Growth habit effect on development of modern soybean cultivars after beginning of bloom in Rio Grande do Sul

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1 DOI: Znon et l. Crop Proution n Mngement - rtile Growth hit et on evelopment o moern soyen ultivrs ter eginning o loom in Rio Grne o Sul lenr Junior Znon 1, Nereu ugusto Strek 1 *, Thigo Shmitz Mrques Roh 1, Cleer Mus lerto, lex Cristino rtz, Gizelli Moino e Pul 3, Regin Tomiozzo 3, Liege Cmrgo Cost, Cesr ugusto Fensterseier 1, Euro Lgo Tglipietr 1, Ânthony Pz Croso 1, Ptri Solri Weer 1, Kelin Pris exir 1 1. Universie Feerl e Snt Mri - Deprtmento e Fitoteni - Centro e Ciênis Ruris - Snt Mri (RS), rzil.. Universie Feerl o Pmp - Deprtmento e gronomi - Itqui (RS), rzil. 3. Universie Feerl e Snt Mri - Freerio Westphlen (RS), rzil.. Função Estul e Pesquis gropeuári - Júlio e Cstilhos (RS), rzil. strt: There ws hnge in the genetis o soyens grown in southern rzil rom the s, whih requires investment in si n etile stuies out growth n evelopment. The purpose in this pper ws to hrterize the overlp perio o vegettive n reproutive phses, growth in height n the emission o noes ter the eginning o lowering in eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs in ierent sowing tes n soyen regions in Rio Grne o Sul. Fiel experiments were onute uring the growing sesons o /13 n 13/, in Snt Mri, Itqui, Freerio Westphlen, Cpão o Leão, Júlio e Cstilhos n in 3 ommeril soyen rops in Resting Sê, Tupniretã n Águ Snt. Overlp etermintion (in ys) o vegettive n reproutive phses, ierene in the numer o noes n height in R n R1 were estimte. The ultivrs with ineterminte growth h higher overlp perio o vegettive n reproutive phses, height growth n emission o noes ter the eginning o lowering in omprison with the eterminte ultivrs. The mgnitue o the overlp vlues o vegettive n reproutive phses n o the inrese in height n numer o noes ter R1 rnge with the type o growth, mturity group, lotion, n sowing te. Key wors: Glyine mx, eterminte, ineterminte, mturity group. *Corresponing uthor: nstrek@yhoo.om.r Reeive: Nov., epte: Mr., 1 rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

2 Soyen growth hit INTRODUCTION In southern rzil, the use o soyen ultivrs with ineterminte growth hit n mturity group (MG) etween. n. hs inrese sine (Znon et l. ). In Rio Grne o Sul (RS) Stte, this new group o ultivrs represente more thn 9% o the re ultivte with soyens in the lst growing sesons n llowe mny rmers to ntiipte (Septemer n erly Otoer) or ely (Jnury n erly Ferury) the sowing te (EMTER ). These hnges in soyen genetis n sowing te emn investment in si n etile stuies on growth n evelopment so tht mngement prties n e pte to the new ultivrs. The overlp o vegettive n reproutive evelopmentl phses in soyen is n importnt vrile sine longer overlpping perio mens more ompetition or photossimiltes etween vegettive (leves n stems) n reproutive (pos n sees) strutures (Setiyono et l. 11). The overlpping perio is inluene y temperture n photoperio n is ssoite with soyen growth hit, whih is ine s the time o termintion o the min stem growth ter the eginning loom (R1) evelopmentl stge (ernr 197). ernr et l. (199) esse the soyen germplsm nk o the Unite Sttes Deprtment o griulture (USD) n lssiie the ultivrs rom 1 (very eterminte) to (very ineterminte) oring to the perio ter whih the plnts ese to grow vegettively, ter the R1 stge. Cultivrs with vlues lower thn. were lssiie s eterminte, i.e. they showe none or slight growth in stem height ter the R1 stge. Cultivrs with vlues etween. n. were lssiie s semieterminte n those with vlues. were lssiie s ineterminte sine the stem elongtion n noe pperne ontinue ter the R1 stge until nerly the grin illing stge. However, when soyen ultivrs re sown ore or ter the reommene perio, the urtion o the overlpping perio vries with wether onitions uring the evelopment yle, whih my hnge the growth hits (ernr 197; Hetherly n Smith ). limite numer o environments n genotypes were stuie y ompring ierent growth hits, n most o the oservtions resulte rom experiments onute outsie rzil uring the 197s, 19s n 199s (Fehr et l. 1971; ernr 197; ernr et l. 199; shlok n Purell ). However, new soyen ultivrs re relese nnully, n rmers in southern rzil re urrently using ultivrs with ineterminte growth hit n MG less thn. in ierent proution systems. Therore, it is worthy to resume stuies to hrterize the urtion o the overlpping perio noe pperne, n stem height growth ter R1. This inormtion n ssist gronomists n rmers in hoosing the most pproprite sowing te, ultivrs (MG), row sping, seeing ensity n other mngement prties to exploit the geneti potentil o eh ultivr. The ojetive o this stuy is to etermine the urtion o the overlpping perio etween vegettive n reproutive phses, the growth in plnt height n the noe pperne ter the eginning loom stge in eterminte n ineterminte soyen ultivrs in ierent sowing tes n lotions ross the RS Stte. MTERIL ND METHODS Fiel experiments were onute uring growing sesons (/13 n 13/) in lotions where soyen is preominntly grown in RS (Figure 1). The experimentl sites were lote t the Universie Feerl e Snt Mri (Snt Mri n Freerio Westphlen), Universie Feerl e Pelots (Cpão o Ltitue 7S S 9S 3S 31S 3S 33S Rio Grne o Sul rzil Cpão o Leão Freerio Westphlen Águ Snt Tupniretã Itqui Júlio e Cstilhos Snt Mri Resting Sê 3S W 7W W W W 3W W 1W W 9W Longitue Figure 1. Mp o the Stte o Rio Grne o Sul, rzil. Soli irles inite experimentl sites, uring the /13 n 13/ growing sesons. rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1 7

3 .J. Znon et l. Leão), Universie Feerl o Pmp (Itqui), Função Estul e Pesquis gropeuári - FEPGRO Sementes (Júlio e Cstilhos), n 3 ommeril soyen iels lote t the ounties o Resting Sê, Tupniretã, n Águ Snt. The limte in RS is sutropil humi with hot summers n no ry seson. Five types o soils were oserve in the experimentl sites, rom very eep, over. m, up to shllow, less thn 1. m. In southern n western RS, the experiments were onute in res tritionlly ultivte with rie (lowlns), where most soils hve low wter storge pity n low hyruli onutivity, ompre with those o the highlns in northern RS (Strek et l. ). The soyen ultivrs were selete ue to the ierent growth hits, n the rnge o reltive mturity represent ll the MGs urrently ultivte in RS (Tle 1). In Snt Mri, sowings were onute ore (Septemer), uring (Novemer) n ter (Ferury), the reommene soyen sowing te in RS. In Itqui, sowings ourre ore (Otoer n Novemer) n uring (Deemer) the reommene perio; in ll other ples, sowings were onute uring the reommene perio, totling sowing tes (Tle ). The ertiliztion, inoultion o sees with ryrhizoium jponium, tretment Tle 1. Soyen ultivrs, mturity group n growth hits use in the experiments in Snt Mri, Itqui, Freerio Westphlen, Cpão o Leão, Júlio e Cstilhos, Resting Sê, Tupniretã n Águ Snt, Rio Grne o Sul. Cultivrs MG Growth hit NS 7 RR*.7 Ineterminte. Ineterminte TMG 711 RR Inox. Ineterminte MX Energi RR. Ineterminte. Ineterminte MX Turo RR. Ineterminte NS RR**. Ineterminte N 99 RR.3 Ineterminte IS. Determinte Igr R 1 RR. Ineterminte MX Potêni RR.7 Ineterminte Fepgro 3 RR 7. Determinte 7. Determinte rgg 7.3 Determinte. Determinte *NS 7 RR ws sown only in Tupniretã; **NS RR ws sown only in Resting Sê. MG = Mturity group. o sees with ungiies n insetiies, s well s ontrol o wees, pests n iseses were perorme oring to the tehnil reommentions or the rop. In Snt Mri, the experiments were irrigte so tht the plnts evelope without wter iit. In the other res, the experiments were onute uner rine onitions, whih represent most soyen rms in RS. Experiments in Snt Mri, Itqui, Cpão o Leão n Freerio Westphlen were onute in ompletely rnomize loks esign, with replitions. Eh lok h 17 rows, with orer rows on eh sie. Eh 3-m-long row ontine 1 ultivr. In Júlio e Cstilhos, the experiment h 3 replitions, n the plots h our -m-long rows o eh ultivr. In the ommeril soyen iels (Resting Sê, Tupniretã, n Águ Snt), the experiments were onute s emonstrtive plots (without repetition), n eh plot onsiste o our 3-m-long rows o eh ultivr. In ll experiments, the row sping use ws. m, with 3 plnts m, whih represents the row sping n ensity use in most soyen rms in RS (EMTER ). The emergene ws ine when the otyleons o % o the plnts were ove the soil sure. Shortly ter the pperne o the irst pir o uniolite leves, the plnts use to ssess the numer o noes (NN), phenology, n plnt height (H) were mrke with olore wire. The te o the inl numer o noes ws set when no new noes ppere on the min stem. The evlutions or ientiying reproutive stges, R1; R3; R; R; R; R7, n R, ollowe the sle o Fehr et l. (1971). Tle shows etile inormtion out the experimentl protool. The urtion, in ys, o the emergene phse to the eginning loom (R1), emergene o the inl numer o noes, eginning loom to mturity (R), n the totl yle were etermine. Stem height (istne rom the groun to the growth pex, in m) ws mesure in R1 n R stges. Sttistil nlysis ws perorme or the overlpping perio (OP), in ys, n or the ierene in NN n stem height oserve in R1 n R stges. Dt nlysis ws perorme or eh sowing te in ll sites, oring to Hetherly n Smith (). The mens were ompre y Tukey s test (p <.). Contrst nlysis ws perorme to ompre ultivrs with ierent growth hits. euse the ommeril soyen iels h no replitions, only the mens o the vriles or rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

4 Soyen growth hit Tle. Experimentl site, ltitue, soil texture, sowing te, numer o plnts per ultivr n requeny o phenologil evlution, n numer o noes or the experiments in Snt Mri, Itqui, Freerio Westphlen, Cpão o Leão, Júlio e Cstilhos, Resting Sê, Tupniretã n Águ Snt, Rio Grne o Sul. Lol ltitue (m) Soil texture Sowing te Plnts evlute per ultivr Phenology n numer o noes Evlution requeny (ys) Numer o Phenology noes 9/7/13 Snt Mri 9 Lom 11//13 // 1/1/ Itqui 7 Lom 11// /3/ Freerio Westphlen Cly 11/3/ Cpão o Leão 13 Mein Cly 11/9/ 3 Júlio e Cstilhos 13 Sny Cly 11/1/ Resting Sê 3 Lom 11//13 1 Tupniretã Cly 11/17/13 1 Águ Snt Very Cly 11//13 1 Totl. eh ultivr were nlyze. ll sttistil nlyzes were perorme using the SS sttistil sotwre. RESULTS ND DISCUSSION Wether hrteriztion The wether throughout the soyen evelopment yle in the lotions n sowing tes represente lmost ll the situtions tht my our in ommeril soyen iels in RS (Figure ). In most sites n sowing tes, men ily temperture, photoperio, n solr rition inrese t the eginning n erese in the rest o the evelopmentl yle. These ts inite tht sowings were perorme ore n uring the sowing winow in RS. The sowings in Itqui n Snt Mri ourre on /3/13 n //, respetively, n the wether vriles erese throughout the growing seson in these ples, initing tht the sowings were perorme ter the reommene perio. The vrition o the vilility o meteorologil vriles s untion o sowing te n lol hnge the overlpping perio, stem height, n numer o noes ter R1 etween growth hits n MG (Figures 3,,,). Experiments with irrigtion Stem height n NN in R1 ws higher or eterminte soyen ultivrs (Tle 3). Similrly, Hetherly n Smith () n Znon et l. () reporte tht eterminte ultivrs hve higher growth rte up to the R1 stge while the ineterminte ones hve slower initil growth, whih eses only t the eginning o grin illing. The stem height t R ws not signiintly ierent etween growth hits, exept or Novemer sowing, when eterminte ultivrs were tller. This result emonstrtes the soyen reeing in the lst yers, s the ultivrs with ineterminte growth hit, whih urrently represent the mjority o the ultivrs sowe in southern rzil, were inexpressive in soyen rms until the s. The inrese height o these plnts use loging n, onsequently, reue proutivity (Munstok n Thoms ). The lower NN t R or eterminte ultivrs sown in Septemer is ssoite with their growth hit, i.e. the short photoperio in lte Septemer n erly Otoer inue erly lowering n ese the pperne o noes ew ys ter R1. On the other hn, the ineterminte ultivrs ontinue to proue noes up to the eginning o grin illing, rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1 9

5 .J. Znon et l. Temperture (ºC) () Photoperio (h) Rinll (mm.y -1 ) () Temperture (ºC) /9/ /9/ 1//13 /7/13 3/9/13 //13 //13 /7/13 11/9/ /9/ 1//13 /7/13 3/9/13 //13 //13 /7/13 1/1/13 11//13 Temperture (ºC) Photoperio (h) //13 1// /13/ 3// // // 1/1/13 11//13 //13 1// /13/ 3// // // 9/7/13 1/7/13 11//13 //13 1// // 3// // // // 9/7/13 1/7/13 11//13 //13 1// // 3// // // // Solr rition (MJ m y 1 ) Dte Dte Temperture Photoperio Sowing te Rinll Solr rition (MJ m ) () () Rinll (mm.y -1 ) Solr rition (MJ m y 1 ) Temperture Photoperio Sowing te Dte Rinll Dte Solr rition (MJ m ) (e) () Photoperio (h) Rinll (mm.y -1 ) Solr rition (MJ m y 1 ) Dte Dte Temperture Photoperio Sowing te Rinll Solr rition (MJ m )...ontinue Figure. Men ily ir temperture ( C), photoperio (h -1 ), rinll (mm 1 ) n solr rition (MJ m ² 1 ) uring the experiments in Snt Mri (, ), Itqui (, ), Cpão o Leão (e, ), Júlio e Cstilhos (g, h) n Freerio Westphlen (i, j). rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

6 Soyen growth hit...ontinution (g) Temperture (ºC) Photoperio (h) (h) Rinll (mm.y -1 ) Solr rition (MJ m y 1 ) 11/1/13 /1/13 1/17/ /1/ Dte 3/1/ /17/ /17/ 11/1/13 /1/13 1/17/ /1/ Dte 3/1/ /17/ /17/ Temperture Photoperio Sowing te Rinll Solr rition (MJ m ) Temperture (ºC) (i) Photoperio (h) Rinll (mm.y -1 ) (j) Solr rition (MJ m y 1 ) 11/3/13 /3/13 1// // Dte 3/3/ // // 11/3/13 /3/13 1// // Dte 3/3/ // // Temperture Photoperio Sowing te Rinll Solr rition (MJ m ) Figure. Men ily ir temperture ( C), photoperio (h -1 ), rinll (mm 1 ) n solr rition (MJ m ² 1 ) uring the experiments in Snt Mri (, ), Itqui (, ), Cpão o Leão (e, ), Júlio e Cstilhos (g, h) n Freerio Westphlen (i, j). lthough they lso h een inue to lowering (Znon et l. ). The overlpping perio, stem height, n NN etween R1 n R were higher on verge or ultivrs with ineterminte ompre to eterminte growth. However, the vlues erese or elye sowing te in ineterminte ultivrs n remine lmost unhnge Dte in eterminte ultivrs (Figure 3). Stem height, numer o noes, n overlpping perio in most eterminte ultivrs iere rom the irst stuies on soyen growth hits (Egli n Leggett 1973), when vegettive growth ese ter R1. Thus, urther stuies re neessry to unerstn n relssiy, oring to growth hit, the ultivrs urrently sown y rmers in southern rzil. Furthermore, it is suggeste tht ultivrs urrently lssiie s eterminte shoul e relssiie s semieterminte growth. Stem height ter R1 in ineterminte n eterminte ultivrs vrie, on verge, rom to 1% n to %, or Septemer sowing, rom to 37% n 1 to 33%, or Novemer sowing, n rom 7 to 9% Dte n 3 to 9%, or Ferury sowing, respetively. The inrese in NN ter R1 or Septemer, Novemer, n Ferury sowings vrie rom to %; 19 to 31% n 17 to 1%, in eterminte ultivrs, n rom 79 to 13%; 3 to 17%, n 3 to % in ineterminte ultivrs, respetively. This wie vrition in growth n evelopment ter R1 up to the pperne o the rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1 1

7 .J. Znon et l e lst noe is ssoite with the MG rnge (.7 to.), sowing seson te (Septemer to Ferury), n growth hits. From these results, it is ler tht mngement prties nee to e pte to the ultivr growth hit, MG, n epen on the sowing te. Previous stuies t higher (3 N; Egli n Leggett 1973) n similr (33 N; Hetherly n Smith ) ltitues showe tht eterminte ultivrs rehe more thn 7% o the inl height n % o the NN, while ineterminte ultivrs rehe less thn % o the inl height n % o the inl NN, t R1, respetively. These results re ierent rom ours in RS limte onitions, initing the omplex genotype versus environment intertion or soyen. Therore, gronomists n rmers shoul e very rul when extrpolting results o stuies onute in other lotions to eie out the est mngement prties or their rops. Experiments uner rine onitions Plnt height n NN t R1 were higher or eterminte ultivrs, ollowing the sme tren o the results in Snt Mri (irrigte experiments). NN t R ws higher or ineterminte ultivrs, exept in Freerio Westphlen. Height t R i not ier or growth hits, exept or Otoer sowing in Itqui, where the ineterminte ultivrs were tller (Tle 3). Ineterminte ultivrs showe, on verge, longer overlpping, higher stem growth or Otoer n Novemer sowings, n higher NN or Otoer sowing, in Itqui (Figure ). The overlpping perio rnge rom 1 to % n to 9%, or Otoer sowing, rom 1 to % n 3 to %, or Novemer sowing, or eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs, respetively. The height ierene etween R n R1 rnge rom 11 to % n 9 to 19%, or Otoer sowing, rom 3 to % n 9 to 1%, or Novemer sowing, rom 9 to % n 19 to %, or Deemer sowing, or eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs, respetively. On the other hn, the ierene etween NN in R n R1, in eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs, rnge rom 3 to 9% n to %, or Otoer sowing, n rom to 39% n to 1%, or Novemer sowing, or eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs, respetively. There were no signiint ierenes etween eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs within the sme sowing te or the overlpping perio, stem height, n numer o noes ter the R1 stge. Dys etween R1 n NFN ER R1 NR R1 () () () 1 * MX Energi RR MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR e MX Turo RR MX Turo RR IS IS IS N 99 RR e N 99 RR N 99 RR e MX Poteni RR *Mens ollowe y the sme lowerse letters (omprison etween ultivrs sowe on the sme te) o not ier y Tukey s test ** Mens ollowe y the sme upperse letters o not ier y ontrst nlysis t % Figure 3. () Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); () Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); () NN ierene etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown on 7/9/13, /11/13 n // in Snt Mri, RS. e Cultivrs MX Poteni RR MX Poteni RR e Feprgo 3 RR Feprgo 3 RR e Cultivrs Feprgo 3 RR Cultivrs e e e RGG RGG RGG e e TEC 931PRO TEC 931PRO e TEC 931PRO TMG 711 RR inox TMG 711 RR inox TMG 711 RR inox ** Ineterminte Ineterminte Determinte Determinte rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

8 Soyen growth hit In Itqui, the rinll etween sowing te n R7 ws 73, 7, n 71 mm or the Otoer, Novemer, n Deemer sowing tes, respetively. It is hypothesize tht the wter shortge perios tht ourre uring the evelopmentl yle resulte rom low wter storge pity o the soil n the smll soil volume explore y the roots (<. m) explin the smll n no ierene, in solute vlues, o vriles etween ultivrs o ierent n sme growth hit, respetively, ompre to the experiments in Snt Mri. The low hyruli onutivity ssoite with high rinll in erly Novemer n mi-mrh (Figure ) use stress in plnts y exess wter in the soil. When the sowing ws perorme in the reommene seson, ineterminte ultivrs h longer overlpping perio, higher NN ter R1 in Cpão o Leão n Júlio e Cstilhos, n higher stem growth ter R1 in Júlio e Cstilhos (Figure ). The ultivr o MG. h the longest overlpping perio s well s the lrgest inrese in NN n height ter R1, ompre with other ineterminte n eterminte ultivrs. ER R1 Dys etween R1 n NFN * MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Feprgo 3 RR Cultivrs e RGG () () TEC 931PRO TMG 711 RR inox ** Ineterminte Determinte Experiments in ommeril soyen rms In the experiments onute in ommeril soyen rms, the inrese in stem height n NN ter R1 s well s the overlpping perio showe the sme tren o the other sites (Figure ). In Resting Sê, the ierene etween eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs ws higher, proly euse no morphologil symptoms o wter iit were oserve. In Águ Snt, the smll ierenes etween growth hits re ssoite with elye sowing te (Deemer), whih reue growth n evelopment yle. Soyen is short-y plnt, n lte sowing te inue it to loom ster thn the plnts tht were sowe in Resting Sê n Tupniretã (Novemer), whih were expose to inresing photoperio or longer perio (Sinlir et l. ; Znon et l. ). Thus, s sowing is elye, the ierenes in growth n evelopment o soyen ultivrs with ierent growth hits tens to e smller. Joint nlysis o the experiments se on the ierenes in the overlpping perios, stem height, n NN etween R1 n R or eterminte n ineterminte ultivrs regring sowing te n lol, it is ler tht there is genotypi vriility n ptterns o growth n evelopment NR R1 () 1 MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR MX Turo RR IS N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Cultivrs MX Poteni RR Cultivrs Figure. () Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); () Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); () NN ierene etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown on 7/9/13, /11/13 n // in Itqui, RS. Feprgo 3 RR Feprgo 3 RR RGG RGG TEC 931PRO TMG 711 RR inox TEC 931PRO TMG 711 RR inox *Mens ollowe y the sme lowerse letters (omprison etween ultivrs sowe on the sme te) o not ier y Tukey s test ** Mens ollowe y the sme upperse letters o not ier y ontrst nlysis t % Ineterminte Ineterminte Determinte Determinte rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1 3

9 .J. Znon et l. Dys etween R1 n NFN Dys etween R1 n NFN () Dys etween R1 n NFN * MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR e IS IS N 99 RR g N 99 RR MX Poteni RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Fepgro 3 RR Cultivrs g Cultivrs gh RGG RGG h TMG 711 RR Inox ** Ineterminte e N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR RGG TMG 711 RR Inox Determinte Ineterminte Determinte Ineterminte Determinte () E R R1 E R R1 E R R () () (e) () MX Energi RR MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR e Igr 1 RR e MX Turo RR IS MX Turo RR e IS N 99 RR N 99 RR N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Cultivrs RGG Cultivrs MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR RGG RGG TMG 711 RR Inox TMG 711 RR Inox Ineterminte Determinte Ineterminte Determinte Ineterminte Determinte Cultivrs Cultivrs *Mens ollowe y the sme lowerse letters (omprison etween ultivrs sowe in the sme lol) o not ier y Tukey s test **Mens ollowe y the sme upperse letters o not ier y ontrst nlysis t %...ontinue Figure. () Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); () Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); () NN ierene, etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown in Cpão o Leão (,, g), Júlio e Cstilhos (, e, h) n Freerio Westphlen (,, i), RS, in the 13/ growing seson. rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

10 Soyen growth hit...ontinution (g) N R R1 (h) N R R1 (i) N R R MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR IS MX Turo RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR IS IS MX Poteni RR N 99 RR N 99 RR Fepgro 3 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Cultivrs *Mens ollowe y the sme lowerse letters (omprison etween ultivrs sowe in the sme lol) o not ier y Tukey s test **Mens ollowe y the sme upperse letters o not ier y ontrst nlysis t % Figure. () Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); () Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); () NN ierene, etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown in Cpão o Leão (,, g), Júlio e Cstilhos (, e, h) n Freerio Westphlen (,, i), RS, in the 13/ growing seson. MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Cultivrs RGG Cultivrs RGG RGG TMG 711 RR Inox TMG 711 RR Inox Ineterminte Ineterminte Ineterminte Determinte Determinte Determinte ter R1, mong ultivrs, regrless o growth hit. These results inite tht reeing progrms n selet popultions with ierent overlpping perios, stem height growth, n NN ter R1, se on the esire trits epening on the sowing () Dys etween R1 n NFN () Dys etween R1 n NFN 3 1 () Dys etween R1 n NFN MX Energi RR MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR MX Turo RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR IS N 99 RR MX Poteni RR N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Figure. (,, ) Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); (, e, ) Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); (g, h, i) NN ierene, etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown in ommeril rms in Resting Sê (,, g), Tupniretã (, e, h) n Águ Snt (,, i), RS, in the 13/ growing seson. Cultivrs Cultivrs Fepgro 3 RR Cultivrs RGG RGG TMG 711 RR TMG 711 RR Ns RR NS 7 RR TMG 711 RR Ineterminte Ineterminte Ineterminte Determinte Determinte Determinte...ontinue rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

11 .J. Znon et l. te. Knowlege o the vriility mong growth hits is the key to hieve mximum yiels in either erly or lte sowing te, euse the trits, stem height, n NN re key tors or the pttion o ultivrs, mngement prties, n potentil yiel (Wilox n Seiym 191). Moreover, these results inite the nee or eo-physiologil (photossimiltes prtitioning) n physiologil (photosyntheti rte n stomtl onutne) stuies to eluite the ierenes mong ultivrs o the sme n/or ierent growth hits, MG, sowing te, n lol o ultivtion....ontinution () E R R (g) N R R1 1 Cultivrs Cultivrs E R R MX Energi RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR IS N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR RGG TMG 711 RR Ineterminte Determinte MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR IS N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR RGG TMG 711 RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR IS N 99 RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR RGG TMG 711 RR NS 7 RR Ineterminte Determinte N R R1 MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR IS N 99 RR TMG 711 RR Ns RR MX Energi RR Igr 1 RR MX Turo RR N 99 RR MX Poteni RR MX Poteni RR Fepgro 3 RR TMG 711 RR Fepgro 3 RR Ns RR RGG TMG 711 RR NS 7 RR Cultivrs Cultivrs Ineterminte Determinte Ineterminte Determinte Ineterminte Determinte E R R1 (e) (h) N R R1 Ineterminte Determinte () (i) Cultivrs Cultivrs Figure. (,, ) Overlp, in ys, etween eginning loom (R1) n inl numer o noes (FNN); (, e, ) Stem height ierene, in m, etween R n R1 (E R R1); (g, h, i) NN ierene, etween R n R1 (N R R1) or soyen ultivrs sown in ommeril rms in Resting Sê (,, g), Tupniretã (, e, h) n Águ Snt (,, i), RS, in the 13/ growing seson. rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1

12 Soyen growth hit Tle 3. Contrsts etween ultivrs with eterminte (IS, Fepgro 3 RR,, rgg n ) x inerteminte growth hit (NS 7 RR,, TMG 711 RR Inox, MX Energi RR, TEC 93 IPRO, MX Turo RR, NS RR, N 99 RG, Igr R 1 RR n MX Potêni RR) or the vriles stem height t R1 (Height R1) n t R (Height R), numer o noes in R1 (NN R1) n numer o noes in R (NN R) in trils in Snt Mri, Itqui, Cpão o Leão, Júlio e Cstilhos n Freerio Westphlen, Rio Grne o Sul. Height R1 Height R NN R1 NN R (Det x In) Snt Mri (9/7/13) 3 3* 1 11 ns. 9.3 ns * Snt Mri (11//13) 11 1* * ns * Snt Mri (//) ns ns 9..1* 11..* Itqui (1/1/13) 1 33 ns 7* ns * Itqui (11//13) 7 ns 3 ns *..* Itqui (/3/13) 7 ns 3 ns (1) Cpão o Leão 3 ns 1 1 ns * * Júlio e Cstilhos 91 * ns ns * Freerio Westphlen 3* ns. 1. ns ns (1) NN t R1 n t R were not evlute or the /3/13 sowing te in Itqui; nsnon-signiint; *Signiint t %. Det = Determinte growth; In = Ineterminte growth. From this stuy, gronomists n rmers n mke mngement eisions se on upte tehnil inormtion when new soyen ultivr is relese. The ineterminte ultivrs h longer overlpping perio s well s higher stem elongtion n NN ter R1 in most lotions n sowing tes. oring to these results, it is possile to onlue tht the ineterminte ultivrs hve greter stility n ility to pt to verse growing onitions, suh s erly or elye sowing te, short perios o wter shortge or surplus in the soil, whih is oten oserve in RS. These hrteristis llowe us to unerstn the reson ehin the hnging growth hits o soyen ultivrs grown in southern rzil in the lst yers. CONCLUSION The overlpping perio, stem height elongtion, n numer o noes etween R1 n R were higher or ultivrs with ineterminte growth hit ompre with the eterminte one, n the mgnitue o these ierenes erese s sowing ws elye or ineterminte ultivrs n remine lmost unhnge or eterminte ones. Further stuies iming to unerstn n relssiy the ultivrs urrently sown y rmers in southern rzil oring to their growth hit re neee. knowlegments We woul like to espeilly thnk ll ollegues rom the Reserh Group in grometeorology t the Universie Feerl e Snt Mri n the Proessor Isel Lgo n her reserh group t UFPel, or helping to ollet, orgnize, n input the t use or this stuy. Dt olletion or this projet ws une y the Ntionl Counsel o Tehnologil n Sientii Development (CNPq) (Projet no. 71/-3). rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1 7

13 .J. Znon et l. REFERENCES shlok, L. n Purell, L. (). Growth n evelopment. In L. shlok (E.), rknss soyen hnook (p. 7-). Little Rok: University rknss Coopertion Extension Servie. ernr, R. L. (197). Two genes eting stem termintion in soyens. Crop Siene,, ernr, R. L., Cremeens, C. R., Cooper, R. L., Collins, F. I., Kroer, O.., thow, K. L., Lviolette, F.., Cole, C. J. n Nelson, R. L. (199). Evlution o the USD soyen Germplsm Colletion: mturity groups IV. USD-RS Tehnil ulletin 1. Wshington: US Government Pulishing Oie. Egli, D.. n Leggett, J. E. (1973). Dry mtter umultion ptterns in eterminte n ineterminte soyens. Crop Siene, 13, -. Empres e ssistêni Téni e Extensão Rurl (). Levntmento e áre seme om soj no Rio Grne o Sul. Porto legre: Emter; [esso set. ]. www. emter.the.r/site/servios/inormoes-gropeuris.php# Fehr, W. R., Cviness, C. E. urmoo, D. T. n Pennington, J. S. (1971). Stge o evelopment esriptions or soyens, Glyine mx (L.) Merrill. Crop Siene, 11, Hetherly, L. G. n Smith, J. R. (). Eet o soyen stem growth hit on height n noe numer ter eginning loom in the misouthern US. Crop Siene,, Munstok, C. M. n Thoms,. L. (). Soj: tores que etm o resimento e o renimento e grãos. Porto legre: Evngr. Setiyono, T. D., stis,. M., Cssmn, K. G., Weiss,., Doermnn,. n Speht, J. E. (11). Nol l re istriution in soyen plnts grown in high yiel environments. gronomy Journl, 13, gronj11.1. Strek, E. V., Kmp, N., Dlmolin, R. S. D., Klmt, E., Nsimento, P. C., Shneier, P., Gisson, E. n Pinto, L. F. S. (). Solos o Rio Grne o Sul. Porto legre: EMTER, UFRGS. Sinlir, T. R., Neumier, N., Fris, J. R.. n Nepomueno,. L. (). Comprison o vegettive evelopment in soyen ultivrs or low ltitue environments. Fiel Crops Reserh, 9, Wilox, J. R. n Seiym, T. (191). Interreltionships mong height, loging n yiel in eterminte n ineterminte soyens. Euphyti, 3, F Znon,. J., Strek, N.., Rihter, G. L., eker, C. C., Roh, T. S. M., Cer, J. C., Wink, J. E. M., Croso,. P., Tglipietr, E. L. n Weer, P. S. (). Contriuição s rmiições e evolução o ínie e áre olir em ultivres moerns e soj. rgnti, 7, Znon,. J., Wink, J. E. M., Strek, N.., Rihter, G. L., Roh, T. S. M., Cer, J. C., Lgo, I., Sntos, P. M., Miel, L. R., Guees, J. V. C. n Mrhesn, E. (). Desenvolvimento e ultivres e soj em unção o grupo e mturção e tipo e resimento em terrs lts e terrs ixs. rgnti, 7, x.oi.org/1.9/ rgnti, Cmpins, v. 7, n., p.-, 1