Name Date Class. This section describes the six kinds of simple machines. It also explains how to calculate the advantage of using simple machines.
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1 Simple Machines This section describes the six kinds of simple machines. It also explains how to calculate the advantage of using simple machines. Use Target Reading Skills Before you read the section, preview Figure 17. Record two questions about the diagram in the graphic organizer. As you read the section, look for the answers to your questions in the text and the figure captions. Record the answers to your questions in the graphic organizer. Q. Three Classes of Levers A. Q. A. 1. What are the six basic kinds of simple machines? a. b. c. d. e. f.
2 Simple Machines (continued) Inclined Plane 2. What is an inclined plane? 3. What formula do you use to determine the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane? 4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about inclined planes. a. The necessary input is less than the output. b. A ramp is an example of an inclined plane. c. The necessary input is more than the output. d. An inclined plane allows you to exert your over a longer distance. 5. The larger the incline, the less you need to push or pull an object on an inclined plane. Wedge 6. What is a wedge? 7. Is the following sentence true or false? In a wedge, the inclined plane itself moves. 8. Is the following sentence true or false? The longer and thinner a wedge is, the greater its mechanical advantage. Screws 9. What is a screw? 10. A spiral inclined plane forms the of a screw. 11. When twisting a screw into a piece of wood, where is the input applied and where is the output exerted?
3 Levers 12. What is a lever? 13. The fixed point that a lever pivots around is called the. 14. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about levers. a. A lever increases the effect of your input. b. There are three different types of levers. c. A lever changes the direction of your input. d. The fulcrum is always located at the same place on a lever. 15. On each diagram below, draw a triangle below the lever to show where the fulcrum is located on each class of lever. First-class levers Second-class levers Third-class levers 16. Complete the following table about levers. Levers Class of Lever Examples Door, wheel barrow, bottle opener Seesaw, scissors, pliers Baseball bat, shovel, fishing pole 17. What formula do you use to calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a lever?
4 Simple Machines (continued) Wheel and Axle 18. What is a wheel and axle? 19. What formula do you use to calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle? Pulley 20. What is a pulley? 21. What kind of pulley changes the direction of the input but does not change the amount of you apply? 22. What kind of pulley has an ideal mechanical advantage of 2? Simple Machines in the Body 23. What do most of the levers in your body consist of? 24. Your muscles are attached to your bones by tough connective tissue called. 25. In a living lever in your body, what acts as the lever s fulcrum?
5 26. On the illustration of a living lever, label each arrow to show where the input and the output are located. Also show where the fulcrum is located. 27. What simple machines do your incisors resemble? 28. Explain how your front teeth are like an ax. Compound Machines 29. What is a compound machine? 30. What do you need to know to calculate the mechanical advantage of a compound machine?
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