A Timed CTL Model Checker for Real-Time Maude
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1 A Timed CTL Model Checker for Real-Time Maude Daniela Lepri 1, Erika Ábrahám 2, and Peter Csaba Ölveczky 1 1 University of Oslo and 2 RWTH Aachen
2 Real-Time Maude Extends Maude to real-time systems Object-oriented modeling of distributed real-time systems Expressiveness and generality properties in general undecidable!
3 Real-Time Maude (II) Static parts: algebraic equational specification Instantaneous change: rewrite rules crl [l] : t => t if cond. Time elapse modeled by tick rewrite rules crl [tick] : {t} => {t } in time τ if cond.
4 Real-Time Maude (II) Static parts: algebraic equational specification Instantaneous change: rewrite rules crl [l] : t => t if cond. Time elapse modeled by tick rewrite rules crl [tick] : {t} => {t } in time τ if cond. Formal analysis: simulation time-bounded reachability analysis explicit-state untimed LTL model checking
5 Some Real-Time Maude Applications (I) Large and complex distributed real-time systems 50-page active networks multicast protocol IETF multicast protocol wireless sensor network algorithms scheduling algorithms avionics systems airplane turning algorithms cloud data stores (Megastore,...)... Formalizing complexity-reducing patterns (Multirate) PALS safe operation of medical devices
6 Some Real-Time Maude Applications (II) Semantic framework and formal analysis tool for modeling languages AADL avionics modeling standard Synchronous AADL Ptolemy II DE models DoCoMo Labs handset programming language Real-Time MOMENT-2 Eclipse model transformation framework e-motions visual model transformations Timed Rebeca actor language Timed Creol Orc... Intuitive domain-specific modeling + automated formal analysis
7 Ptolemy II Example: Fault-Tolerant Traffic Light System HierarchicalTrafficLight Decision TrafficLight TrafficLight Normal Error
8 Integration into Ptolemy II
9 RTM Verification of Synchronous AADL in OSATE
10 Dealing with Dense Time var T : Time. crl [tick] : {t} => {timeeffect(t, T)} in time T if T <= mte(t).
11 Dealing with Dense Time var T : Time. crl [tick] : {t} => {timeeffect(t, T)} in time T if T <= mte(t). can visit all dense time values not executable Real-Time Maude approach: time sampling strategies advance time by value fixed advance time maximally
12 Dealing with Dense Time var T : Time. crl [tick] : {t} => {timeeffect(t, T)} in time T if T <= mte(t). can visit all dense time values not executable Real-Time Maude approach: time sampling strategies advance time by value fixed advance time maximally Model checking in general not sound/complete! analysis sound and complete for many systems
13 Timed Temporal Logic So far: untimed LTL model checking the airbag must eventually deploy after crash detected the ventilator machine must eventually be turned on after having been turned off BO eventually closes G
14 Timed Temporal Logic So far: untimed LTL model checking the airbag must eventually deploy after crash detected the ventilator machine must eventually be turned on after having been turned off BO eventually closes G Timed temporal logics the airbag must deploy within 10ms after crash the ventilator machine cannot be continuously stopped for more than 3 seconds BO closes G within one year after inauguration
15 Timed CTL TCTL: temporal operators with time intervals: φ U [r1,r 2 ] φ (crash = 10ms airbagdeployed) ((inauguration(bo) open(g)) = one year closed(g)) (ventoff = 3sec ( 10min venton))
16 Two Main Issues (I): Intended Semantics Intended semantics? {f (X )} {f (X + Y )} in time Y if Y 3 X does F [1,2] True hold from {f (0)}?
17 Two Main Issues (I): Intended Semantics Intended semantics? {f (X )} {f (X + Y )} in time Y if Y 3 X does F [1,2] True hold from {f (0)}? Pointwise semantics - only visited states into account - F [1,2] True does not hold from {f (0)} Continuous semantics - tick rule interpreted as representing continuous process - F [1,2] True holds from {f (0)}
18 Two Main Issues (II): Soundness and Completeness Soundness/completeness for untimed TL properties do not hold for timed CTL! Maximal time sampling analysis does not satisfy F [1,2] True Dense time: γ is the gcd of non-zero time values in TCTL formula non-zero maximal tick amounts Continuous semantics: advance time by γ/2 in each tick step Pointwise semantics: advance time by any multiple of γ/2 Soundness and completeness for time-robust systems: R, L P, t = c ϕ R gcd(t 0,r,ϕ)/2, L P, t = p ϕ,
19 Real-Time Maude s TCTL Model Checker Explicit-state TCTL model checker (mc-tctl t = ϕ.) (mc-tctl-gcd t = ϕ.)
20 Real-Time Maude s TCTL Model Checker Explicit-state TCTL model checker (mc-tctl t = ϕ.) (mc-tctl-gcd t = ϕ.) Implemented in Maude Adapts explicit-state CTL model checking algorithm by Laroussinie, Markey, and Schnoebelen No counterexample provided!
21 Example: Hierarchical Traffic Light System in Ptolemy II Only yellow light will show within one time unit of failure: Maude> (mc-tctl {init} = AG (( HierarchicalTrafficLight. Decision (port Error is present)) implies AF[<= than 1] ( HierarchicalTrafficLight ( Cyel = # 1, Cgrn = # 0, Cred = # 0)))).)
22 Example (cont.)
23 Benchmarking: Crossing the Bridge
24 Benchmarking: Crossing the Bridge
25 Crossing the Bridge Initial state and property eq init(n) = person(5 * N,false) person(20 * N,false) lamp(false). person(10 * N,false) person(25 * N,false) op safe : -> Prop. eq {person(t:time, false) S:System} = safe = false. eq {S:System} = safe = true [owise]. Model checking: Maude> (mc-tctl {init(1)} = AG EF[<= than 85] safe.)
26 Benchmarking Initial state TSMV Real-Time Maude RED 7.0 (pointwise) (continuous) init(1) init(10) init(100) init(1000) init+(2) init+(4) init+(8) init+(12) init+(16) Table: Execution times (in seconds).
27 Concluding Remarks Timed CTL model checking for Real-Time Maude and other modeling languages! Sound/complete for time-robust models
28 Concluding Remarks Timed CTL model checking for Real-Time Maude and other modeling languages! Sound/complete for time-robust models Future work: C++ implementation informative analysis results
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