SUSY w/o the LHC: Neutralino & Gravitino LSPs
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1 SUSY w/o the LHC: Neutralino & Gravitino LSPs & /3/12 M.W. Cahill-Rowley, J.L. Hewett, S. Hoeche, A. Ismail, T.G.R.
2 Searches for the LHC have not found any signals (yet)?? It would seem useful to go beyond the cmssm or any particular SUSY breaking scheme to study the MSSM more generally LHC SUSY 2
3 One Approach: The pmssm The MSSM has too many parameters so we make assumptions to reduce these to a reasonable level The most general, CP-conserving MSSM with R-parity Minimal Flavor Violation at the TeV scale The lightest neutralino or the gravitino is the LSP. The first two sfermion generations are degenerate (sfermion type by sfermion type). The first two generations have negligible Yukawa s. No assumptions about SUSY-breaking or GUT the pmssm with 19/20 real, TeV/weak-scale parameters Choose the ranges of these parameters & how they re selected Scan: look for ~250k points in these spaces satisfying all existing data & study their the LHC & elsewhere.. NO FITS! 3
4 Two New pmssm Scans: Neutralino & Gravitino LSPs 100 GeV m Le1,2,3 4 TeV 400 GeV m Qud1,2 4 TeV 200 GeV m Qud3 4 TeV 50 GeV M 1 4 TeV 100 GeV M 2, µ 4 TeV 400 GeV M 3 4 TeV A t,b,τ 4 TeV 100 GeV M A 4 TeV 1 tanβ 60 (via SOFTSUSY +SuSpect + FeynHiggs) For the gravitino LSP: 1 ev m G 1 TeV ( log scan) Apply all the usual non-lhc + all LHC non-met constraints (as of 12/1/2011). Additional complexities occur, eg, BBN 4 constraints for the gravitino LSP case
5 Some Constraints Δρ / W-mass b s γ Δ(g-2) µ Direct Detection of Dark Matter (SI & SD) WMAP Dark Matter density upper bound LEP and Tevatron Direct Higgs & SUSY searches Γ(Z invisible) Meson-Antimeson Mixing B τν B s µµ BBN energy deposition for gravitinos Relic ν s & diffuse photon bounds No tachyons or color/charge breaking minima Stable vacua only 5
6 Let s investigate the other side of life: gravitino LSPs NOT generalized GMSB.. NO assumptions except that the gravitino is the LSP. Anybody can be the NLSP. BBN NLSPs in this scenario tend to be long lived & decays inject hadronic &/or EM energy, possibly disrupting BBN Lots of NEW code needed, e.g., generalize all NLSP/NNLSP decays to the case of arbitrary gravitino mass.. Existing codes inadequate! 6
7 Some New Features For non-g decays (e.g., for the NNLSP NLSP) add all 3-body sparticle decays not in SUSY-Hit via CalcHEP Add relevant 4 & 5-body decays for gluinos, t 1 & χ 1 ± NNLSPs can be detector stable For NLSP decays to G, add all 3- & 4-body modes w/ BBN relevant lifetimes (~10-4 to sec) via MadGraph Calculate NLSP density using Micromegas & rescale to the gravitino mass Use lifetime & BF info for NLSPs from modified SUSY-Hit & check the constraints on EM or hadronic energy deposition during BBN Add constraints from the cosmo relic ν & diffuse photon fluxes 7
8 E.g., even if t 1 is the NNLSP it may STILL be detector stable 8
9 Some properties of the gravitino LSP models Stab. Part. searches BBN At first glance gravitino LSP models appear to be a bit different that the neutralino LSP ones A comparison is quite interesting. 9
10 χ 1 0 LSP 10
11 The likelihood of various NLSP identities is very strongly dependent on the LSP choice This can have a potentially large influence on LHC SUSY searches (apart from, e.g., additional cascades) 11
12 ATLAS MET 7 & 8 TeV The first step in exploring the parameter space of either pmssm model set is to apply the SUSY MET searches As is our tradition, we follow the ATLAS analysis suite as closely as possible & we began w/ the χ model set At ~1 fb -1 this is relatively straightforward as all the data & numerous benchmark model results exist that we can test/validate against. Only partial ~5 fb -1 results available. We combine the various analyses signal regions (as ATLAS does) into : nj0l, multi-j, nj1l, nj2l (+ multi-l & HF) and we quote the coverage for each as well as the combined result.. approach is CPU intensive 12
13 % models excluded 7 TeV ~1 fb -1 7 TeV ~5 fb -1 nj0l [5/11] 6.68% 23.23% multi-j [4/6] 0.36% 1.61% nj1l [8/3] 0.81% 2.64% nj2l [5] 0.16% 0.22% *** flavor+ml (in progress) (ditto) (sub)total 6.73% 23.28% nj0l is by far dominant in these searches *** In this case, we extrapolated to ~5 fb -1, since results have not yet been released. We assumed that the number of events observed equals the expected backgrounds & that the analysis cuts are exactly the same as at ~1 fb -1 Our analyses can be updated when more data is available 13
14 (Preliminary) Extrapolation to s = 8 TeV The extrapolation here is greater than for ~1 ~5 fb 7 TeV First pass: assume the cuts & analyses are as for 7 TeV & the number of observed events equals the expected backgrounds in each SR. However, we need to know the backgrounds for 8 TeV! Rescale ATLAS 7 TeV backgrounds? How? Use MC to determine the RATIOS of the expected backgrounds in each signal region at 7 & 8 TeV and use them as transfer factors When low statistics becomes an issue we closely follow ATLAS approach using the sideband ABCD method & then rescale the control regions Of course we still need to generate the relevant SM MC backgrounds 14
15 SM Background s=7 & 8 TeV Z/W ± + (0-4) j WW/ZZ + (0-2)j tt-bar + (0-2)j single t +(0-2)j QCD up to 6 jets ME + PS, weighted evts ~ 1 TB w/ Sherpa 15
16 Not too surprisingly, the gain in pmssm coverage going to 8 TeV is substantial due to the increases in σ s. nj0l continues to dominate : 8 TeV 5 fb -1 8 TeV 20 fb -1 nj0l ** 32.70% 45.11% multi-j ** 6.26% 7.35% nj1l ** 1.41% 1.53% nj2l % 0.38% flavor+ml (in progress) (ditto) (sub)total 32.75% 45.13% ** extrapolated from ~5 fb -1 analysis ++ extrapolated from ~1 fb -1 analysis s=13-14tev is needed for more complete coverage 16
17 How does the pmssm respond to negative searches? gluino Note that colored sparticles get heavier, i.e., the distributions peak at higher masses as the searches progress but color singlets distributions are just rescaled downward Lightest squark Lightest slepton 17
18 B s µµ LHC 6/7/12 Impressive! The LHC result removes a total of 6035 (7147) models in the neutralino (G) LSP model set The soon to be expected observation of this mode will have a very substantial impact non-met searches REALLY ARE important! 18
19 Impact of A,H ττ Searches CMS 4.6 fb -1 χ LSP Old CMS tan β ATLAS M A As in the case of B s µµ, improvement in non-met searches impact the pmssm analyses 160(164) models removed from the χ (G) LSP set 19
20 Impact of LHC SM Higgs Searches BEHGHK..or what will a Higgs at ~125 GeV tell us 20
21 Generally living up to ~SM expectations.. so far..(but tomorrow?) 21
22 Distribution of Predicted Higgs Masses R γγ χ 1 0 LSP : 19.4 % G LSP : 9.0 % Region of interest 4.5% χ 1 0 LSP Light Higgs Mass (GeV) 0.5% G LSP R XX = σ(gg h) B(h XX) pmssm/sm The two different model sets lead to qualitatively similar yet quantitatively very different predictions 22
23 Special parameter regions needed for the125 GeV Higgs χ 1 0 LSP G LSP 23
24 χ 1 0 LSP R γγ R ZZ R VBF R ττ R γz 24
25 χ 1 0 LSP Very Highly Correlated! Z VBF τ γz b 25
26 Why the correlations & why is b different? Actually (almost) all of the partial Γ s are very close to their SM values due to decoupling, i.e., for both LSP model sets we get highly peaked Γ / Γ SM distributions (here for the neutralino model set) W γ g τ 26
27 However, for h bb things are quite different Large hbb coupling loop corrections decouple very slowly especially if there is large sbottom mixing (Haber etal.) These leads to a significant Higgs width increase/decrease since it is the dominant decay mode χ 1 0 LSP 27
28 χ 1 0 LSP G LSP 28
29 Fine-tuning in the pmssm m h = GeV in the MSSM requires large stop masses and/or mixings which then significant FT expected To quantify FT we ask how the value of M Z depends upon any of the 19 parameters, { p i }, up to (in some cases) the 2-loop, NLL level (c/o Martin & Vaughn). We follow the FT approach of Ellis et.al. + Barbieri & Giudice : A i = ln M Z 2 / ln p i, = max {A i } Specifically we ask for the number of models with less than a specific value 29
30 Fine-tuning in the pmssm All G LSP χ 1 0 LSP m h = GeV A t, M Qu3 = 4 TeV Hence, as expected, the large Higgs mass cut removes many of the models with the lowest FT values 30
31 Dominant FT Contributors G LSP χ 1 0 LSP before before after after 31
32 Fractional Contribution to FT χ 1 0 LSP before G LSP before after after 32
33 NB: Requiring Higgs masses of 125±2 GeV, FT < 100 & the passing all (stable sparticle) LHC searches only 13(1) of the χ(g) LSP models survive out of the original ~230k! Some Common Model Properties : Gluinos & 1 st /2 nd gen. squarks all lie above 1.25 TeV Only wino/higgsino LSPs appear w/ a chargino below 270 GeV in all cases. Binos are all above 1.3 TeV (But in models w/ slightly more FT could also have a bino below the stop..but not as LSP.) There is always significant wino-higgsino mixing Lightest stop (sbottom) between 320 & 1120 (400 & 1700)GeV. Sbottom is sometimes lighter than stop. Sleptons all over the place but mostly ~ 1 TeV M A > 460 GeV, tan β >13.5 For a 125 GeV Higgs FT mostly driven almost entirely by µ & A t 33
34 The Better Models & Their Natures 34
35 t 1 (318) An Example : # w/ FT=56.3 Light Stop Decays t 8 b 24 χ 2 + (258) W t 25 b 43 χ 2 0 (142) χ 1 + (114) χ 1 0 (108) 23 W* 100 Z, h 29, 10 W 59 W* Z* γ 38 37,4 35
36 Light Sbottom Decays b 1 (400) W 0.3 b 15 b 10 t 1 (318) χ 3 0 (258) Z b 19 t 56 χ 2 0 (142) χ 1 - (114) 10 W* Z, h 3,6 W 82 W* 59 Z* γ χ 1 0 (108) ,4 (w/ these BFs the ATLAS 2b-jet + MET search would exclude this b 1 below ~240 GeV) 36
37 An Example : #146314G w/ FT=95.9 t 1 (669) Light Stop Decays b 3 t 22 χ 2 + (620) W b 23 t 52 χ 2 0 (399) χ 1 0 (384) 23 W* Z, h 26, 24 W 21 W* 78 Z* γ 16,6 χ 1 + (381) 100 W G 37
38 Detector Stable Charginos Searches for stable and/or long-lived sparticles can be quite powerful for both χ 1 0 or G LSP sets E.g., detector-stable charginos are quite common in χ 1 0 LSP models & extend out to large masses : 2/11/12 Log σ (fb) ~10.8k!?? Many excluded! 38
39 3581 (!!) models (conservatively) are removed by stable particle searches w/ ~ 5 fb 7 TeV σ (fb) X If CMS were to extends the curve to 600 GeV an additional ~1.4k models are also excluded 39
40 Gravitino LSP scenarios produce many models with detector-stable charged/colored sparticles over a very wide range of masses & species. This will be a powerful means of probing models. Specialized searches are required in many cases & to cover decays inside the detector (not shown here). This is work that is now in progress. 40
41 Summary & Conclusions The pmssm with either neutralino or gravitino LSPs shows a wide range of very interesting properties. The gravitino case has not been explored until now & may yield some unexpected results LHC searches, both with & w/o MET, are cutting into these two model parameter spaces Going to 8 TeV will be a significant step in model coverage Higgs results will play a critical role in all future studies Low FT models have similar features & could be tough to find We look forward to more 8 TeV results! 41
42 42
43 BACKUPS 43
44 44
45 45
46 FT Gluino Mass Constraint For large t β 2 >> 1 & with (y b /t β y t ) 2 << 1 we get 1.16 M 3 (2M 3 - A t ) / TeV 2 < ~56 since M 3, A t < 4 TeV 46
47 Backing off to FT=120, what do we learn? 5 G models Those gravitino LSP models have winos & Higgsino below the stop w/ the NLSP being the lightest neutralino or chargino quite similar to the neutralino cases. 50 χ models of which 33 survive the 7 TeV ATLAS searches ~10% of these models have all the EWK-inos below the stop/sbottom the heaviest EWK-ino is the bino. These results further verify the patterns seen in the original 13 models 47
48 48
49 χ 1 0 LSP DM Observables 49
50 Impact of A,H ττ Searches CMS 4.6 fb -1 G LSP Old CMS tan β ATLAS M A 50
51 The 19(20) Parameter pmssm 10 sfermion masses: m Q1, m Q3, m u1, m d1, m u3, m d3, m L1, m L3, m e1, m e3 3 gaugino masses: M 1, M 2, M 3 3 tri-linear couplings: A b, A t, A τ 3 Higgs/Higgsino: μ, M A, tanβ (+ 1 gravitino mass : m 3/2 ) 51
52 Sample constraints from BBN and diffuse γ s for different hadronic branching fractions of the NLSP Shaded areas show where our gravitino models live We follow : Jedamzik; Kusakabe et al.; Kanazaki et al.; Kribs and Rothstein;.. 52
53 Electroweak Content of χ 1 0 With most of the neutralino parameters ~ 1 TeV the mass & electroweak eigenstates are generally quite close! 53
54 G LSP R γγ R ZZ R VBF R ττ R γz 54
55 G LSP Very Highly Correlated! Z VBF τ b γz 55
56 FT vs. Higgs mass distributions for both model sets χ 1 0 LSP G LSP M h M h As is well-known, FT prefers lighter Higgs masses. Overall the G LSP models, on average, have slightly more FT than do χ LSP models. 56
57 The Better Models & Their Natures II 57
58 The mass spectra of the MSSM fields are (indirectly) influenced by the nature of the LSP, i.e., the fact that G can be VERY light whereas χ 1 0 must be > ~ 10 s of GeV in the scan.. E.g., since the lightest neutralino is at best the NLSP in the G scan, its mass distribution must now extend to larger values Other sparticle masses are less influenced due to scan ranges χ 1 0 Mass χ 1 0 LSP G LSP χ 1 ± Mass 58
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