Triggering on Long-lived neutral particles in ATLAS
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1 Triggering on Long-lived neutral particles in ATLAS Our theoretical friends tell us that many extensions of the Standard Model that address the hierarchy problem contain new sectors These new sectors decouple from our sector at low energies but may be accessible at LHC energies The coupling to our sector can be via a communicator particle that provides a portal to the Hidden Sector Most of these models can result in particles with life times comparable with LHC detector dimensions Have non SM topologies that challenge standard triggers Need Signature Driven Triggers, see ATL-PHYS-PUB for details of this work 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 1
2 Hidden Valley Scenario Hidden Valley scenario useful for exploring trigger challenges Our Bench Mark Process (1,2) : h π v π v bbbb Π v a pseudo-scalar, neutral under SM and long-lived -results in highly-displaced b-jet vertices Branching fraction for light Higgs could be large Unique signature with no SM back ground make this a potential early discovery channel Work done in collaboration with Matt Strassler 1 M. Strassler and K.M. Zurek Phys. Lett. B651, 374 (2007) 2 M. Strassler Possible Effects of a Hidden Valley on Supersymmetric Phenomenology arxivhep-ph v1 3 M. Strassler ands K. Zurek Phys. Lett B661 (2008) 4 M. StrasslerarXiv: (January 2008) Why Unparticle Models with Mass Gaps are Examples of Hidden Valleys Other models with Higgs to long-lived scalars S. Chang, D. Fox, N. Weiner, arxiv:hep-ph/ L. Carpenter, D Kaplan, Rhee arxiv:hep-ph/ July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 2
3 Sample used for trigger studies Used two samples to develop trigger strategies Sample with only signal (gluon fusion) Signal with Pileup Pileup simulated for L = cm -2 s -1 Have 4.1 collisions per crossing Used 450 ns bunch spacing PYTHIA simulation E cm = 10 TeV m h = 140 GeV m πv = 40 GeV cτ =1500 mm - arbitrary 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 3
4 Higgs Decaying to long-lived pair of π v s One π v decay in Muon System (A) and the other π v decay in the Hadron Calorimeter (B) PYTHIA Rome Display Reconstructed event - ATLANTIS display 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 4
5 ATLAS Triggers Three Levels (Level 1, Level 2 and Event Filter, EF) L2 and EF form the High Level Trigger, HLT L1 is a hardware trigger (custom made electronics) Level 1 Reduced-granularity from muon trigger chambers and all calorimeter sub-systems Identifies Regions of Interest (RoI s) for processing at L2 No Tracking Level 2 Seeded by RoI s from L1 with full granularity in the RoI All tracking requires a connection to the IP Only one muon reconstructed for each muon RoI 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 5
6 Standard ATLAS Triggers Standard ATLAS Level 2 triggers assume that all tracks originate at the interaction point (IP centric) Neutral particles that decay far from the IP Muon tracks identified at Level 1 by the muon spectrometer trigger have no tracks in the inner tracker and fail the standard muon Level 2 trigger Jets from late decays do not have normal energy deposition and in many cases of interest the jet energy is not very high Decays in different parts of the detector require different strategies (four regions) Decays from end of Hcal to first Muon trigger plane Decays in the Calorimeters Decays in inner detector beyond pixel layers to end of TRT Decays in the beam pipe and pixel layers 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 6
7 Decay Signatures PYTHIA Decays in or beyond ECAL gives E HAD /E EM ratio larger than observed for jets originating at IP L2 Trigger Object Decays near end of HCAL & before 1 st muon trigger plane give hadron clusters in small R(η,φ) region of muon spectrometer and L1 muon trigger returns multiple RoIs in this small R region L2 Trigger Object 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 7
8 Decays in Muon Spectrometer Decays in the muon system have a large number of charged tracks in the muon system Multi muon RoI s 7m 4m HCAL ECAL Very little energy in the calorimeter Trigger Object: Muon R0I cluster in a narrow cone with little or no activity in Calorimeters 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 8
9 Decays in Muon Spectrometer L1 End of HCAL Average number of L1 muon RoI s in a cone of ΔR = 0.4 centered on the π v line of flight vs. π v radial decay distance Little to no energy in calorimeters Between Hcal (4 m) and muon first trigger plane (7 m) these events have greater than 3 L1 muon RoI s in a narrow (η,φ) cone 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 9
10 Decays in Muon Spectrometer L2 The Level 2 trigger we use is based on the key signatures Require a cluster of 3 or more L1 RoI s in a cone of ΔR = 0.4 No jets in a cone of ΔR = 0.7 centered on muon RoI cluster No inner detector track in (Δη,Δφ) region of (0.2x0.2) Efficiency greater than 70% in barrel muon system Endcap efficiency still high (25%) pileup fails isolation η <1 Mu RoI Barrel Mu RoI endcap 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 10
11 Decays in Hadronic Calorimeter Large energy deposition in HCAL Little or no energy in ECAL Jets with no tracks reconstructed in ID with p T > 1 GeV Large amount of energy in Hcal 4 m HCAL 2 m ECAL 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 11
12 Decays in Hadronic Calorimeter Decays in Hcal result in very narrow jets Energy in a narrow (η,φ) cone of ΔR=0.1 where standard jet from IP has 0.4 cone Narrow jet makes it possible to use a Level 1 τ-trigger to select these decays 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 12
13 Decays in Hadronic Calorimeter Jets that come from decays in the inner detector have the standard ATLAS Log 10 (E HAD /E EM ) ~ -1 Jets from the decay of π v s in the Hcal have Log 10 (E HAD /E EM ) ~ July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 13
14 Decays in Hadronic Calorimeter L2 Decays in the Hadron Calorimeter Level 2 trigger Log 10 (E HAD /E EM ) > 1 No inner detector tracks in region around jet direction Efficiency in barrel Hcal > 60% and about 35% in endcap Hcal η < July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 14
15 Decays in the Inner Tracker Low energy jet in the inner tracker with no track connecting to IP Trackless jet signature as a trigger object Need to require a muon in the jet cone to reduce QCD background Requiring muon reduces efficiency (requires semi-leptonic decay) Most difficult trigger for ATLAS at present PYTHIA RESULTS ATLAS OUTPUT 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 15
16 Efficiency for decays in Inner Detector Low absolute efficiency result of requiring the muon Working on several approaches to define a more efficient trigger (exploring backtracking and jet substructure in the Ecal) 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 16
17 Trigger efficiency vs. π v proper lifetime Error band based on statistics in efficiency plots Left scale shows fraction of events selected by our triggers Right scale shows events for 100 pb -1 assuming 100% branching ratio of Higgs to π v π v We have defined signature driven triggers to select LLP decays and installed them in the start-up trigger menu These triggers offer the possibility for early discovery of new physics 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 17
18 Long-lived neutrals decaying to low mass Lepton pairs We are currently investigating decays to low mass lepton and pion pairs Suggested by recent models of dark matter: Arkani-Hamed et al., arxiv: and arxiv: and Hidden Valley scenario, Strassler and Zurek, Phys. Lett. B651 (2007) 374) See also Seattle long-lived particle workshop: Looking at cascade decay to low mass bosons (U) The Hidden Valley triggers appear to be very efficient for selecting these decays in the ATLAS sub detectors l = e, μ, π in varying proportions 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 18
19 Backup 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 19
20 Background studies: L=10 32 cm -2 s -1 10TeV QCD di-jet sample for energy of the leading jet GeV (σ ~56μb) 300K events Energy of leading jet GeV in parenthesis 200K events Minimum bias samples RATES 10TeV LVL2 trigger events rate (Hz) muon cluster (0.03) ID-Jet + muon (0.1) EHAD/EEM (0.01) 10TeV minimum bias sample (~3M evts) (σ ~ 65mb) no events passing the triggers but this corresponds to less than second of operation at L=10 32 cm -2 s July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 20
21 Efficiency vs. Decay Point Mu RoI Barrel Mu RoI endcap IT jet trigger Cal energy ratio barrel Cal energy ratio endcap 17 July 2009 SLAC in the LHC Era Workshop Henry Lubatti 21
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