Fluid Mechanics. Course guide HWM dr.ir. A.J.F. Hoitink dr.ir. A.F. Moene ir. B. Vermeulen M.G. Sassi, MSc

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1 Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group Fluid Mechanics Course guide HWM dr.ir. A.J.F. Hoitink dr.ir. A.F. Moene ir. B. Vermeulen M.G. Sassi, MSc Januari 2012

2 Chair Group Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Course Guide Fluid Mechanics Dr. Ir. A.J.F. Hoitink Dr. Ir. A.F. Moene Ir. B. Vermeulen M.G. Sassi, MSc January 2012 HWM Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 1

3 a. Name and code of the course HWM Fluid Mechanics b. Contact person Dr. ir. A.J.F. Hoitink Lecturers Dr. ir. A.J.F. Hoitink Dr. ir. A.F. Moene Ir. B. Vermeulen M.G. Sassi, MSc Eaminer Dr. ir. A.J.F. Hoitink c. Language of instruction and eamination English d. Assumed or prerequisite knowledge The course Fluid Mechanics builds upon high school level mechanics, and on physics and mathematics obtained in the first two years of the BSc curriculum Soil, Water, Atmosphere. Assumed knowledge includes the courses BIP 10306, Introductory Physics, AEW 21306, Soil and Water II, MAT 23306, Multivariate Mathematics Applied. Material of these courses can be obtained from the WUR Bookshop. Students who are insecure if their knowledge is sufficient to start the course are referred to the book Engineering Mechanics Statics by J.L. Meriam and L.G. Kraige, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Continuation courses: The course offers a general introduction to fluid mechanics, but has an emphasis on applications in environmental fluid mechanics, hydrology and meteorology. Continuation courses include HWM 30306, River Flow and Morphology (previously: Advanced Environmental Hydraulics), HWM 32806, Hydrological Processes in Catchments, MAQ 32306, Boundary Layer Processes and MAQ 32806, Atmospheric Dynamics. e. Profile of the course The course has been developed especially for 3 rd year students of BSc Soil, Water, Atmosphere (BBW). The course can also be beneficial for 3 rd year BSc and 1 st year MSc students of the following programmes: (i) International Land and Water Management (BIL, MIL), (ii) Environmental Sciences (BMW, MES), (iii) Climate Studies (MCL), (iv) Animal Sciences (BDW, MAS) and (v) Aquaculture and Marine Resources (MAM). The course eplains the mechanisms underlying flow processes operating on Earth, which govern structures and patterns characterizing the landscape. Fundamental laws of conservation are discussed, which govern flow in the atmospheric boundary layer, in inland waters such as rivers and estuaries, and in the ocean. Students apply physical concepts and approaches that are used to describe and interpret flow phenomena occurring at and near the Earth's surface. Such phenomena are being illustrated and eplained both during lectures and in KvdL Laboratory for Water and Sediment Dynamics Research. Laboratory techniques and mathematical methods are introduced that Earth scientists commonly use to tackle problems of fluid mechanics. In the practical part of the course, procedural knowledge is being gained by processing and interpreting data. f. Learning outcomes After successful completion of the course students are epected to be able to: (i) solve problems in fluid mechanics by using an appropriate mass, momentum or energy balance, both in the contets of continuous fields and control volumes, Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 2

4 (ii) calculate hydrostatic and dynamic pressures and resultant forces on structures (iii) analyse the stability of a hydraulic structure by setting up a force balance or a balance of moments of force, (iv) analyze flows and flow fields both in a Lagrangian and an Eulerian framework (v) solve problems of steady flow in open channels and discharge measurement structures, applying the energy equation in hydraulics (vi) eplain the boundary layer approimation and the effect of separation and calculate various measures of boundary layer thickness for laminar boundary layers, (vii) calculate water levels and flow velocity in uniform open channel flow and also Couette flows, when cross sectional area, slope of the channel and roughness are known or can be measured (viii) calculate energy losses in closed pipe systems by applying friction coefficients and loss coefficients from literature (i) calculate the vorticity of a given velocity field and analyze the vorticity in idealized vortices: forced vorte, free vorte and Rankine vorte. g. Learning materials and resources The following material you will use at the course: (i) a copy of the book Fluid Mechanics by JA Liggett, (ii) an additional reader (iii) a guide to the practical part of the course. Each of the three items is available at the WUR Shop. Powerpoint presentations are made available through EDUWEB. h. Educational (= teaching and learning) activities The course includes the following educational activities: (i) lectures, (ii) practical assignments in the Kraijenhoff van de Leur Laboratory for Water and Sediment Dynamics Research and (iii) a series of seminars. Anne 1 shows the relation between the educational activities and the learning outcomes. Lectures: During the lectures, the content of the course will be introduced and illustrated, aiming to challenge and motivate the students, eplain the rationale behind the topics, discuss good and bad eamples of the application of the theory, and guide the students in the process of self studying the written material of the course. Practical assignments: The practical part of the course consists of carrying out a series of practical eperiments in the Kraijenhoff van de Leur Laboratory for Water and Sediment Dynamics Research, and working out the measurements. The aim of the practical part is to let the students learn by doing, offering eperimental proofs of especially the counter intuitive parts of the theory, provide illustrations of phenomena which are difficult to grasp from written material (such as a hydraulic jump), and give the students hands on eperience with eperiments in fluid mechanics, developing competences required for protocol based lab research. Seminars: Students are asked to provide the lecturers with questions about the content of the lectures, about the written material or about the worked eamples, either orally or via a personal . In the first part of the seminar, the lecturers discuss the questions raised by the students in a plenary session, keeping the person who asked the question anonymous. In the remainder of the Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 3

5 seminar, the lecturers discuss worked eamples on the blackboard. i. Eamination The mark for the course is based on written eamination of theory and the judgment of practical assignments. In a non compulsory mid term eam, 50% of the theory is eamined. The final eam is divided in two parts. The first part may be skipped if the mark for the mid term eam is 5.0 or higher, which is then the mark for part 1. The second part of the final eam is made by all attendees. The final mark will be determined according to 2.5 : 2.5 : 1 for parts 1 and 2 of the final eam and the practical assignments, respectively. Anne 2 offers a more elaborate view on the assessment strategy. j. The principal themes of the contents The course focuses on the fluid flows of water as well as air and the associated static and dynamical forces. The three most important conservation laws are being discussed: conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. The subjects of circulation and vorticity are being treated in detail. The basic differences between water (incompressible) and air (semiincompressible) and their consequences on the fluid flow characteristics are being eplained. The course offers an elaborate introduction to kinematics, dimensional analysis, laminar flow, boundary layer theory and open channel hydraulics. The theory will be applied to natural and manmade systems, e.g. atmospheric and open channel flows, flow in closed conduits and discharge measurement structures. The course will provide an elaborate introduction to eight principal themes: 1. kinematics 2. conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy 3. dimensional analysis and similitude 4. hydrostatics 5. laminar flow 6. energy equation in hydraulics 7. shallow water flow 8. rotation and vorticity Each of the principal themes of the course has an equal weight. k. Outline and schedule of the programme of the course Anne 3 provides the timetable of the course Fluid Mechanics. It gives the planning of the lectures, the seminars and the practical assignments. Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 4

6 Anne 1 Contribution of educational activities to the learning outcomes Learning outcome Educational activity solve problems in fluid mechanics by using an appropriate mass, momentum or energy balance calculate hydrostatic and dynamic pressures and resultant forces on structures analyze the stability of a hydraulic structure by setting up a force balance or a balance of moments of force analyze flows and flow fields both in a Lagrangian and an Eulerian framework solve problems of steady flow in open channels and discharge measurement structures, applying the energy equation in hydraulics eplain the boundary layer approimation and the effect of separation and calculate various measures of boundary layer thickness for laminar boundary layers calculate water levels and flow velocity in uniform open channel flow and also Couette flows calculate energy losses in closed pipe systems by applying friction coefficients and loss coefficients from literature calculate the vorticity of a given velocity field and analyze the vorticity in idealized vortices: forced vorte, free vorte and Rankine vorte. Lectures Seminars Practical assignments Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 5

7 Anne 2 Assessment Strategy Learning outcomes List of learning outcomes Where assessed A. Mid term eam B. Practical assignments C. Final eam solve problems in fluid mechanics by using an appropriate mass, momentum or energy balance calculate hydrostatic and dynamic pressures and resultant forces on structures analyze the stability of a hydraulic structure by setting up a force balance or a balance of moments of force analyze flows and flow fields both in a Lagrangian and an Eulerian framework solve problems of steady flow in open channels and discharge measurement structures, applying the energy equation in hydraulics eplain the boundary layer approimation and the effect of separation and calculate various measures of boundary layer thickness for laminar boundary layers calculate water levels and flow velocity in uniform open channel flow and also Couette flows calculate energy losses in closed pipe systems by applying friction coefficients and loss coefficients from literature calculate the vorticity of a given velocity field and analyze the vorticity in idealized vortices: forced vorte, free vorte and Rankine vorte. Contribution to the final mark 5/12 (or 0/12) 2/12 5/12 (or 10/12) The mid term eam is non compulsory, and eamines the same material as that first part of the final eam. The first part of the final eam may be skipped if the mark for the mid term eam is 5.0 or higher. Assessment When Who A. Mid term eam Week 4 A.J.F. Hoitink and A.F. Moene B. Practical assignments Week 8 B. Vermeulen and M.G. Sassi C. Final eam Week 8 A.J.F. Hoitink and A.F. Moene Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 6

8 During the first lecture, the students are informed about the assessment strategy. The non compulsory mid term eam by the end of the fourth week has been introduced to stimulate the students to start studying right from the start of the course. It is a two hour eam during which 4 of the 8 principal themes of the course are being eamined, each in a question that can be answered within 30 minutes. During the first seminar after the mid term eam, the lecturers discuss the answers to the eam questions in a plenary session. The final eam lasts 3 hours, and eamines 6 of the 8 principal themes, from which 3 coincide with the themes eamined during the mid term eam. The latter may be skipped if the student has passed the mid term eam with a 5.0 or higher. The practical assignments start in the third week of the course, when one of the two plenary meetings is scheduled during which the students receive information about the eperiments. The students receive a guide with an introduction to the eperiments, and a step by step procedure that should be followed, per eperiment. The students fill out forms for each of the eperiments, completing tables, graphs and answering questions posed in the practical guide. To be able to fill out the forms based on the eperimental results, the students need to use the book and the additional reader, which contain the theoretical background. The eperiments are carried out in groups of three or four, but each student fills out the forms individually. After the last eperiment, the student hands in the completed practical guide, which is then being eamined. If the student does not pass the course after the final eam, the result of the mid term eam will become invalid, and the student needs to take the full re eam. A positive assessment of the practical assignments will remain valid for 6 academic years. Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 7

9 Anne 3 Time table Fluid Mechanics Week Day Lecturer Topic Content 1 Monday Moene Introduction Ligget ; A1 4 Wednesday Moene Tensors; mass and momentum Ligget ; A1 6,A8 Thursday Moene Stress, strain and energy Ligget ; A7 Friday Moene Seminar I Quest. Liggett Monday Hoitink Dimensional Analysis Ligget Wednesday Hoitink Similitude Ligget Thursday Hoitink Fluid statics Reader H1 Friday Hoitink Seminar II Quest. Liggett H2 / Reader H1 3 Monday Hoitink Energy in hydraulics I Reader H2 Tuesday Vermeulen Eplanation practicals Wednesday Hoitink Energy in hydraulics II Reader H3 Thursday Hoitink Seminar III Questions H2/H3 Add Reader Friday Moene Vorticity and Bernoulli Ligget Monday Moene Seminar IV Quest. Liggett Tuesday Vermeulen Eplanation practicals Wednesday Moene Laminar flow I Ligget Thursday Vermeulen Mid term eam H1, H2 Ligget + Reader H1 Friday Moene Laminar flow II Ligget Monday Moene Seminar V Questions Liggett H6 Wednesday Hoitink Open channel flow Reader H4 Friday Hoitink Seminar VI Integrated questions hydraulics 6 Monday Moene Circulation Ligget Wednesday Moene Seminar VII Quest. H9 Liggett 7 Wednesday Moene/Hoitink Sample eam 9 Moene/Hoitink Final Eam The schedule above includes lectures and seminars, which last 2 lecture hours each. The laboratory eperiments, supervised by B. Vermeulen and M.G. Sassi, are scheduled in the remainder of time available within the time slots allotted to the course. All students will conduct 3 eperiments, scheduled in 2 lecture hours per eperiment. Typically, the practical work can be scheduled in weeks 3 through 6 for all groups. In case of a number of participants eceeding 40, several groups may be asked to do the final eperiment in week 7, because of the limited capacity of the laboratory. Study Guide Fluid Mechanics (HWM 23806) 8

Process Fluid Mechanics

Process Fluid Mechanics CENG 2220 Instructor: Francesco Ciucci, Room 2577A (Lift 27-29), Tel: 2358 7187, email: francesco.ciucci@ust.hk. Office Hours: Tuesday 17:00-18:00 or by email appointment Teaching