Raman Amplification for Telecom Optical Networks. Dominique Bayart Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs France, Research Center of Villarceaux

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Raman Amplification for Telecom Optical Networks. Dominique Bayart Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs France, Research Center of Villarceaux"

Transcription

1 Raman Amplification for Telecom Optical Networks Dominique Bayart Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs France, Research Center of Villarceaux Training day project Cork, June 20th 2008

2 Outline of the talk Raman interaction of Light with the glass Spectral and power characteristics Noise performance and limitations (Rayleigh, noise transfer) System implementation Lumped Raman amplifiers

3 Raman amplification : Principle G Pump Signal ( = f pump 13 THz ) db ON / OFF = 10 ln 10 Vibrational excitation O O eff Effect happens for any pump frequency, polarization dependent Instantaneous effect (not the travel time of the pump along the fiber!) Peak Raman shift = 13 THz (glass phonon energy) Top width = 2.5 THz, can be broadened with multi λ pumping Long interaction fibers Confinement Attenuation at the pump wavelength is paramount g A r Si 1 e α α L p p P p Signal O n / o f f G a i n (d B ) Mea sured g a in curve : 1 p 1487 nm DSF fiber nm A eff is the Raman effective area of the fiber L eff : Effective length of the fiber expressed as : L eff = 1 α ρ

4 Distributed Raman Preamplification 0 Line fiber WDM Pump Signal (db) with Raman On/off gain 25 Di stan ce (k m ) without Raman Preamplification (backward pumping : weak gain saturation) Increase of the signal powers at the EDFA input (improved signal to noise ratio)

5 Pump wavelength combination On / off Ga in (d B) O n / off G a i n (d B) 12,05 12,00 11,95 11,90 11,85 Ca lcul ated ga in cur ve : 20 pum ps Equalization over 60 nm nm n m 2 or 3 wavelengths enough for a 1 db equalization over the C band 3 to 4 over the C+L band Semiconductor pumps need polarization multiplexing or depolarization using PANDA fiber at 45 deg.

6 Fiber efficiency per unit length and per W of pump 1486 nm pumping Raman efficiency C R (W 1.km 1 ) 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 C R = 0.23 G on/off / (P p.l eff_p ) 13.3 THz peak (W 1.km 1 ) NZDSF+ NZDSF TeraLight SMF PSCF C R Max Frequency Shift (THz) PSCF : Pure Silica Core Fiber

7 Normalized Gain Spectra CURVES NORMALISED RELATIVE TO 13.3 THz PEAK n m p um p 1400 n m p um p PSCF 1 0,8 0,8 0,6 0,4 PSCF 0,6 0,4 0,2 0, Fr equency Shift (THz) PSCF Fr equency Shift (THz) 0 Boson peak relative intensity higher with SiO 2 than with GeO THz peak : Ge dependent, extends up to > 20 THz Sharp 14.5 THz and 18 THz peaks specific to SiO 2

8 Fiber efficiency is pump wavelength dependent Raman efficiency C R (W 1.km 1 ) 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0, nm PUMP ,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 Frequency Shift (THz) nm PUMP NZDSF NZDSF+ TeraLight PSCF SMF + 37 % + 21 % + 46 % + 26 % + 20 % Pump/signal/core overlap

9 Effect of interchannel Raman depletion Input fiber 10 dbm /channel (linear regime) 0.7 db #1 100 km Tx Rx 5.6 dbm /ch. 2.3 db #32

10 Small frequency shift energy transfers Raman efficiency (W 1.km 1 ) 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 17 C band L band nm PUMP NZDSF+ NZDSF TeraLight SMF PSCF Frequency shift (THz) Wavelength (nm)

11 Noise figure for Distributed Raman Preamplification Line Fiber WDM B P u m p Intrinsic noise parameter = 3dB (quantum limit) Equivalent noise figure = the noise figure of an EDFA located in B point and providing with the Raman ON/OFF gain Equivalent noise figures can be equal or lower than 0 db

12 Double Rayleigh Scattering Ps (z) r.ps(z 0 L P DRS (L) ) Signal (neglecting the DRS term): Simple Rayleigh scattered signal: Double Rayleigh scattered signal: P ( z ) = P ( 0 ). G P P S RS DRS ( y ) = S ( L ) = L y r. P ( z ). G L 0 S r. P net RS ( 0 z ) net ( y ). G ( y z ). dz net ( y L ). dy DRS noise to signal ratio at the end of the fibre: R DRS = P DRS (L)/P S (L)

13 Double Rayleigh Scattering (DRS) DRS is a delayed copy of the signal => beating noise at detection with the signal by quadratic detection: 2 ν RIN ( f ) R DRS 2 2 π ( f + ( ν ) ) Exists in all transmissions but is more penalizing with distributed Raman amplification: DRS is amplified during its double path Crucial issue: DRS impairment is a limit to high amounts of Raman gain ASE and DRS essentially differ by their spectral distribution: ASE is constant with wavelength in the range of the signal bandwidth DRS is a replica of the signal optical spectrum

14 Electrical measurement of DRS RIN (db/hz) Frequency (MHz) 24 db gain 16 db gain 10 db gain 8 db gain 6 db gain 4 db gain 2 db gain 0 db gain source

15 Signal ASE and signal DRS beat noises Reference case: NRZ, broad optical filtering General case: any format σ 2 sg ASE = 4 η 2 N sg pola r ASE P S B elec σ 2 sg ASE = k ASE. P ASE P S σ 2 sg DRS = 2 η 2 P sg polar DRS P S σ 2 sg DRS = k DRS. P DRS P S depend on: modulation format (signal pattern) optical and electrical filters at reception

16 Conclusion on Double Raleigh Scattering DRS is a major limitation of the maximum Raman gain that can be obtained in the line fiber Limits Raman advantage in backward pumping Max gain closed to 23 db For all Raman pumping of the line fiber Need for forward pumping See related issues (RIN, ) Or use of Raman pumping into the DCF Increases non linear effects in the DCF

17 Pump to signal RIN transfer Raman effect is very fast (femtosecond) Locally, the intensity fluctuations of the pump are totally transferred to the signal by gain (db) Effect averaged by counter propagation (backward pumping) only by chromatic dispersion for forward pumping

18 Transfer functions Assumptions: Distributed Raman amplification: long fiber (50 100km) Moderate Raman gain, moderate pump RIN No pump depletion G ON / OFF f RIN ( ) 20 log 10 log S f = RIN P / ln( 10 ) f c α P V S with f c = for backward pumping 4 π α P and f c = for forwa rd pumping π V S V P 2 Reference: C. R. S. Fludger and al., Electron. Lett., 2001, 37, (1), pp

19 Transfer functions With: RIN P = 120dB/Hz Gonoff =10dB α P =0.25 db λ P =1450nm λ S =1550nm log(Gonoff/ 4.34) RIN (d B/ Hz) Signal RIN with backward pumping (f c =900 Hz) Pump RIN Signal RIN with forward pumping SMF (f c =6 MHz) Teralight (f c =18 MHz) may happen with TW and LEAF k Hz 7 GHz 1E+ 0 1E+ 3 1E+ 6 1E+ 9 1E+ 12 Frequency (Hz)

20 Raman amplification : Implementation Q 40Gb/s Q Q 40Gb/s Q #1 #63 #2 #64 #65 #127 #66 #128 1x 32 1x 32 1x 32 1x 32 M Z M Z M Z M Z DCF PBS PBSDCF C L 100 km NZDSF C DCF 4 pumps (distributed Raman ampli.) L DCF C L Rx Use of wavelength multiplexed Raman pumps x 3 Efficiency depends on fiber type and characteristics

21 Stimulated Raman Scattering Pumps OFF 5 In span Out span P (dbm) Pre tilt 3dB Intraband tilt compensated but C to L energy transfer Pumps ON Wavelength (nm) 23 THz Out span 8 13 Raman gain 12dB C band 10dB L band

22 All Raman pumping schemes DRA in the link: 31dB on off Raman gain in the link fiber MUX TAP DCF MUX Raman pump Raman pump DRA in the link & DCF: 21.5dB on off Raman gain in the link fiber MUX TAP 3dB net gain in the DCF DCF (11dB on off gain) MUX TAP MUX Raman pump Raman pump Raman pump

23 Criteria for performance assessment (ULH) Final impairment of the amplifier on the system: Generation of noise Non linear phase 1 5 C noise = N ASE B elec + *. R 2 9 C phase = γ L 0 G Net ( z ) dz DRS P in Achievable distance is proportional to ( C noise C Parameter C = C noise.c phase (the smaller the better) Co pumping issues to be accounted aside phase ) 1 / 2

24 All Raman transmission of 6 Tbit/s over 6120 km Tx 149x43Gbit/s Rx Lumped Raman amp. C Polarization scrambler L 12 = 6120km Dyn. Gain Equalizer Dyn. Gain Equalizer C L Lumped Raman amp. Link fiber +D +D D GFF x3 GFF GFF GFF All Raman amplification (First+Second order)

25 Experimental results with all Raman amplification Spectrum after 6,120km with 149 DPSK channels C band L band Power 10dB/div Wavelength (nm) In C band: more odd than even channels Gain excursion close to 10 db after 6120km OSNR_0.1nm > 16.9dB in L band OSNR_0.1nm > 14.6 db in C band

26 Lumped Raman Amplifier Internal Gain (db) db/ div In terna l N oise Fi gure (db) Internal Output Power (dbm) 1580 nm 1590 nm 1600 nm Internal Output Power (dbm) Use of a specific Raman fiber e.g. Photonic Crystal Fiber On demand gain bandwidth and location First stage Second stage Pump input Output pump Weaker sensitivity to signal gain saturation compared to EDFAs Robust noise figure in high power input signal regime

27 Bibliography «Erbium doped fiber amplifier, Principles and Applications» Emmanuel Desurvire, Wiley (1994), New York «Erbium doped fiber amplifier, Device and System Developments», Emmanuel Desurvire, Dominique Bayart, Bertrand Desthieux, Sébastien Bigo, Wiley (2002), New York «Undersea Fiber Communications Systems» José Chesnoy Ed., Elsevier, San Diego (2002) Chap. 4, Optical Amplification, Dominique Bayart

Nonlinear effects in optical fibers - v1. Miguel A. Muriel UPM-ETSIT-MUIT-CFOP

Nonlinear effects in optical fibers - v1. Miguel A. Muriel UPM-ETSIT-MUIT-CFOP Nonlinear effects in optical fibers - v1 Miguel A. Muriel UPM-ETSIT-MUIT-CFOP Miguel A. Muriel-015/10-1 Nonlinear effects in optical fibers 1) Introduction ) Causes 3) Parameters 4) Fundamental processes

More information

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET Fiber Nonlinearities The response of any dielectric material to the light becomes nonlinear for intense electromagnetic

More information

Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Broadening in EDFA

Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Broadening in EDFA Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Broadening in EDFA Laurent Bigot, Stephan Guy, Bernard Jacquier, Anne Marie Jurdyc Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR du CNRS n 5620 Université

More information

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S-108.3110 1 Course program 1. Introduction and Optical Fibers 2. Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers 3. Fiber-Optic Components I 4. Transmitters and Receivers 5. Fiber-Optic Measurements

More information

Performance Limits of Delay Lines Based on "Slow" Light. Robert W. Boyd

Performance Limits of Delay Lines Based on Slow Light. Robert W. Boyd Performance Limits of Delay Lines Based on "Slow" Light Robert W. Boyd Institute of Optics and Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Rochester Representing the DARPA Slow-Light-in-Fibers Team:

More information

Chapter 5. Transmission System Engineering. Design the physical layer Allocate power margin for each impairment Make trade-off

Chapter 5. Transmission System Engineering. Design the physical layer Allocate power margin for each impairment Make trade-off Chapter 5 Transmission System Engineering Design the physical layer Allocate power margin for each impairment Make trade-off 1 5.1 System Model Only digital systems are considered Using NRZ codes BER is

More information

Propagation losses in optical fibers

Propagation losses in optical fibers Chapter Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers 1-Fev-017 Propagation losses in optical fibers Charles Kao, Nobel Laureate (009) Courtesy of the Chinese University of Hong Kong S.O. Kasap, Optoelectronics

More information

Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) in Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs)

Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) in Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering (GAWBS) in Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) FRISNO-9 Dominique Elser 15/02/2007 GAWBS Theory Thermally excited acoustic fiber vibrations at certain resonance frequencies

More information

Optical amplifiers and their applications. Ref: Optical Fiber Communications by: G. Keiser; 3 rd edition

Optical amplifiers and their applications. Ref: Optical Fiber Communications by: G. Keiser; 3 rd edition Optical amplifiers and their applications Ref: Optical Fiber Communications by: G. Keiser; 3 rd edition Optical Amplifiers Two main classes of optical amplifiers include: Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

More information

David N Payne. Director ORC University of Southampton. Dedicated to: Townes Kao. Keck, Maurer and Schultz. First low loss fibre.

David N Payne. Director ORC University of Southampton. Dedicated to: Townes Kao. Keck, Maurer and Schultz. First low loss fibre. David N Payne Director ORC University of Southampton Dedicated to: Townes Kao Keck, Maurer and Schultz The Laser Optical Fibre First low loss fibre SRDE gives Contract to Electrosil (Corning UK Subsidiary)

More information

Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS

Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS Semiconductor Laser Diodes Chapter-4 Stimulated emission devices LASERS The Road Ahead Lasers Basic Principles Applications Gas Lasers Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductor Lasers in Optical Networks Improvement

More information

Nonlinear Fiber Optics and its Applications in Optical Signal Processing

Nonlinear Fiber Optics and its Applications in Optical Signal Processing 1/44 Nonlinear Fiber Optics and its Applications in Optical Signal Processing Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 c 2007 G. P. Agrawal Outline Introduction

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF THE 1050 NM PUMP POWER AND FIBER LENGTH IN SINGLE-PASS AND DOUBLE-PASS THULIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS

OPTIMIZATION OF THE 1050 NM PUMP POWER AND FIBER LENGTH IN SINGLE-PASS AND DOUBLE-PASS THULIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 14, 431 448, 29 OPTIMIZATION OF THE 15 NM PUMP POWER AND FIBER LENGTH IN SINGLE-PASS AND DOUBLE-PASS THULIUM DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS S. D. Emami and S. W. Harun

More information

Noise in Distributed Raman Amplification

Noise in Distributed Raman Amplification Invited Paper Noise in Distributed Raman Amplification Philippe Gallion a, JunHe Zhou a,b, ShiFeng Jiang a, JianPing Chen b, and Yves Jaouën a a Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, GET,

More information

Self-Phase Modulation in Optical Fiber Communications: Good or Bad?

Self-Phase Modulation in Optical Fiber Communications: Good or Bad? 1/100 Self-Phase Modulation in Optical Fiber Communications: Good or Bad? Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 c 2007 G. P. Agrawal Outline Historical Introduction

More information

Stimulated Emission. Electrons can absorb photons from medium. Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state

Stimulated Emission. Electrons can absorb photons from medium. Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state Lecture 15 Stimulated Emission Devices- Lasers Stimulated emission and light amplification Einstein coefficients Optical fiber amplifiers Gas laser and He-Ne Laser The output spectrum of a gas laser Laser

More information

System optimization of a long-range Brillouin-loss-based distributed fiber sensor

System optimization of a long-range Brillouin-loss-based distributed fiber sensor System optimization of a long-range Brillouin-loss-based distributed fiber sensor Yongkang Dong, 1,2 Liang Chen, 1 and Xiaoyi Bao 1, * 1 Fiber Optics Group, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa,

More information

PMD Compensator and PMD Emulator

PMD Compensator and PMD Emulator by Yu Mimura *, Kazuhiro Ikeda *, Tatsuya Hatano *, Takeshi Takagi *, Sugio Wako * and Hiroshi Matsuura * As a technology for increasing the capacity to meet the growing demand ABSTRACT for communications

More information

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626 OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Announcements Homework #4 is assigned, due March 25 th Start discussion

More information

Optical solitons and its applications

Optical solitons and its applications Physics 568 (Nonlinear optics) 04/30/007 Final report Optical solitons and its applications 04/30/007 1 1 Introduction to optical soliton. (temporal soliton) The optical pulses which propagate in the lossless

More information

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS L21-1 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS Free-Space Propagation: Similar to radiowaves (but more absorption by clouds, haze) Same expressions: antenna gain, effective area, power received Examples: TV controllers,

More information

Impact of Nonlinearities on Fiber Optic Communications

Impact of Nonlinearities on Fiber Optic Communications 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Review Impact of Nonlinearities on Fiber Optic Communications Mário Ferreira

More information

Dark Soliton Fiber Laser

Dark Soliton Fiber Laser Dark Soliton Fiber Laser H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang*, L. M. Zhao, and X. Wu School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 *: edytang@ntu.edu.sg, corresponding

More information

Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems

Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifiers for Lightwave Systems F. Yaman, Q. Lin, and Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 May 21, 2005 Abstract Fiber-optic parametric

More information

Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p.

Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p. Preface p. xiii Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p. 4 Dual-Beam Holographic Technique p. 5

More information

Impact of Dispersion Fluctuations on 40-Gb/s Dispersion-Managed Lightwave Systems

Impact of Dispersion Fluctuations on 40-Gb/s Dispersion-Managed Lightwave Systems 990 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 21, NO. 4, APRIL 2003 Impact of Dispersion Fluctuations on 40-Gb/s Dispersion-Managed Lightwave Systems Ekaterina Poutrina, Student Member, IEEE, Student Member,

More information

Optimization of Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers in uncompensated links designed for NyWDM transmission

Optimization of Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers in uncompensated links designed for NyWDM transmission Universidad de Valladolid Final Thesis Optimization of Hybrid Fiber Amplifiers in uncompensated links designed for NyWDM transmission Author: Carlos Gomez Tome Supervisors: Vittorio Curri Andrea Carena

More information

Project Number: IST Project Title: ATLAS Deliverable Type: PU*

Project Number: IST Project Title: ATLAS Deliverable Type: PU* Project Number: IST-1999-1066 Project Title: ATLAS Deliverable Type: PU* Deliverable Number: D11 Contractual Date of Delivery to the CEC: June 30, 001 Actual Date of Delivery to the CEC: July 4, 001 Title

More information

Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers

Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers NLO effects are manifested as attenuation, phase shifts, or wavelength conversion effects, and become stronger with increasing light intensity. The glass materials usually

More information

Temperature sensing in multiple zones based on Brillouin fiber ring laser

Temperature sensing in multiple zones based on Brillouin fiber ring laser Journal of Physics: Conference Series Temperature sensing in multiple zones based on Brillouin fiber ring laser To cite this article: C A Galindez et al 2009 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 178 012017 View the article

More information

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1

More information

Nonlinear effects and pulse propagation in PCFs

Nonlinear effects and pulse propagation in PCFs Nonlinear effects and pulse propagation in PCFs --Examples of nonlinear effects in small glass core photonic crystal fibers --Physics of nonlinear effects in fibers --Theoretical framework --Solitons and

More information

Polarization characteristics of a reflective erbium doped fiber amplifier with temperature changes at the Faraday rotator mirror

Polarization characteristics of a reflective erbium doped fiber amplifier with temperature changes at the Faraday rotator mirror Polarization characteristics of a reflective erbium doped fiber amplifier with temperature changes at the Faraday rotator mirror M. Angeles Quintela, José Miguel López-Higuera and César Jáuregui Grupo

More information

Lecture 4 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 4, Slide 1

Lecture 4 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 4, Slide 1 ecture 4 Dispersion in single-mode fibers Material dispersion Waveguide dispersion imitations from dispersion Propagation equations Gaussian pulse broadening Bit-rate limitations Fiber losses Fiber Optical

More information

Yolande Sikali 1,Yves Jaouën 2, Renaud Gabet 2, Xavier Pheron 3 Gautier Moreau 1, Frédéric Taillade 4

Yolande Sikali 1,Yves Jaouën 2, Renaud Gabet 2, Xavier Pheron 3 Gautier Moreau 1, Frédéric Taillade 4 Presented at the COMSOL Conference 2010 Paris Two-dimensional FEM Analysis of Brillouin Gain Spectra in Acoustic Guiding and Antiguiding Single Mode Optical Fibers Yolande Sikali 1,Yves Jaouën 2, Renaud

More information

Quantum Electronics Laser Physics. Chapter 5. The Laser Amplifier

Quantum Electronics Laser Physics. Chapter 5. The Laser Amplifier Quantum Electronics Laser Physics Chapter 5. The Laser Amplifier 1 The laser amplifier 5.1 Amplifier Gain 5.2 Amplifier Bandwidth 5.3 Amplifier Phase-Shift 5.4 Amplifier Power source and rate equations

More information

CROSS-PHASE modulation (XPM) is a nonlinear phenomenon

CROSS-PHASE modulation (XPM) is a nonlinear phenomenon JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL 2004 977 Effects of Polarization-Mode Dispersion on Cross-Phase Modulation in Dispersion-Managed Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed Systems Q. Lin and

More information

B 2 P 2, which implies that g B should be

B 2 P 2, which implies that g B should be Enhanced Summary of G.P. Agrawal Nonlinear Fiber Optics (3rd ed) Chapter 9 on SBS Stimulated Brillouin scattering is a nonlinear three-wave interaction between a forward-going laser pump beam P, a forward-going

More information

Optical Fiber Signal Degradation

Optical Fiber Signal Degradation Optical Fiber Signal Degradation Effects Pulse Spreading Dispersion (Distortion) Causes the optical pulses to broaden as they travel along a fiber Overlap between neighboring pulses creates errors Resulting

More information

Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs

Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 30, NO. 8, APRIL 15, 2012 1161 Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs Yongkang

More information

Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normaldispersion erbium-doped fiber laser

Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normaldispersion erbium-doped fiber laser Dissipative soliton resonance in an all-normaldispersion erbium-doped fiber laser X. Wu, D. Y. Tang*, H. Zhang and L. M. Zhao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,

More information

Mode-Field Diameter (MFD)

Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) Mode-Field Diameter (MFD) Important parameter determined from mode-field distribution of fundamental LP 01 mode. Characterized by various models Main consideration: how to approximate the electric field

More information

Lect. 15: Optical Fiber

Lect. 15: Optical Fiber 3-dimentioanl dielectric waveguide? planar waveguide circular waveguide optical fiber Optical Fiber: Circular dielectric waveguide made of silica (SiO ) y y n n 1 n Cladding Core r z Fiber axis SiO :Ge

More information

Dmitriy Churin. Designing high power single frequency fiber lasers

Dmitriy Churin. Designing high power single frequency fiber lasers Dmitriy Churin Tutorial for: Designing high power single frequency fiber lasers Single frequency lasers with narrow linewidth have long coherence length and this is an essential property for many applications

More information

Raman-assisted distributed Brillouin sensor in optical fiber for strain and temperature monitoring in civil engineering applications

Raman-assisted distributed Brillouin sensor in optical fiber for strain and temperature monitoring in civil engineering applications Raman-assisted distributed Brillouin sensor in optical fiber for strain and temperature monitoring in civil engineering applications Felix Rodriguez-Barrios (a), Sonia Martin-Lopez (a), Ana Carrasco-Sanz

More information

Paper Review. Special Topics in Optical Engineering II (15/1) Minkyu Kim. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Feb 1985

Paper Review. Special Topics in Optical Engineering II (15/1) Minkyu Kim. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Feb 1985 Paper Review IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Feb 1985 Contents Semiconductor laser review High speed semiconductor laser Parasitic elements limitations Intermodulation products Intensity noise Large

More information

Propagation of signals in optical fibres

Propagation of signals in optical fibres 11 11 Fiber optic link OR Propagation of signals in optical fibres??? Simon-Pierre Gorza BEST Course - 213 http://opera.ulb.ac.be/ Outline: 2.1 Geometrical-optics description 2.2 Electromagnetic analysis

More information

Nonlinear effects compensation for long-haul superchannel transmission system. Abdelkerim AMARI

Nonlinear effects compensation for long-haul superchannel transmission system. Abdelkerim AMARI Nonlinear effects compensation for long-haul superchannel transmission system Abdelkerim AMARI April 21, 2016 Abstract Optical communication systems have evolved since their deployment to meet the growing

More information

Effect of Nonlinearity on PMD Compensation in a Single-Channel 10-Gb/s NRZ System

Effect of Nonlinearity on PMD Compensation in a Single-Channel 10-Gb/s NRZ System The Open Optics Journal, 28, 2, 53-6 53 Open Access Effect of Nonlinearity on PMD Compensation in a Single-Channel -Gb/s NRZ System John Cameron *,,2, Xiaoyi Bao and Liang Chen Physics Department, University

More information

Impulse Response of Cross-Phase Modulation Filters in Multi-span Transmission Systems with Dispersion Compensation

Impulse Response of Cross-Phase Modulation Filters in Multi-span Transmission Systems with Dispersion Compensation OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY 4, 371383 1998 ARTICLE NO. OF98065 Impulse Reonse of Cross-Phase Modulation Filters in Multi-an Transmission Systems with Diersion Compensation Alberto Bononi, Cristian Francia,

More information

Brillouin optical time-domain analysis assisted by second-order Raman amplification

Brillouin optical time-domain analysis assisted by second-order Raman amplification Brillouin optical time-domain analysis assisted by second-order Raman amplification Sonia Martin-Lopez 1,2,*, Mercedes Alcon-Camas 3, Felix Rodriguez 1, Pedro Corredera 1, Juan Diego Ania-Castañon 2, Luc

More information

On nonlinear distortions of highly dispersive optical coherent systems

On nonlinear distortions of highly dispersive optical coherent systems On nonlinear distortions of highly dispersive optical coherent systems Francesco Vacondio,,* Olivier Rival, Christian Simonneau, Edouard Grellier, Alberto Bononi, 2 Laurence Lorcy, Jean-Christophe Antona,

More information

EE 472 Solutions to some chapter 4 problems

EE 472 Solutions to some chapter 4 problems EE 472 Solutions to some chapter 4 problems 4.4. Erbium doped fiber amplifier An EDFA is pumped at 1480 nm. N1 and N2 are the concentrations of Er 3+ at the levels E 1 and E 2 respectively as shown in

More information

THE demand on distributed fiber optic sensors based on

THE demand on distributed fiber optic sensors based on 152 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 32, NO. 1, JANUARY 1, 2014 Extending the Real Remoteness of Long-Range Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Fiber Analyzers Marcelo A. Soto, Xabier Angulo-Vinuesa, Sonia

More information

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 30. Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic. Professor Rui Almeida Optical and Photonic Glasses : Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Acoustooptic Effects Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Femto second

More information

An Ultrafast Optical Digital Technology

An Ultrafast Optical Digital Technology An Ultrafast Optical Digital Technology Smart Light Stanford University EE380 Corporation 2.28.07 Overview Overview Background What and How methodology optical state machines Why smart speed power size

More information

Fundamentals of fiber waveguide modes

Fundamentals of fiber waveguide modes SMR 189 - Winter College on Fibre Optics, Fibre Lasers and Sensors 1-3 February 007 Fundamentals of fiber waveguide modes (second part) K. Thyagarajan Physics Department IIT Delhi New Delhi, India Fundamentals

More information

Different Optical Fiber Nonlinear Coefficient Experimental Measurements

Different Optical Fiber Nonlinear Coefficient Experimental Measurements Different Optical Fiber Nonlinear Coefficient Experimental Measurements Sugan Shakya, Andis Supe, Ingrida Lavrinovica, Sandis Spolitis and Jurgis Porins Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical

More information

Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors

Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Sensors 2012, 12, 8601-8639; doi:10.3390/s120708601 Review OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors Xiaoyi Bao * and Liang Chen

More information

Lyapunov-based Stability Analysis for a MIMO Counter-Propagating Raman Amplifier. Daniel Beauchamp

Lyapunov-based Stability Analysis for a MIMO Counter-Propagating Raman Amplifier. Daniel Beauchamp Lyapunov-based Stability Analysis for a MIMO Counter-Propagating Raman Amplifier by Daniel Beauchamp A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science Graduate

More information

Leistungsfähigkeit von elektronischen Entzerrer in hochbitratigen optischen Übertragungsystemen. S. Otte, W. Rosenkranz. chair for communications,

Leistungsfähigkeit von elektronischen Entzerrer in hochbitratigen optischen Übertragungsystemen. S. Otte, W. Rosenkranz. chair for communications, Leistungsfähigkeit von elektronischen Entzerrer in hochbitratigen optischen Übertragungsystemen S. Otte, W. Rosenkranz chair for communications, Sven Otte, DFG-Kolloquium, 6. 11. 001, 1 Outline 1. Motivation.

More information

arxiv:quant-ph/ v1 5 Aug 2004

arxiv:quant-ph/ v1 5 Aug 2004 1 Generation of polarization entangled photon pairs and violation of Bell s inequality using spontaneous four-wave mixing in fiber loop Hiroki Takesue and Kyo Inoue arxiv:quant-ph/0408032v1 5 Aug 2004

More information

Analytical Solution of Brillouin Amplifier Equations for lossless medium

Analytical Solution of Brillouin Amplifier Equations for lossless medium Analytical Solution of Brillouin Amplifier Equations for lossless medium Fikri Serdar Gökhan a,* Hasan Göktaş, b a Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University,

More information

UCSD Photonics. Optical Amplification in High Capacity Networks

UCSD Photonics. Optical Amplification in High Capacity Networks Optical Amplification in High Capacity Networks As of 1998 OUTLINE Erbium Doped Fiber Amplification Technology Modeling Design Behavior Noise Properties Other Impairments Architectures Raman and Hybrid

More information

Differential Brillouin gain for improving the temperature accuracy and spatial resolution in a long-distance distributed fiber sensor

Differential Brillouin gain for improving the temperature accuracy and spatial resolution in a long-distance distributed fiber sensor Differential Brillouin gain for improving the temperature accuracy and spatial resolution in a long-distance distributed fiber sensor Yongkang Dong, Xiaoyi Bao,* and Wenhai Li Fiber Optical Group, Department

More information

Coherent Raman imaging with fibers: From sources to endoscopes

Coherent Raman imaging with fibers: From sources to endoscopes Coherent Raman imaging with fibers: From sources to endoscopes Esben Ravn Andresen Institut Fresnel, CNRS, École Centrale, Aix-Marseille University, France Journées d'imagerie vibrationelle 1 Jul, 2014

More information

Gain dependence of measured spectra in coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors

Gain dependence of measured spectra in coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors Gain dependence of measured spectra in coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensors Jon Mariñelarena, Javier Urricelqui, Alayn Loayssa Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 316,

More information

Observation of spectral enhancement in a soliton fiber laser with fiber Bragg grating

Observation of spectral enhancement in a soliton fiber laser with fiber Bragg grating Observation of spectral enhancement in a soliton fiber laser with fiber Bragg grating L. M. Zhao 1*, C. Lu 1, H. Y. Tam 2, D. Y. Tang 3, L. Xia 3, and P. Shum 3 1 Department of Electronic and Information

More information

4. Integrated Photonics. (or optoelectronics on a flatland)

4. Integrated Photonics. (or optoelectronics on a flatland) 4. Integrated Photonics (or optoelectronics on a flatland) 1 x Benefits of integration in Electronics: Are we experiencing a similar transformation in Photonics? Mach-Zehnder modulator made from Indium

More information

Decay of Higher Order Solitons in the presence of Dispersion, Self-steeping & Raman Scattering

Decay of Higher Order Solitons in the presence of Dispersion, Self-steeping & Raman Scattering Decay of Higher Order Solitons in the presence of Dispersion, Self-steeping & Raman Scattering Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING

More information

Temporal modulation instabilities of counterpropagating waves in a finite dispersive Kerr medium. II. Application to Fabry Perot cavities

Temporal modulation instabilities of counterpropagating waves in a finite dispersive Kerr medium. II. Application to Fabry Perot cavities Yu et al. Vol. 15, No. 2/February 1998/J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 617 Temporal modulation instabilities of counterpropagating waves in a finite dispersive Kerr medium. II. Application to Fabry Perot cavities M.

More information

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 31. Rare Earth Doped Glasses I. Professor Rui Almeida

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 31. Rare Earth Doped Glasses I. Professor Rui Almeida Optical and Photonic Glasses : Rare Earth Doped Glasses I Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Rare-earth doped glasses The lanthanide

More information

Thermal Effects Study on Stimulated Brillouin Light Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fiber

Thermal Effects Study on Stimulated Brillouin Light Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fiber International Journal of Optics and Photonics (IJOP) Vol. 6, No. 2, Summer-Fall 2012 Thermal Effects Study on Stimulated Brillouin Light Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fiber R. Parvizi a,b a Department

More information

Modeling High-Concentration L-Band EDFA at High Optical Powers Based on Inversion Function

Modeling High-Concentration L-Band EDFA at High Optical Powers Based on Inversion Function IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2002 569 Modeling High-Concentration L-Band EDFA at High Optical Powers Based on Inversion Function Vladimir Chernyak and

More information

Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Applications

Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Applications 1/32 Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Their Applications Govind P. Agrawal Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY 14627 c 2007 G. P. Agrawal Introduction Many nonlinear effects inside optical

More information

Folded digital backward propagation for dispersion-managed fiber-optic transmission

Folded digital backward propagation for dispersion-managed fiber-optic transmission Folded digital backward propagation for dispersion-managed fiber-optic transmission Likai Zhu 1, and Guifang Li 1,3 1 CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central

More information

Stimulated Emission. ! Electrons can absorb photons from medium. ! Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state

Stimulated Emission. ! Electrons can absorb photons from medium. ! Accelerated electrons emit light to return their ground state Lecture 15 Stimulated Emission Devices- Lasers! Stimulated emission and light amplification! Einstein coefficients! Optical fiber amplifiers! Gas laser and He-Ne Laser! The output spectrum of a gas laser!

More information

PART 2 : BALANCED HOMODYNE DETECTION

PART 2 : BALANCED HOMODYNE DETECTION PART 2 : BALANCED HOMODYNE DETECTION Michael G. Raymer Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon raymer@uoregon.edu 1 of 31 OUTLINE PART 1 1. Noise Properties of Photodetectors 2. Quantization of

More information

Intraband emission of GaN quantum dots at λ =1.5 μm via resonant Raman scattering

Intraband emission of GaN quantum dots at λ =1.5 μm via resonant Raman scattering Intraband emission of GaN quantum dots at λ =1.5 μm via resonant Raman scattering L. Nevou, F. H. Julien, M. Tchernycheva, J. Mangeney Institut d Electronique Fondamentale, UMR CNRS 8622, University Paris-Sud

More information

Application of high-precision temperature-controlled FBG f ilter and light source self-calibration technique in the BOTDR sensor system

Application of high-precision temperature-controlled FBG f ilter and light source self-calibration technique in the BOTDR sensor system Application of high-precision temperature-controlled FBG f ilter and light source self-calibration technique in the BOTDR sensor system Jiacheng Hu ( ) 1,2, Fuchang Chen ( ) 1,2, Chengtao Zhang ( ) 1,2,

More information

Chapter 4. Photodetectors

Chapter 4. Photodetectors Chapter 4 Photodetectors Types of photodetectors: Photoconductos Photovoltaic Photodiodes Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) Resonant-cavity photodiodes MSM detectors In telecom we mainly use PINs and APDs.

More information

Photonic Communications Engineering I

Photonic Communications Engineering I Photonic Communications Engineering I Module 3 - Attenuation in Optical Fibers Alan E. Willner Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering - Systems, University of Southern California and Thrust 1 Lead

More information

Soliton Molecules. Fedor Mitschke Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik. Benasque, October

Soliton Molecules. Fedor Mitschke Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik. Benasque, October Soliton Soliton Molecules Molecules and and Optical Optical Rogue Rogue Waves Waves Benasque, October 2014 Fedor Mitschke Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik fedor.mitschke@uni-rostock.de Part II

More information

Full characterization of the signal and idler noise figure spectra in single-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers

Full characterization of the signal and idler noise figure spectra in single-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers Full characterization of the signal and idler noise figure spectra in single-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifiers Zhi Tong, 1 * Adonis Bogris, 2 Magnus Karlsson, 1 and Peter A. Andrekson 1 1 Photonics

More information

Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers

Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers John Carroll, James Whiteaway & Dick Plumb The Institution of Electrical Engineers SPIE Optical Engineering Press 1 Preface Acknowledgments Principal abbreviations

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplemental Material Property Tables Cited in Main Text Table SI. Measured parameters for the sapphire-derived optical fibers Fiber Maximum Alumina Content Δn 10-3 Core Size Mole Percent (%) Weight Percent

More information

S. Blair February 15,

S. Blair February 15, S Blair February 15, 2012 66 32 Laser Diodes A semiconductor laser diode is basically an LED structure with mirrors for optical feedback This feedback causes photons to retrace their path back through

More information

R. L. Sharma*and Dr. Ranjit Singh*

R. L. Sharma*and Dr. Ranjit Singh* e t International Journal on Emerging echnologies (): 141-145(011) ISSN No (Print) : 0975-8364 ISSN No (Online) : 49-355 Solitons, its Evolution and Applications in High Speed Optical Communication R L

More information

Noise Correlations in Dual Frequency VECSEL

Noise Correlations in Dual Frequency VECSEL Noise Correlations in Dual Frequency VECSEL S. De, A. El Amili, F. Bretenaker Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Orsay, France V. Pal, R. Ghosh Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India M. Alouini Institut

More information

INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION IN SI-NANOCRYSTAL-ER DOPED OPTICAL FIBER

INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION IN SI-NANOCRYSTAL-ER DOPED OPTICAL FIBER Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 9, 27 51, 2008 INVESTIGATION OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION IN SI-NANOCRYSTAL-ER DOPED OPTICAL FIBER A. Rostami and A. SalmanOgli Photonics and Nanocrystal Research

More information

Nonlinear Photonics with Optical Waveguides

Nonlinear Photonics with Optical Waveguides 1/44 Nonlinear Photonics with Optical Waveguides Govind P. Agrawal The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, New York, USA c 2015 G. P. Agrawal Outline Introduction Planar and Cylindrical

More information

All-Optical Delay with Large Dynamic Range Using Atomic Dispersion

All-Optical Delay with Large Dynamic Range Using Atomic Dispersion All-Optical Delay with Large Dynamic Range Using Atomic Dispersion M. R. Vanner, R. J. McLean, P. Hannaford and A. M. Akulshin Centre for Atom Optics and Ultrafast Spectroscopy February 2008 Motivation

More information

Self-started unidirectional operation of a fiber ring soliton. laser without an isolator

Self-started unidirectional operation of a fiber ring soliton. laser without an isolator Self-started unidirectional operation of a fiber ring soliton laser without an isolator L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, and T. H. Cheng School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,

More information

Optoelectronic Applications. Injection Locked Oscillators. Injection Locked Oscillators. Q 2, ω 2. Q 1, ω 1

Optoelectronic Applications. Injection Locked Oscillators. Injection Locked Oscillators. Q 2, ω 2. Q 1, ω 1 Injection Locked Oscillators Injection Locked Oscillators Optoelectronic Applications Q, ω Q, ω E. Shumakher, J. Lasri,, B. Sheinman, G. Eisenstein, D. Ritter Electrical Engineering Dept. TECHNION Haifa

More information

Finite Element Method

Finite Element Method Appendix A Finite Element Method A.1 Formulation All the analyses of the PCF properties presented in this book have been performed by using the FEM. The FEM allows the PCF cross-section in the transverse

More information

THE IMPACT POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION OPTICAL DUOBINARY TRANSMISSION

THE IMPACT POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION OPTICAL DUOBINARY TRANSMISSION THE IMPACT of POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION on OPTICAL DUOBINARY TRANSMISSION A. Carena, V. Curri, R. Gaudino, P. Poggiolini Optical Communications Group - Politecnico di Torino Torino - ITALY OptCom@polito.it

More information

Effect of optical losses irregularity on wideband fiber Raman amplification for total telecom window in silica fibers

Effect of optical losses irregularity on wideband fiber Raman amplification for total telecom window in silica fibers PACS 42.65.Yj, 42.8.-i Effect of optical losses irregularity on wideband fiber Raman amplification for total telecom window in silica fibers G.S. Felinskyi, M.Y. Dyriv 2, P.A. Korotkov 3 Taras Shevchenko

More information

Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter

Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter Survey on Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Condensed Matter Coherent Radiation Sources for Small Laboratories CW: Tunability: IR Visible Linewidth: 1 Hz Power: μw 10W Pulsed: Tunabality: THz Soft X-ray

More information

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Phys 590B Condensed Matter Physics: Experimental Methods Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Basic optics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics Jigang Wang Department of Physics, Iowa State University

More information

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system Chen Wei( ), Meng Zhou( ), Zhou Hui-Juan( ), and Luo Hong( ) Department of Optic Information Science and Technology,

More information