Simulation of low energy nuclear recoils using Geant4

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Simulation of low energy nuclear recoils using Geant4"

Transcription

1 Simulation of low energy nuclear recoils using Geant4 [ heavy ions, T < 1 kev/amu ] Ricardo Pinho ricardo@lipc.fis.uc.pt 12th Geant4 Collaboration Workshop LIP - Coimbra Hebden Bridge 14 Set 2007

2 Outline 1. a review of Geant4 s models of stopping power 2. nuclear recoils full cascade 3. nuclear quenching estimates 4. summary and present work Versions used: geant4.8.2 and geant4.8.2.p01

3 Stopping power ion = projecticle particle Z 1 atom = target particle Z 2

4 Stopping power ion = projecticle particle Z 1 atom = target particle Z 2 G4hLowEnergyIonisation de dx = S e + S n (assuming no correlations) G4hBetheBlochModel G4hParametrisedLossModel G4hIonEffChargeSquare G4hNuclearStoppingModel

5 Stopping power ion = projecticle particle Z 1 atom = target particle Z 2 G4hLowEnergyIonisation de dx = S e + S n (assuming no correlations) Low energy extension Physics list: only G4hLowEnergyIonisation Very small step sizes ( 1% of the particle range) Continuous slowing down approximation: G4hBetheBlochModel G4hParametrisedLossModel G4hIonEffChargeSquare G4hNuclearStoppingModel Cut energy very high: no deltarays Actually no secondaries what so ever! Just follow our primary till it stops (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) No fluctuations

6 Stopping power ion = projecticle particle Z 1 atom = target particle Z 2 G4hLowEnergyIonisation de dx = S e + S n (assuming no correlations) Low energy extension Physics list: only G4hLowEnergyIonisation Very small step sizes ( 1% of the particle range) Continuous slowing down approximation: Geometry: just a square box, filled with pure material G4hBetheBlochModel G4hParametrisedLossModel G4hIonEffChargeSquare G4hNuclearStoppingModel Cut energy very high: no deltarays Actually no secondaries what so ever! Just follow our primary till it stops (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) No fluctuations shoot primary from the center of the box, random direction

7 de / dx (MeV cm 2 / g) Lindhard S e : proton -> Al, Cu, Pb GEANT4 (Lindhard+ICRU_R49p+Bethe-Bloch) T 1 T 2 parameterization Al Cu Pb T 1 = 0.25 kev T 1 = 10 kev T 2 = 2 MeV T 2 = 100 MeV Bethe-Bloch 1 1e e+05 Energy T p (MeV)

8 de / dx (MeV cm 2 / g) Lindhard Min: 0.25keV 1keV S e : proton -> Al, Cu, Pb GEANT4 (Lindhard+ICRU_R49p+Bethe-Bloch) user s choice T 1 T 2 parameterization Al Cu Pb T 1 = 0.25 kev T 1 = 10 kev T 2 = 2 MeV T 2 = 100 MeV Bethe-Bloch Max: 2MeV 100MeV 1 1e e+05 Energy T p (MeV)

9 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized

10 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only

11 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only for other heavy ions, the stopping is scaled by:

12 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only for other heavy ions, the stopping is scaled by: S ei (T ) = Z 2 eff S ep (T p ), T p = M p M T

13 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only for other heavy ions, the stopping is scaled by: S ei (T ) = Z 2 eff S ep (T p ), T p = M p M T proton stopping parameterizations (default) ICRU_R49p Ziegler1977p Ziegler1985p SRIM2000p

14 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only for other heavy ions, the stopping is scaled by: S ei (T ) = Z 2 eff S ep (T p ), T p = M p M T proton stopping parameterizations (default) ICRU_R49p Ziegler1977p Ziegler1985p SRIM2000p alpha stopping parameterizations ICRU_R49He Ziegler1977He

15 Geant4 Electronic stopping low energy stopping power is parameterized parameterization is for protons and alphas only for other heavy ions, the stopping is scaled by: S ei (T ) = Z 2 eff S ep (T p ), T p = M p M T proton stopping parameterizations (default) ICRU_R49p Ziegler1977p Ziegler1985p SRIM2000p alpha stopping parameterizations ICRU_R49He Ziegler1977He effective charge parameterization Z eff (v, v F ) Ziegler, 1985, Brandt and Kitagawa, 1982

16 S e : Xe -> LXe Geant4 low energy 2 ICRU_R49p T 1 = 1 kev ICRU_R49p T 1 = 5 kev SRIM2000p T 1 = 1 kev SRIM2000p T 1 = 5 kev T p = 1 kev T p = 5 kev S e / Z 2 [MeV/cm] 1 Text parameterization T 1 < T p < T 2 T p < T 1 (default = 1 kev) ICRU_R49p Ziegler1977p S e = A 1 Tp 0.005! SRIM2000p Ziegler1985p S e = A 1 Tp 0.25, Z 2 < 6 S e = A 1 T S e = A 1 T 0.45 p T 2 = 10 kev p, Z 2 = 6, 14, 32, other S e = A 1 Tp S e = A T p

17 Geant4 Electronic stopping S e /! Z 2 p [MeV/cm] all values are taken for v < v F Xe: v F = 610 kev (4,7 kev/amu) Ar: v F = 156 kev (4 kev/amu) Si: v F = 660 kev (24 kev/amu) Ge: v F = 1.6 MeV (22 kev/amu) LSS vs SRIM vs GEANT4 proportionality coefficient of S e #!v LSS Xe LSS Ar LSS Si LSS Ge SRIM Xe SRIM Ar SRIM Si SRIM Ge ICRU_R49p Xe ICRU_R49p Ar ICRU_R49p Si ICRU_R49p Ge Ziegler1985p Xe Ziegler1985p Ar Ziegler1985p Si Ziegler1985p Ge Ziegler1977p Xe Ziegler1977p Ar " ICRU_R49p Ziegler1977p Si Ziegler1977p Ge " ICRU_R49p ICRU_R49He Xe ICRU_R49He Ar ICRU_R49He Si ICRU_R49He Ge Ziegler1977He Xe Ziegler1977He Ar Ziegler1977He Si " ICRU_R49He Ziegler1977He Ge " ICRU_R49He 100 SRIM2000p Xe Wigner-Seitz radius R s [a B ] SRIM2000p Ar SRIM2000p Si SRIM2000p Ge

18 Nuclear Stopping S n ion-atom interaction potencial

19 Nuclear Stopping S n ion-atom interaction potencial { lim Φ = 1 Φ r 0 lim Φ = 0 r V (r) = Z 1Z 2 e 2 r

20 ion-atom interaction potencial { lim Φ = 1 Φ r 0 lim Φ = 0 r Classical (or statistical) treatment: the Thomas-Fermi atom Approximations: elastic static (velocity independent) universal Nuclear Stopping S n V (r) = Z 1Z 2 e 2 Φ = Φ(r/a) r screening length no shell structure (as opposed to modern Hartree- Fock solid state models)

21 ion-atom interaction potencial { lim Φ = 1 Φ r 0 lim Φ = 0 r Classical (or statistical) treatment: the Thomas-Fermi atom Approximations: elastic static (velocity independent) universal V(r) Nuclear Stopping S n V (r) = Z 1Z 2 e 2 Φ = Φ(r/a) classical scattering dσ pertubation treatment r screening length no shell structure (as opposed to modern Hartree- Fock solid state models) S n = T dσ T = energy transfered to an atom at rest (target)

22 Universal screening functions proposed in the literature: Bohr Thomas-Fermi Lindhard (LSS) Lenz-Jensen Moliere Ziegler (ZBL) SRIM (a universal fit to 522 (!) solid state interatomic potencials)

23 Universal screening functions proposed in the literature: Bohr Thomas-Fermi Lindhard (LSS) Lenz-Jensen Moliere Geant4 Nuclear stopping Universal stopping in reduced units scales back to ion-atom dependent stopping in physical units. Available choices: (default) Ziegler (ZBL) SRIM (a universal fit to 522 (!) solid state interatomic potencials) ICRU_R49 - parameterization of Moliere s screening function Ziegler1977 the ZBL universal potencial Ziegler1985

24 Universal screening functions proposed in the literature: Bohr Thomas-Fermi Lindhard (LSS) Lenz-Jensen Moliere S n [MeV / (mg/cm 2 )] Geant4 Nuclear stopping Universal 2.5 stopping in reduced units scales back to ion-atom Ge Ziegler1977 Ar LSS dependent 2 stopping in physical units. Available choices: Ar SRIM (default) Ziegler (ZBL) SRIM (a universal fit to 522 (!) solid state interatomic potencials) ICRU_R49 - parameterization of Moliere s screening Si function LSS 1 Si SRIM Si ICRU_R49 Ziegler1977 Si Ziegler the ZBL universal potencial Si Ziegler1977 Ziegler LSS vs. SRIM vs. GEANT4 nuclear stopping S n (E), E < 150 kev ion energy E [kev] Xe LSS Xe SRIM Xe ICRU_R49 Xe Ziegler1985 Xe Ziegler1977 Ge LSS Ge SRIM Ge ICRU_R49 Ge Ziegler1985 Ar ICRU_R49 Ar Ziegler1985 Ar Ziegler1977

25 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV)

26 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list:

27 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list: Introduced a new physical process for the recoils

28 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list: Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation:

29 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list: Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation: don t deposit T when T < CUT

30 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list: Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation: don t deposit T when T < CUT changed CUT from T p to T

31 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs or neutron scattering recoil CUT energy (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) Physics list: Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation: don t deposit T when T < CUT changed CUT from T p to T SetNuclearStoppingOff() is mandatory

32 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs code structure or neutron based δ-electrons scattering emission, fluorescence and atom recoil deexcitation CUT of energy G4hLowEnergyIonisation (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) and on the continous photon generation Physics in list: G4Cerenkov Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation: don t deposit T when T < CUT changed CUT from T p to T SetNuclearStoppingOff() is mandatory

33 Nuclear recoil full cascade Note: the primary particle is already a recoil, doesn t matter if it originated from WIMPs code structure or neutron based δ-electrons scattering emission, fluorescence and atom recoil deexcitation CUT of energy G4hLowEnergyIonisation (default MinKineticEnergy = 10eV) and on the continous photon generation Physics in list: G4Cerenkov Introduced a new physical process for the recoils Had to make some changes to G4hLowEnergyIonisation: don t deposit T when T < CUT changed CUT from T p to T SetNuclearStoppingOff() is mandatory nuclear quenching competition between total energy ultimately given to electrons and energy permanently lost to recoils

34 Geant4 Recoil cascade Geant4 has no nuclear recoils (at least heavy ion) It also doesn t have the respective cross sections (neither differential nor integrated)

35 Geant4 Recoil cascade Geant4 has no nuclear recoils (at least heavy ion) It also doesn t have the respective cross sections (neither differential nor integrated) 1st approximation, using only what Geant4 already has: the recoil atom kinetic energy is taken from the parameterized nuclear stopping power T = ( de dx ) n x = S n step size

36 Geant4 Recoil cascade Geant4 has no nuclear recoils (at least heavy ion) It also doesn t have the respective cross sections (neither differential nor integrated) 1st approximation, using only what Geant4 already has: the recoil atom kinetic energy is taken from the parameterized nuclear stopping power T = ( de dx ) n x = S n step size the so called continuous slowing down approximation (in a loosely sense) => a continuous process major disadvantage: very strong dependence on step size => an external parameter in need of fine tuning

37 Geant4 Recoil cascade Geant4 has no nuclear recoils (at least heavy ion) It also doesn t have the respective cross sections (neither differential nor integrated) 1st approximation, using only what Geant4 already has: the recoil atom kinetic energy is taken from the parameterized nuclear stopping power T = ( de dx ) n actually, we shouldn t even try to approximate nuclear collisions as a continuous process (as opposed to electronic stopping) as you re not supposed to get a recoil every step, just every now and then x = S n step size the so called continuous slowing down approximation (in a loosely sense) => a continuous process major disadvantage: very strong dependence on step size => an external parameter in need of fine tuning

38 Geant4 Nuclear quenching: Si Si: LSS vs. SRIM vs. GEANT4 vs. exp. data total fraction of energy transfered to electrons E R = initial recoil energy η (E R ) = total energy given to electrons E R q n = η / E R = nuclear quenching 1 Nuclear quenching TRIM LSS Sattler Gerbier eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV SRIM2000p Ziegler eV Ziegler1985p Ziegler eV Ziegler1985p Ziegler Recoil energy (kev)

39 Scintillation efficiency or just nuclear quenching Geant4 Nuclear quenching: LXe LXe: LSS, SRIM, Geant4, exp.data scintillation efficiency nuclear quenching LSS SRIM Arneodo Akimov Aprile Vitaly eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV ICRU_R49p ICRU_R eV Ziegler1985p Ziegler Recoil energy (kev)

40 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS)

41 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS) 2. The user has a total of 3x6 combinations of stopping parameterizations at his/her disposal

42 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS) 2. The user has a total of 3x6 combinations of stopping parameterizations at his/her disposal 3. The continuous approximation provides a good prediction of the nuclear quenching of the recoils cascade, but also provides to much flexibility, by fine-tuning the total of 4 parameters that control the simulation: electronic S e : the parameterization step size nuclear recoils : the parameterization energy cut

43 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS) 2. The user has a total of 3x6 combinations of stopping parameterizations at his/her disposal 3. The continuous approximation provides a good prediction of the nuclear quenching of the recoils cascade, but also provides to much flexibility, by fine-tuning the total of 4 parameters that control the simulation: electronic S e : the parameterization step size mean free path 1 σ nuclear recoils : the parameterization energy cut

44 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS) 2. The user has a total of 3x6 combinations of stopping parameterizations at his/her disposal 3. The continuous approximation provides a good prediction of the nuclear quenching of the recoils cascade, but also provides to much flexibility, by fine-tuning the total of 4 parameters that control the simulation: electronic S e : the parameterization step size nuclear recoils : the screening parameterization function energy cut mean free path 1 σ a full discrete process (for the recoils) + dσ

45 Conclusions 1. Geant4 provides a good parameterization of both electronic and nuclear stopping powers (not shown here, is our validation of Geant4 s stopping by comparing with NIST databases as well as experimental data, in different target materials, besides SRIM and LSS) 2. The user has a total of 3x6 combinations of stopping parameterizations at his/her disposal 3. The continuous approximation provides a good prediction of the nuclear quenching of the recoils cascade, but also provides to much flexibility, by fine-tuning the total of 4 parameters that control the simulation: electronic S e : the parameterization step size mean free path 1 σ + dσ nuclear recoils : the screening parameterization function energy cut work in progress a full discrete process (for the recoils)

46 dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 Present work

47 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect.

48 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration σ(t, T c )

49 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation

50 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation

51 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 implement the sampling Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation

52 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 implement the sampling T = γt sin 2 θ 2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation

53 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 implement the sampling T = γt sin 2 θ 2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation Opposed to the standard method of solving the scattering integral:

54 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 implement the sampling T = γt sin 2 θ 2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation Opposed to the standard method of solving the scattering integral: SRIM/TRIM (the standard!)

55 a F, a L, a U dσ = Πa 2 f(t1/2 ) 2t 3/2 implement the sampling T = γt sin 2 θ 2 Present work Thomas-Fermi, Lenz- Jensen, Moliere, ZBL, ect. numerical integration To do: write the DiscreteProcess functions ricardo@lipc.fis.uc.pt σ(t, T c ) put it in tables and load them in Geant4, with interpolation Opposed to the standard method of solving the scattering integral: SRIM/TRIM (the standard!) M.H. Mendenhalla and R.A. Weller, An algorithm for computing screened Coulomb scattering in GEANT4, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B227, 3 (2005) 420

56 Extras

57 Electronic Stopping S e Fermi-Teller: S e v (ion velocity) if v < v F v 0 Lindhard: uniform free electron gas, Thomas-Fermi atom, particleplasma interaction as a perturbation S e = kɛ 1/2 if v < Bragg peak ( v 0 Z 2/ MeV for Xe) 0.10 < k < 0.20 (reduced units) k Xe SRIM: local density approximation using Hartree-Fock solid state atoms; semiempirical fit of charge state of the ion (de/dx)e/(β Z 2 P ) [MeV/cm] Fermi-Teller Lindhard-Winther Ritchie LSS SRIM A. Mangiarotti et al., 2007 Xe Ar Si Ge Wigner-Seitz radius r s [a B ]

58 Nuclear quenching?!

59 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs)

60 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ)

61 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1

62 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1 But what do we actually measure in the lab?!

63 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1 But what do we actually measure in the lab?! relative scintillation efficiency η R(E R ) E R W S(E γ ) W S (E R )

64 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1 But what do we actually measure in the lab?! relative scintillation efficiency η R(E R ) E R W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) where we redefine: γ : W S = E γ /N ph R : W S = η R /N ph } W S now they refer to the energy transfered to electrons only! and are both just functions of LET

65 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1 But what do we actually measure in the lab?! relative scintillation efficiency η R(E R ) E R W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) where we redefine: γ : W S = E γ /N ph R : W S = η R /N ph } W S now they refer to the energy transfered to electrons only! and are both just functions of LET

66 Nuclear quenching?! E = initial particle energy (e.g. Eᵧ = 122keV for Co57 or E R for recoils produced by neutrons or WIMPs) η (E) = total energy ultimately given to electrons E (ηᵧ Eᵧ) q n = η R / E R = nuclear quenching (of the recoils) 1 But what do we actually measure in the lab?! relative scintillation efficiency η R(E R ) E R W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) where we redefine: γ : W S = E γ /N ph R : W S = η R /N ph } W S { Hitachi gives constant < 1 now they refer to the energy transfered to electrons only! and are both just functions of LET

67 (relative) Scintillation efficiency q n W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) Is everybody clear about this definition?!

68 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! back

69 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! traditional/experimental definition of relative scintillation efficiency = W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) < 1 because it takes more energy to produce a photon in RC than in γ 2 quenching effects all mixed up! back

70 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! traditional/experimental definition of relative scintillation efficiency = W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) = E γ N ph E R N ph back

71 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! traditional/experimental definition of relative scintillation efficiency remember ηᵧ Eᵧ = W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) = E γ N ph E R N ph = E γ N ph η R /q n N ph remember our definition of q n = η R / E R back

72 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! traditional/experimental definition of relative scintillation efficiency we redefine: = W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) = E γ N ph E R N ph = E γ N ph η R /q n N ph = q n W S (E γ ) W S (E R ) γ : W S = E γ /N ph R : W S = η R /N ph back

73 traditional definition of W S = E N ph for γ, Recoils, whatever! traditional/experimental definition of relative scintillation efficiency we redefine: = W S(E γ ) W S (E R ) = E γ N ph E R N ph = E γ N ph η R /q n N ph = q n W S (E γ ) W S (E R ) γ : W S = E γ /N ph R : W S = η R /N ph back

74 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el q (γ) n q (γ) el back

75 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el q (γ) n q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils back

76 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el 1 q (γ) n q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils back

77 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el 1 q (γ) n = q (R) n q (γ) el q (R) el q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils scintillation only back

78 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el 1 q (γ) n = q (R) n q (γ) el q (R) el q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils scintillation only competition between recombination processes back

79 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el 1 q (γ) n = q (R) n q (γ) el q (R) el q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils scintillation only competition between recombination processes electrons escaping recombination back

80 Hitachi what we measure RC γ = q(r) n q (R) el 1 q (γ) n = q (R) n q (γ) el q (R) el q (γ) el q quenching or scintillation efficiency of the recoils scintillation only competition between recombination processes electrons escaping recombination back

Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter

Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with Matter Type of radiation charged particles photonen neutronen Uncharged particles Charged particles electrons (β - ) He 2+ (α), H + (p) D + (d) Recoil nuclides Fission fragments Interaction of ionizing radiation

More information

III. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation

III. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation 1 III. Energy Deposition in the Detector and Spectrum Formation a) charged particles Bethe-Bloch formula de 4πq 4 z2 e 2m v = NZ ( ) dx m v ln ln 1 0 2 β β I 0 2 2 2 z, v: atomic number and velocity of

More information

Energy partition and distribution of excited species in direction-sensitive detectors for WIMP searches

Energy partition and distribution of excited species in direction-sensitive detectors for WIMP searches Cygnus 013 Toyama, Japan 10-1 June 013 Energy partition and distribution of excited species in direction-sensitive detectors for WIMP searches Akira Hitachi Kochi Medical School Key words: S T =S e + S

More information

PHYS 352. Charged Particle Interactions with Matter. Intro: Cross Section. dn s. = F dω

PHYS 352. Charged Particle Interactions with Matter. Intro: Cross Section. dn s. = F dω PHYS 352 Charged Particle Interactions with Matter Intro: Cross Section cross section σ describes the probability for an interaction as an area flux F number of particles per unit area per unit time dσ

More information

Detectors in Nuclear Physics (48 hours)

Detectors in Nuclear Physics (48 hours) Detectors in Nuclear Physics (48 hours) Silvia Leoni, Silvia.Leoni@mi.infn.it http://www.mi.infn.it/~sleoni Complemetary material: Lectures Notes on γ-spectroscopy LAB http://www.mi.infn.it/~bracco Application

More information

Particle Interactions in Detectors

Particle Interactions in Detectors Particle Interactions in Detectors Dr Peter R Hobson C.Phys M.Inst.P. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Brunel University, Uxbridge Peter.Hobson@brunel.ac.uk http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~eestprh/

More information

Radioactivity - Radionuclides - Radiation

Radioactivity - Radionuclides - Radiation Content of the lecture Introduction Particle/ion-atom atom interactions - basic processes on on energy loss - stopping power, range Implementation in in Nucleonica TM TM Examples Origin and use of particles

More information

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH GEANT4 SIMULATION OF ENERGY LOSSES OF SLOW HADRONS

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH GEANT4 SIMULATION OF ENERGY LOSSES OF SLOW HADRONS EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH 2 September 1999 GEANT4 SIMULATION OF ENERGY LOSSES OF SLOW HADRONS V.N. Ivanchenko Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia S. Giani, M.G. Pia

More information

CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS

CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS CHARGED PARTICLE INTERACTIONS Background Charged Particles Heavy charged particles Charged particles with Mass > m e α, proton, deuteron, heavy ion (e.g., C +, Fe + ), fission fragment, muon, etc. α is

More information

Interaction of ion beams with matter

Interaction of ion beams with matter Interaction of ion beams with matter Introduction Nuclear and electronic energy loss Radiation damage process Displacements by nuclear stopping Defects by electronic energy loss Defect-free irradiation

More information

Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Advanced Simulation and Modelling for Ion Beam Analysis February 2009

Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Advanced Simulation and Modelling for Ion Beam Analysis February 2009 015-0 Joint ICTP/IAEA Workshop on Advanced Simulation and Modelling for Ion Beam Analysis 3-7 February 009 Introduction to Ion Beam Analysis: General Physics M. Mayer Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik

More information

The limitations of Lindhard theory to predict the ionization produced by nuclear recoils at the lowest energies

The limitations of Lindhard theory to predict the ionization produced by nuclear recoils at the lowest energies The limitations of Lindhard theory to predict the ionization produced by nuclear recoils at the lowest energies model energy given to electrons = ionization + scintillation in e.g. liquid nobles see also

More information

Chapter II: Interactions of ions with matter

Chapter II: Interactions of ions with matter Chapter II: Interactions of ions with matter 1 Trajectories of α particles of 5.5 MeV Source: SRIM www.srim.org 2 Incident proton on Al: Bohr model v=v 0 E p =0.025 MeV relativistic effect E p =938 MeV

More information

Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions

Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions The behavior of radiation and matter as a function of energy governs the degradation of astrophysical information along the path and the characteristics of the detectors.

More information

Stopping Power for Ions and Clusters in Crystalline Solids

Stopping Power for Ions and Clusters in Crystalline Solids UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI REPORT SERIES IN PHYSICS HU-P-D108 Stopping Power for Ions and Clusters in Crystalline Solids Jarkko Peltola Accelerator Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science University

More information

Outline. Chapter 6 The Basic Interactions between Photons and Charged Particles with Matter. Photon interactions. Photoelectric effect

Outline. Chapter 6 The Basic Interactions between Photons and Charged Particles with Matter. Photon interactions. Photoelectric effect Chapter 6 The Basic Interactions between Photons and Charged Particles with Matter Radiation Dosimetry I Text: H.E Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The physics of radiology, 4 th ed. http://www.utoledo.edu/med/depts/radther

More information

Fluka advanced calculations on stopping power and multiple Coulomb scattering

Fluka advanced calculations on stopping power and multiple Coulomb scattering Fluka advanced calculations on stopping power and multiple Coulomb scattering Andrea Fontana INFN Sezione di Pavia Outline Stopping power Ionization potential Range calculation: which range? Fluka options

More information

Emphasis on what happens to emitted particle (if no nuclear reaction and MEDIUM (i.e., atomic effects)

Emphasis on what happens to emitted particle (if no nuclear reaction and MEDIUM (i.e., atomic effects) LECTURE 5: INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER All radiation is detected through its interaction with matter! INTRODUCTION: What happens when radiation passes through matter? Emphasis on what happens

More information

Passage of particles through matter

Passage of particles through matter Passage of particles through matter Alexander Khanov PHYS6260: Experimental Methods is HEP Oklahoma State University September 11, 2017 Delta rays During ionization, the energy is transferred to electrons

More information

Physics of particles. H. Paganetti PhD Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School

Physics of particles. H. Paganetti PhD Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School Physics of particles H. Paganetti PhD Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School Introduction Dose The ideal dose distribution ideal Dose: Energy deposited Energy/Mass Depth [J/kg] [Gy] Introduction

More information

Quenchings in crystals!

Quenchings in crystals! Quenchings in crystals! Why are they important? Some Models Light Quenching (few comments) Ionization Quenching Measurements Jules Gascon! (IPNLyon, Université Lyon 1 + CNRS/IN2P3)! Quenching! Background

More information

Detectors in Nuclear Physics (40 hours)

Detectors in Nuclear Physics (40 hours) Detectors in Nuclear Physics (40 hours) Silvia Leoni, Silvia.Leoni@mi.infn.it http://www.mi.infn.it/~sleoni Complemetary material: Lectures Notes on γ-spectroscopy LAB http://www.mi.infn.it/~bracco Application

More information

Light element IBA by Elastic Recoil Detection and Nuclear Reaction Analysis R. Heller

Light element IBA by Elastic Recoil Detection and Nuclear Reaction Analysis R. Heller Text optional: Institute Prof. Dr. Hans Mousterian www.fzd.de Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Light element IBA by Elastic Recoil Detection and Nuclear Reaction Analysis R. Heller IBA Techniques slide

More information

Radiation damage calculation in PHITS

Radiation damage calculation in PHITS Radiation Effects in Superconducting Magnet Materials (RESMM'12), 13 Feb. 15 Feb. 2012 Radiation damage calculation in PHITS Y. Iwamoto 1, K. Niita 2, T. Sawai 1, R.M. Ronningen 3, T. Baumann 3 1 JAEA,

More information

Week 2: Chap. 2 Interaction of Radiation

Week 2: Chap. 2 Interaction of Radiation Week 2: Chap. 2 Interaction of Radiation Introduction -- Goals, roll back the fog -- General Nomenclature -- Decay Equations -- Laboratory Sources Interaction of Radiation with Matter -- Charged Particles

More information

LET! (de / dx) 1 Gy= 1 J/kG 1Gy=100 rad. m(kg) dose rate

LET! (de / dx) 1 Gy= 1 J/kG 1Gy=100 rad. m(kg) dose rate Basics of Radiation Dosimetry for the Physicist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ionizing_radiation I. Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that ionize electrons along

More information

Improving Scintillation Response in Xenon and Implementation in GEANT4

Improving Scintillation Response in Xenon and Implementation in GEANT4 Improving Scintillation Response in Xenon and Implementation in GEANT4 UC Davis and LLNL Faculty Mani Tripathi Bob Svoboda Postdocs and Research Scientists Matthew Szydagis Kareem Kazkaz Undergraduates

More information

2. Passage of Radiation Through Matter

2. Passage of Radiation Through Matter 2. Passage of Radiation Through Matter Passage of Radiation Through Matter: Contents Energy Loss of Heavy Charged Particles by Atomic Collision (addendum) Cherenkov Radiation Energy loss of Electrons and

More information

The interaction of radiation with matter

The interaction of radiation with matter Basic Detection Techniques 2009-2010 http://www.astro.rug.nl/~peletier/detectiontechniques.html Detection of energetic particles and gamma rays The interaction of radiation with matter Peter Dendooven

More information

1. Nuclear Size. A typical atom radius is a few!10 "10 m (Angstroms). The nuclear radius is a few!10 "15 m (Fermi).

1. Nuclear Size. A typical atom radius is a few!10 10 m (Angstroms). The nuclear radius is a few!10 15 m (Fermi). 1. Nuclear Size We have known since Rutherford s! " scattering work at Manchester in 1907, that almost all the mass of the atom is contained in a very small volume with high electric charge. Nucleus with

More information

Nuclear Recoil Scintillation and Ionization Yields in Liquid Xenon

Nuclear Recoil Scintillation and Ionization Yields in Liquid Xenon Nuclear Recoil Scintillation and Ionization Yields in Liquid Xenon Dan McKinsey Yale University Physics Department February, 011 Indirect and Direct Detection of Dark Matter Aspen Center of Physics Energy

More information

? Simulation. of PICASSO detectors. Marie-Hélène Genest - Université de Montréal

? Simulation. of PICASSO detectors. Marie-Hélène Genest - Université de Montréal ? Simulation of PICASSO detectors Marie-Hélène Genest - Université de Montréal On behalf of the PICASSO Collaboration (Montréal, Queen s, Indiana South Bend, Prague) 2006 Simulation of PICASSO detectors

More information

Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics

Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-30 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 4 - Detectors Binding Energy Nuclear mass MN less than sum of nucleon masses Shows nucleus is a bound (lower energy) state for this configuration

More information

Slowing down the neutrons

Slowing down the neutrons Slowing down the neutrons Clearly, an obvious way to make a reactor work, and to make use of this characteristic of the 3 U(n,f) cross-section, is to slow down the fast, fission neutrons. This can be accomplished,

More information

Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 4

Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 4 Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 4 T. Potter Lent/Easter Terms 018 Basic Nuclear Properties 8. (B) The Semi-Empirical mass formula (SEMF) for nuclear masses may be written in the form

More information

Outline. Radiation Interactions. Spurs, Blobs and Short Tracks. Introduction. Radiation Interactions 1

Outline. Radiation Interactions. Spurs, Blobs and Short Tracks. Introduction. Radiation Interactions 1 Outline Radiation Interactions Introduction Interaction of Heavy Charged Particles Interaction of Fast Electrons Interaction of Gamma Rays Interactions of Neutrons Radiation Exposure & Dose Sources of

More information

Interaction of charged particles and photons with matter

Interaction of charged particles and photons with matter Interaction of charged particles and photons with matter Robert Miyaoka, Ph.D. Old Fisheries Center, Room 200 rmiyaoka@u.washington.edu Passage of radiation through matter depends on Type of radiation

More information

MATR316, Nuclear Physics, 10 cr

MATR316, Nuclear Physics, 10 cr MATR316, Nuclear Physics, 10 cr Fall 2017, Period II Pertti O. Tikkanen Lecture Notes of Tuesday, Nov. 28th and Thursday, Nov. 30th Department of Physics pertti.tikkanen@helsinki.fi 1 Interaction of radiation

More information

Physics 102: Lecture 26. X-rays. Make sure your grade book entries are correct. Physics 102: Lecture 26, Slide 1

Physics 102: Lecture 26. X-rays. Make sure your grade book entries are correct. Physics 102: Lecture 26, Slide 1 Physics 102: Lecture 26 X-rays Make sure your grade book entries are correct. Physics 102: Lecture 26, Slide 1 X-Rays Photons with energy in approx range 100eV to 100,000eV. This large energy means they

More information

Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter

Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter Chapter V: Interactions of neutrons with matter 1 Content of the chapter Introduction Interaction processes Interaction cross sections Moderation and neutrons path For more details see «Physique des Réacteurs

More information

Probing the sub-disciplines: what do we know? what do we need to know? The physics The chemistry - Modelling

Probing the sub-disciplines: what do we know? what do we need to know? The physics The chemistry - Modelling Session 3: Probing the sub-disciplines: what do we know? what do we need to know? The physics The chemistry - Modelling Michael Dingfelder Department of Physics, East Carolina University Mailstop #563

More information

Application of Birks' law of scintillator nonlinearity in Geant4. Alexander Tadday Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Heidelberg University

Application of Birks' law of scintillator nonlinearity in Geant4. Alexander Tadday Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Heidelberg University Alexander Tadday Alexander - IRTG Tadday Meeting - IRTG - Heidelberg Meeting - 05.11.20 Application of Birks' law of scintillator nonlinearity in Geant4 Alexander Tadday Kirchhoff Institute for Physics

More information

Validation of EM Part of Geant4

Validation of EM Part of Geant4 Validation of EM Part of Geant4 February 22, 2002 @ Geant4 Work Shop Tsuneyoshi Kamae/Tsunefumi Mizuno 1 Purpose and Plan of this Talk We have validated EM processes in Geant4 important for gamma-ray satellite

More information

The Bragg-like curve for the directional

The Bragg-like curve for the directional CYGNUS 007 July 007 The Bragg-like curve for the directional detection of dark matter Akira Hitachi Kochi Medical School Head-tail discrimination Treatment for Z 1 Z Pb in α-decay, Ar-gas mixture Binary

More information

SIMULATION OF THE LIQUID TARGETS FOR MOLYBDENUM-99 PRODUCTION

SIMULATION OF THE LIQUID TARGETS FOR MOLYBDENUM-99 PRODUCTION SIMULATION OF THE LIQUID TARGETS FOR MOLYBDENUM- PRODUCTION Y.V. Rudychev, D.V. Fedorchenko, M.A. Khazhmuradov National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Kharkov, Ukraine Simulation

More information

Neutrino detection. Kate Scholberg, Duke University International Neutrino Summer School Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 2015

Neutrino detection. Kate Scholberg, Duke University International Neutrino Summer School Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 2015 Neutrino detection Kate Scholberg, Duke University International Neutrino Summer School Sao Paulo, Brazil, August 2015 Sources of wild neutrinos The Big Bang The Atmosphere (cosmic rays) Super novae AGN's,

More information

New photon transport model in Serpent 2

New photon transport model in Serpent 2 New photon transport model in Serpent 2 Toni Kaltiaisenaho VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Serpent User Group Meeting 1/20 Motivation On average, 8 prompt fission photons over an energy range

More information

Radiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na. Ellen Simmons

Radiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na. Ellen Simmons Radiation Detection for the Beta- Delayed Alpha and Gamma Decay of 20 Na Ellen Simmons 1 Contents Introduction Review of the Types of Radiation Charged Particle Radiation Detection Review of Semiconductor

More information

Stopping, blooming, and straggling of directed energetic electrons in hydrogenic and arbitrary-z plasmas

Stopping, blooming, and straggling of directed energetic electrons in hydrogenic and arbitrary-z plasmas Stopping, blooming, and straggling of directed energetic electrons in hydrogenic and arbitrary-z plasmas This model Monte Carlo 1 MeV e 1 MeV e C. K. Li and R. D. Petrasso MIT 47th Annual Meeting of the

More information

Background and sensitivity predictions for XENON1T

Background and sensitivity predictions for XENON1T Background and sensitivity predictions for XENON1T Marco Selvi INFN - Sezione di Bologna (on behalf of the XENON collaboration) Feb 19 th 016, UCLA Dark Matter 016 1 Outline Description of the detector;

More information

Il picco di Bragg. G. Battistoni INFN Milano. 08/06/2015 G. Battistoni

Il picco di Bragg. G. Battistoni INFN Milano. 08/06/2015 G. Battistoni Il picco di Bragg G. Battistoni INFN Milano 08/06/015 G. Battistoni 1 Φ(z) The physics of Bragg Peak 180 MeV proton in water Longitudinal profile: Transversel profile: Φ(z,x) dominated by interaction with

More information

Measurements of liquid xenon s response to low-energy particle interactions

Measurements of liquid xenon s response to low-energy particle interactions Measurements of liquid xenon s response to low-energy particle interactions Payam Pakarha Supervised by: Prof. L. Baudis May 5, 2013 1 / 37 Outline introduction Direct Dark Matter searches XENON experiment

More information

(10%) (c) What other peaks can appear in the pulse-height spectrum if the detector were not small? Give a sketch and explain briefly.

(10%) (c) What other peaks can appear in the pulse-height spectrum if the detector were not small? Give a sketch and explain briefly. Sample questions for Quiz 3, 22.101 (Fall 2006) Following questions were taken from quizzes given in previous years by S. Yip. They are meant to give you an idea of the kind of questions (what was expected

More information

MCRT L8: Neutron Transport

MCRT L8: Neutron Transport MCRT L8: Neutron Transport Recap fission, absorption, scattering, cross sections Fission products and secondary neutrons Slow and fast neutrons Energy spectrum of fission neutrons Nuclear reactor safety

More information

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN. EEE4101F / EEE4103F: Basic Nuclear Physics Problem Set 04. Due 12:00 (!) Wednesday 8 April 2015

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN. EEE4101F / EEE4103F: Basic Nuclear Physics Problem Set 04. Due 12:00 (!) Wednesday 8 April 2015 UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN EEE4101F / EEE4103F: Basic Nuclear Physics Problem Set 04 Due 12:00 (!) Wednesday 8 April 2015 1) Explain the concept of a cross-section, using language that a high-school teacher

More information

Radiation (Particle) Detection and Measurement

Radiation (Particle) Detection and Measurement Radiation (Particle) Detection and Measurement Radiation detection implies that the radiation interacts (e.g. leaves at least part of its energy) in the material. A specific material is chosen, because

More information

Interazioni delle particelle cariche. G. Battistoni INFN Milano

Interazioni delle particelle cariche. G. Battistoni INFN Milano Interazioni delle particelle cariche G. Battistoni INFN Milano Collisional de/dx of heavy charged particles A particle is heavy if m part >>m electron. The energy loss is due to collision with atomic electrons.

More information

Technical Specifications and Requirements on Direct detection for Dark Matter Searches

Technical Specifications and Requirements on Direct detection for Dark Matter Searches Technical Specifications and Requirements on Direct detection for Dark Matter Searches Jin Li THU/IHEP Symposium of the Sino-German GDT Cooperation 04/08/2013 Tübingen Outline Introduction Direct detection

More information

Neutron Interactions Part I. Rebecca M. Howell, Ph.D. Radiation Physics Y2.5321

Neutron Interactions Part I. Rebecca M. Howell, Ph.D. Radiation Physics Y2.5321 Neutron Interactions Part I Rebecca M. Howell, Ph.D. Radiation Physics rhowell@mdanderson.org Y2.5321 Why do we as Medical Physicists care about neutrons? Neutrons in Radiation Therapy Neutron Therapy

More information

EEE4101F / EEE4103F Radiation Interactions & Detection

EEE4101F / EEE4103F Radiation Interactions & Detection EEE4101F / EEE4103F Radiation Interactions & Detection 1. Interaction of Radiation with Matter Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za March

More information

remsstrahlung 1 Bremsstrahlung

remsstrahlung 1 Bremsstrahlung remsstrahlung 1 Bremsstrahlung remsstrahlung 2 Bremsstrahlung A fast moving charged particle is decelerated in the Coulomb field of atoms. A fraction of its kinetic energy is emitted in form of real photons.

More information

Physics of Radiotherapy. Lecture II: Interaction of Ionizing Radiation With Matter

Physics of Radiotherapy. Lecture II: Interaction of Ionizing Radiation With Matter Physics of Radiotherapy Lecture II: Interaction of Ionizing Radiation With Matter Charge Particle Interaction Energetic charged particles interact with matter by electrical forces and lose kinetic energy

More information

Physics of Particle Beams. Hsiao-Ming Lu, Ph.D., Jay Flanz, Ph.D., Harald Paganetti, Ph.D. Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School

Physics of Particle Beams. Hsiao-Ming Lu, Ph.D., Jay Flanz, Ph.D., Harald Paganetti, Ph.D. Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Physics of Particle Beams Hsiao-Ming Lu, Ph.D., Jay Flanz, Ph.D., Harald Paganetti, Ph.D. Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School PTCOG 53 Education Session, Shanghai, 2014 Dose External

More information

University of Oslo. Department of Physics. Interaction Between Ionizing Radiation And Matter, Part 2 Charged-Particles.

University of Oslo. Department of Physics. Interaction Between Ionizing Radiation And Matter, Part 2 Charged-Particles. Interaction Between Ionizing Radiation And Matter, Part Charged-Particles Audun Sanderud Excitation / ionization Incoming charged particle interact with atom/molecule: Ionization Excitation Ion pair created

More information

Physics 100 PIXE F06

Physics 100 PIXE F06 Introduction: Ion Target Interaction Elastic Atomic Collisions Very low energies, typically below a few kev Surface composition and structure Ion Scattering spectrometry (ISS) Inelastic Atomic Collisions

More information

TWO-PHASE DETECTORS USING THE NOBLE LIQUID XENON. Henrique Araújo Imperial College London

TWO-PHASE DETECTORS USING THE NOBLE LIQUID XENON. Henrique Araújo Imperial College London TWO-PHASE DETECTORS USING THE NOBLE LIQUID XENON Henrique Araújo Imperial College London Oxford University 18 th October 2016 OUTLINE Two-phase xenon for (dark) radiation detection Instrumenting a liquid

More information

Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 1. Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4

Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 1. Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 1 Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 Simulation of Multiple Coulomb scattering in GEANT4 2 Single Coulomb scattering Single Coulomb

More information

Interaction of Particles with Matter

Interaction of Particles with Matter Chapter 10 Interaction of Particles with Matter A scattering process at an experimental particle physics facility is called an event. Stable particles emerging from an event are identified and their momenta

More information

The next three lectures will address interactions of charged particles with matter. In today s lecture, we will talk about energy transfer through

The next three lectures will address interactions of charged particles with matter. In today s lecture, we will talk about energy transfer through The next three lectures will address interactions of charged particles with matter. In today s lecture, we will talk about energy transfer through the property known as stopping power. In the second lecture,

More information

Number of x-rays Energy (kev)

Number of x-rays Energy (kev) 2500 Number of x-rays 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Energy (kev) The Characteristic X-ray Wavelengths Electronic transitions within inner shells of heavier atoms are accompanied by large

More information

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics Particle Detectors Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, werner.riegler@cern.ch History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics The Real World of Particles Interaction of Particles

More information

Studying Nuclear Structure

Studying Nuclear Structure Microscope for the Studying Nuclear Structure with s School of Physics Seoul National University November 15, 2004 Outline s Microscope for the s Smaller, smaller Quest for basic building blocks of the

More information

Interactions of Radiation with Matter

Interactions of Radiation with Matter Main points from last week's lecture: Decay of Radioactivity Mathematics description nly yields probabilities and averages Interactions of Radiation with Matter William Hunter, PhD" Decay equation: N(t)

More information

Background Neutron Studies for Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Measurements at the SNS

Background Neutron Studies for Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Measurements at the SNS Background Neutron Studies for Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Measurements at the SNS D. Markoff (NC Central University, Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory) For the COHERENT Collaboration

More information

Hadronic Showers. KIP Journal Club: Calorimetry and Jets 2009/10/28 A.Kaplan & A.Tadday

Hadronic Showers. KIP Journal Club: Calorimetry and Jets 2009/10/28 A.Kaplan & A.Tadday Hadronic Showers KIP Journal Club: Calorimetry and Jets 2009/10/28 A.Kaplan & A.Tadday Hadronic Showers em + strong interaction with absorber similarities to em-showers, but much more complex different

More information

Interplay between scintillation and ionization in liquid xenon Dark Matter searches

Interplay between scintillation and ionization in liquid xenon Dark Matter searches Interplay between scintillation and ionization in liquid xenon Dark Matter searches Fedor Bezrukov, Felix Kahlhoefer, Manfred Lindner To cite this version: Fedor Bezrukov, Felix Kahlhoefer, Manfred Lindner.

More information

Radiative-capture reactions

Radiative-capture reactions Radiative-capture reactions P. Descouvemont Physique Nucléaire Théorique et Physique Mathématique, CP229, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B1050 Bruxelles - Belgium 1. Introduction, definitions 2. Electromagnetic

More information

Decays and Scattering. Decay Rates Cross Sections Calculating Decays Scattering Lifetime of Particles

Decays and Scattering. Decay Rates Cross Sections Calculating Decays Scattering Lifetime of Particles Decays and Scattering Decay Rates Cross Sections Calculating Decays Scattering Lifetime of Particles 1 Decay Rates There are THREE experimental probes of Elementary Particle Interactions - bound states

More information

Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter

Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter In addition to the references listed in the first lecture (of this part of the course) see also Calorimetry in High Energy Physics by Richard Wigmans. (Oxford

More information

Electron-positron production in kinematic conditions of PrimEx

Electron-positron production in kinematic conditions of PrimEx Electron-positron production in kinematic conditions of PrimEx Alexandr Korchin Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine 1 We consider photoproduction of e + e pairs on a nucleus

More information

Airo International Research Journal October, 2015 Volume VI, ISSN:

Airo International Research Journal October, 2015 Volume VI, ISSN: 1 INTERACTION BETWEEN CHARGED PARTICLE AND MATTER Kamaljeet Singh NET Qualified Declaration of Author: I hereby declare that the content of this research paper has been truly made by me including the title

More information

Scintillation Efficiency of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon. T. Wongjirad, L. Kastens, A. Manzur, K. Ni, and D.N. McKinsey Yale University

Scintillation Efficiency of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon. T. Wongjirad, L. Kastens, A. Manzur, K. Ni, and D.N. McKinsey Yale University Scintillation Efficiency of Nuclear Recoils in Liquid Xenon T. Wongjirad, L. Kastens, A. Manzur, K. Ni, and D.N. McKinsey Yale University Scintillation Efficiency! By Definition: Ratio of light produced

More information

Heavy charged particle passage through matter

Heavy charged particle passage through matter Heavy charged particle passage through matter Peter H. Hansen University of Copenhagen Content Bohrs argument The Bethe-Bloch formula The Landau distribution Penetration range Biological effects Bohrs

More information

Quantum mechanics of many-fermion systems

Quantum mechanics of many-fermion systems Quantum mechanics of many-fermion systems Kouichi Hagino Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 1. Identical particles: Fermions and Bosons 2. Simple examples: systems with two identical particles 3. Pauli principle

More information

Coherency in Neutrino-Nucleus Elastic Scattering

Coherency in Neutrino-Nucleus Elastic Scattering Coherency in Neutrino-Nucleus Elastic Scattering S. Kerman, V. Sharma, M. Deniz, H. T. Wong, J.-W. Chen, H. B. Li, S. T. Lin, C.-P. Liu and Q. Yue (TEXONO Collaboration) Institute of Physics, Academia

More information

Interaction of Particles and Matter

Interaction of Particles and Matter MORE CHAPTER 11, #7 Interaction of Particles and Matter In this More section we will discuss briefly the main interactions of charged particles, neutrons, and photons with matter. Understanding these interactions

More information

The Atom. Result for Hydrogen. For example: the emission spectrum of Hydrogen: Screen. light. Hydrogen gas. Diffraction grating (or prism)

The Atom. Result for Hydrogen. For example: the emission spectrum of Hydrogen: Screen. light. Hydrogen gas. Diffraction grating (or prism) The Atom What was know about the atom in 1900? First, the existence of atoms was not universally accepted at this time, but for those who did think atoms existed, they knew: 1. Atoms are small, but they

More information

Interactions of Particulate Radiation with Matter. Purpose. Importance of particulate interactions

Interactions of Particulate Radiation with Matter. Purpose. Importance of particulate interactions Interactions of Particulate Radiation with Matter George Starkschall, Ph.D. Department of Radiation Physics U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Purpose To describe the various mechanisms by which particulate

More information

Ionization Detectors. Mostly Gaseous Detectors

Ionization Detectors. Mostly Gaseous Detectors Ionization Detectors Mostly Gaseous Detectors Introduction Ionization detectors were the first electrical devices developed for radiation detection During the first half of the century: 3 basic types of

More information

Selected Topics in Physics a lecture course for 1st year students by W.B. von Schlippe Spring Semester 2007

Selected Topics in Physics a lecture course for 1st year students by W.B. von Schlippe Spring Semester 2007 Selected Topics in Physics a lecture course for 1st year students by W.B. von Schlippe Spring Semester 2007 Lecture 11 1.) Determination of parameters of the SEMF 2.) α decay 3.) Nuclear energy levels

More information

3. Gas Detectors General introduction

3. Gas Detectors General introduction 3. Gas Detectors 3.1. General introduction principle ionizing particle creates primary and secondary charges via energy loss by ionization (Bethe Bloch, chapter 2) N0 electrons and ions charges drift in

More information

Paolo Agnes Laboratoire APC, Université Paris 7 on behalf of the DarkSide Collaboration. Dark Matter 2016 UCLA 17th - 19th February 2016

Paolo Agnes Laboratoire APC, Université Paris 7 on behalf of the DarkSide Collaboration. Dark Matter 2016 UCLA 17th - 19th February 2016 Paolo Agnes Laboratoire APC, Université Paris 7 on behalf of the DarkSide Collaboration Dark Matter 2016 UCLA 17th - 19th February 2016 The DarkSide program 2 Double Phase Liquid Argon TPC, a staged approach:

More information

Hans-Herbert Fischer and Klaus Thiel

Hans-Herbert Fischer and Klaus Thiel A simulation tool for the calculation of NIEL in arbitrary materials using GEANT4 - Some new results - Hans-Herbert Fischer and Klaus Thiel Nuclear Chemistry Dept. University of Köln, FRG ESA GSP 2005

More information

Chapter 44. Nuclear Structure

Chapter 44. Nuclear Structure Chapter 44 Nuclear Structure Milestones in the Development of Nuclear Physics 1896: the birth of nuclear physics Becquerel discovered radioactivity in uranium compounds Rutherford showed the radiation

More information

Precision Measurement Of Nuclear Recoil Ionization Yields For Low Mass Wimp Searches

Precision Measurement Of Nuclear Recoil Ionization Yields For Low Mass Wimp Searches Precision Measurement Of Nuclear Recoil Ionization Yields For Low Mass Wimp Searches Tarek Saab University of Florida Tali Figueroa Northwestern University Calibration of Low Energy Particle Detectors

More information

Particle Detectors. How to See the Invisible

Particle Detectors. How to See the Invisible Particle Detectors How to See the Invisible Which Subatomic Particles are Seen? Which particles live long enough to be visible in a detector? 2 Which Subatomic Particles are Seen? Protons Which particles

More information

Particle Physics Homework Assignment 4

Particle Physics Homework Assignment 4 Particle Physics Homework Assignment 4 Prof. Costas Foudas March 01 Problem 1: Show the the momentum, p of a particle moving in a circular trajectory of radius, R, in a magnetic field, B, is given by:

More information

Physics 736. Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics. Lecture 3

Physics 736. Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics. Lecture 3 Physics 736 Experimental Methods in Nuclear-, Particle-, and Astrophysics Lecture 3 Karsten Heeger heeger@wisc.edu Review of Last Lecture a colleague shows you this data... what type of reaction is this?

More information

Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis

Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis Terry L. Alford Arizona State University Tempe, AZ, USA Leonard C. Feldman Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA James W. Mayer Arizona State University Tempe,

More information

CHANNELING IN DIRECT DARK MATTER DETECTION

CHANNELING IN DIRECT DARK MATTER DETECTION CHANNELING IN DIRECT DARK MATTER DETECTION Nassim Bozorgnia UCLA Based on work in progress with G. Gelmini and P. Gondolo SNOWPAC 2010 Outline Channeling and blocking in crystals Channeling effect in direct

More information