20.3 Applying the Zero Product Property to Solve Equations
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1 Name Class Date 2. Applying the Zero Product Property to Solve Equations Essential Question: How can you use the Zero Product Property to solve quadratic equations in factored form? Resource Locker Explore Understanding the Zero Product Property For all real numbers a and b, if the product of the two quantities equals zero, then at least one of the quantities equals zero. For all real numbers a and b, the following is true. Zero Product Property Words Sample Numbers Algebra If the product of two quantities equals zero, at least one of the quantities equals zero. 9 ( ) = (4) = If ab =, then a = or b =. A B C Consider the equation (x - )(x + 8) =. Let a = x - and b = x + 8. Since ab =, you know that a = or b =. x - = or x + 8 = Solve for x. x - = or x + 8 = D E -8 So, the solutions of the equation (x - )(x + 8) = are and -8. Recall that the solutions of an equation are the zeros of the related function. So, the solutions of the equation (x - )(x + 8) = are the zeros of the related function (x - ) ƒ (x) = (x + 8) because they satisfy the equation ƒ(x) =. The solutions of the (x - )(x + 8) related function ƒ (x) = are and Describe how you can find the solutions of the equation (x - a) (x - b) = using the Zero Product Property. Let x - a = and x - b =, and then solve each equation for x. The solutions are a and b. Module Lesson
2 Explain 1 Applying the Zero Product Property to Functions When given a function of the form ƒ (x) = (x + a) (x + b), you can use the Zero Product Property to find the zeros of the function. Example 1 Find the zeros of each function. ƒ (x) = (x - 15) (x + 7) Set ƒ (x) equal to zero. (x - 15) (x + 7) = Apply the Zero Product Property. x - 15 = or x + 7 = Solve each equation for x The zeros are 15 and -7. ƒ (x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) Set ƒ (x) equal to zero. (x + 1) (x + 2) = Apply the Zero Product Property. x + 1 = or x + 2 = Solve for x The zeros are -1 and Discussion Jordie was asked to identify the zeros of the function ƒ (x) = (x - 5) (x + ). Her answers were -5 and. Do you agree or disagree? Explain. Disagree; If (x - 5) (x + ) =, then x - 5 = or x + = ; so 5 or -. How would you find the zeros of the function ƒ (x) = -4(x - 8)? The x-values that make f(x) = are zeros of the function, so solve -4(x - 8) =. The only solution is What are the zeros of the function ƒ (x) = x (x - 12)?Explain. and 12 because they are the solutions of x(x - 12) =. Find the zeros of each function. 5. ƒ (x) = (x - 1) (x - 6) 6. ƒ (x) = 7 (x - 1) (x + 12) (x - 1) (x - 6) = 7 (x - 1) (x + 12) = x - 1 =, so 1, or Since 7, set only the factors (x - 1) x - 6 =, so 6. and (x + 12) equal to and solve. The zeros are 1 and 6. x - 1 =, so 1, or x + 12 =, so -12. The zeros are 1 and -12. Module2 962 Lesson
3 Explain 2 Solving Quadratic Equations Using the Distributive Property and the Zero Product Property The Distributive Property states that, for real numbers a, b, and c, a (b + c) = ab + ac and ab + ac = a (b + c). The Distributive Property applies to polynomials, as well. For instance, x (x - 4) + 5 (x - 4) = (x + 5) (x - 4). You can use the Distributive Property along with the Zero Product Property to solve certain equations. Example 2 Solve each equation using the Distributive Property and the Zero Product Property. x (x - 4) + 5 (x - 4) = Use the Distributive Property to rewrite x (x -4) +5 ( x -4) = ( x +5) ( x - 4) the expression x (x -4) +5 ( x - 4) as a product. Rewrite the equation. (x +5) ( x -4) = Apply the Zero Product Property. x + 5 = or x - 4 = Solve each equation for x The solutions are - 5_ and (x + 2) + x (x + 2) = - 5_ Use the Distributive Property to rewrite -9(x +2) + x (x +2) = ( -9 + x) ( ) x + 2 the expression -9 (x +2) + x (x + 2) as a product. Rewrite the equation. ( + x) ( x + ) = Apply the Zero Product Property or x + 2 = -9 2 Solve each equation for x. 9-2 The solutions are and How can you solve the equation 5x (x - ) + 4x - 12 = using the Distributive Property? Factor 4x - 12 as 4 (x - ) first. Then 5x (x - ) + 4 (x - ) = becomes (5x + 4) (x - ) =. Solve each equation using the Distributive Property and the Zero Product Property. 8. 7x (x - 11) - 2 (x - 11) = 9. -8x (x + 6) + x + 18 = (7x - 2) (x - 11) = 7x - 2 = or x - 11 = x (x + 6) + (x + 6) = (-8x + ) (x + 6) = -8x + = or x + 6 = 8-6 Module2 96 Lesson
4 Explain Solving Real-World Problems Using the Zero Product Property The height of one diver above the water during a dive can be modeled by the equation h = -4 (4t + 5) (t - ),where h is height in feet and t is time in seconds. Find the time it takes for the diver to reach the water. Analyze Information Identify the important information. The height of the diver is given by the equation h = -4(4t + 5) (t - ). The diver reaches the water when h =. Formulate a Plan To find the time it takes for the diver to reach the water, set the equation equal to and use the Property to solve for t. Solve Set the equation equal to zero. -4(4t + 5) (t - ) = Apply the Zero Product Property. 4 t + 5 = or t - = Since -4, set the other factors equal to. Solve each equation for x. 4t + 5 = or t - = - 5 4t = -5 t = The zeros are t = and t =. Since time cannot be negative, the time it takes 4 for the diver to reach the the water is seconds. Justify and Evaluate Check to see that the answer is reasonable by substituting for t in the equation -4(4t + 5) (t - ) =. 12-4(4() + 5) (() - ) = -4( + 5) ( - ) = -4( 17 )( ) = t = Image Credits: Paul Souders/Corbis Since the equation is equal to will reach the water after for t =, the solution is reasonable. The diver seconds. Module2 964 Lesson
5 1. If you were to graph the function ƒ (t) = -4(4t + 5) (t - ), what points would be associated with the zeros of the function? The x-intercepts of the graph of the function, 5 (- 4, ) and (, ) 11. The height of a golf ball after it has been hit from the top of a hill can be modeled by the equation h = -8 (2t - 4) (t + 1), where h is height in feet and t is time in seconds. How long is the ball in the air? The ball is in the air from the time it leaves the ground to the time it returns to the ground. The height of the ball when it returns to the ground is h =. Set the equation equal to. -8 (2t - 4) (t + 1) = Since -8, set the factors (2t - 4) and (t + 1) equal to and solve each equation. 2t - 4 =, so t = 2, or t + 1 =, so t = -1. The zeros are t = 2 and t = -1. Since time cannot be negative, the ball is in the air for 2 seconds. Elaborate 12. Can you use the Zero Product Property to find the zeros of the function ƒ (x) = (x - 1) + (2-9x)? Explain. No; the expression (x - 1) + (2-9x) is not a product of factors, so the Zero Product Property cannot be used. 1. Suppose a and b are the zeros of a function. Name two points on the graph of the function and explain how you know they are on the graph. What are the points called? (a, ) and (b, ) ; zeros of a function are values of x that make the function value ; (a, ) and (b, ) are the x-intercepts of the graph of the function. 14. Essential Question Check-In Suppose you are given a quadratic function in factored form that is set equal to. Why can you solve it by setting each factor equal to? The Zero Product Property states that if the product of two numbers is, then at least one of the numbers must be. A quadratic function in factored form is the product of two linear factors, so at least one of the factors must be. Module Lesson
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