June 10th 2013 Friedrich Arnold Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E

Transcription

1 Energy efficient refrigeration Household Refrigerating Appliances IEC ,-2,-3 Edition 1 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 th to 11 th June 2013 Universität Bonn June 10th 2013 Friedrich Arnold Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E

2 Household Refrigerating Appliances - Characteristics and Test Methods Performance standards currently used Energy Labels Revision of the EN (Europe) New global performance standard (IEC ,-2,-3) History Shortcomings of the current standard Most important modifications within the new standard Part 1 General requirements Part 2 Performance requirements Part 3 Energy consumption and volume B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 2

3 Performance Standards, Current situation Europe EN ISO / IEC USA ANSI/AHAM HRF Japan JIS C9801: 2006 Australia / New Zealand AS/NZS 4474 Different test conditions - Ambient temperature - Compartment temperatures - Load - Door openings Different energy consumption values (Labels are not comparable) Different energy efficiency schemes B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 3

4 Energy labels Europe Australia USA China Europe new Turkey South Korea Japan B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 4

5 EU Energy- Label (introduction 1995) EEI Thresholds A+++ < 22 % A++ < 30 % A+ < 42 % EEI < 42 A < 55 % EEI < 55 B < 75 % C < 90 % D < 100 % 1999 EEI < 100 E < 110 % F < 125 % G > 125 % B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 5

6 New global performance standard History (1) According the introduction of different appliance types several standards were defined ISO 7371 ISO 5155 ISO 8187 ISO 8561 Household refrigerating appliances (Refrigerators with/without low-temperature compartment) Household refrigerating appliances (Frozen food storage cabinets and food freezer) Household refrigerating appliances (Refrigerator freezers) These standards were used in Europe as EN ISO xxxx standards Household frost-free refrigerating appliances (Refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, frozen food storage cabinets and food freezers cooled by internal forced air circulation) ISO was available in 2005 (summarization and revision of these 4 standards) EN ISO currently used for EU Energy Label and Eco Design Regulation Responsibility for household refrigerating appliances changed from ISO (ISO15502) to IEC (IEC62552) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 6

7 New global performance standard History (2) Basic idea was to develop one performance standard for household cooling appliances which will be used worldwide for energy efficiency classes (label) and minimum efficiency performance limits Within IEC TC59M a working group was established Delegates from Germany, Italy, UK, The Netherlands, USA, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, China and other countries joined this working group All appliance types currently on the market were analysed and tested to define a robust procedure for the determination of the energy consumption The draft of the new global standard was finished in March 2013 In May 2013 start of CDV is planned B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 7

8 Shortcomings of the current standard A relatively large uncertainty is present in the energy consumption test (Cold appliance European Ring Test, report TNO-MEP R2001/108) The energy consumption is measured at a single ambient temperature (25 C) (Significant differences between products at other temperatures are not taken into consideration) The fresh food target temperature is relatively high (5 C) Circumvention is relatively easily possible and not prevented by the standard Volume measurements are sensitive to interpretation differences The storage temperature tests are very lengthy The test procedures are not suited for frost-free appliances with variable defrosting algorithms The freezing capacity determination is complicated and can take an extreme amount of time No performance test defined for the cooling capacity of refrigerators Testing costs are relatively high B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 8

9 New global performance standard modifications (1) Complete rewrite of the current standard IEC Correction or elimination of numerous weak or ambiguous points Many additions and changes over time and new features in the appliances are taken into consideration Modification energy consumption testing Appliance is tested in empty condition (currently loaded with packages) - Already current praxis in other standards (e.g. in USA, Australia/New Zealand) - Various experiments have shown a reasonable agreement between loaded an unloaded tests - As a result a significant reduction of the uncertainty in the test results is expected - Test time will be shortened since the thermal capacity of the frozen food compartment is very much reduced - The thermal capacity itself has only a minor impact to the energy consumption B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 9

10 New global performance standard modifications (2) Modification to energy consumption testing Tests are to be performed at two ambient temperatures (16 C and 32 C instead of 25 C only) - Circumvention is significantly more difficult - It will automatically lead to a better ranking of products which control their compartments well at all ambient temperatures - The rated energy consumption will be calculated by a combination of that 16 C and 32 C - The weighting factor between these two results is not defined in the standard and can be different depending on the region The fresh food compartment temperature is reduced to 4 C B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 10

11 New global performance standard modifications (3) Modification to energy consumption testing A new adaptive test algorithm is introduced - This adaptive test algorithm defines the time needed for a stable and reproducible test - Algorithm achieves very short test times for regular behaving products - Test time for appliances with irregular control behaviour will be automatically increased - Algorithm is also applicable to frost-free appliances. Incremental energy resulting from a defrost is separately measured and added to the stationary result - This new procedure will reduce the uncertainty and the costs of the tests Modification of the temperature performance testing Storage temperature tests are still performed with packages - Warmest package must meet the -18 C criterion at all ambient temperatures rated - Load scheme is drastically simplified. Only 0.5 kg packages used - Reproducibility problems between test labs concerning interpretation issues are reduced B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 11

12 New global performance standard modifications (4) Modification of the temperature performance testing New cooling capacity performance test is introduced for fresh food compartments - Addresses a general consumer concern that efficient appliances could not have the cooling capacity to refrigerate a reasonable load within a certain time The freezing capacity test has been converted to a freezing time test - Time needed to freeze a predefined load is registered - The typical trial and error process is eliminated - The new test time algorithm reduces the time required for a storage temperature test to typically two or three days (current standard requires several more days) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 12

13 New global performance standard modifications (5) Other relevant modifications Volumes measurement will be based what we call the cooled volume - Net volume of current standard is prone to interpretation differences - Fundamental problem is that net or usable volume is very difficult to define Appliance can be used with various configurations - Simplification in volume determination will lead to a reduced uncertainty in the measurement and les reproducibility issues between test labs B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 13

14 New global performance standard structure IEC ,-2,-3 Part 1: General requirements Scope, definitions, instrumentation, test room and set up Part 2: Performance requirements Performance tests and requirements Part 3: Energy consumption and volume Energy consumption and volume determination B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 14

15 Part 1: General Requirements Definitions and general aspects 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 4 Classification 5 Marking 6 Technical and commercial product information 7 Instructions (informative) Annex A (normative) Test room and instrumentation Annex B (normative) Preparation of an appliance for testing and general measurement procedures Annex C (normative) Test packages Annex D (normative) Determination of compartment average air temperature Annex E (normative) Details of identification symbols Annex F (normative) Items to be included in the test report Annex G (normative) Wine Storage Appliances 8 Bibliography B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 15

16 Part 1: New / changed modifications Pantry compartment 14 C 20 C, 17 C Zero star compartment 0 C, 0 C Wine storage compartment 5 C 20 C, 12 C Only one test package size used, 500g (50x100x100mm) Location of temperature sensors Storage test: with / without packages location of M-packages predefined Energy test: without packages number and location of sensors is predefined for all compartments B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 16

17 Part 1: Symbols B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 17

18 Part 1: Operating cycle definitions B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 18

19 Part 1: Location of temperature sensors (example) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 19

20 Part 2: Location of freezer test packages, including M packages B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 20

21 Part 1: Standard bottle, wine storage appliances B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 21

22 Part 1: Temperature measurement points, wine storage appliances B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 22

23 Part 2: Performance Requirements 1 Scope 2 Performance requirements and tests covered in this part 3 General test conditions 4 Storage test 5 Cooling capacity test - new 6 Freezing capacity test 7 Automatic ice-making capacity test Annex A (normative) Pull-down test - new Annex B (normative) Wine storage appliances and compartments; Storage test Annex C (normative) Temperature rise test Annex D (normative) Water vapour condensation test B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 23

24 Part 2: New / changed modifications Loading requirements are simplified New analysis procedure for determination of stable operating conditions and energy consumption -> independent from the operator, -> exactly described for the various tests and test condition -> tool (Excel file) will be available to determine stable operation conditions -> optimization of test time (tested for all existing appliance types) Freezing capacity -> predefined mass (criteria 3,5 kg/100 l), load to be cooled from 25 C to -18 C -> the specific freezing capacity in [kg/12 h] will be calculated Cooling capacity -> predefined mass (criteria 4,5 kg/100 l), load to be cooled from 25 C to 10 C Pull down -> determine the time taken to meet pull-down temperatures for all compartments B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 24

25 Part 2: Compartment temperatures, storage test B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 25

26 Part 2: Test and M packages, cooling capacity test B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 26

27 Part 2: Pull-down temperatures B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 27

28 Part 3: Energy consumption and volume (1) Definitions and general aspects 1 Scope 2 Definitions 3 Appliance test steps for determination of energy and volume 4 Target temperatures for energy determination 5 Determination of energy consumption 6 circumvention 7 Uncertainty of measurement 8 Test report Annex A (normative) Set up for energy testing Annex B (normative) Determination of stable power and temperature Annex C (normative) Defrost and recovery energy and temperature change Annex D (normative) Defrost interval Annex E (normative) Interpolation of results Annex F (normative) Energy consumption of specified auxiliaries Annex G (normative) Determination of load processing energy efficiency B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 28

29 Part 3: Energy consumption and Volume (2) Annex H (normative) Annex I (informative) Determination of volume Worked examples of energy consumption calculations Annex J (informative) Development of the IEC global test method for refrigerating appliances Annex K (normative) Analysis of an refrigerating appliance without steady state between defrosts Annex L (informative) Verification issues and application of this standard for regulatory purposes Annex M (informative) Derivation of ambient temperature correction formula B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 29

30 Part 3: Energy consumption most important modifications Ambient temperatures 16 C and 32 C (currently 25 C only) Freezer compartment -> Unloaded -> At least 5 temperature measuring points are placed inside the freezer compartment -> Position of the temperature measuring points are predefined -> Average compartment temperature has to be considered Target temperatures for the different compartment types Pantry 17 C new zero star 0 C new Wine storage 12 C new 1 star - 6 C Cellar 12 C 2 star - 12 C Fresh food 4 C (5 C) 3 and 4 star - 18 C Chill 2 C (3 C) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 30

31 Part 3: Energy consumption determination of stable temperature Case SS1: No defrost control cycle or where stability is established for a period between defrosts Determination of the temperature slope and temperature spread: Comparison of 3 successive blocks, covering at least 5 temperature control cycles. Acceptance criteria -Total test period 6 h - Spread of temperature < 0.25K - Slope of temperature < 0.025K/h - Spread of power total test period < 12h => < 1% total test period 12 to 36h => f(time) total test period > 36h => < 3% - Slope of power < 0.25 %/h B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 31

32 Part 3: Energy consumption determination of stable power Case SS1: No defrost control cycle or where stability is established for a period between defrosts Determination of the power slope and power spread: Comparison of 3 successive blocks, covering at least 5 temperature control cycles. Acceptance criteria -Total test period 6 h - Spread of temperature < 0.25K - Slope of temperature < 0.025K/h - Spread of power total test period < 12h => < 1% total test period 12 to 36h => f(time) total test period > 36h => < 3% - Slope of power < 0.25 %/h B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 32

33 Part 3: Determination of defrost and recovery energy and temperature change Blocks D and F need to be compared and have to fulfil the steady state criteria Acceptance criteria - D and F 3 temperature control cycles - D and F 3 h length - Spread of temperature < 0.5K - Spread of power < 2% or 1 W - additional requirements... B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 33

34 Part 3: Energy consumption Evaluation of the energy consumption Energy consumption = Steady state energy consumption + defrost and recovery energy consumption Measuring methods are specified as well for: - specified auxiliaries - processing efficiency specified mass of water have to be cooled to a steady state condition Total energy consumption E total = f { E annual 16 C, E annual 32 C } f is a regional factor evaluating the annual energy at 16 C and 32 C. This factor is not defined by the standard and may vary by region (in connection with the regional energy label) B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 34

35 Part 3: Energy consumption, refrigerator with a defrost control cycle if stability can not be established using case SS1 Acceptance criteria for X and Y: 4 temperature control cycles (same number) 4 h in length ratio of length 0.8 to 1.25 spread of temperature for < 0.5K (per compartment) spread of power < 2% or 1 W initial defrost and recovery period is valid acc. AnnexC B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 35

36 Part 3: Energy consumption Required test time Due to the fact, that freezer compartments will be tested unloaded, the test time for fridge- freezers and freezers will be significantly shorter (adjustment of temperatures). Whereas the test time for simple fridges especially high efficient appliances, will be longer, mainly due to the strict requirements for the determination of steady state conditions. The test time will range between about 10 and 40 hours, according the complexity and efficiency of the appliance. B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 36

37 Part 3: Determination of volume The volume determination is compared to the current procedure simplified. New principle: The cooled volume will be considered B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 37

38 Part 3: Circumvention B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 38

39 Influence of the New Standard to Energy Labels and Energy Efficiency Limits Since the test procedure and test conditions for the determination of the energy consumption are quite different compared to the currently used standards the values for energy consumption will be different for all existing energy labels All energy label systems need to be adjusted to the new test procedure All energy efficiency limits must be adjusted to the new test procedure China distributed already a draft for the their new energy label which includes the maost important definitions of the new standard (freezer unloaded, 16 C and 32 C ambient temperature, etc.) Australia announced via an official paper that it is planned to use the new standard in line with the revision of their energy label in 2015 B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 39

40 List of references Drafts and standards: 59M/33/CD: IEC Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 1: General requirements 59M/45/CD: IEC Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 2: Performance requirements 59M/46/CD: IEC Ed.1, Household refrigerating appliances - Characteristics and test methods - Part 3: Energy consumption and volume IEC 62552, Edition 1.0, CECED / Brussels and test institut Re/Gent,Helmond, The Netherlands Re/gent Note: / CE10 / V2, 21/11/2012 B O S C H U N D S I E M E N S H A U S G E R Ä T E G R U P P E 5 th International Cold Chain Management Workshop, 10 to 11 June 2013, Folie: 40