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2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5801 Second edition Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Industrial fans Performance testing using standardized airways Ventilateurs industriels Essais aérauliques sur circuits normalisés Reference number ISO 5801:007(E) ISO 007

3 ISO 5801:007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded tyefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing olicy, this file may be rinted or viewed but shall not be edited unless the tyefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the comuter erforming the editing. In downloading this file, arties accet therein the resonsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing olicy. The ISO Central Secretariat accets no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incororated. Details of the software roducts used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation arameters were otimized for rinting. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a roblem relating to it is found, lease inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise secified, no art of this ublication may be reroduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including hotocoying and microfilm, without ermission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO coyright office Case ostale 56 CH-111 Geneva 0 Tel Fax coyright@iso.org Web Published in Switzerland ii ISO 007 All rights reserved

4 ISO 5801:007(E) Contents Page Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Foreword... vii Introduction... viii 1 Scoe... 1 Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and units Symbols Subscrits General Instruments for ressure measurement Barometers Manometers Daming of manometers Checking of manometers Position of manometers... 7 Determination of average ressure in an airway Methods of measurement Use of wall taings Construction of taings Position and connections Checks for comliance Use of Pitot-static tube Measurement of temerature Thermometers Thermometer location Humidity Measurement of rotational seed Fan shaft seed Accetable instruments Determination of ower inut Measurement accuracy Fan shaft ower Determination of fan shaft ower by electrical measurement Imeller ower Transmission systems Measurement of dimensions and determination of areas Flow-measurement devices Tolerance on dimensions Determination of cross-sectional area Determination of air density, humid gas constant and viscosity Density of air in the test enclosure at section x Determination of vaour ressure Determination of air viscosity Determination of flow rate General ISO 007 All rights reserved iii

5 ISO 5801:007(E) Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 13. In-line flowmeters (standard rimary devices) Traverse methods Calculation of test results General Units Temerature Mach number and reference conditions Fan ressure Calculation of stagnation ressure at a reference section of the fan from gauge ressure, ex, measured at a section x of the test duct Inlet volume flow rate Fan air ower and efficiency Rules for conversion of test results Laws on fan similarity Conversion rules Fan characteristic curves General Methods of lotting Characteristic curves at constant seed Characteristic curves at inherent seed Characteristic curves for adjustable-duty fan Comlete fan characteristic curve Test for a secified duty Uncertainty analysis Princile Pre-test and ost-test analysis Analysis rocedure Proagation of uncertainties Reorting uncertainties Maximum allowable uncertainties measurement Maximum allowable uncertainty of results Selection of test method Classification Installation categories Test reort User installations Alternative methods Duct simulation Installation of fan and test airways Inlets and outlets Airways Test enclosure Matching fan and airway Outlet area Carrying out the test Working fluid Rotational seed Steady oeration Ambient conditions Pressure readings Tests for a secified duty Tests for a fan characteristic curve Oerating range Determination of flow rate Multile nozzle Conical or bellmouth inlet iv ISO 007 All rights reserved

6 ISO 5801:007(E) Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 1.3 Orifice late Pilot-static tube traverse (see ISO 3966 and ISO 51) Determination of flow rate using multile nozzles Installation Geometric form Inlet zone Multile-nozzle characteristics Uncertainty Determination of flow rate using a conical or bellmouth inlet Geometric form Screen loading Inlet zone Conical inlet erformance Bellmouth inlet erformance Uncertainties Determination of flow rate using an orifice late Installation Orifice late Ducts Pressure taings Calculation of mass flow rate Reynolds number In-duct orifice with D and D/ tas [see Figure 0 a) and ISO ] Outlet orifice with wall taings [see Figure 0 c) and e)] Determination of flow rate using a Pitot-static tube traverse General Pitot-static tube Limits of air velocity Location of measurement oints Determination of flow rate Flow rate coefficient Uncertainty of measurement Installation and setu categories Category A: free inlet and free outlet Category B: free inlet and ducted outlet Category C: ducted inlet and free outlet Category D: ducted inlet and ducted outlet Test installation tye Flow straighteners Tyes of straightener Rules for use of a straightener Common-segment airways for ducted fan installations Common segments Common segment at fan outlet Common segment at fan inlet Outlet duct simulation Inlet duct simulation Loss allowances for standardized airways Standardized test chambers Test chamber Variable suly and exhaust systems Standardized inlet test chambers Standardized outlet test chambers Standard methods with test chambers Category A installations Tyes of fan setu ISO 007 All rights reserved v

7 ISO 5801:007(E) Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 30. Inlet-side test chambers Outlet-side test chambers Standard test methods with outlet-side test ducts Category B installations Tyes of fan setu Outlet-side test ducts with antiswirl device Outlet chamber test ducts without antiswirl device Standard test methods with inlet-side test ducts or chambers Category C installations Tyes of fan setu Inlet-side test ducts Inlet-side test chambers Standard methods with inlet- and outlet-side test ducts Category D installations Tyes of fan setu Installation category B with outlet antiswirl device and with an additional inlet duct or inlet-duct simulation Installation category B without outlet antiswirl device nor common segment, modified with addition of an inlet duct or inlet-duct simulation Installation category C with common inlet duct, modified with the addition of an outlet common segment with antiswirl device Installation category C, modified with the addition of an outlet-duct simulation without antiswirl device Annex A (normative) Fan ressure and fan installation category Annex B (normative) Fan-owered roof exhaust ventilators Annex C (informative) Chamber leakage test rocedure Annex D (informative) Fan outlet elbow in the case of a non-horizontal discharge axis Annex E (informative) Electrical inut ower consumed by a fan installation... 0 Annex F (informative) Preferred methods of erformance testing... 7 Bibliograhy... 8 vi ISO 007 All rights reserved

8 ISO 5801:007(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of rearing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be reresented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take art in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). The main task of technical committees is to reare International Standards. Draft International Standards adoted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires aroval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of atent rights. ISO shall not be held resonsible for identifying any or all such atent rights. ISO 5801 was reared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 117, Industrial fans. This second edition cancels and relaces the first edition (ISO 5801:1997), which has been technically revised. ISO 007 All rights reserved vii

9 ISO 5801:007(E) Introduction This International Standard is the result of almost 30 years of discussion, comarative testing and detailed analyses by leading secialists from the fan industry and research organizations throughout the world. It was demonstrated many years ago that the codes for fan erformance testing established in different countries do not always lead to the same results. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). The need for an International Standard has been evident for some time and Technical Committee ISO/TC 117 started its work in Imortant rogress has been achieved over the years and, although the International Standard itself was not yet ublished, the successive revisions of various national standards led to much better agreement among them. It has now become ossible to comlete this International Standard by agreement on certain essential oints. It must be borne in mind that the test equiment, esecially for large fans, is very exensive and it was necessary to include in this International Standard many setus from various national codes in order to authorize their future use. This exlains the sheer volume of this document. Essential features of this International Standard are as follows: a) Categories of installation Since the connection of a duct to a fan outlet and/or inlet modifies its erformance, it has been agreed that four standard installation categories should be recognized (see 18.). A fan adatable to more than one installation category will have more than one standardized erformance characteristic. Users should select the installation category closest to their alication. b) Common arts The differences obtained by testing the same fan according to various test codes deend chiefly on the flow attern at the fan outlet and, while often minor, can be of substantial significance. There is general agreement that it is essential that all standardized test airways to be used with fans have ortions in common adjacent to the fan inlet and/or outlet sufficient to ensure consistent determination of fan ressure. Geometric variations of these common segments are strictly limited. However, conventional agreement has been achieved for some articular situations: 1) For fans where the outlet swirl is less than 15, i.e. centrifugal, cross-flow or vane-axial fans, it is ossible to use a simlified outlet duct without straightener when discharging to the atmoshere or to a measuring chamber. If there is any doubt about the degree of swirl, then a test should be erformed to establish how much is resent. ) For large fans (outlet diameter exceeding 800 mm), it may be difficult to carry out the tests with standardized common airways at the outlet including a straightener. In this case, by mutual agreement between the arties concerned, the fan erformance may be measured using a duct of length 3D on the outlet side. Results obtained in this way may differ to some extent from those obtained using the normal category D installation, esecially if the fan roduces a large swirl. Establishment of a ossible value of differences, is still a subject of research. viii ISO 007 All rights reserved

10 ISO 5801:007(E) c) Calculations Fan ressure is defined as the difference between the stagnation ressure at the outlet of the fan and the stagnation ressure at the inlet of the fan. The comressibility of air must be taken into account when high accuracy is required. However, simlified methods may be used when the reference Mach number does not exceed 0,15. A method for calculating the stagnation ressure and the fluid or static ressure in a reference section of the fan, which stemmed from the work of the ad hoc grou of Subcommittee 1 of ISO/TC 117, is given in Annex C. Three methods are roosed for calculation of the fan ower outut and efficiency. All three methods give very similar results (difference of a few arts er thousand for ressure ratios equal to 1,3). d) Flow rate measurement Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Determination of flow rate has been comletely searated from the determination of fan ressure. A number of standardized methods may be used. ISO 007 All rights reserved ix

11 Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ).

12 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5801:007(E) Industrial fans Performance testing using standardized airways 1 Scoe This International Standard deals with the determination of the erformance of industrial fans of all tyes excet those designed solely for air circulation, e.g. ceiling fans and table fans. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Estimates of uncertainty of measurement are rovided and rules for the conversion, within secified limits, of test results for changes in seed, gas handled and, in the case of model tests, size, are given. Normative references The following referenced documents are indisensable for the alication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited alies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) alies. ISO 3966, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Velocity area method using Pitot static tubes ISO , Measurement of fluid flow by means of ressure differential devices inserted in circular crosssection conduits running full Part 1: General rinciles and requirements ISO 5168, Measurement of fluid flow Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties ISO 51, Air distribution and air diffusion Rules to methods of measuring air flow rate in an air handling duct IEC :197, Rotating electrical machines Part : Methods for determining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) IEC , Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part : Secial requirements for ammeters and voltmeters IEC , Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part 3: Secial requirements for wattmeters and varmeters IEC , Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and their accessories Part 4: Secial requirements for frequency meters 3 Terms and definitions For the uroses of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5168 and the following aly. NOTE All the symbols used in this International Standard are listed with their units in Clause 4. ISO 007 All rights reserved 1

13 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.1 area of the conduit section A x area of the conduit at section x 3. fan inlet area A 1 surface lane bounded by the ustream extremity of the air-moving device NOTE Fan inlet area is, by convention, taken as the gross area in the inlet lane inside the casing. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 3.3 fan outlet area A surface lane bounded by the downstream extremity of the air-moving device NOTE Fan outlet area is, by convention, taken as the gross area in the outlet lane inside the casing. 3.4 temerature T air or fluid temerature measured by a temerature sensor NOTE Temerature is exressed in degrees Celsius. 3.5 absolute temerature Q thermodynamic temerature NOTE Θ T + 73,15 In this document, Q reresents the absolute temerature in kelvin and T the temerature in degrees Celsius. 3.6 secific gas constant R for an ideal dry gas, the equation of state is written RΘ ρ NOTE For dry air, R 87 J kg 1 K isentroic exonent k for an ideal gas and an isentroic rocess κ c γ cv r κ constant NOTE For atmosheric air, k 1,4. ISO 007 All rights reserved

14 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.8 secific heat caacity at constant ressure c for an ideal gas c NOTE k R k 1 Secific heat caacity is normally exressed in joules er (kilogram kelvin). 3.9 secific heat caacity at constant volume c V for an ideal gas Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE cv 1 R κ 1 Secific heat caacity is normally exressed in joules er (kilogram kelvin) comressibility factor Z NOTE 1 For an ideal gas, Z 1. NOTE where Z Z ρrθ c Θ c For a real gas, is a function of the ratios / c and Θ/Θ c where: is the critical ressure of the gas; is the critical temerature of the gas stagnation temerature at a oint Q sg absolute temerature which exists at an isentroic stagnation oint for ideal gas flow without addition of energy or heat NOTE 1 The stagnation temerature is constant along an airway and, for an inlet duct, is equal to the absolute ambient temerature in the test enclosure. NOTE Stagnation temerature is exressed in degrees Celsius. NOTE 3 For Mach numbers less than 0,1 obtained for standard air with duct velocities less than 40 m/s, the stagnation temerature is virtually the same as the total temerature. 3.1 fluid temerature at a oint static temerature at a oint Q absolute temerature registered by a thermal sensor moving at the fluid velocity ISO 007 All rights reserved 3

15 ISO 5801:007(E) NOTE 1 For real gas flow Θ Θ sg v c where v is the fluid velocity, in metres er second, at a oint. NOTE NOTE 3 These temeratures are exressed in degrees Celsius. In a duct, when the velocity increases, the static temerature decreases dry bulb temerature T d air temerature measured by a dry temerature sensor in the test enclosure, near the fan inlet or airway inlet Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE This temerature is exressed in degrees Celsius wet bulb temerature T w air temerature measured by a temerature sensor covered by a water-moistened wick and exosed to air in motion NOTE 1 NOTE When roerly measured, it is a close aroximation to the temerature of adiabatic saturation. This temerature is exressed in degrees Celsius stagnation temerature at a section x Q sgx mean value, over time, of the stagnation temerature averaged over the area of the secified airway cross-section NOTE This temerature is exressed in kelvin static or fluid temerature at a section x Q x mean value, over time, of the static or fluid temerature averaged over the area of the secified airway cross-section NOTE This temerature is exressed in kelvin absolute ressure at a oint absolute ressure ressure, measured with resect to absolute zero ressure, which is exerted at a oint at rest relative to the air around it NOTE This ressure is normally exressed in ascals atmosheric ressure a absolute ressure of the free atmoshere at the mean altitude of the fan NOTE This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. 4 ISO 007 All rights reserved

16 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.19 gauge ressure e value of the ressure when the datum ressure is the atmosheric ressure at the oint of measurement NOTE 1 Gauge ressure may be negative or ositive e a NOTE This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. 3.0 absolute stagnation ressure at a oint sg absolute ressure which would be measured at a oint in a flowing gas if it were brought to rest via an isentroic rocess given by the following equation: Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). κ 1 sg 1 + Ma κ κ 1 NOTE 1 Ma is the Mach number at this oint (see 3.3). NOTE This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. NOTE 3 For Mach numbers less than 0,1 obtained for standard air with duct velocities less than 40 m/s, the stagnation ressure is virtually the same as the total ressure. 3.1 Mach factor f Mx correction factor alied to the dynamic ressure at a oint, given by the exression NOTE f Mx f M x sg d The Mach factor may be calculated by: ( κ) Ma ( κ) ( 3 κ) 4 6 Ma Ma dynamic ressure at a oint d ressure calculated from the velocity and the density ρ of the air at the oint given by the following equation: NOTE d v ρ This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. ISO 007 All rights reserved 5

17 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.3 Mach number at a oint Ma ratio of the gas velocity at a oint to the velocity of sound given by the following equation: where v v Ma κrwθ c c is the velocity of sound, c κr Θ w Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). R w is the gas constant of humid gas. 3.4 gauge stagnation ressure at a oint esg difference between the absolute stagnation ressure, sg, and the atmosheric ressure, a, given by the following equation: NOTE esg sg a This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. 3.5 mass flow rate q m mean value, over time, of the mass of air which asses through the secified airway cross-section er unit of time NOTE 1 NOTE The mass flow will be the same at all cross-sections within the fan airway system exceting leakage. Mass flow rate is exressed in kilograms er second. 3.6 average gauge ressure at a section x mean gauge ressure at a section x ex mean value, over time, of the gauge ressure averaged over the area of the secified airway cross-section NOTE This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. 3.7 average absolute ressure at a section x x mean value, over time, of the absolute ressure averaged over the area of the secified airway cross-section given by the following equation: NOTE x ex + a This ressure is normally exressed in ascals. 6 ISO 007 All rights reserved

18 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.8 average density at a section x ρ x fluid density calculated from the absolute ressure, x, and the static temerature, Q x ρ x w x R Θ x where R w is the gas constant of humid gas NOTE Density is exressed in kilograms er cubic metre. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 3.9 volume flow rate at a section x q Vx mass flow rate at the secified airway cross-section divided by the corresonding mean value, over time, of the average density at that section given by the following equation: q NOTE Vx qm ρ x Volume flow rate is exressed in cubic metres er second average velocity at a section x v mx volume flow rate at the secified airway cross-section divided by the cross-sectional area, A x, given by the following equation: v mx NOTE 1 NOTE q A Vx x This is the mean value, over time, of the average comonent of the gas velocity normal to that section. Average velocity is exressed in metres er second conventional dynamic ressure at a section x dx dynamic ressure calculated from the average velocity and the average density at the secified airway cross-section given by the following equation: NOTE 1 NOTE dx mx v 1 qm ρ x ρx Ax The conventional dynamic ressure will be less than the average of the dynamic ressures across the section. Dynamic ressure is exressed in ascals. ISO 007 All rights reserved 7

19 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.3 Mach number at a section x Ma x average gas velocity divided by the velocity of sound at the secified airway cross-section given by the following equation: Ma v κr Θ x mx w x NOTE The Mach number is dimensionless average stagnation ressure at a section x sgx sum of the conventional dynamic ressure dx corrected by the Mach factor coefficient f Mx at the section and the average absolute ressure x given by the following equation: Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE 1 NOTE sgx x + dx f Mx The average stagnation ressure may be calculated by the equation: κ κ 1 κ 1 sgx x 1 + Max Average stagnation ressure is exressed in ascals gauge stagnation ressure at a section x esgx difference between the average stagnation ressure, sgx, at a section and the atmosheric ressure, a, given by the following equation: NOTE esgx sgx a Gauge stagnation ressure is exressed in ascals inlet stagnation temerature Q sg1 absolute temerature in the test enclosure near the fan inlet at a section where the gas velocity is less than 5 m/s NOTE 1 In this case, it is ossible to consider the stagnation temerature as equal to the ambient temerature, Q a, given by the following equation: NOTE Θ sg1 Θ a T a + 73,15 Inlet stagnation absolute temerature is exressed in kelvins stagnation density ρ sg1 density calculated from the inlet stagnation ressure, sg1, and the inlet stagnation temerature, Q sg1, given by the following equation: NOTE ρ sg1 sg1 RwΘsg1 Stagnation density is exressed in kilograms er cubic metre. 8 ISO 007 All rights reserved

20 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.37 inlet stagnation volume flow rate q Vsg1 mass flow rate divided by the inlet stagnation density given by the formula: qv sg1 qm ρsg1 NOTE Inlet stagnation volume flow rate is exressed in cubic metres er second fan ressure f difference between the stagnation ressure at the fan outlet and the stagnation ressure at the fan inlet given by the equation: Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE 1 f sg sg1 When the Mach number is less than 0,15, it is ossible to use the relationshi: f tf t t1 NOTE It is ossible to refer the fan ressure to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE 3 Fan ressure is exressed in ascals dynamic ressure at the fan outlet d conventional dynamic ressure at the fan outlet calculated from the mass flow rate, the average gas density at the outlet and the fan outlet area NOTE d m 1 q m ρ v ρ A Fan dynamic ressure is exressed in ascals fan static ressure sf conventional quantity defined as the fan ressure minus the fan dynamic ressure corrected by the Mach factor as given by the following equation: sf sg d f M sg1 sg1 NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan static ressure to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan static ressure is exressed in ascals mean density ρ m arithmetic mean value of inlet and outlet densities NOTE ρ m ρ + ρ 1 Mean density is exressed in kilograms er cubic metre. ISO 007 All rights reserved 9

21 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.4 mean stagnation density ρ msg arithmetic mean value of inlet and outlet stagnation densities given by the following equation: ρ msg ρ sg1 + ρ sg NOTE Mean stagnation ressure is exressed in ascals fan work er unit mass W m increase in mechanical energy er unit mass of fluid assing through the fan given by the following equation: Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE 1 1 vm vm1 m + A A1 ρ m W α α Wm NOTE It is ossible to calculate W m as in 3.47, as follows: Pu qm The value obtained differs by only a few arts er thousand from the value given by the above exression. NOTE 3 It is ossible to refer the fan work er unit mass to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE 4 Fan work is exressed in joules er kilogram fan static work er unit mass W ms increase in mechanical energy er unit mass of fluid assing through the fan minus the kinetic energy er unit mass imarted to the fluid, given by the following equation: Wms 1 m α 1 A1 ρm v NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan static work er unit mass to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan static work is exressed in joules er kilogram fan ressure ratio r ratio of the average absolute stagnation ressure at the outlet section of a fan to that at its inlet section as given by the following equation: NOTE r sg sg1 The fan ressure ratio is dimensionless. 10 ISO 007 All rights reserved

22 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.46 comressibility coefficient k ratio of the mechanical work done by the fan on the air to the work that would be done on an incomressible fluid with the same mass flow, inlet density and ressure ratio; k is given by the equation: k where Zklog10 r log Zk ( r 1) Zk κ 1 ρsg1pr κ qm f Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). NOTE 1 The work done is derived from the imeller ower on the assumtion of olytroic comression with no heat transfer through the fan casing. NOTE k and ρ ms1 /ρ msg differ by less than NOTE 3 NOTE 4 The comressibility coefficient is dimensionless. A second method of calculation is shown in , section b) fan air ower P u conventional outut ower which is the roduct of the mass flow rate q m and the fan work er unit mass W m, or the roduct of the inlet volume flow rate q Vsg1, the comressibility coefficient k and the fan ressure f given by the following equation: P q W q k u m m V sg1 f NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan air ower to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE NOTE 3 Fan air ower is exressed in watts when q m is in kilograms er second and W m is in joules er kilogram. Fan air ower is exressed in watts when q Vsg1 is in cubic metres er second and f is in ascals fan static air ower P us conventional outut ower which is the roduct of the mass flow rate q m and the fan static work er unit mass W ms, or the roduct of the inlet volume flow rate q Vsg1, the comressibility coefficient k s and the fan static ressure sf ; k s is calculated using r / sg1 P q W q k us m ms V sg1 s sf NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan static air ower to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE kilogram. The fan static air ower is exressed in watts when q m is in kilograms er second and W ms is in joules er ISO 007 All rights reserved 11

23 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.49 imeller ower P r mechanical ower sulied to the fan imeller NOTE Imeller ower is exressed in watts fan shaft ower P a mechanical ower sulied to the fan shaft NOTE Fan shaft ower is exressed in watts. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ) motor outut ower P o shaft ower outut of the motor or other rime mover NOTE Motor outut ower is exressed in watts. 3.5 motor inut ower P e electrical ower sulied at the terminals of an electric motor drive NOTE Motor inut ower is exressed in watts rotational seed of the imeller N number of revolutions of the fan imeller er minute 3.54 rotational frequency of the imeller n number of revolutions of the fan imeller er second 3.55 ti seed of the imeller v eriheral seed of the imeller blade tis NOTE Ti seed is exressed in metres er second eriheral Mach number Ma u dimensionless arameter equal to the ratio of ti seed to the velocity of sound in the gas at the stagnation conditions of the fan inlet given by the following equation: Ma u κr Θ u w sg1 1 ISO 007 All rights reserved

24 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.57 fan imeller efficiency h r fan air ower divided by the imeller ower P r as follows: η r P P u r NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan imeller efficiency to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan imeller efficiency may be exressed as a roortion of unity or as a ercentage. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ) fan imeller static efficiency h sr fan static ower divided by the imeller ower given by the equation: η sr P P us r NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan imeller static efficiency to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan imeller static efficiency may be exressed as a roortion of unity or as a ercentage fan shaft efficiency h a fan air ower divided by the fan shaft ower given by the equation: η a NOTE 1 P P u a Fan shaft ower includes bearing losses, while fan imeller ower does not. NOTE It is ossible to refer the fan shaft efficiency to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE 3 Fan shaft efficiency may be exressed as a roortion of unity or as a ercentage fan motor shaft efficiency h o fan air ower P u divided by the motor outut ower P o as given by the equation: η o P P u o NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the fan motor shaft efficiency to the installation category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan motor shaft efficiency may be exressed as a roortion of unity or as a ercentage. ISO 007 All rights reserved 13

25 ISO 5801:007(E) 3.61 overall efficiency h e fan air ower divided by the motor inut ower for the fan and motor combination given by the equation: η e P P u e NOTE 1 It is ossible to refer the overall efficiency to the fan category A, B, C or D. NOTE Fan overall efficiency is exressed as a roortion of unity or as a ercentage. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 3.6 ratio of inlet density to mean density k r fluid density at the fan inlet divided by the mean fluid density in the fan given by the following equation: NOTE ρ k ρ ρ 1 1+ ρ k r is dimensionless kinetic energy factor at a section x a Ax dimensionless coefficient equal to the time-averaged flux of kinetic energy through the considered area, A x, divided by the kinetic energy corresonding to the mean air velocity through this area and given by the following equation: α where v v n Ax Ax ( ρvv n ) m mx q v da x is the local absolute velocity, in metres er second; is the local velocity, in metres er second, normal to the cross-section kinetic index at a section x i kx dimensionless coefficient equal to the ratio of the kinetic energy er unit mass at the section x and the fan work er unit mass and given by the following equation: vmx i kx W m 3.65 Reynolds number at a section x Re Dx dimensionless arameter which defines the state of develoment of a flow and is used as a scaling arameter 14 ISO 007 All rights reserved

26 ISO 5801:007(E) NOTE It is the roduct of the local velocity, the local density and a relevant scale length (duct diameter, blade chord), divided by the dynamic viscosity as given by the following equation: ReDx vmxdx 4q m ν x π µdx 3.66 friction-loss coefficient (ξ x y ) y dimensionless coefficient for friction losses between lanes x and y of a duct, calculated for the velocity and density at section y; for incomressible flow, the formula is given by: ( ) 1 xy ρ y vmy ξ x y y Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ) hydraulic diameter D h hydraulic diameter of a rectangular section of a duct given by the equation: D where A b h h 4A ( b+ h) is the cross-sectional area; is the rectangular section width; is the rectangular section height flow coefficient F dimensionless number given by the equation: Φ ρ qm mdr u 3.69 ressure coefficient Y dimensionless number given by the equation: Ψ ρ f mu 3.70 fan ower coefficient λ dimensionless number given by: λ φψ η ISO 007 All rights reserved 15

27 ISO 5801:007(E) 4 Symbols and units 4.1 Symbols For the uroses of this International Standard, the following symbols and units aly. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Symbol Reresented quantity Definition SI Unit ref A x Area of the conduit at section x 3.1 m a Hole diameter of wall ressure taings mm b Width of the rectangular section of a duct m C Discharge coefficient c Velocity of sound 3.3 m/s c Secific heat caacity at constant ressure 3.8 J/kg/K c V Secific heat caacity at constant volume 3.9 J/kg/K d Diameter of orifice or nozzle throat m d i Diameter of stagnation ressure hole in Pitot-static tube mm D Internal diameter of a circular conduit ustream of an in-line m flowmeter D h Hydraulic diameter of a rectangular section of a duct 3.67 m D x Internal diameter of a circular conduit in section x m D r Outside diameter of the imeller m f Mx Mach factor for correction of dynamic ressure at section x 3.1 g Acceleration due to gravity m/s h Height of the rectangular section of a duct m h u Relative humidity V / sat i kx Kinetic index at section x 3.64 k c Resulting coefficient used in the conversion of test results k cs Resulting coefficient used in the conversion of static ressure test results k ρ Inlet to mean density ratio 3.6 k Comressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan air ower P u 3.46 k s Comressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan static air ower Ma Mach number 3.3 Ma x Mach number at section x 3.3 Ma x,ref Reference Mach number at section x at inlet stagnation conditions Ma u Periheral Mach number 3.56 m Area ratio of an orifice late (d/d) n Rotational frequency of imeller r/s N Rotational seed of imeller r/min Absolute ressure of the fluid 3.17 Pa a Atmosheric ressure at the mean altitude of the fan 3.18 Pa 16 ISO 007 All rights reserved

28 ISO 5801:007(E) Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). e Gauge ressure 3.19 Pa sg Absolute stagnation ressure at a oint 3.0 Pa esg Gauge stagnation ressure at a oint 3.4 Pa esgx Gauge stagnation ressure at section x 3.34 Pa d Dynamic ressure at a oint 3. Pa x Mean absolute ressure in sace and time of the fluid at section x 3.7 Pa ex Mean gauge ressure in sace and time at section x 3.6 Pa sgx Mean stagnation ressure at section x 3.33 Pa dx Conventional dynamic ressure at section x 3.31 Pa sat Saturation vaour ressure 1. Pa v Partial ressure of water vaour 1. Pa f Fan ressure 3.38 Pa sf Fan static ressure 3.40 Pa d Fan outlet dynamic ressure 3.39 Pa u Mean absolute ressure ustream of an in-line flowmeter Pa do Mean absolute ressure downstream of an in-line flowmeter Pa P a Mechanical ower sulied to the fan shaft 3.50 W P e Motor inut ower 3.5 W P o Motor outut ower 3.51 W P r Mechanical ower sulied to the imeller of the fan 3.49 W P u Fan air ower 3.47 W P us Fan static air ower 3.48 W q m Mass flow rate 3.5 kg/s q V Volume flow rate m 3 /s q Vsg1 Inlet stagnation volume flow rate 3.37 m 3 /s q Vx Volume flow rate at section x 3.9 m 3 /s r Fan ressure ratio 3.45 r d Pressure ratio for a flowmeter r d do / u r / do for a flowmeter R Gas constant of dry air or gas 3.6 J/kg/K R w Gas constant of humid air or gas J/kg/K Re Dx Reynolds number at section x 3.65 T a Ambient temerature C T b Barometer temerature C T d Dry bulb temerature 3.13 C T w Wet bulb temerature 3.14 C T x Static temerature at section x C T sgx Stagnation temerature at section x C u x Relative uncertainty of x % ISO 007 All rights reserved 17

29 ISO 5801:007(E) Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). U x Absolute uncertainty of x same as X v Velocity of gas at a oint m/s v mx Average velocity of the gas at section x 3.30 m/s v Periheral velocity, or ti seed, of the imeller 3.55 m/s W m Fan work er unit mass 3.43 J/kg W ms Fan static work er unit mass 3.44 J/kg Z Comressibility factor in equation of state 3.10 Z k Coefficient used for the calculation of the comressibility factor k (first method) Z Coefficient used for the calculation of the comressibility factor k (second method) z x Mean altitude of section x m α Flow rate coefficient of an in-line flowmeter α Ax β Coefficient of kinetic energy of flow in the section x of area A x ; a Ax is assumed equal to 1 Ratio of the internal diameter of an orifice or nozzle to the ustream diameter of the duct d/d 3.63 β Ratio of the internal diameter of an orifice or nozzle to the downstream diameter of the duct Differential ressure Pa z b Difference in altitude between the barometer and the mean altitude of the fan m ε Exansibility factor (ξ x y ) y Conventional friction loss coefficient between lanes x and y 3.66 calculated for section y η Efficiency η s Static efficiency η a Fan shaft efficiency 3.59 η e Overall efficiency 3.61 η o Fan motor shaft efficiency 3.60 η r Fan imeller efficiency 3.57 η sr Fan imeller static efficiency 3.58 Θ sgx Stagnation temerature at section x 3.15 K Θ x Static or fluid temerature at section x 3.16 K Θ a Ambient temerature K Θ u Temerature ustream of an in-line flowmeter K κ Isentroic exonent for an ideal gas 3.7 Λ Secific friction-loss coefficient for a length of one diameter of a straight duct µ Dynamic viscosity Pa s ρ Density of gas kg/m 3 ρ x Mean density of gas at section x 3.8 kg/m 3 18 ISO 007 All rights reserved

30 ISO 5801:007(E) ρ m Mean density of gas in the fan 3.41 kg/m 3 Φ Flow coefficient 3.68 Ψ Pressure coefficient 3.69 λ Fan ower coefficient 3.70 ω Angular velocity rad/s v Kinematic viscosity 1.3 m/s 4. Subscrits Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). 1 Test fan inlet Test fan outlet 3 Pressure measurement section in an inlet-side airway 4 Pressure measurement section in an outlet-side airway 5 Throat or downstream taings for D for an inlet-side measurement 6 Ustream taing for D and u for an outlet-side measurement 7 Ustream taing for D and u for an inlet-side measurement 8 Throat or downstream taing for D for an outlet-side measurement a Ambient atmoshere in the test enclosure b Barometer c Centreoint of the test section do Downstream of a flow-measurement device f Fan Gu Guaranteed relative to the characteristics secified in the contract n Reference lane of the fan; n 1 for inlet, n for outlet s Static conditions sat Saturation conditions sg Stagnation conditions Te Tested relative to the characteristics secified in the contract u Reference air conditions ustream of a flow-measurement device x y Airway length from lane x to lane y 5 General The uer limit of fan work er unit mass is J/kg corresonding to an increase in fan ressure aroximately equal to Pa for a mean density in the fan of 1, kg/m 3. The working fluid for test with standardized airways shall be atmosheric air, and the ressure and temerature should be within the normal atmosheric range. There are four categories of installation: category A: free inlet, free outlet; ISO 007 All rights reserved 19

31 ISO 5801:007(E) category B: free inlet, ducted outlet; category C: ducted inlet, free outlet; category D: ducted inlet, ducted outlet; to which corresond four erformance characteristics. Fan erformance cannot be considered as invariable. The erformance curve of fan ressure versus flow rate may be modified by the ustream fluid flow, e.g. if the velocity rofile is distorted or if there is swirl. Although the downstream flow generally cannot act on the flow through the imeller, the losses in the downstream duct may be modified by the fluid flow at the fan outlet. Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). Methods of measurement and calculation for the flow rates, fan ressures and fan efficiencies are secified in Clauses 14 to 7 and Annex A. They are established in the case of comressible flow, taking into account Mach number effect and density variation. However, a simlified method is given for reference Mach numbers less than 0,15 and/or fan ressures less than 000 Pa. It is agreed that, for the uroses of this International Standard, calculations are made using absolute ressures and temeratures, but equivalent exressions using gauge ressures are rovided. It is conventionally agreed that: for fan installation categories C and D, a common airway section should be rovided ustream of the fan inlet to simulate a long, straight inlet duct; for fan installation categories B and D, a common airway section (incororating a standardized flow straightener: an eight-radial-vane straightener, or honeycomb straightener) adjacent to the fan outlet should be rovided ustream of the outlet ressure measurement section to simulate a long, straight outlet duct. When the test installation is intended to simulate an on-site installation corresonding to category C but with a short duct discharging to the atmoshere, the test fan should be equied with a duct having the same shae as the fan outlet and a length of two equivalent diameters. For large fans of installation category D (800 mm diameter or larger) it may be difficult to carry out the tests with standardized common airways at the outlet side including straighteners. In this case, by mutual agreement between the arties concerned, the fan erformance may be measured using the setu described in 8..5 with a duct of length 3D on the outlet side. Results obtained in this way may differ to some extent from those obtained by using common airways on both the inlet and outlet side, esecially if the fan roduces a large swirl. By convention, the kinetic energy factors a A1, a A at fan inlet and fan outlet are considered equal to 1. The test fans shown in the figures for each of the test installations are of one tye (e.g. an axial fan). However, a test fan of another tye could be used. 6 Instruments for ressure measurement 6.1 Barometers The atmosheric ressure in the test enclosure shall be determined at the mean altitude between the centre of fan inlet and outlet sections with an uncertainty not exceeding ± 0, %. Barometers of the direct-reading mercury column tye should be read to the nearest 100 Pa (1 mbar) or to the nearest 1 mmhg. They should be calibrated and corrections alied to the readings for any difference in mercury density from standard, any change in length of the graduated scale due to temerature and for the local value of g. 0 ISO 007 All rights reserved

32 ISO 5801:007(E) Correction may be unnecessary if the scale is reset for the regional value of g (within ± 0,01 m/s ) and for room temerature (within ± 5 C). Barometers of the aneroid or ressure transducer tye may be used rovided they have a calibrated accuracy of ± 00 Pa and the calibration is checked at the time of test. The barometer should be located in the test enclosure at the mean altitude between fan inlet and fan outlet. A correction, ρ a g(z b z m ), in ascals, should be added for any difference in altitude exceeding 10 m, where z b is the altitude at barometer reservoir or at barometer transducer; z m is the mean altitude between fan inlet and fan outlet; g is the local value of the acceleration due to gravity; Licensed to Mr Simon Pollard on 8 Aril user ersonal user licence only. Storage, distribution or use on network rohibited ( ). r a is the ambient air density. 6. Manometers Manometers for the measurement of ressure difference shall have an uncertainty under conditions of steady ressure, and after alying any calibration corrections (including that for any temerature difference from calibration temerature and for g value), not exceeding ± 1 % of the significant ressure or 1,5 Pa, whichever is greater. The significant ressure should be taken as the fan stagnation ressure at rated duty or the ressure difference when measuring rated volume flow according to the manometer function. Rated duty will normally be near the oint of best efficiency on the fan characteristic curve. The manometers will normally be of the liquid column tye, vertical or inclined, but ressure transducers with indicating or recording instrumentation are accetable, subject to the same accuracy and calibration requirements. Calibration should be carried out at a series of steady ressures, in both rising and falling sequences to check for any difference. The reference instrument should be a recision manometer or micromanometer caable of being read to an accuracy of ± 0,5 % or 0,5 Pa, whichever is greater. 6.3 Daming of manometers Raid fluctuations of manometer readings should be limited by daming so that it is ossible to estimate the average reading within ± 1 % of the significant ressure. The daming may be in the air connections leading to the manometer or in the liquid circuit of the instrument. It should be linear, and of a tye which ensures equal resistance to movement in either direction. The daming should not be so heavy that it revents the roer indication of slower changes. If these occur, a sufficient number of readings should be taken to determine an average within ± 1 % of the significant ressure. 6.4 Checking of manometers Liquid column manometers should be checked in their test location to confirm their calibration near the significant ressure. Inclined tube instruments should be frequently checked for level and rechecked for calibration if disturbed. The zero reading of all manometers shall be checked before and after each series of readings without disturbing the instrument. ISO 007 All rights reserved 1