2010 NASCC / Structures Congress Orlando, Florida May 13, 2010
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1 2010 NASCC / Structures Congress Orlando, Florida May 13, 2010
2 Load Transfer in Composite Construction (Chapter I of the 2010 AISC Specification) William P. Jacobs, V Stanley D. Lindsey & Associates Atlanta, Georgia Jerome F. Hajjar Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts
3 Outline Overview of Revisions to Chapter I in the 2010 AISC Spec. Section I6: Load Transfer
4 Minimal Change? 2010 Chapter I
5 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification
6 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections
7 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections 9 Main Sections
8 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections 12 Specification Pages 9 Main Sections
9 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections 12 Specification Pages 9 Main Sections 27 Specification Pages
10 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections 12 Specification Pages 22 Commentary Pages 9 Main Sections 27 Specification Pages
11 2010 Chapter I Minimal Change? 2005 Specification 2010 Specification 5 Main Sections 12 Specification Pages 22 Commentary Pages 9 Main Sections 27 Specification Pages 41 Commentary Pages
12 2010 Chapter I Major Revisions and Additions Concrete and Steel Reinforcement by Reference to ACI Local Buckling Provisions for Axial and Flexural Members Expanded and Clarified Load Transfer Provisions Consolidated Shear Provisions Added Diaphragm and Collector Beam Section Added New Provisions for Shear Stud Strength
13 2010 Chapter I Major Revisions and Additions Concrete and Steel Reinforcement by Reference to ACI Local Buckling Provisions for Axial and Flexural Members Expanded and Clarified Load Transfer Provisions Consolidated Shear Provisions Added Diaphragm and Collector Beam Section Added New Provisions for Shear Stud Strength
14 2010 Chapter I Major Revisions and Additions Concrete and Steel Reinforcement by Reference to ACI Local Buckling Provisions for Axial and Flexural Members Expanded and Clarified Load Transfer Provisions Consolidated Shear Provisions Added Diaphragm and Collector Beam Section Added New Provisions for Shear Stud Strength (Steel Anchors)
15 2010 Chapter I Major Revisions and Additions Concrete and Steel Reinforcement by Reference to ACI Local Buckling Provisions for Axial and Flexural Members Expanded and Clarified Load Transfer Provisions Consolidated Shear Provisions Added Diaphragm and Collector Beam Section Added New Provisions for Shear Stud Strength (Steel Anchors) Did NOT Revise Standard Composite Beam Design and Associated Anchor Strengths
16 2010 Chapter I Outlines 2005 Specification 2010 Specification I1: General Provisions I2: Axial Members I3: Flexural Members I4: Combined Forces I5: Special Cases I1: General Provisions I2: Axial Force I3: Flexure I4: Shear I5: Combined Forces I6: Load Transfer I7: Composite Diaphragms I8: Steel Anchors I9: Special Cases
17 Outline Overview of Revisions to Chapter I in the 2010 AISC Spec. Section I6: Load Transfer
18 What Is Load Transfer? I6: Load Transfer
19 What Is Load Transfer? I6: Load Transfer
20 I6: Load Transfer What Is Load Transfer? 1. Force Introduction (I6.1)
21 I6: Load Transfer What Is Load Transfer? 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2)
22 I6: Load Transfer What Is Load Transfer? 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3)
23 I6: Load Transfer What Is Load Transfer? 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3) 4. Detailing Provisions (I6.4)
24 I6.1: Force Introduction What Is Load Transfer? 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation 3. Force Transfer 4. Detailing Provisions
25 I6.1: Force Introduction How is External Force Applied?
26 I6.1: Force Introduction How is External Force Applied?
27 I6.2: Force Allocation Force Allocation 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3) 4. Detailing Provisions (I6.4)
28 I6.2: Force Allocation Force Allocation Requirement: The applied external forces shall be distributed within the composite section based on the same ratio of steel section strength to reinforced concrete section strength as represented by the plastic capacity model.
29 I6.2: Force Allocation Plastic Model Encased Composite Columns P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c (Eq. I2-4)
30 I6.2: Force Allocation Plastic Model Encased Composite Columns P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c (Eq. I2-4)
31 I6.2: Force Allocation Plastic Model Encased Composite Columns P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c (Eq. I2-4)
32 I6.2: Force Allocation Plastic Model Encased Composite Columns P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c (Eq. I2-4) Filled Composite Columns P no = A s F y + C 2 f c (A c +A sr x (E s /E c )) (Eq. I2-9)
33 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no
34 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no
35 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no
36 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no
37 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no
38 I6.2: Force Allocation Example P no = A s F y + A sr F ysr A c f c Say: A s F y = 67% of Total P no V r = P r (1-A s F y /P no ) Eq. I6-1 (For External Force Applied to Steel Only) V r = P r (A s F y /P no ) Eq. I6-2 (For External Force Applied to Concrete Only)
39 I6.3: Force Transfer Force Transfer 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3) 4. Detailing Provisions
40 I6.3: Force Transfer Mechanisms for Force Transfer Filled Sections Direct Bearing (I6.3a) Shear Connection (I6.3b) Bond (I6.3c) Encased Sections Direct Bearing Shear Connection
41 I6.3: Force Transfer Mechanisms for Force Transfer Filled Sections Encased Sections Direct Bearing (I6.3a) Direct Bearing Shear Connection (I6.3b) Shear Connection Bond (I6.3c) R n V r (LRFD) R n / Ω V r (ASD) R n = Mechanism Strength V r = Longitudinal Shear
42 Direct Bearing (I6.3a) I6.3: Force Transfer
43 I6.3: Force Transfer Direct Bearing (I6.3a) R n =1.7f c A 1 =0.65 (LRFD) Ω=2.31 (ASD)
44 Shear Connection (I6.3b) I6.3: Force Transfer
45 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection (I6.3b) What Strength to Use? What Resistance or Safety Factor is Appropriate? Study of Available Data Conducted by Pallares and Hajjar to Answer these Questions this became basis for I8.3: Steel Anchors in Composite Components.
46 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection (I8.3) Table From Pallares and Hajjar, 2010
47 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection Strength (I8.3) h ef /d > 4.0: 81% of Anchors Failed in Steel h ef /d > 4.5: 85% of Anchors Failed in Steel h ef /d > 5.5: 98% of Anchors Failed in Steel
48 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection Strength (I8.3) h ef /d > 4.0: 81% of Anchors Failed in Steel h ef /d > 4.5: 85% of Anchors Failed in Steel h ef /d > 5.5: 98% of Anchors Failed in Steel 2010 AISC Specification: Allows Strength Determination by Steel Strength Alone If h/d>5.0 R n = A sc F u Eq. I8-3
49 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection Strength (I8.3) R n = A sc F u Eq. I8-3 =0.65 (LRFD) Ω=2.31 (ASD) From Pallares and Hajjar, 2010
50 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection Strength (I8.3) R n = A sc F u Eq. I8-3 =0.65 (LRFD) Ω=2.31 (ASD) From Pallares and Hajjar, 2010 N anchors = V r / R n N anchors = V r /(R n /Ω)
51 I6.3: Force Transfer Shear Connection (I8.3) Steel Steel Normal Weight Concrete Lightweight Concrete Anchor Anchor Minimum Length Corresponding Minimum Length Corresponding Available Shear Strength N3 Diameter Area "h" N1 Standard Stock "h" N1 Standard Stock LRFD ASD in (mm) in 2 (mm 2 ) in (mm) Shear Connector N2 in (mm) Shear Connector N2 kips (kn) kips (kn) 3/ /4 5 1/ /4 x 4 3/16 3/4 x 5 7/8 (19) (284) (95) (133) (83) (55) 7/ /8 6 1/ /8 x 5 3/16 7/8 x 7 3/16 (22) (380) (110) (154) (113) (75) x 6 1/4 N/A (25) (491) (125) (175) (148) (98) N1 "h" refers to the installed height of the stud from the top of the stud head to the connected base. N2 Standard stock shear connectors as determined from Nelson Stud Welding S3L Type (Nelson, 2010) taking burnoff into account. N3 Available shear strength determined using Equation 2010 AISC I8-3 assuming Fu = 65 ksi (450 MPa).
52 I6.3: Force Transfer Bond (I6.3c) Applicable to Filled Columns Only 60 psi Nominal Bond Strength (F in )
53 I6.3: Force Transfer Bond (I6.3c) Applicable to Filled Columns Only 60 psi Nominal Bond Strength (F in ) For Rectangular Filled Columns: R n = B 2 C in F in B = Width of Section at Loaded Face =0.45 (LRFD) Ω=2.31 (ASD) C in = 4 if connection away from ends of member, 2 if at end of member
54 I6.3: Force Transfer Bond (I6.3c) Applicable to Filled Columns Only 60 psi Nominal Bond Strength (F in ) For Circular Filled Columns: R n = 0.25πD 2 C in F in =0.45 (LRFD) D = Outside Diameter of HSS Ω=2.31 (ASD) C in = 4 if connection away from ends of member, 2 if at end of member
55 I6: Load Transfer Detailing Provisions 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3) 4. Detailing Provisions (I6.4)
56 Load Introduction Length I6.4: Detailing
57 I6.4: Detailing Load Introduction Length Steel Anchors required for encased columns along full length at 24 in. o.c. max Filled Columns only require stud anchors in load introduction zone (if used for shear transfer).
58 Summary Summary 1. Force Introduction (I6.1) 2. Force Allocation (I6.2) 3. Force Transfer (I6.3) 4. Detailing Provisions (I6.4)
59
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