Maximum Power Output of Quantum Heat Engine. with Energy Bath
|
|
- Audra Sherman
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Maximum Power Outut of Quantum Heat Engine with Energy Bath Shengnan Liu, Congjie Ou, College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 360, China; Corresondence: el.: Abstract: he difference between quantum isoenergetic rocess and quantum isothermal rocess comes from the violation of the law of equiartition of energy in the quantum regime. o reveal an imortant hysical meaning of this fact, here we study a secial tye of quantum heat engine consisting of three rocesses: isoenergetic, isothermal and adiabatic rocesses. herefore, this engine works between the energy and heat baths. Combining two engines of this kind, it is ossible to realize the quantum Carnot engine. Furthermore, considering finite velocity of change of the otential shae, here an infinite square well with moving walls, the ower outut of the engine is discussed. It is found that the efficiency and ower outut are both closely deendent on the initial and final states of the quantum isothermal rocess. he erformance of the engine cycle is shown to be otimized by control of the occuation robability of the ground state, which is determined by the temerature and the otential width. he relation between the efficiency and ower outut is also discussed. Keywords: Quantum heat engine, two-state system, erformance otimization
2 . Introduction Quantum thermodynamics introduces the interdiscilinary field that combined classical thermodynamics and quantum mechanics since the concet of quantum heat engine aeared in the 960s [,]. Insired by the roerties of the classical thermodynamic rocesses and cycles, the quantum analogues of the rocesses and cycles have been develoed and discussed in more and more different quantum systems [3-4]. Recently, some micro sized heat engines with single Brownian article induced by otical laser tra [5,6] and single ion held within a modified linear Paul tra [7] have been exerimentally realized, which resents significant insight into the energy conversion on a microscoic level and would be exected to shed light on the exerimental investigation in quantum thermodynamic characteristics of small systems. herefore, it is of great interest to adot a single-article quantum system as the working substance to investigate the roerties of quantum thermodynamic rocesses and quantum engine cycles [5,,,5,6,0,,4]. A central concern of quantum thermodynamics is to understand the basic relationshis between classical thermodynamics and quantum mechanics [5,3,4,5]. he quantum analog of the classical engine cycles can be set u by emloying a single-article quantum system with two energy levels [,4,5,0] because of its simlicity. According to the first law of thermodynamics, the quantum analogue of mechanical work and heat transfer can be defined in a natural way [5,,4]. hus, the basic thermodynamic rocesses, such as adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric ones, can be well deicted in a quantum two-state system. Nevertheless, the quantum roerties of the two-state system determine the inherent difference of the thermodynamic rocesses. In classical thermostatistics, the law of equiartition of energy is crucial for the link between the energy and temerature [8]. However, it is violated in the quantum regime even for non-interacting articles confined in a box. In a two-state quantum system, the exectation value of the Hamiltonian deends not only on the temerature, but also on the quantum state of the system [3,4,5]. herefore, the quantum isothermal rocess (to fix the temerature) and the quantum isoenergetic rocess (to fix the exectation value of the Hamiltonian) are totally different from each other. During the quantum isoenergetic rocess, the mechanical exansion/comression and the quantum state engineering are controlled simultaneously by environmental system, which is considered as energy bath [,7,0,4]. It is worth noting that such kind of energy bath ensures the validation of
3 the second law of thermodynamics in quantum regime [,9,0]. herefore, by couling the quantum two-state system with a heat bath and an energy bath, it is ossible to construct an engine cycle, which is helful to understand the influence of quantum roerties on energy conversion for a small system.. wo-state Quantum System Couled to a Heat and an Energy Bath he model we consider here is a single article confined in an one-dimensional infinite square well otential with movable walls, which is a simlification of a iston. he corresonding stationary Schrödinger equation is given by H un ε n un = ( n =,,3,...), where n u and ε n reresent the n-th eigenstate and corresonding energy eigenvalue, resectively. Since we are interested in genuine quantum effects, here we assume that the temerature is low and the system size is small. In this aroximation, the ground ( n = ) and first excited ( n = ) states are dominantly relevant [4,0,]. herefore, the occuation robabilities of the ground state and excited state can be written as and. he exectation value of the Hamiltonian can be written as E = ε + ( ) ε. If the system is in thermal equilibrium with the heat bath at temerature, the robability of finding the system in a state with the energy ε is given by the Boltzmann factor ex( ε / k ) [3,3-5], where k is the Boltzmann constant. he energy eigenvalues of the ground and first excited states are given by = π ħ and ε / ml = π ħ ml, resectively, where m is the mass of ε / the article and L is the width of the square well otential. hus, the exectation value of the Hamiltonian is π ħ (4 3 ) E = ml. () For convenience, we set π ħ / m = below. he ratio between the robabilities of the ground state and the first excited state can be written as ex( / kl ) = ex( / kl ) () From Eq. () the robability that the system is in the ground state can be exressed as 3
4 (, L) = 3 kl + e (3) On the other hand, the otential width L can be considered as the volume of this kind of one-dimensional system. herefore, the force (i.e., ressure in dimension) on the otential wall is [3,9], dε dε 4 3 f = + ( ) = 3 dl dl L (4) Form Eq. (4) one can see that the force varies with the otential width L so it is ossible to adot a curve on the f-l lane to describe a thermal-like quantum rocess. It is in fact a one dimensional analogue of the ressure-volume lane of classical thermodynamics. If the two-state system is couled to a thermal bath at temerature, Eq. (3) can be substituted into Eq. (4) and yields f = + 4e 3 kl 3 3 kl L ( + e ) (5) According to Eq. (5), the sloe of an isothermal quantum rocess curve on f-l lane can be obtained as f 3(4 3 ) 6 ( )ln[ /( )] = 4 L L (6) If the two-state system is couled to an energy bath to fix the exectation of Hamiltonian. From Eqs. () and (4) one can obtain f (4 3 ) = 4 L E L (7) Obviously, the isothermal curve on the f-l lane is different from the isoenergetic one originating from the quantum roerties. 3. Quantum Engine Cycle Based on wo-state System As mentioned above, the difference between quantum isoenergetic rocess and quantum isothermal rocess can be illustrated by their curves on the f-l lane. According to the quantum 4
5 adiabatic theorem [5,30-3], which should not be confused with the thermodynamic adiabaticity, if the time scale of the change of the Hamiltonian or the otential width is much larger than the tyical dynamical one, ħ / E, then the stationary Schrödinger equation for the energy eigenstate holds instantaneously [7]. he sloe of the curve of the adiabatic rocess, during which the state remains unchanged (i.e., is fixed) can be directly derived from Eq. (4) as follows: f 3(4 3 ) = 4 L L (8) It is worth noting that for the ositive temerature, > 0, Eq. (3) indicate that / < <. In this case, the sloes of quantum isothermal rocess, isoenergetic rocess and adiabatic rocess can be comared at the same otential width L and yields [9], f f f > >, (/ < < ) L L L (9) E According to Eq. (9), if the ositive temerature area is concerned, we can construct the ossible three-rocess cycles on the f-l lane as it is shown in Figure. Figure. he diagram of the constructed quantum cycle on the f-l lane, where ie, ad and it reresent the isoenergetic, adiabatic and isothermal quantum rocesses, resectively. is an isothermal quantum rocess, the system is couled to a heat bath with temerature H. During the exansion of the otential width, one wall of the otential acts as a iston to erform work [7] and the energy is transferred from the heat bath to the system. 3 is an isoenergetic quantum rocess, which means that the two-state system exchanges energy with an energy bath to kee 5
6 its exectation value of the Hamiltonian constant. 3 is an adiabatic quantum rocess to connect the first two rocesses so that a closed cycle on the f-l lane can be realized. 4. Performance of he Quantum Engine Cycle During the isothermal rocess, the heat absorbed from the heat bath is, = = Qin H S H( S S ), (0) where S is the entroy of the two-state system and it is given by, i Si = k i ln ln( i ) ( i =, ) i, () where i is the occuation robability of the ground state when the system is at oint i of the f-l lane. Substitution of Eq. (3) into Eq. () yields 3( ) Si = k ln i ( i =, ) L () i i i Since oints and are connected by an isothermal rocess with temerature H in the f-l lane, one has = = H in Eq. (). herefore, Eq. (0) can be rewritten as, 3 Qin = H ( S S) = ln kh L L (3) During the isoenergetic comression rocess 3, the exectation of Hamiltonian is fixed. From the first law of thermodynamic [5,3], the heat released from the system to the surroundings is comensated by the work, i.e., L Q = W = f dl = < out ln 0 L L (4) On the other hand, during the adiabatic rocess 3, the quantum state is fixed (i.e., no transitions between the states), that is, ' d Q = 0. herefore, the work erformed during one full cycle is Wtot = Qin + Qout and accordingly the efficiency of the cycle can be obtained as 6
7 4 3 L ln Wtot L L3 η = = Q ( S S ) in H (5) From Eq. (3) one can also obtain L = ( i =,,3) i k ln 3 i i i (6) During the isoenergetic rocess 3, one has E = (4 3 ) / L = (4 3 ) / L to yield 3 3 L 4 3 L (7) = Substituting Eq. (7) into Eq. (5), and considering that the quantum state is fixed during the adiabatic rocess 3 (i.e., 3 = ), one can have, 4 3 k(4 3 ) ln ln 4 3 η = 3( S S ) (8) From Eq. (8) one can see that the efficiency of such three-rocess quantum engine cycle deends on and. It means that the roerties of quantum state are crucial for erformance of the quantum engine of this kind. In the classical oint of view, the efficiency of engine cycle is described in terms of the thermodynamic variables, such as ressure, temerature, volume, etc., whereas the concet of quantum states is also relevant in the quantum regime. In fact, the robabilities of ground states, i, are functions of temerature i and volume L i, as indicated in Eq. (3). By this relationshi, we can also analyze the behavior of Carnot efficiency in a similar way. From Eq. (6) one can have = 3 4 EL kl ln EL (9) and consequently obtain the variation of temerature with resect of otential width during the isoenergetic rocess [9], 7
8 3 6EL 4 EL = ln 0 3 > L E kl 4 EL (4 )( ) ln EL EL EL EL (0) During the isoenergetic comression rocess, from Eq. (0) one can easily find that the temerature decreases with the comression of the otential width. On the other hand, during the adiabatic comression rocess 3, the robability distribution of each energy level is fixed. From Eq. (3) one can obtain L = const, which means that the temerature increases with the decreasing of otential width. herefore, the lowest temerature C is at oint 3 on the f-l lane and the highest temerature H is at the isothermal rocess. Suose that there is a quantum Carnot cycle comosed by two quantum isothermal rocesses and two quantum adiabatic rocesses, working between H and C. he efficiency of it coincides with the classical Carnot cycle [5], say, η C = C () H By using Eqs. (6) and (7), the quantum Carnot efficiency can be rewritten as, η C = (4 3 )ln (4 3 )ln () Eqs. (8) and () are both the functions of and. herefore, we can comare η with by varying and. It is worth noting that from Eq. (3) one can obtain, η C = ( ) ln L L (3) Eq. (3) shows that ( / L) < 0 when the ositive temerature is considered, i.e., / < < means that the robability of find the system in the ground state of the two-state system decreases during the isothermal exansion, which indicates. It >. herefore, the 3D lot of η and η C varying with and can be shown in Figure. 8
9 Figure. Comarison between η and η C at the ositive temerature region, / < < < where and are ground state robabilities of the two-state system at oints and in f-l lane, resectively. (a)η varies with and ; (b) η C varies with and ; (c) the combination of (a) and (b). From Figure one can see that for every ossible air of and, η is always smaller than η C, as exected. It is worth noting that in our revious work [9], another 3-rocess quantum engine cycle was constructed by following sequence: isoenergetic rocess adiabatic rocess isothermal rocess. here exist a non-monotonic relationshi between efficiency and ( ) when H is larger than the characteristic value of temerature, ( E ). However, in H C the cycle described by Fig., the non-monotonic relationshi disaears. In fact, the cycle in Fig. and the one in Ref. [9] are two searate arts of a quantum Carnot cycle [5], as shown in Fig. 3. According to Eq. (), the exectation value of the Hamiltonian deends on otential width L and ground state robability. It is ossible to find a set of (, L, 3, L 3) that satisfy H C (4 3 ) (4 3 3 ) = L L (4) 3 which means that the exectation value of the Hamiltonian at oint equals to that of oint 3. herefore, oints and 3 can be connected by an isoenergetic quantum rocess on the f-l lane. 9
10 Figure 3. A quantum Carnot cycle is comosed of two isothermal rocesses ( and ' and two quantum adiabatic rocesses ( and 3 ' 3) ). It is a quantum isoenergetic rocess that ' connects oints and 3. 3 cycle is identical to Fig. and 3 3 is another kind of 3-rocess cycle discussed in Ref. [9]. ' he efficiency of cycle 3 3 in Fig. 3 is given in [9], ' 3( S S3) η = 4 3 k(4 3 3)ln ln (5) Since from oint 3 to oint is a quantum adiabatic comression rocess, the quantum state of the two-state system does not change. herefore, one can have 3 = as well ass 3 = S and then Eq. (5) can be rewritten as, ' 3( S S) η = 4 3 k(4 3 )ln ln 4 3 (6) From Eqs. (8), () and (6) one can verify the following relationshi, = + ( ) ' η η η η C (7) Eq. (7) shows clearly that Carnot efficiency can be recisely reroduced by ideal couling of the two 3-rocess cycles indicated in Fig. 3. We stress that, in the classical Carnot cycle, it is not ossible to connect oint and 3 by a thermodynamic rocess because of the absence of the isoenergetic rocess. 0
11 It shows again that the 3-rocess quantum cycle discussed above has no counterart in classical thermodynamics. Insired by the finite-time thermodynamics [7], we can discuss the ower outut of the above mentioned 3-rocess quantum engine cycle. As indicated in Fig., the otential wall moves from oint to oint and then moves back after one full cycle and the total movement of it can be exressed as ( ) L L. Assuming that this velocity is small in order to avoid transition to higher excited states, but still with finite average seed v. he total cycle time can be exressed as τ = ( ) herefore, the ower outut is given by, L L / v L 3 ln + ln kh v Qin + Q L L out L L P = = τ ( L L ) (8) Substituting Eqs. (6), (7) and (4) into Eq. (8) yields, P = ( ) ( ) ( ) / ln 3 L 4 ln v ln ln ln 3 ln ln ln 4 3. (9) Eq. (9) indicates that the ower outut is a function of and if the initial otential width L and average seed v are given. For the sake of convenience, we discuss the behavior of dimensionless ower outut, P = PL v, below. With the ositive temerature condition, 3 / / < < <, the variation of P with and can be shown in Fig. 4.
12 Figure 4. Dimensionless ower outut P with resect of and From Fig. 4 one can find that there exist a global maximum value for P. More recisely, P max can be obtained by solving the following couled equations, P P = 0 = 0 (30) he numerical result shows that P = when = 0.86 max 0.05 and = 0.6. hus, the ower outut can be otimized by adjusting the robabilities of ground states at oint and on the f-l lane. From Fig. 4 it can also be seen that for any given value of, the curve of P versus is always concave to give the global maximum. From Eq. (6) we can see that a given indicates a given temerature H if the otential width at the initial oint is set. During the exansion rocess, the system is couled to a heat bath with temerature H, i.e., H 3 3 = = kl ln kl ln (3) Eq. (3) shows that L will tend to infinite if is close to /, which indicates that a full cycle time will be very large and yields zero ower outut. On the other hand, if is very close to,
13 the area of cycle 3 on the f-l lane tends to zero. Vanishing work also means zero ower outut. herefore, the ower outut can be otimized in the region / < <. Furthermore, Eqs. (8) and (9) show that the efficiency and ower outut are both functions of and. herefore, we can generate the curves of ower outut with resect to the efficiency by varying and under the condition <. Fig. 5 shows the P vs. η relationshi for some values of. Figure 5. Dimensionless ower outut P versus efficiency η for some given values of From Fig. 5, one can find that all the P vs. η curves are concave. So there exists an efficiency ( ) η that corresonding to the maximum ower outut P ( ) for each value of max. he hysical meaning of each ( ) η is nontrivial. When 0 < η < η, the ower outut increases with the increasing of efficiency. It means that the cycle is not working in otimal regions. Both efficiency and ower outut can be otimized towards ositive direction. When η < η <, the ower outut is decreasing with the increasing of η. It means that in order to imrove the engine s efficiency, the cost is to decrease the engine s ower outut, and vice versa. herefore, this kind of trade-off between the efficiency and ower outut should be concerned when the engine is working at this region, and η is the lower bound of the region. 3
14 5. Conclusions With the analysis of a two-state quantum article traed in an infinite square well, a 3-rocess quantum cycle was roosed by couling the system to a heat bath and an energy bath, resectively. Based on the difference between isothermal rocess and isoenergetic rocess in quantum thermodynamics, the heat transferred into quantum cycle and total work erformed during one cycle were obtained to yield the efficiency η. Comarison between η and Carnot efficiency η showed C that the quantum Carnot cycle can be constructed by the combination of two symmetrical 3-rocess quantum cycles, in site of the fact that the isoenergetic quantum rocess has no counterart in classical thermodynamics. Furthermore, by considering the average seed of square otential wall, the ower outut of this kind of 3-rocess cycle was shown. It was found that the robability distributions at the starting and ending oints of the isothermal exansion rocess are crucial to otimize the cycle erformances. It was also shown that there exists a region of referable erformance, where the efficiency is still high and the ower outut is not low. hese features of the resent engine may suggest exeriments of a new kind. Acknowledgments: Project suorted by the Natural Science Foundations of Fujian Province (Grant No. 05J006), the Program for rominent young alents in Fujian Province University (Grant No. JA00), Program for New Century Excellent alents in Fujian Province University (Grant No. 04FJ-NCE-ZR04), Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (Grant No ), and Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged eacher in Science and echnology Research of Huaqiao University (Grant No. ZQN-PY4). Authors contributions: C.O. conceived the idea, formulated the theory. S.L. and C.O. designed the model, carried out the research. S.L. and C.O. wrote the aer. Cometing Interests: he authors declare that they have no cometing interests. References 4
15 . Geusic, J. E.; Schulz-DuBois, E. O.; Scovil, H. E. D. Quantum equivalent of the Carnot cycle. Phy. Rev.967, 56, Scovil, H. E. D.; Schulz-DuBois, E. O.hree-Level masers as heat engines. Phys. Rev. Lett. 959,, Fialko, O.; Hallwood, D. W. Isolated quantum heat engine. Phys. Rev. Lett. 0, 08, Plastina, F.; Alecce, A.; Aollaro,. J. Irreversible work and inner friction in quantum thermodynamic rocesses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 04, 3, Anders, J.; Giovannetti, V. hermodynamics of discrete quantum rocesses. New J. Phys. 03, 5, Scully, M. O.; Zubairy, M. S.; Agarwal, G. S.; Walther, H. Extracting work from a single heat bath via vanishing quantum coherence. Science 003, 99, Scully, M. O. Extacting work from a single thermal bath via quantum negentroy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 00, 87, Scully, M. O. Quantum afterburner: Imroving the efficiency of an ideal heat engine. Phys. Rev. Lett. 00, 88, Harbola, U.; Rahav, S.; Mukamel, S. Quantum heat engines: A thermodynamic analysis of ower and efficiency. EPL 0, 99, Huang, X. L.; Wang, L. C.; Yi, X. X. Quantum Brayton cycle with couled systems as working substance. Phys. Rev. E 03, 87, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, D.; Alicki, R.; Kurizki, G. Minimal universal quantum heat machine. Phys. Rev. E 03, 87, Bender, C. M.; Brody, D. C.; Meister, B. K. Quantum mechanical Carnot engine. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 5
16 000, 33, Quan, H.. Quantum thermodynamic cycles and quantum heat engines II. Phys. Rev. E 009, 79, Quan, H..; Liu, Y. X.; Sun, C. P.; Nori, F. Quantum thermodynamic cycles and quantum heat engines I. Phys. Rev. E 007, 76, Abe, S.; Okuyama, S. Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics: Entroy, temerature, and Carnot cycle. Phys. Rev. E 0, 83, Beretta, G. P. Quantum thermodynamic Carnot and Otto-like cycles for a two-level system. EPL 0, 99, Abe, S. Maximum-ower quantum-mechanical Carnot engine. Phys. Rev. E 0, 83, Abe S. General formula for the efficiency of Quantum-Mechanical analog of the Carnot engine. Entroy 03, 5, Wang, J. H.; He, J. Z. Otimization on a three-level heat engine working with two noninteracting fermions in a one-dimensional box tra. J. Al. Phys 0,, Wang, J. H.; He, J. Z.; He, X. Performance analysis of a two-state quantum heat engine working with a single-mode radiation field in a cavity. Phys. Rev. E 0, 84, Wang, R.; Wang, J. H.; He, J. Z.; Ma, Y. L. Efficiency at maximum ower of a heat engine working with a two-level atomic system. Phys. Rev. E 03, 87, Bergenfeldt, C.; Samuelsson, P.; Sothmann, B. Hybrid microwave-cavity heat engine. Phys. Rev. Lett. 04,, Zhuang, Z.; Liang, S. D. Quantum Szilard engines with arbitrary sin. Phys. Rev. E 04, 90, Ou, C.; Abe, S. Exotic roerties and otimal control of quantum heat engine. EPL 06, 3,
17 5. Blickle, V.; Bechinger, C. Realization of a micrometre-sized stochastic heat engine. Nat. Phys. 0, 8, Martínez, I. A.; Roldán, É.; Dinis, L.; Petrov, D.; Parrondo, J. M.; Rica, R. A. Brownian carnot engine. Nat. Phys. 06,, Roßnagel, J.; Dawkins, S..; olazzi, K. N.; Abah, O.; Lutz, E.; Schmidt-Kaler, F.; Singer, K. A single-atom heat engine. Science 06, 35, Pathria, R. K. Statistical Mechanics. Pergamon Press, Oxford, Ou, C. J.; Huang, Z. F.; Lin, B. H.; Chen, J. C. A three-rocess quantum engine cycle consisting of a two-level system. Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 04, 57, Born, M.; Fock, V. Beweis des adiabatensatzes. Zeitsch Phys. 98, 5, Deffner, S.; Lutz, E. Nonequilibrium work distribution of a quantum harmonic oscillator. Phys. Rev. E 008, 77, Gardas, B.; Deffner, S. hermodynamic universality of quantum Carnot engines. Phys. Rev. E 05, 9,
General formula for the efficiency of quantum-mechanical analog of the Carnot engine
General formula for the efficiency of quantum-mechanical analog of the Carnot engine Sumiyoshi Abe Department of Physical Engineering, Mie University, Mie 514-8507, Japan Abstract: An analog of the Carnot
More informationFINITE TIME THERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR AN IRREVERSIBLE ATKINSON CYCLE. By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN, and Fengrui SUN
FINIE IME HERMODYNAMIC MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR AN IRREVERSIBLE AKINSON CYCLE By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN, and Fengrui SUN Performance of an air-standard Atkinson cycle is analyzed by using finite-time
More informationGeneral Formula for the Efficiency of Quantum-Mechanical Analog of the Carnot Engine
Entropy 2013, 15, 1408-1415; doi:103390/e15041408 Article OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 wwwmdpicom/journal/entropy General Formula for the Efficiency of Quantum-Mechanical Analog of the Carnot Engine
More informationLecture 13. Heat Engines. Thermodynamic processes and entropy Thermodynamic cycles Extracting work from heat
Lecture 3 Heat Engines hermodynamic rocesses and entroy hermodynamic cycles Extracting work from heat - How do we define engine efficiency? - Carnot cycle: the best ossible efficiency Reading for this
More informationδq T = nr ln(v B/V A )
hysical Chemistry 007 Homework assignment, solutions roblem 1: An ideal gas undergoes the following reversible, cyclic rocess It first exands isothermally from state A to state B It is then comressed adiabatically
More informationLecture 13 Heat Engines
Lecture 3 Heat Engines hermodynamic rocesses and entroy hermodynamic cycles Extracting work from heat - How do we define engine efficiency? - Carnot cycle: the best ossible efficiency Reading for this
More informationJJMIE Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
JJMIE Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Volume, Number, Jun. 8 ISSN 995-6665 Pages 7-75 Efficiency of Atkinson Engine at Maximum Power Density using emerature Deendent Secific Heats
More informationActual exergy intake to perform the same task
CHAPER : PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY CONSERVAION INRODUCION Energy conservation rinciles are based on thermodynamics If we look into the simle and most direct statement of the first law of thermodynamics, we
More informationarxiv: v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 1 May 2015
Quantum Isothermal Reversible Process of Particles in a Box with a Delta Potential arxiv:155.68v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 1 May 15 Minho Park, Su Do Yi, and Seung Ki Baek Deartment of Physics, Pukyong National
More information02. Equilibrium Thermodynamics II: Engines
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Equilibrium Statistical Physics Physics Course Materials 205 02. Equilibrium Thermodynamics II: Engines Gerhard Müller University of Rhode Island, gmuller@uri.edu
More informationEntransy analysis of open thermodynamic systems
Article Engineering hermohysics August 0 Vol.57 No.: 934940 doi: 0.007/s434-0-54-x Entransy analysis of oen thermodynamic systems CHENG Xueao, WANG WenHua & LIANG XinGang * Key Laboratory for hermal Science
More informationChapter 9 Practical cycles
Prof.. undararajan Chater 9 Practical cycles 9. Introduction In Chaters 7 and 8, it was shown that a reversible engine based on the Carnot cycle (two reversible isothermal heat transfers and two reversible
More informationHomogeneous and Inhomogeneous Model for Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Materials as High Temperature Solar Air Receivers
Excert from the roceedings of the COMSOL Conference 1 aris Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Model for Flow and Heat ransfer in orous Materials as High emerature Solar Air Receivers Olena Smirnova 1 *, homas
More informationPhase transition. Asaf Pe er Background
Phase transition Asaf Pe er 1 November 18, 2013 1. Background A hase is a region of sace, throughout which all hysical roerties (density, magnetization, etc.) of a material (or thermodynamic system) are
More informationOn the q-deformed Thermodynamics and q-deformed Fermi Level in Intrinsic Semiconductor
Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics Vol. 11, 2017, no. 5, 213-223 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com htts://doi.org/10.12988/ast.2017.61138 On the q-deformed Thermodynamics and q-deformed Fermi Level in
More informationThe Second Law of Thermodynamics. (Second Law of Thermodynamics)
he Second aw of hermodynamics For the free exansion, we have >. It is an irreversible rocess in a closed system. For the reversible isothermal rocess, for the gas > for exansion and < for comression. owever,
More informationHEAT, WORK, AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
HET, ORK, ND THE FIRST L OF THERMODYNMIS 8 EXERISES Section 8. The First Law of Thermodynamics 5. INTERPRET e identify the system as the water in the insulated container. The roblem involves calculating
More information602 ZHANG Zhi and CHEN Li-Rong Vol Gibbs Free Energy From the thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy of the system can be written as G = U ; TS +
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 37 (2002) 601{606 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 37, No. 5, May 15, 2002 The 2D Alternative Binary L J System: Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram ZHANG Zhi and CHEN
More informationarxiv: v1 [math-ph] 29 Apr 2016
INFORMATION THEORY AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS REVISITED arxiv:64.8739v [math-h] 29 Ar 26 JIAN ZHOU Abstract. We derive Bose-Einstein statistics and Fermi-Dirac statistics by Princile of Maximum Entroy alied
More informationChemistry 420/523 Chemical Thermodynamics (Spring ) Examination 1
Chemistry 420/523 Chemical hermodynamics (Sring 2001-02) Examination 1 1 Boyle temerature is defined as the temerature at which the comression factor Z m /(R ) of a gas is exactly equal to 1 For a gas
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS. Prepared by Sibaprasad Maity Asst. Prof. in Chemistry For any queries contact at
HERMODYNAMIS reared by Sibarasad Maity Asst. rof. in hemistry For any queries contact at 943445393 he word thermo-dynamic, used first by illiam homson (later Lord Kelvin), has Greek origin, and is translated
More informationI have not proofread these notes; so please watch out for typos, anything misleading or just plain wrong.
hermodynamics I have not roofread these notes; so lease watch out for tyos, anything misleading or just lain wrong. Please read ages 227 246 in Chater 8 of Kittel and Kroemer and ay attention to the first
More informationFUGACITY. It is simply a measure of molar Gibbs energy of a real gas.
FUGACITY It is simly a measure of molar Gibbs energy of a real gas. Modifying the simle equation for the chemical otential of an ideal gas by introducing the concet of a fugacity (f). The fugacity is an
More informationPhase Equilibrium Calculations by Equation of State v2
Bulletin of Research Center for Comuting and Multimedia Studies, Hosei University, 7 (3) Published online (htt://hdl.handle.net/4/89) Phase Equilibrium Calculations by Equation of State v Yosuke KATAOKA
More informationA short note on Reitlinger thermodynamic cycles
short note on Reitlinger thermodynamic cycles melia arolina Saravigna eartment of lied Science and echnology, Politecnico di orino, orino, Italy bstract: It is well known that arnot cycle is the thermodynamic
More informationChapter 1 Fundamentals
Chater Fundamentals. Overview of Thermodynamics Industrial Revolution brought in large scale automation of many tedious tasks which were earlier being erformed through manual or animal labour. Inventors
More informationarxiv: v2 [quant-ph] 16 Jan 2013
Quantum Brayton cycle with coupled systems as working substance X. L. Huang( 黄晓理 ), 1, L. C. Wang( 王林成 ), and X. X. Yi( 衣学喜 ), 1 School of physics and electronic technology, Liaoning Normal University,
More informationA SIMPLE PLASTICITY MODEL FOR PREDICTING TRANSVERSE COMPOSITE RESPONSE AND FAILURE
THE 19 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS A SIMPLE PLASTICITY MODEL FOR PREDICTING TRANSVERSE COMPOSITE RESPONSE AND FAILURE K.W. Gan*, M.R. Wisnom, S.R. Hallett, G. Allegri Advanced Comosites
More informationOPTIMAL PATHS OF PISTON MOTION OF IRREVERSIBLE DIESEL CYCLE FOR MINIMUM ENTROPY GENERATION. By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN *, and Fengrui SUN
OPTIMAL PATHS OF PISTON MOTION OF IRREVERSIBLE DIESEL CYCLE FOR MINIMUM ENTROPY GENERATION By Yanlin GE, Lingen CHEN *, and Fengrui SUN A Diesel cycle heat engine with internal and external irreversibilities
More informationLecture 8, the outline
Lecture, the outline loose end: Debye theory of solids more remarks on the first order hase transition. Bose Einstein condensation as a first order hase transition 4He as Bose Einstein liquid Lecturer:
More informationAnalysis of Pressure Transient Response for an Injector under Hydraulic Stimulation at the Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia
roceedings World Geothermal Congress 00 Bali, Indonesia, 5-9 Aril 00 Analysis of ressure Transient Resonse for an Injector under Hydraulic Stimulation at the Salak Geothermal Field, Indonesia Jorge A.
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.data-an] 26 Oct 2012
Constraints on Yield Parameters in Extended Maximum Likelihood Fits Till Moritz Karbach a, Maximilian Schlu b a TU Dortmund, Germany, moritz.karbach@cern.ch b TU Dortmund, Germany, maximilian.schlu@cern.ch
More informationJournal of System Design and Dynamics
Vol. 5, No. 6, Effects of Stable Nonlinear Normal Modes on Self-Synchronized Phenomena* Hiroki MORI**, Takuo NAGAMINE**, Yukihiro AKAMATSU** and Yuichi SATO** ** Deartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saitama
More informationdn i where we have used the Gibbs equation for the Gibbs energy and the definition of chemical potential
Chem 467 Sulement to Lectures 33 Phase Equilibrium Chemical Potential Revisited We introduced the chemical otential as the conjugate variable to amount. Briefly reviewing, the total Gibbs energy of a system
More informationChapter 6. Thermodynamics and the Equations of Motion
Chater 6 hermodynamics and the Equations of Motion 6.1 he first law of thermodynamics for a fluid and the equation of state. We noted in chater 4 that the full formulation of the equations of motion required
More information4. Score normalization technical details We now discuss the technical details of the score normalization method.
SMT SCORING SYSTEM This document describes the scoring system for the Stanford Math Tournament We begin by giving an overview of the changes to scoring and a non-technical descrition of the scoring rules
More informationA compression line for soils with evolving particle and pore size distributions due to particle crushing
Russell, A. R. (2011) Géotechnique Letters 1, 5 9, htt://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geolett.10.00003 A comression line for soils with evolving article and ore size distributions due to article crushing A. R. RUSSELL*
More informationNONRELATIVISTIC STRONG-FIELD APPROXIMATION (SFA)
NONRELATIVISTIC STRONG-FIELD APPROXIMATION (SFA) Note: SFA will automatically be taken to mean Coulomb gauge (relativistic or non-diole) or VG (nonrelativistic, diole-aroximation). If LG is intended (rarely),
More informationDistribution of populations in excited states of electrodeless discharge lamp of Rb atoms
Article Atomic & Molecular Physics June 2013 Vol.58 No.16: 18761881 doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-5789-z Distribution of oulations in excited states of electrodeless discharge lam of Rb atoms TAO ZhiMing 1,2,
More informationarxiv:cond-mat/ v2 25 Sep 2002
Energy fluctuations at the multicritical oint in two-dimensional sin glasses arxiv:cond-mat/0207694 v2 25 Se 2002 1. Introduction Hidetoshi Nishimori, Cyril Falvo and Yukiyasu Ozeki Deartment of Physics,
More informationChapter 20: Exercises: 3, 7, 11, 22, 28, 34 EOC: 40, 43, 46, 58
Chater 0: Exercises:, 7,,, 8, 4 EOC: 40, 4, 46, 8 E: A gasoline engine takes in.80 0 4 and delivers 800 of work er cycle. The heat is obtained by burning gasoline with a heat of combustion of 4.60 0 4.
More informationarxiv: v1 [nucl-ex] 28 Sep 2009
Raidity losses in heavy-ion collisions from AGS to RHIC energies arxiv:99.546v1 [nucl-ex] 28 Se 29 1. Introduction F. C. Zhou 1,2, Z. B. Yin 1,2 and D. C. Zhou 1,2 1 Institute of Particle Physics, Huazhong
More informationPHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS VOLUME 81 20 JULY 1998 NUMBER 3 Searated-Path Ramsey Atom Interferometer P. D. Featonby, G. S. Summy, C. L. Webb, R. M. Godun, M. K. Oberthaler, A. C. Wilson, C. J. Foot, and K.
More informationEnhancing Otto-mobile Efficiency via Addition of a Quantum Carnot Cycle
Fortschr. Phys. 50 (00) 5 7, 657 66 Enhancing Otto-mobile Efficiency via Addition of a Quantum Carnot Cycle omáš Opatrný and Marlan O. Scully Department of Physics, exas A & M University, College Station,
More informationwhether a process will be spontaneous, it is necessary to know the entropy change in both the
93 Lecture 16 he entroy is a lovely function because it is all we need to know in order to redict whether a rocess will be sontaneous. However, it is often inconvenient to use, because to redict whether
More informationChapter-6: Entropy. 1 Clausius Inequality. 2 Entropy - A Property
hater-6: Entroy When the first law of thermodynamics was stated, the existence of roerty, the internal energy, was found. imilarly, econd law also leads to definition of another roerty, known as entroy.
More informationAnalysis of cold rolling a more accurate method
Analysis of cold rolling a more accurate method 1.1 Rolling of stri more accurate slab analysis The revious lecture considered an aroximate analysis of the stri rolling. However, the deformation zone in
More informationarxiv: v1 [quant-ph] 20 Jun 2017
A Direct Couling Coherent Quantum Observer for an Oscillatory Quantum Plant Ian R Petersen arxiv:76648v quant-h Jun 7 Abstract A direct couling coherent observer is constructed for a linear quantum lant
More informationThe Second Law: The Machinery
The Second Law: The Machinery Chater 5 of Atkins: The Second Law: The Concets Sections 3.7-3.9 8th Ed, 3.3 9th Ed; 3.4 10 Ed.; 3E 11th Ed. Combining First and Second Laws Proerties of the Internal Energy
More informationSpeed of sound measurements in liquid Methane at cryogenic temperature and for pressure up to 10 MPa
LNGII - raining Day Delft, August 07 Seed of sound measurements in liquid Methane at cryogenic temerature and for ressure u to 0 MPa Simona Lago*, P. Alberto Giuliano Albo INRiM Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca
More information1 Entropy 1. 3 Extensivity 4. 5 Convexity 5
Contents CONEX FUNCIONS AND HERMODYNAMIC POENIALS 1 Entroy 1 2 Energy Reresentation 2 3 Etensivity 4 4 Fundamental Equations 4 5 Conveity 5 6 Legendre transforms 6 7 Reservoirs and Legendre transforms
More informationIntroduction to Landau s Fermi Liquid Theory
Introduction to Landau s Fermi Liquid Theory Erkki Thuneberg Deartment of hysical sciences University of Oulu 29 1. Introduction The rincial roblem of hysics is to determine how bodies behave when they
More informationINTRODUCING THE SHEAR-CAP MATERIAL CRITERION TO AN ICE RUBBLE LOAD MODEL
Symosium on Ice (26) INTRODUCING THE SHEAR-CAP MATERIAL CRITERION TO AN ICE RUBBLE LOAD MODEL Mohamed O. ElSeify and Thomas G. Brown University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada ABSTRACT Current ice rubble load
More informationAn Improved Calibration Method for a Chopped Pyrgeometer
96 JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 17 An Imroved Calibration Method for a Choed Pyrgeometer FRIEDRICH FERGG OtoLab, Ingenieurbüro, Munich, Germany PETER WENDLING Deutsches Forschungszentrum
More informationA MIXED CONTROL CHART ADAPTED TO THE TRUNCATED LIFE TEST BASED ON THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION
O P E R A T I O N S R E S E A R C H A N D D E C I S I O N S No. 27 DOI:.5277/ord73 Nasrullah KHAN Muhammad ASLAM 2 Kyung-Jun KIM 3 Chi-Hyuck JUN 4 A MIXED CONTROL CHART ADAPTED TO THE TRUNCATED LIFE TEST
More informationA Numerical Method for Critical Buckling Load for a Beam Supported on Elastic Foundation
A Numerical Method for Critical Buckling Load for a Beam Suorted on Elastic Foundation Guo-ing Xia Institute of Bridge Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
More informationarxiv: v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 10 Feb 2012
Ergodicity Breaking and Parametric Resonances in Systems with Long-Range Interactions Fernanda P. da C. Benetti, Tarcísio N. Teles, Renato Pakter, and Yan Levin Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal
More informationQuantum-Mechanical Carnot Engine
Quantum-Mechanical Carnot Engine Carl M. Bender 1, Dorje C. Brody, and Bernhard K. Meister 3 1 Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis MO 63130, USA Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College,
More informationOn the relationship between sound intensity and wave impedance
Buenos Aires 5 to 9 Setember, 16 Acoustics for the 1 st Century PROCEEDINGS of the nd International Congress on Acoustics Sound Intensity and Inverse Methods in Acoustics: Paer ICA16-198 On the relationshi
More informationNumerical Simulation of Particle Concentration in a Gas Cyclone Separator *
2007 Petroleum Science Vol.4 No.3 Numerical Simulation of Particle Concentration in a Gas Cyclone Searator * Xue Xiaohu, Sun Guogang **, Wan Gujun and Shi Mingxian (School of Chemical Science and Engineering,
More informationLecture Thermodynamics 9. Entropy form of the 1 st law. Let us start with the differential form of the 1 st law: du = d Q + d W
Lecture hermodnamics 9 Entro form of the st law Let us start with the differential form of the st law: du = d Q + d W Consider a hdrostatic sstem. o know the required d Q and d W between two nearb states,
More informationarxiv: v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 4 Apr 2018
arxiv:180.01511v [cond-mat.stat-mech] 4 Ar 018 Designing Memory Bits with Dissiation lower than the Landauer s Bound Saurav Talukdar, Shreyas Bhaban, James Melbourne and Murti V. Salaaka* 00 Union Street
More informationStudy on Characteristics of Sound Absorption of Underwater Visco-elastic Coated Compound Structures
Vol. 3, No. Modern Alied Science Study on Characteristics of Sound Absortion of Underwater Visco-elastic Coated Comound Structures Zhihong Liu & Meiing Sheng College of Marine Northwestern Polytechnical
More informationPHYS1001 PHYSICS 1 REGULAR Module 2 Thermal Physics Chapter 17 First Law of Thermodynamics
PHYS1001 PHYSICS 1 REGULAR Module Thermal Physics Chater 17 First Law of Thermodynamics References: 17.1 to 17.9 Examles: 17.1 to 17.7 Checklist Thermodynamic system collection of objects and fields. If
More informationPaper C Exact Volume Balance Versus Exact Mass Balance in Compositional Reservoir Simulation
Paer C Exact Volume Balance Versus Exact Mass Balance in Comositional Reservoir Simulation Submitted to Comutational Geosciences, December 2005. Exact Volume Balance Versus Exact Mass Balance in Comositional
More informationPressure-sensitivity Effects on Toughness Measurements of Compact Tension Specimens for Strain-hardening Solids
American Journal of Alied Sciences (9): 19-195, 5 ISSN 1546-939 5 Science Publications Pressure-sensitivity Effects on Toughness Measurements of Comact Tension Secimens for Strain-hardening Solids Abdulhamid
More informationThe Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Inlet-Volute Flow Field
World Journal of Mechanics, 013, 3, 30-35 doi:10.436/wjm.013.3403 Published Online July 013 (htt://www.scir.org/journal/wjm) The Numerical Simulation of Gas Turbine Inlet-Volute Flow Field Tao Jiang 1,
More informationEquilibrium Thermodynamics
Part I Equilibrium hermodynamics 1 Molecular hermodynamics Perhas the most basic equation in atmosheric thermodynamics is the ideal gas law = rr where is ressure, r is the air density, is temerature, and
More informationnot to be republished NCERT STATES OF MATTER UNIT 5 INTRODUCTION
32 CHEMISRY UNI 5 SAES OF MAER After studying this unit you will be able to exlain the existence of different states of matter in terms of balance between intermolecular forces and thermal energy of articles;
More informationTHE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
THE FIRST LA OF THERMODYNAMIS 9 9 (a) IDENTIFY and SET UP: The ressure is constant and the volume increases (b) = d Figure 9 Since is constant, = d = ( ) The -diagram is sketched in Figure 9 The roblem
More informationMeasurement of the Instantaneous Velocity of a Brownian Particle
Measurement of the Instantaneous Velocity of a Brownian Particle Tongcang Li, Simon Kheifets, David Medellin, Mark G. Raizen* Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Deartment of Physics, University of Texas
More informationDevelopment of self-adaptively loading for planetary roller traction-drive transmission
Available online www.jocr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 013, 5(9):498-506 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Develoment of self-adatively loading for lanetary
More informationDetermination of Pressure Losses in Hydraulic Pipeline Systems by Considering Temperature and Pressure
Paer received: 7.10.008 UDC 61.64 Paer acceted: 0.04.009 Determination of Pressure Losses in Hydraulic Pieline Systems by Considering Temerature and Pressure Vladimir Savi 1,* - Darko Kneževi - Darko Lovrec
More informationState Estimation with ARMarkov Models
Deartment of Mechanical and Aerosace Engineering Technical Reort No. 3046, October 1998. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. State Estimation with ARMarkov Models Ryoung K. Lim 1 Columbia University,
More informationPrediction of the Excitation Force Based on the Dynamic Analysis for Flexible Model of a Powertrain
Prediction of the Excitation Force Based on the Dynamic Analysis for Flexible Model of a Powertrain Y.S. Kim, S.J. Kim, M.G. Song and S.K. ee Inha University, Mechanical Engineering, 53 Yonghyun Dong,
More informationCombining Logistic Regression with Kriging for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)
Combining Logistic Regression with Kriging for Maing the Risk of Occurrence of Unexloded Ordnance (UXO) H. Saito (), P. Goovaerts (), S. A. McKenna (2) Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Deartment
More informationFactors Effect on the Saturation Parameter S and there Influences on the Gain Behavior of Ytterbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
Australian Journal of Basic and Alied Sciences, 5(12): 2010-2020, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Factors Effect on the Saturation Parameter S and there Influences on the Gain Behavior of Ytterbium Doed Fiber Amlifier
More informationA NEW COMPACT HEAT ENGINE
A NEW COMPACT HEAT ENGINE by Miodrag NOVAKOVI] Original scientific aer UDC: 536.8:621.4 BIBLID: 0354 9836, 6 (2002), 1, 45 51 The Differential Cylinder Heat Engine (DCHE) reorted consists of two different
More informationOn Using FASTEM2 for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) March 15, Godelieve Deblonde Meteorological Service of Canada
On Using FASTEM2 for the Secial Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) March 15, 2001 Godelieve Deblonde Meteorological Service of Canada 1 1. Introduction Fastem2 is a fast model (multile-linear regression model)
More informationPlotting the Wilson distribution
, Survey of English Usage, University College London Setember 018 1 1. Introduction We have discussed the Wilson score interval at length elsewhere (Wallis 013a, b). Given an observed Binomial roortion
More informationThe Noise Power Ratio - Theory and ADC Testing
The Noise Power Ratio - Theory and ADC Testing FH Irons, KJ Riley, and DM Hummels Abstract This aer develos theory behind the noise ower ratio (NPR) testing of ADCs. A mid-riser formulation is used for
More informationSupplementary Material: Crumpling Damaged Graphene
Sulementary Material: Crumling Damaged Grahene I.Giordanelli 1,*, M. Mendoza 1, J. S. Andrade, Jr. 1,, M. A. F. Gomes 3, and H. J. Herrmann 1, 1 ETH Zürich, Comutational Physics for Engineering Materials,
More informationThe International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam
IAPWS SR5-05(2016) he International Association for the Proerties of Water and Steam Moscow, Russia June 2014 Revised Sulementary Release on Backward Equations for Secific Volume as a Function of Pressure
More informationThermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of an Optical Electric-Field Sensor
Sensors 15, 15, 715-715; doi:1.9/s154715 Article OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 144-8 www.mdi.com/journal/sensors Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of an Otical Electric-Field Sensor Xia Xiao *, Yan Xu and
More informationCOMPENDIUM OF EQUATIONS Unified Engineering Thermodynamics
COMPENDIUM OF EQUAIONS Unified Engineering hermodynamics Note: It is with some reseration that I suly this comendium of equations. One of the common itfalls for engineering students is that they sole roblems
More informationCompressible Flow Introduction. Afshin J. Ghajar
36 Comressible Flow Afshin J. Ghajar Oklahoma State University 36. Introduction...36-36. he Mach Number and Flow Regimes...36-36.3 Ideal Gas Relations...36-36.4 Isentroic Flow Relations...36-4 36.5 Stagnation
More informationWolfgang POESSNECKER and Ulrich GROSS*
Proceedings of the Asian Thermohysical Proerties onference -4 August, 007, Fukuoka, Jaan Paer No. 0 A QUASI-STEADY YLINDER METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF HEAT APAITY, THERMAL ONDUTIVITY AND
More informationEfficiencies. Damian Vogt Course MJ2429. Nomenclature. Symbol Denotation Unit c Flow speed m/s c p. pressure c v. Specific heat at constant J/kgK
Turbomachinery Lecture Notes 1 7-9-1 Efficiencies Damian Vogt Course MJ49 Nomenclature Subscrits Symbol Denotation Unit c Flow seed m/s c Secific heat at constant J/kgK ressure c v Secific heat at constant
More informationThermodynamic equations of state of polymers and conversion processing
Polimery, No.,,. 66 hermodynamic equations of state of olymers and conversion rocessing B. Kowalska Selected from International Polymer Science and echnology, 9, No.,, reference P //66; transl. serial
More informationAn Analysis of Reliable Classifiers through ROC Isometrics
An Analysis of Reliable Classifiers through ROC Isometrics Stijn Vanderlooy s.vanderlooy@cs.unimaas.nl Ida G. Srinkhuizen-Kuyer kuyer@cs.unimaas.nl Evgueni N. Smirnov smirnov@cs.unimaas.nl MICC-IKAT, Universiteit
More informationPhysics 2A (Fall 2012) Chapters 11:Using Energy and 12: Thermal Properties of Matter
Physics 2A (Fall 2012) Chaters 11:Using Energy and 12: Thermal Proerties of Matter "Kee in mind that neither success nor failure is ever final." Roger Ward Babson Our greatest glory is not in never failing,
More informationBasic statistical models
Basic statistical models Valery Pokrovsky March 27, 2012 Part I Ising model 1 Definition and the basic roerties The Ising model (IM) was invented by Lenz. His student Ising has found the artition function
More informationPERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH MULTI-OPTIMIZING GENETIC ALGORITHM
PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR CONCRETE MIXTURE WITH MULTI-OPTIMIZING GENETIC ALGORITHM Takafumi Noguchi 1, Iei Maruyama 1 and Manabu Kanematsu 1 1 Deartment of Architecture, University of Tokyo,
More information/ p) TA,. Returning to the
Toic2610 Proerties; Equilibrium and Frozen A given closed system having Gibbs energy G at temerature T, ressure, molecular comosition (organisation ) and affinity for sontaneous change A is described by
More informationClassical gas (molecules) Phonon gas Number fixed Population depends on frequency of mode and temperature: 1. For each particle. For an N-particle gas
Lecture 14: Thermal conductivity Review: honons as articles In chater 5, we have been considering quantized waves in solids to be articles and this becomes very imortant when we discuss thermal conductivity.
More informationVelocity Changing and Dephasing collisions Effect on electromagnetically induced transparency in V-type Three level Atomic System.
Velocity Changing and Dehasing collisions Effect on electromagnetically induced transarency in V-tye Three level Atomic System. Anil Kumar M. and Suneel Singh University of Hyderabad, School of hysics,
More informationFE FORMULATIONS FOR PLASTICITY
G These slides are designed based on the book: Finite Elements in Plasticity Theory and Practice, D.R.J. Owen and E. Hinton, 1970, Pineridge Press Ltd., Swansea, UK. 1 Course Content: A INTRODUCTION AND
More information4. A Brief Review of Thermodynamics, Part 2
ATMOSPHERE OCEAN INTERACTIONS :: LECTURE NOTES 4. A Brief Review of Thermodynamics, Part 2 J. S. Wright jswright@tsinghua.edu.cn 4.1 OVERVIEW This chater continues our review of the key thermodynamics
More informationA PEAK FACTOR FOR PREDICTING NON-GAUSSIAN PEAK RESULTANT RESPONSE OF WIND-EXCITED TALL BUILDINGS
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-1, 009, Taiei, Taiwan A PEAK FACTOR FOR PREDICTING NON-GAUSSIAN PEAK RESULTANT RESPONSE OF WIND-EXCITED TALL BUILDINGS M.F. Huang 1,
More information