TÜV Rheinland PTL, LLC 2210 South Roosevelt Street Tempe, AZ Test Report

Transcription

1 TÜV Rheinland PTL, LLC 2210 South Roosevelt Street Tempe, AZ Test Report Solar Thermal Collector Testing according to Solar Keymark and EN : 2006 and EN : 2006 TÜV Report No. RK1-MDS Tempe, AZ October 2011 Testing Certificate

2 2 / 31 Disclaimer This report shall not be reproduced except in full, without the written approval of TÜV Rheinland PTL; and the data provided herein relate only to the samples tested at the date of test and do not guarantee any past or future performance/safety. In the event of discrepancy between the original data and the data presented in this report, the original data shall supersede the report data. Neither TÜV Rheinland, nor TÜV Rheinland PTL, nor any of their employees assumes any liability arising out of this report.

3 3 / 31 Report No: RK1 MDS on Solar Thermal Collector Testing according to EN : 2006 and EN : 2006 and Solar Keymark Client: Modulo Solar S.A. de C.V. TÜV PTL Quotation No: MDS TÜV Order No: Order of: 02/01/11, MDS TÜV Customer No: Test Engineer: Authorizing: Department: S. Driskill, (tel: ) M. Witt, (tel: , x167) Solar ThermalTesting Date: 10/26/2011 No. of pages: 31 No. of Appendices: 4

4 4 / 31 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Setting of tasks Basis of testing Sampling Description of collector construction Test program execution and evaluation Visual inspection Static pressure test High temperature resistance test Stagnation temperature Exposure test External thermal shock test Internal thermal shock test Rain penetration test Mechanical load test Final inspection and disassembly Collector time constant and effective thermal capacity Collector time constant Effective thermal capacity Thermal performance testing Test method according to Solar Keymark & EN : Test conditions Test results Incidence angle modifier Test conditions Test results Pressure drop across collector Test conditions Test results Appendix 1: Incidence angle modifier measured and calculated data Appendix 2: Exposure testing climate data Appendix 3: Thermal performance test data Appendix 4: Photo documentation... 31

5 5 / 31 Summary of test results Manufacturer : Modulo Solar S.A. de C.V. Calle 23 Este No. 3, CIVAC Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62578, MEXICO Model Number : Maxol MS 2.5 Collector Type : Glazed Flat Plate Test Incoming Inspection High temperature resistance Static pressure (pre exposure) Static pressure (post exposure) Exposure Date Summary of main test results Start End 3/31/11 No visual damage observed. 4/11/11 No visual damage observed. 4/1/11 No visual damage observed. 5/9/11 No visual damage observed. 4/2/11 5/4/11 No visual damage observed. External thermal shock 1 st 4/15/ W/m 2 w/ No visual damages. 2 nd 4/22/ W/m 2 w/ No visual damages. 3 rd 5/3/ W/m 2 w/ No visual damages. Internal thermal shock 1 st 5/5/ W/m 2 w/ No visual damages. 2 nd 5/6/ W/m 2 w/ No visual damages. Rain penetration Mechanical load: positive Mechanical load: negative Impact Resistance Freeze Resistance Time constant Thermal performance Incidence angle modifier Final inspection 9/21/11 No visual damage observed. 6/16/11 No visual damage observed. 6/16/11 No visual damage observed. Not performed. Not performed. 6/10/11 No visual damage observed. 6/7/11 6/9/11 No visual damage observed. 6/10/11 6/10/11 No visual damage observed. 6/17/11 No visual damage observed. All above listed tests of the standard EN : 2006 and EN : 2006 as cited by standard Solar Keymark were performed and assessed as passing successfully in accordance with the criteria. It is therefore declared that the solar thermal collector of the aforementioned type fulfils the requirements of Solar Keymark. Test engineer Authorizing engineer Samantha Driskill Mark Witt

6 6 / 31 Summary of collector performance test results: Manufacturer : Modulo Solar S.A. de C.V. Calle 23 Este No. 3, CIVAC Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62578, MEXICO Model Number : Maxol MS 2.5 Collector Type : Glazed Flat Plate Year of Manufacture : 2009 Length 2.09 [m] Absorber area [m 2 ] Width [m] Aperture area [m 2 ] Height [m] Gross area [m 2 ] Weight (empty) [kg] Mass flow rate [kg/s] Heat transfer medium Water, water glycol Performance test pressure Thermal performance: Approx. 20 [psi] Gross Area Basis (A G ) Aperture Area Basis (A a ) η a [W/(m 2 K)] [W/(m 2 K)] a [W/(m 2 K)] [W/(m 2 K)] Output power* per collector unit area in W: Irradiation Tm Ta [K] 400 W/m W/m W/m W W W *at near normal incidence angle ** values less than zero

7 7 / 31 1 Setting of tasks A complete collector test in accordance with standard Solar Keymark on the basis of EN : 2006 and EN : 2006 of the Modulo Solar S.A. de C.V. collector Maxol MS 2.5 shall be performed with the aim of Solar Keymark Certification. 2 Basis of testing Specific CEN Keymark Scheme Rules for Solar Thermal Products Version December 2009 EN : 2006 Thermal solar systems and components Collectors Part 1: General requirements EN : 2006 Thermal solar systems and components Collectors Part 2: Test procedure 3 Sampling Prototype samples Samples from pilot production Samples from serial production Selection of test samples according to Solar Keymark Scheme Rules Version December Description of collector construction Manufacturer Brand name Model Number Collector Type and Optical Category Date of Manufacture Serial Number SRCC Random Selection Number Modulo Solar S.A. de C.V. Modulo Solar Maxol MS 2.5 Glazed Flat Plate 2009 A 5 MDS A 5 Collector & construction: Gross dimensions, L x W [m] Aperture dimension, L x W [m] Absorber dimensions, L x W [m] Gross / aperture / absorber area [m 2 ] Weight empty [kg] Volumetric fluid capacity [L] 2.09 x x x / /

8 8 / 31 Figure 5 1 Photo of Modulo Solar Maxol MS 2.5 collector Figure 5 2 Schematic drawing of Modulo Solar Maxol MS 2.5 collector

9 9 / 31 Cover: Number of cover plates Material(s) Thicknesses(es) Transmittance(s) Air space (glazing to absorber) 1 (2) Low Iron Patterned Solar Glass (3) 4.0 (3) Not specified. 20 (3) Absorber: Construction type (e.g. sheet, fins, etc.) Material(s) Absorber thickness [mm] Absorber Plate to Fluid Passage Bonding Method Laser welded (3) Number of Flow Tubes 11 (2) Aluminum (3) Flow Pattern Harp (3) 0.4 (3) Riser tube O.D. [mm] 8.0 (3) Laser welded (3) Header O.D. [mm] 22.0 (3) Absorber Coating: Generic name Material(s) Method of application Bluetec Eta Plus (3) Absorptivity 0.95 (3) Ceramic metal compound (CERMET) (3) Magnetron sputtering (3) Emissivity 0.05 (3) Enclosure and Insulation: Side Frame Materials Backing Materials Trim Caulking, sealant gaskets material(s) Rolled iron 1010 (3) Insulation material (back) Rock wool (3) Polyurethane (3) Insulation material (back) Polyurethane (3) Not specified. Not specified. Limit values (given by the manufacturer): Maximum temperature [ C] Operating temperature range [ C] Maximum pressure [psi] Heat transfer medium Collector mounting 200 (3) (3) 145 (3) Water, water glycol mix (3) Sloping roof, flat roof with stand (3) (1) Determined by test laboratory (2) Reviewed manufacturer in formation (3) Manufacturer specification

10 10 / 31 Instruction/installation manual: Installation manual fulfils all requirements of EN : Dimensions and weight of the collector, instructions for transport and handling thereof Description of the assembly procedure Recommendations regarding lightning protection Instructions for connecting collectors to each other and for connection of the collector field to the heat transfer circuits as well as dimensions of tube connections in collector groups up to 20 m 2 Recommendations regarding the usable heat transfer media (also with regard to corrosion) as well as precautionary measures which are to be taken for filling, operation, servicing, and maintenance Maximum operating pressure, pressure loss, as well as largest and smallest tilt angles Permissible wind and snow load Maintenance requirements Details: PASS? Yes No

11 11 / 31 Collector label plate: Collector marking fulfils all requirements of EN : Name of the manufacturer Model number of collector Type of collector Serial number Year of manufacture Gross collector area Dimensions of the collector Maximum operating pressure Stagnation temperature, at 1000 W/m 2 and 30 C Fluid capacity Empty weight of collector Manufacturing location Yes No Figure 5 4 Photo of manufacturer label on Modulo Solar Maxol MS 2.5 collector

12 12 / 31 5 Test program execution and evaluation 5.1. Visual inspection Date 3/31/11 Inspector M. Witt Serial No. Description of defects A 5 No visual defects observed Static pressure test Collector type; Cover Maximum collector operating pressure specified by manufacturer [psi] Serial number Test conditions; Date Inspector Test temperature, ambient [ C] Test temperature, fluid [ C] Test pressure [psi] Test duration [min] Pressure loss [psi] Permissible pressure loss [psi] glazed 160 A 3 Pre exposure Post exposure 4/1/11 5/9/11 M. Witt M. Witt Test results; Details of any observed or measured leakage, swelling or distortion and problems which according to 5.2 of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

13 13 / High temperature resistance test Serial number Date Inspector A 5 4/11/11 M. Witt Method used to heat collector; Test performed outdoor exposure Outdoor Test conditions; Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Average ambient air temperature [ C] Average irradiation during test [W/m 2 ] Average ambient air speed [m/s] Duration of test [min] Maximum absorber temperature during test [ C] Automatic tracking Test results; Details of any observed or measured degradation, distortion, shrinkage or outgassing and problems which according to of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

14 14 / Stagnation temperature The stagnation temperature was calculated using Approach 1 from Annex B.1 of ISO :1995, using the set of efficiency constants determined by Gross Area and Mean Reduced Temperature basis. The figures used are as follows: Conversion factor η 0 Heat loss coefficient a 1 Temperature dependent heat loss coefficient a To determine the stagnation temperature, the formula was extrapolated to an irradiance of 1000 W/m 2 and an ambient temperature of 30 C. The calculation is as follows: where, t s : Stagnation temperature t as : 30 C G s : 1000 W/m The resulting stagnation temperature is: Stagnation temperature, t s [ C] For ambient conditions of 1000 W/m 2 and 30 C (determination acc. to ISO :1995, Annex B.1) 195

15 15 / Exposure test Serial number Date begin/end Inspector A 3 4/2/11 5/4/11 M. Witt Test conditions; Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] 33.5 Total no. of test days and radiation energy [MJ/m ] No. of days with more than 18 MJ/m 2 31 No. of rain days and total rainfall [mm] Time period with G>950 W/m 2 and t a >15 C [hr] Ambient temperature of test days [ C] Total daily rainfall [mm] Minimum value Maximum value Test results; Details of any observed or measured problems or failures which according to 5.5 of EN are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed. For more details about Exposure testing, see Appendix 2: Exposure testing climate data.

16 16 / External thermal shock test Test conditions; Test location Serial Number (or Selection Number if none provided) Date Inspector Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Mean & min. irradiation [W/m 2 ] Ambient temperature [ C] Period during which steady state conditions were maintained prior to shock [min] Water spray mass flow rate [L/(sm 2 )] Water spray temperature [ C] Water spray duration [min] Absorber temperature before spraying [ C] 1 st Shock 2 nd Shock 3 rd Shock Outdoors Outdoors Outdoors A 3 4/15/11 4/22/11 5/3/11 M. Witt M. Witt M. Witt Test results; Details of any observed or measured cracking, distortion, condensation, water penetration or loss of vacuum and problems which according to of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

17 17 / Internal thermal shock test Test conditions; Test location Serial number Date Inspector Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Min. & mean irradiation [W/m 2 ] Min. & mean ambient temperature [ C] Period during which steady state conditions were maintained prior to shock [min] Shock water mass flow rate [L/(sm 2 )] Shock water temperature [ C] Shock duration [min] Absorber temperature before shocking [ C] 1 st Shock 2 nd Shock Outdoors Outdoors A 3 A 3 5/5/11 5/5/11 M. Witt M. Witt Tracking Tracking Test results; Details of any observed or measured cracking, distortion, condensation, water penetration or loss of vacuum and problems which according to of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

18 18 / Rain penetration test Serial number Date Inspector A 5 9/22/11 M. Witt Test conditions; Collector mounted on: Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Detection of ingress of water Duration of water spray [hr] Open frame Outdoors By means of precision mass balance Test results; Area with visible water penetration [% of aperture area] Location where water penetration is observed Duration until visible water penetration has disappeared Change in collector mass from spraying [g] Permissible change in collector mass from spraying [g] Details of any observed or measured problems which according to of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

19 19 / Mechanical load test Serial number Date Inspector A 5 6/16/11 M. Witt Positive pressure test conditions; Maximum pressure load [Pa] Remaining deflection (deformation) [mm] Negative pressure test conditions; Maximum pressure load [Pa] Remaining deflection (deformation) [mm] Test results; Details of any damage to the collector cover, cover fixings, or mounting fixings and problems which according to 5.9 of EN : 2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damage observed.

20 20 / Final inspection and disassembly Serial number Date Inspector A 5 6/17/11 M. Witt Evaluate each potential problem according to the following scale: Key: 0: No problem 1: Minor problem 2: Severe problem x: Inspection to establish the condition was not possible Collector component Potential problem Evaluation a) Cracking/ warping/ corrosion/rain Collector box/ fasteners 0 penetration b) Mountings/ structure Strength/ safety 0 c) Seals/ gaskets Cracking/adhesion/ elasticity 0 d) Cracking/ crazing/ buckling/ Cover/ reflector 0 delamination/warping/ outgassing e) Absorber coating Cracking/ crazing/ blistering 0 f) Absorber tubes and headers Deformation/ corrosion/ leakage/loss of bonding Absorber mountings Deformation/ corrosion 0 Insulation Water retention/ outgassing/degradation 0 0* *Some compression and discoloration

21 21 / 31 6 Collector time constant and effective thermal capacity 6.1. Collector time constant The Collector Time Constant was determined out of the step response from time constant experimental data collected according to EN : 2006, Figure 6 1 and Figure 6 2 show the two test runs of the collector time constant determination test. Serial number Date Run 1 time constant result [seconds] Run 2 time constant result [seconds] Run 3 time constant result [seconds] Collector time constant (mean) [seconds] A 5 6/10/ (t e t a ) (t e t a ) [ C] τ C 4.0 T τ T *[(t e t a ) 2 (t e t a ) 0 ] 6.0 (t e t a ) Time [s] Figure 6 1 Time constant data for collector, Run 1

22 22 / (t e t a ) (t e t a ) [ C] τ C 0.632*[(t e t a ) 2 (t e t a ) 0 ] T 0 T τ (t e t a ) Time [s] Figure 6 2 Time constant data for collector, Run Effective thermal capacity The effective thermal capacity, C, was determined using the calculation method described in ISO , 10.2: where p i, m i, and c i, refer to the weighting factor, the component mass, and the component material s specific heat capacity, respectively. Gross area (area basis of calculation) [m 2 ] Effective Thermal Capacity, C eff = C/A a (calculated) [kj/m 2 K] Thermal Capacity (calculated) [kj/k]

23 23 / 31 7 Thermal performance testing Outdoor steady state procedure according to EN : 2006, was used to determine the instantaneous efficiency curve of the collector. Each data point was obtained by averaging data from a six second sampling rate into a 15 minute steady state test period. Each 15 min steady state test period was preceded by a 15 minute pre conditioning period under which the same conditions are held within the stability requirements of EN : Test method according to Solar Keymark & EN : 2006 Serial number Date (Start/End) Inspector A 5 6/7/11 6/9/11 M. Witt 7.2. Test conditions Test Method Latitude [ ] Longitude [ ] Collector tilt [ from horizontal] Collector azimuth [ from south] Heat transfer fluid Mean mass flow [kg/s] Flow rate range [kg/hr] Mean irradiance [W/m 2 ] Mean wind speed [m/s] Operating pressure during test [psi] Outdoor, Steady state Tracking (manual) Tracking (manual) Utility tap water Approx Test results Second order Fit to Data: Gross Area Basis (A G ) Aperture Area Basis (A a ) η a W/(m 2 K) [W/(m 2 K)] a W/(m 2 K) [W/(m 2 K)]

24 24 / Instantaneous Efficiency, η a (Tm-Ta)/G Figure 7 1 Regression curve of collector efficiency for aperture area basis of m 2 and irradiance normalization of 1000 W/m Instantaneous Efficiency, η a y = x x R² = (Tm Ta)/G Figure 7 2 Data points for collector efficiency on Aperture area basis of m 2 and irradiance normalization of 1000 W/m 2 Linear Fit to Data: Gross Area Basis (A G ) Aperture Area Basis (A a ) η U W/(m 2 K) W/(m 2 K)

25 25 / 31 8 Incidence angle modifier Incident angle data was collected using an outdoor, steady state test method, per EN : 2006, 6.1.7, for the incident angle modifier, on an open rack mount, under the following conditions Test conditions Test Method Latitude [ ] Longitude [ ] Collector tilt [ from horizontal] Collector azimuth [ from south] Outdoor, Steady state Tracking (manual) Tracking (manual) 8.2. Test results θ T / θ L K θ (θ T ) K θ (θ L ) R² = IAM, K θ Incidence Angle, 1/cos(θ) 1 [ ] Figure 8 1 Incidence angle modifier observed points For the calculation of IAM, the efficiency value was extrapolated to (t m t a )/G = 0. To accomplish this, the heat loss values of the collector on aperture area basis were used. In the Appendix, Tables A1 1 and A1 2 show the measured and calculated values for the incidence angle modifier (IAM), respectively.

26 26 / 31 9 Pressure drop across collector Serial Number (or Selection Number if none provided) Date Inspector A 5 10/21/11 M. Witt 9.1. Test conditions Collector tilt [ from horizontal] Fluid used Average fluid temperature [ C] Average ambient temperature [ C] 0 Utility tap water Test results R² = Pressure Drop (kpa) Flowrate (kg/s) Figure 9 1 Pressure drop observed data points and curve fit Pressure drop curve function Δ

27 27 / 31 Appendix 1: Incidence angle modifier measured and calculated data Table A1 1 Measured values for the incidence angle modifier Pre conditioning Test Period AVERAGES, 15 MIN SST PERIOD Date LT Start h:min LT End h:min LT Start h:min LT End h:min Irradiance, G (W/m2) Ambient Temp [C] Windspeed (m/s) Inlet Temp [C] Flowrate (kg/s) 6/7/ :23 13:38 13:38 13: /7/ :38 13:53 13:53 14: /7/ :53 14:08 14:08 14: /7/ :08 14:23 14:23 14: /10/ :16 11:31 11:31 11: /10/ :31 11:46 11:46 12: /10/ :46 12:01 12:01 12: /10/ :01 12:16 12:16 12: /10/ :59 13:14 13:14 13: /10/ :14 13:29 13:29 13: /10/ :29 13:44 13:44 13: /10/ :44 13:59 13:59 14: /10/2011 9:18 9:33 9:33 9: /10/2011 9:33 9:48 9:48 10: /10/2011 9:48 10:03 10:03 10: /10/ :03 10:18 10:18 10: Table A1 2 Calculated values for the incidence angle modifier Pre conditioning Test Period IAM Curve Incidence Angle Cos Factor [1/cos(θ) 1] Temp Corrected n a LT Start LT End LT Start LT End Incidence Date h:min h:min h:min h:min η a Angle IAM, K θ 6/7/ :23 13:38 13:38 13: /7/ :38 13:53 13:53 14: /7/ :53 14:08 14:08 14: /7/ :08 14:23 14:23 14: /10/ :16 11:31 11:31 11: /10/ :31 11:46 11:46 12: /10/ :46 12:01 12:01 12: /10/ :01 12:16 12:16 12: /10/ :59 13:14 13:14 13: /10/ :14 13:29 13:29 13: /10/ :29 13:44 13:44 13: /10/ :44 13:59 13:59 14: /10/2011 9:18 9:33 9:33 9: /10/2011 9:33 9:48 9:48 10: /10/2011 9:48 10:03 10:03 10: /10/ :03 10:18 10:18 10:

28 28 / 31 Appendix 2: Exposure testing climate data Day Count Radiation > 950 W/m2 [Hours] Daily Irradiation [MJ/(m2*day)] Avg Daily Temp [ C] Total Daily Rainfall [in] Date Day 1 4/2/ Day 2 4/3/ Day 3 4/4/ Day 4 4/5/ Day 5 4/6/ Day 6 4/7/ Day 7 4/8/ Day 8 4/9/ Day 9 4/10/ Day 10 4/11/ Day 11 4/12/ Day 12 4/13/ Day 13 4/14/ Day 14 4/15/ Day 15 4/16/ Day 16 4/17/ Day 17 4/18/ Day 18 4/19/ Day 19 4/20/ Day 20 4/21/ Day 21 4/22/ Day 22 4/23/ Day 23 4/24/ Day 24 4/25/ Day 25 4/26/ Day 26 4/27/ Day 27 4/28/ Day 28 4/29/ Day 29 4/30/ Day 30 5/1/ Day 31 5/2/ Day 32 5/3/ Day 33 5/4/ CUMULATIVE days >18MJ/m2 MIN: days Irradiance Threshold 950 MAX: MAX: 0.43

29 29 / 31 Table A3 1 Measured values for the efficiency test results Date Appendix 3: Thermal performance test data Pre conditioning Test Period AVERAGES, 15 MIN SST PERIOD Ambient Inlet LT Start LT End LT Start LT End Irradiance, G d /G E L Temp Windspeed Temp h:min h:min h:min h:min G (W/m2) [%] (W/m2) [C] (m/s) [C] t e t in [K] Flowrate (kg/s) 6/7/ :24 13:39 13:39 13: /7/ :39 13:54 13:54 14: /7/ :54 14:09 14:09 14: /7/ :09 14:24 14:24 14: /9/2011 9:53 10:08 10:08 10: /9/ :23 10:38 10:38 10: /9/ :38 10:53 10:53 11: /9/ :35 10:50 10:50 11: /8/ :11 15:26 15:26 15: /8/ :26 15:41 15:41 15: /8/ :41 15:56 15:56 16: /8/ :56 16:11 16:11 16: /8/ :08 13:23 13:23 13: /8/ :23 13:38 13:38 13: /8/ :38 13:53 13:53 14: /8/ :53 14:08 14:08 14: Note that the high values of diffuse fraction G d /G, such as those greater to 15%, are not actual values but represent erroneous values due to shadow band misplacement. Actual values during testing were all less than 0.15.

30 30 / 31 Table A3 2 Calculated values for the efficiency test results where irradiance for normalization is G=800 W/m 2 Date Pre conditioning Test Period AVERAGES, 15 MIN SST PERIOD LT Start h:min LT End h:min LT Start h:min LT End h:min t m [C] C f [J/kgK] Q dot [W] (t i t a )/G [m 2 K/W] (t i t a ) 2 /G [m 2 K 2 /W] η G η A (t m t a )/G [m 2 K/W] 6/7/ :24 13:39 13:39 13: /7/ :39 13:54 13:54 14: /7/ :54 14:09 14:09 14: /7/ :09 14:24 14:24 14: /9/2011 9:53 10:08 10:08 10: /9/ :23 10:38 10:38 10: /9/ :38 10:53 10:53 11: /9/ :35 10:50 10:50 11: /8/ :11 15:26 15:26 15: /8/ :26 15:41 15:41 15: /8/ :41 15:56 15:56 16: /8/ :56 16:11 16:11 16: /8/ :08 13:23 13:23 13: /8/ :23 13:38 13:38 13: /8/ :38 13:53 13:53 14: /8/ :53 14:08 14:08 14:

31 31 / 31 Appendix 4: Photo documentation Figure A4 1 External thermal shock Figure A4 2 Negative mechanical load (PASS) Figure A4 3 Positive mechanical load (PASS) Figure A4 4 Final disassembly (PASS) Figure A4 5 Final disassembly (PASS)