Sensors & Transducers 2016 by IFSA Publishing, S. L.
|
|
- Victoria Hawkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 96, Issue, January 206, pp Sensors & Transducers 206 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. Collapse Mode Characteristics of Parallel Plate Ultrasonic Transducer Radiating in Air and Water Rashmi Sharma, Rekha Agarwal and 2 Anil Anil Arora Amity School of Engineering & Technology, New Delhi,006, India 2 Thapar University, Patiala, 47004, India Tel.: rashmiapj@gmail.com Received: 6 December 205 /Accepted: 8 January 206 /Published: 3 January 206 Abstract: A 2D finite element analysis of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) is proposed taking into account radiation in air and water. Different CMUT element geometries circular, square and hexagonal have been considered for FEM simulations. FEM simulation software COMSOL is employed to determine the structural deflections caused by electrostatic forces. Since the structural deformation alters the electrostatic field, a coupled-field simulation is required wherein the electrostatic mesh is continuously updated to coincide with the deflection of the structure. In this paper the deflection profile, resonance frequency, material parameters and collapse mode characteristics are being compared with device in air and under water. The CMUT is an electromechanical system, therefore, the physics of electrical and structural mechanics is coupled to describe its dynamics. Maximum frequency of operation is obtained by deriving the time evolution of the device for several frequencies. Copyright 206 IFSA Publishing, S. L. Keywords: Ultrasonic transducer, Pull in voltage, Resonant frequency, Collapse mode.. Introduction Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) are a promising alternative to piezoelectric transducers and receive considerable attention due to their advantages such as wider bandwidth, higher sensitivity, ease of array fabrication and integration []. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) were introduced as micromachined suspended plate structures with a moving top electrode and a rigid substrate electrode [2]. When immersed in a liquid medium, CMUTs are capable of generating wideband acoustical pulses with more than 00 % fractional bandwidth [3]. However, many applications require high transmitted pressures for increased penetration and signal quality. The power output capability of CMUTs can be increased by utilizing the collapsed state of the plates [4-6]. Accurate and fast simulation methods are necessary for understanding CMUT dynamics and for designing high-performance CMUTs. CMUT models are based either on finite element method (FEM) models [7-8] or on equivalent circuits [9-2]. Precise modeling of capacitive micromachined ultra-sonic transducers (CMUT) is important for an efficient design process. A CMUT structure comprises a capacitor which consists of two plates in which one of them is fixed and the other can deflect. Electrostatic forces act when a voltage is applied causing deflection of moving plate. The deflection of the movable plate is an important parameter that influences several basic CMUT parameters such as pull-in voltage and capacitance. In this paper, we simulate the mechanical behaviour of a transmitting CMUT under electrical excitation. The model is dependent on plate 52
2 Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 96, Issue, January 206, pp dimensions and mechanical properties and it can predict the plate movement in the collapsed state as well as in the uncollapsed state. The simulation results for deflections are compared with CMUT in air and under water for future design reference. 2. Principle of Operation 2.. Physical Principle A basic parallel plate capacitor cell made of a thin membrane is shown in Fig.. Fig.. Cross sectional view of CMUT. The electrostatic force generated on the membrane of the capacitor cell is proportional to the square of the applied voltage, the area of the capacitor and the permittivity of the material between the plates, and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the plates []: 2, () where ε 0 is the permittivity of free space, A is the area of the plates, V stands for the applied bias voltage between the plates, d 0 is the initial gap height and x is the membrane displacement. Because the electrostatic force is proportional to the square of the bias voltage, linear cmut operation requires DC bias voltage together with the AC excitation. Then the electrostatic force can be written as 2 2 (2) The first term in the parenthesis represents the static force, the second term represents the excitation force proportional to the applied AC voltage, and the last term represents the harmonic contribution of the AC voltage. When the DC bias voltage is much larger than the AC excitation, the harmonic contribution can be ignored. The membrane can be thought of as a mass clamped with a spring that opposes the electrostatic attraction force. The static force on the membrane is balanced by the mechanical restoring force., (3) where k is the spring constant. The minus sign indicates different direction from the electrostatic force, the spring trying to pull upwards. When the sum of the electrical force and the spring force equals zero, the following expression is obtained: 2 (4) Expression (4) gives a relation between membrane displacement x and applied bias voltage V. Pull-in or collapse occurs when dv/dx = 0. Making the calculation and substituting into (3) the pull-in voltage results as: 8 27 (5) An important design parameter of a CMUT membrane is the collapse voltage, above which the attractive force can no longer be balanced by the restoring force of the membrane. This collapse voltage determines the operating point of the device. Therefore, it is crucial to calculate the collapse voltage accurately. The membrane of thickness t m is coated with a thin layer of conducting material on the top side, and the bottom electrode is separated from the membrane by a distance t a. The electrical capacitance can be written as:, (6) where ε is the dielectric constant of the membrane material, and is A the area of the membrane. The list of parameters used for simulation are listed in Table. Table. Parameters used for Simulation. Parameter Value Plate Thickness µm Al Thickness 0.2 µm Gap Height µm Insulation Layer 0.2 µm DC Voltage AC Voltage 2.2. Resonance Frequency 80 V 0 V In a CMUT, a membrane is actuated by a time varying input voltage and the vibration of the membrane generates ultrasound waves. The resonance frequency increases with increasing intrinsic stress. At low stress levels the membrane behaves as a plate with the material parameters giving the plates own stiffness and frequency [3]. As intrinsic stress level increases, this stress will dominate over the flexural rigidity. The membrane will operate more as a membrane with no bending stiffness [4]. The wave equation is used for 53
3 Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 96, Issue, January 206, pp solving the plate resonance frequency as a fourth order partial differential equation: 0, (7) where x is the deflections, E is the Young s modulus of the membrane, ν is the Poisson ratio, ρ is the density of the membrane and t is the thickness of the membrane. Solving with boundary conditions no deflection and rigid fastening at the border x(r) = 0 and dx/dr r = R = 0 gives the resonance frequency of the first mode as: 0.47 (8) In the plate model, intrinsic model is not considered. It is only material dimensions and properties which determine the resonance frequency [0] Results and Discussion Resonant frequency calculated for different geometries are being shown in Table 2 with areas. Fig. 2 shows the simulation carried out in COMSOL. Table 2. Resonant Frequencies for Different Geometries. Geometry Area Resonant Frequency Deflection Circular 3.4 r 2.348e6 Hz 0.08 μm Square 2 r e6 Hz μm Hexagonal 2.6 r e6 Hz 0. μm Fig. 2 shows that if the area and thickness of the membranes are kept constant and silicon is selected as a membrane material then deflection is 0. μm for hexagonal membrane at Eigen frequency of.36 MHz, and deflection is 0.08 μm for circular membrane at Eigen frequency of.3 MHz. Fig. 2. Eigen Frequency for Circular, Square and Hexagonal. In case of square membrane, the deflection is μm at the Eigen frequency of.4 MHz. In other words, for the same area and same material, deflection is lesser for square membrane and in order to obtain this deflection, it requires a higher frequency as compared to other membranes. Though circular membrane produces nearly the same deflection at a lower frequency. Also, we can conclude that hexagonal membrane shows maximum deflection at a frequency of.36 MHz which is lower than square membrane but in close approximation with the circular membrane having frequency.3 MHz. 54
4 Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 96, Issue, January 206, pp Fig. 3 illustrates the results of displacement versus DC voltage when transducer is placed in air. In this case, pressure of atm acts on the membrane. At 0 V, the deflection of membrane is observed as 0.34 μm in case of circular geometry, 0.3 μm for hexagonal geometry and 0.25 μm for square geometry. Here, CMUT operates in collapse mode as expected and is able to generate and detect ultrasound more effectively than a CMUT operating in conventional mode. Fig. 4 illustrates the results of displacement versus DC voltage when the transducer is placed in water at a depth of 5 m. frequency is minimum for Circular and maximum for Square membranes. Maximum displacement is shown by Circular and minimum by Square when device is subjected in air as well as underwater with DC bias. CMUT offers best performance with circular geometry in terms of Eigen frequency, pull in voltage and in maximum deflection as a function of DC bias. But for array formation the results are not satisfactory because of voids, so area is not effectively utilized. So we can use hexagonal geometry for effective utilization of area. The deflection of membrane is more when immersed in water as compared to deflection in air. These results can be considered for further designing of CMUT for various applications. References Fig. 3. Displacement with applied Voltage in Air. Fig. 4. Displacement with Voltage under Water. At zero volt, the observed deflection is 0.5 μm in case of circular geometry, 0.46 μm in hexagonal geometry and 0.38 μm in square geometry. Thus, we observed that the deflection for the discussed cases is highest for circular geometry. Although, hexagonal geometry is also in close approximation to this. 3. Conclusions CMUT have been compared with geometries namely circular, square and hexagonal. Resonance []. I. Ladabaum, X. Jin, H. T. Soh, A. Atalar, B. T. Khuri Yakub, Surface micromachined capacitive Vol. 45, Issue 3, 998, pp [2]. O. Oralkan, A. Ergun, J. Johnson, M. Karaman, U. Demirci, K. Kaviani, T. Lee, B. Khuri-Yakub, Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: next-generation arrays for acoustic imaging?, IEEE Frequency Control, Vol. 49, Issue, Nov. 2002, pp [3]. R. O. Guldiken, J. Zahorian, F. Y. Yamaner, F. L. Degertekin, Dual-electrode CMUT with nonuniform membranes for high electromechanical coupling coefficient and high bandwidth operation, IEEE Frequency Control, Vol. 56, Issue 6, 2009, pp [4]. Ö. Oralkan, B. Bayram, G. G. Yaralioglu, A. S. Ergun, M. Kupnik, D. T. Yeh, I. O. Wygant, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, Experimental characterization of collapse-mode CMUT operation, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 53, Issue 8, 2006, pp [5]. Y. Huang, E. Hæggstrom, B. Bayram, X. Zhuang, A. S. Ergun, C.-H. Cheng, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, Comparison of conventional and collapsed region operation of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 53, Issue 0, 2006, pp [6]. S. Olcum, F. Y. Yamaner, A. Bozkurt, H. Köymen, A. Atalar, Deep collapse operation of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, IEEE Frequency Control, Vol. 58, Issue, Nov 20, pp [7]. A. Bozkurt, F. L. Degertekin, A. Atalar, B. T. Khuri- Yakub, Analytic modelling of loss and cross-coupling in capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, in Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 2, 998, pp [8]. G. G. Yaralioglu, A. S. Ergun, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, Finite-element analysis of capacitive micromachined Vol. 52, Issue 2, 2005, pp
5 Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 96, Issue, January 206, pp [9]. A. Lohfink, P. C. Eccardt, Linear and nonlinear equivalent circuit modeling of CMUTs, IEEE Frequency Control, Vol. 52, Issue 2, 2005, pp [0]. A. Caronti, G. Caliano, A. Iula, M. Pappalardo, An accurate model for capacitive micromachined Vol. 49, Issue 2, 2002, pp []. S. Olcum, M. N. Senlik, A. Atalar, Optimization of the gainbandwidth product of capacitive micromachined Vol. 52, Issue 2, 2005, pp [2]. H. Köymen, M. N. Senlik, A. Atalar, S. Olcum, Parametric linear modeling of circular CMUT membranes in vacuum, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 54, Issue 6, 2007, pp [3]. Bayram B., Yaralioglu G. G., Kupnik M., et al., Dynamic analysis of capacitive micromachined Vol. 52, Issue 2, Dec. 2005, pp [4]. Rashmi Sharma, Rekha Agarwal, Anil Arora, Performance Analysis of MEMS-based [5]. [6]. [7]. [8]. UltrasonicTransducer with Different Membrane Materials, Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology, Vol., No. 3, 204. A. Caronti, R. Carotenuto, M. Pappalar, Electromechical coupling factor of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 3, No., 2003, pp I. O. Wygant, M. Kupnik, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, Analytically calculating membrane displacement and the equivalent circuit model of a circular CMUT cell, in Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2008, pp H. K. Oguz, S. Olcum, M. N. Senlik, V. Tas, A. Atalar, H. Köymen, Nonlinear modeling of an immersed transmitting capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer for harmonic balance analysis, IEEE Frequency Control, Vol. 57, Issue 2, 200, pp B. Bayram, Ö. Oralkan, A. S. Ergun, E. Hæggström, G. G. Yaralioglu, B. T. Khuri-Yakub, Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer design for high power transmission, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 52, Issue 2, 2005, pp Copyright, International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA) Publishing, S. L. All rights reserved. ( 56
I. INTRODUCTION. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113 (1), January /2003/113(1)/279/10/$ Acoustical Society of America
Electromechanical coupling factor of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers Alessandro Caronti, a) Riccardo Carotenuto, and Massimo Pappalardo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica, Università
More informationieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 52, no. 12, december
ieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 52, no. 12, december 2005 2185 Finite-Element Analysis of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Goksen G. Yaralioglu,
More informationAn Accurate Model for Pull-in Voltage of Circular Diaphragm Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT)
An Accurate Model for Pull-in Voltage of Circular Diaphragm Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT) Mosaddequr Rahman, Sazzadur Chowdhury Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
More informationCapacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers
2270 ieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 52, no. 12, december 2005 Dynamic Analysis of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Baris Bayram, Goksen G.
More informationCHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS
61 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATORS 4.1 INTRODUCTION The analysis of cantilever beams of small dimensions taking into the effect of fringing fields is studied and
More informationViscous Damping Effect on the CMUT Device in Air
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 58, No. 4, April 2011, pp. 747 755 Viscous Damping Effect on the CMUT Device in Air Seung-Mok Lee Micromachined Sensing Laboratory, Ingen MSL Inc., Ayumino
More informationA Comparison of Pull-in Voltage Calculation Methods for MEMS-Based Electrostatic Actuator Design
A Comparison of Pull-in Voltage Calculation Methods for MEMS-Based Electrostatic Actuator Design Abstract Sazzadur Chowdhury, M. Ahmadi, W. C. Miller Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University
More informationCHAPTER 5 FIXED GUIDED BEAM ANALYSIS
77 CHAPTER 5 FIXED GUIDED BEAM ANALYSIS 5.1 INTRODUCTION Fixed guided clamped and cantilever beams have been designed and analyzed using ANSYS and their performance were calculated. Maximum deflection
More informationDesign and Analysis of dual Axis MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer
International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 5 (2017) pp. 779-790 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Design and Analysis of dual Axis
More informationPiezoelectric Resonators ME 2082
Piezoelectric Resonators ME 2082 Introduction K T : relative dielectric constant of the material ε o : relative permittivity of free space (8.854*10-12 F/m) h: distance between electrodes (m - material
More informationAn investigation on the behaviour of PDMS as a membrane material for underwater acoustic sensing
Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 41(6), December 2012, pp. 557-562 An investigation on the behaviour of PDMS as a membrane material for underwater acoustic sensing M. F. A. Rahman, M. R. Arshad,
More informationAcoustic Backing in 3-D Integration of CMUT With Front-End Electronics
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 59, no. 7, July 202 537 Acoustic Backing in 3-D Integration of CMUT ith Front-End Electronics Sigrid Berg, Student Member,
More informationThickness Optimization of a Piezoelectric Converter for Energy Harvesting
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 29 Milan Thickness Optimization of a Piezoelectric Converter for Energy Harvesting M. Guizzetti* 1, V. Ferrari 1, D. Marioli 1 and T. Zawada 2 1 Dept.
More informationFinite Element Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever
Finite Element Analysis of Piezoelectric Cantilever Nitin N More Department of Mechanical Engineering K.L.E S College of Engineering and Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Abstract- Energy (or power)
More informationAnalytical Design of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Piezoelectric Accelerometer for high g acceleration
Analytical Design of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) based Piezoelectric Accelerometer for high g acceleration Arti Arora 1, Himanshu Monga 2, Anil Arora 3 Baddi University of Emerging Science
More informationEE C245 / ME C218 INTRODUCTION TO MEMS DESIGN FALL 2009 PROBLEM SET #7. Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 10, 2009, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory.
Issued: Thursday, Nov. 24, 2009 PROBLEM SET #7 Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 10, 2009, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory. 1. Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that measure rotation rate, which is an extremely
More informationMicrostructure cantilever beam for current measurement
264 South African Journal of Science 105 July/August 2009 Research Articles Microstructure cantilever beam for current measurement HAB Mustafa and MTE Khan* Most microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors
More informationEE C245 / ME C218 INTRODUCTION TO MEMS DESIGN FALL 2011 C. Nguyen PROBLEM SET #7. Table 1: Gyroscope Modeling Parameters
Issued: Wednesday, Nov. 23, 2011. PROBLEM SET #7 Due (at 7 p.m.): Thursday, Dec. 8, 2011, in the EE C245 HW box in 240 Cory. 1. Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that measure rotation rate, which is an extremely
More informationTHE PACKAGING of a micromachined ultrasonic transducer
JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOL. 19, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2010 1341 Encapsulation of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Using Viscoelastic Polymer Der-Song Lin, Student Member, IEEE,
More informationComparative Analysis on Design and Simulation of Perforated Mems Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Comparative Analysis on Design and Simulation of Perforated Mems Capacitive Pressure Sensor Kirankumar B Balavalad*, Bhagyashree Mudhol*, B G Sheeparamatti*, Praveenkumar B. Balavalad** *Department of
More informationSimulation based Analysis of Capacitive Pressure Sensor with COMSOL Multiphysics
Simulation based Analysis of Capacitive Pressure Sensor with COMSOL Multiphysics Nisheka Anadkat MTech- VLSI Design, Hindustan University, Chennai, India Dr. M J S Rangachar Dean Electrical Sciences, Hindustan
More informationSIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER WITH A NON-TRADITIONAL GEOMETRY
SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER WITH A NON-TRADITIONAL GEOMETRY S. Sunithamani 1, P. Lakshmi 1, E. Eba Flora 1 1 Department of EEE, College of Engineering, Anna University,
More informationDesign Optimization of Mems Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester For Low Frequency Applications
Design Optimization of Mems Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester For Low Frequency Applications [1] Roohi Singh, [2] Anil Arora [1][2] Department of Electronics and Communication Thapar Institute of Engineering
More informationANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CERAMIC PIEZOELECTRIC BEAM BEHAVIOR UNDER THE EFFECT OF EXTERNAL SOLICITATIONS
Third International Conference on Energy, Materials, Applied Energetics and Pollution. ICEMAEP016, October 30-31, 016, Constantine,Algeria. ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CERAMIC PIEZOELECTRIC BEAM
More informationDesign of a MEMS Capacitive Comb-drive Accelerometer
Design of a MEMS Capacitive Comb-drive Accelerometer Tolga Kaya* 1, Behrouz Shiari 2, Kevin Petsch 1 and David Yates 2 1 Central Michigan University, 2 University of Michigan * kaya2t@cmich.edu Abstract:
More informationComparative Study on Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring Applications
Comparative Study on Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring Applications Shivaleela.G 1, Dr. Praveen. J 2, Dr. Manjunatha. DVᶾ, Dr. Habibuddin Shaik 4 P.G. Student, Department of Electronics
More informationOptimizing the Performance of MEMS Electrostatic Comb Drive Actuator with Different Flexure Springs
Optimizing the Performance of MEMS Electrostatic Comb Drive Actuator with Different Flexure Springs Shefali Gupta 1, Tanu Pahwa 1, Rakesh Narwal 1, B.Prasad 1, Dinesh Kumar 1 1 Electronic Science Department,
More informationEE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2012
EE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2012 Prof. Clark T.-C. Nguyen Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 Lecture EE C245:
More informationEE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design
EE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2007 Prof. Clark T.-C. Nguyen Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 Lecture 22: Capacitive
More informationJOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 1
JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 1 A High Fill-Factor Annular Array of High Frequency Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Yipeng Lu, Amir Heidari, and David A. Horsley, Member,
More informationINF5490 RF MEMS. LN03: Modeling, design and analysis. Spring 2008, Oddvar Søråsen Department of Informatics, UoO
INF5490 RF MEMS LN03: Modeling, design and analysis Spring 2008, Oddvar Søråsen Department of Informatics, UoO 1 Today s lecture MEMS functional operation Transducer principles Sensor principles Methods
More informationTransduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field
Lecture 6-1 Transduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field Electric Field and Forces Suppose a charged fixed q 1 in a space, an exploring charge q is moving toward the fixed
More informationInnovative MEMS Voltage-to-Frequency Converter using Cascaded Transducers
International Journal of Engineering and Technology Volume 2 No. 9, September, 2012 Innovative MEMS Voltage-to-Frequency Converter using Cascaded Transducers Amir J. Majid Ajman University of Science &
More informationPIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER
PIEZOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY PRIMER James R. Phillips Sr. Member of Technical Staff CTS Wireless Components 4800 Alameda Blvd. N.E. Albuquerque, New Mexico 87113 Piezoelectricity The piezoelectric effect is
More informationTunable MEMS Capacitor for RF Applications
Tunable MEMS Capacitor for RF Applications Shriram H S *1, Tushar Nimje 1, Dhruv Vakharia 1 1 BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India *1167, 1 st Main, 2 nd Block, BEL Layout, Vidyaranyapura, Bangalore 560097; email:
More informationNDT&E Methods: UT Ultrasound Generation
CAVITY INSPECTION NDT&E Methods: UT Ultrasound Generation VJ Technologies NDT&E Methods: UT 6. NDT&E: Introduction to Methods 6.1. Ultrasonic Testing: Basics of Elasto-Dynamics 6.2. Ultrasonic Testing:
More informationA theoretical model of an ultrasonic transducer incorporating spherical resonators
IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics (2016) 81, 1 25 doi:10.1093/imamat/hxv023 Advance Access publication on 18 August 2015 A theoretical model of an ultrasonic transducer incorporating spherical resonators
More informationieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 50, no. 9, september
ieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 50, no. 9, september 003 1191 Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Transducers Using Rectangular Membranes Mohammed
More informationDesign and Simulation of Comb Drive Capacitive Accelerometer by Using MEMS Intellisuite Design Tool
Design and Simulation of Comb Drive Capacitive Accelerometer by Using MEMS Intellisuite Design Tool Gireesh K C 1, Harisha M 2, Karthick Raj M 3, Karthikkumar M 4, Thenmoli M 5 UG Students, Department
More informationModelling of Different MEMS Pressure Sensors using COMSOL Multiphysics
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2017 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Modelling
More informationY. C. Lee. Micro-Scale Engineering I Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
Micro-Scale Engineering I Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Y. C. Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0427 leeyc@colorado.edu January 15, 2014 1 Contents
More informationDESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF BULK MICROMACHINED ACCELEROMETER FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL. 1, NO. 4, DECEMBER 008 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF BULK MICROMACHINED ACCELEROMETER FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS Thampi Paul 1, Jaspreet Singh,
More informationMEMS PARALLEL PLATE ACTUATORS: PULL-IN, PULL-OUT AND OTHER TRANSITIONS
MEMS PARALLEL PLATE ACTUATORS: PULL-IN, PULL-OUT AND OTHER TRANSITIONS Subrahmanyam Gorthi, Atanu Mohanty and Anindya Chatterjee* Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science,
More informationSimulation of a Polyimide Based Micromirror
Simulation of a Polyimide Based Micromirror A. Arevalo* *1, S. Ilyas **1, D. Conchouso and I. G. Foulds *1, 2 * Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), ** Physical
More informationInternational Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: Vol.7, No.2, pp ,
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN: 0974-4290 Vol.7, No.2, pp 678-684, 2014-2015 ICONN 2015 [4 th -6 th Feb 2015] International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-2015
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1 Molecular structures of functional materials involved in our SGOTFT devices. Supplementary Figure 2 Capacitance measurements of a SGOTFT device. (a) Capacitance
More informationStudy and design of a composite acoustic sensor to characterize an heterogeneous media presenting a complex matrix
19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, -7 SEPTEMBER 007 Study and design of a composite acoustic sensor to characterize an heterogeneous media presenting a complex matrix PACS: 43.58.-e Georges,
More informationSensors and Transducers. mywbut.com
Sensors and Transducers 1 Objectives At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: describe the principle of operation of various sensors and transducers; namely.. Resistive Position Transducers.
More informationGENERAL CONTACT AND HYSTERESIS ANALYSIS OF MULTI-DIELECTRIC MEMS DEVICES UNDER THERMAL AND ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATION
GENERAL CONTACT AND HYSTERESIS ANALYSIS OF MULTI-DIELECTRIC MEMS DEVICES UNDER THERMAL AND ELECTROSTATIC ACTUATION Yie He, James Marchetti, Carlos Gallegos IntelliSense Corporation 36 Jonspin Road Wilmington,
More informationEE C245 - ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall Today s Lecture
EE C45 - ME C18 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 003 Roger Howe and Thara Srinivasan Lecture 11 Electrostatic Actuators II Today s Lecture Linear (vs. displacement) electrostatic actuation: vary overlap
More informationSURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE FERROELECTRIC PHONONIC CRYSTAL TUNABLE BY ELECTRIC FIELD
NANOSYSTEMS: PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, 2013, 4 (5), P. 630 634 SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE FERROELECTRIC PHONONIC CRYSTAL TUNABLE BY ELECTRIC FIELD V. P. Pashchenko 1,2 1 Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical
More informationPerformance Evaluation of MEMS Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Hearing Aid Application
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) 215] [Vol-2, Issue-4, April- Performance Evaluation of MEMS Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor for Hearing Aid Application Apoorva
More informationModeling and Design of MEMS Accelerometer to detect vibrations on chest wall
Modeling and Design of MEMS Accelerometer to detect vibrations on chest wall P. Georgia Chris Selwyna 1, J.Samson Isaac 2 1 M.Tech Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of EIE, Karunya University, Coimbatore
More informationSimulation and Experimental Characterizations of a Thin Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor
Simulation and Experimental Characterizations of a Thin Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor A.-M. El Guamra *1, D. Bühlmann 1, F. Moreillon 1, L. Vansteenkiste 1, P. Büchler 2, A. Stahel 3, P. Passeraub
More informationHEALTH MONITORING OF PLATE STRUCTURE USING PIEZO ELECTRIC PATCHES AND CURVATURE MODE SHAPE
ISSN (Online) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization, Volume 2, Special Issue
More informationActive elastomer components based on dielectric elastomers
Gummi Fasern Kunststoffe, 68, No. 6, 2015, pp. 412 415 Active elastomer components based on dielectric elastomers W. Kaal and S. Herold Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability
More informationEE C247B ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Spring 2016
EE C47B ME C18 Introduction to MEMS Design Spring 016 Prof. Clark T.-C. Nguyen Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 9470 Lecture EE C45:
More informationMEMS INERTIAL POWER GENERATORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
MEMS INERTIAL POWER GENERATORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS P. MIAO, P. D. MITCHESON, A. S. HOLMES, E. M. YEATMAN, T. C. GREEN AND B. H. STARK Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial
More informationThe Pull-In of Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Driven Microstructures and the Use in DC Voltage References
IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Anchorage, AK, USA, 1-3 May 00 The Pull-In of Symmetrically and Asymmetrically Driven Microstructures and the Use in DC Voltage References L.A.
More informationDesign and Simulation of Various Shapes of Cantilever for Piezoelectric Power Generator by Using Comsol
Design and Simulation of Various Shapes of Cantilever for Piezoelectric Power Generator by Using Comsol P. Graak 1, A. Gupta 1, S. Kaur 1, P. Chhabra *1, D. Kumar **1, A. Shetty 2 1 Electronic Science
More informationPhysical Modeling and Simulation Rev. 2
11. Coupled Fields Analysis 11.1. Introduction In the previous chapters we have separately analysed the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical fields. We have discussed their sources, associated material
More informationKurukshetra University INDIA
American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics Available online at http://www.iasir.net ISSN (Print): 2328-3491, ISSN (Online): 2328-3580, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3629
More informationHomework assignment from , MEMS Capacitors lecture
Homework assignment from 05-02-2006, MEMS Capacitors lecture 1. Calculate the capacitance for a round plate of 100µm diameter with an air gap space of 2.0 µm. C = e r e 0 * A/d (1) e 0 = 8.85E-12 F/m e
More informationChapter 2 Surface Acoustic Wave Motor Modeling and Motion Control
Chapter 2 Surface Acoustic Wave Motor Modeling and Motion Control 1 Abstract For miniaturization of ultrasonic transducers, a surface acoustic wave device has an advantage in rigid mounting and high-power-density
More informationDept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT /08/2015
Design and Analysis of Three DOF Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester Ravi Teja Purra Reddy, Xingguo Xiong, Junling Hu Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University
More informationTransduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field. Lecture 6-5. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Transduction Based on Changes in the Energy Stored in an Electrical Field Lecture 6-5 Transducers with cylindrical Geometry For a cylinder of radius r centered inside a shell with with an inner radius
More informationCharacterization and modelling of 3D piezoelectric ceramic structures with. ATILA software.
Characterization and modelling of 3D piezoelectric ceramic structures with ATILA software. Esa Heinonen, Jari Juuti and Seppo Leppävuori University of Oulu, Microelectronics and Material Physics Laboratories,
More informationEE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design
EE C245 ME C218 Introduction to MEMS Design Fall 2007 Prof. Clark T.-C. Nguyen Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 Lecture 23: Electrical
More informationUnit 3 Transducers. Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers
Unit 3 Transducers Lecture_3.1 Introduction to Transducers Introduction to transducers A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to other form. It converts the measurand to a usable electrical
More informationDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE MICRO- ACCELEROMETER USING PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILMS
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF THE MICRO- ACCELEROMETER USING PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILMS JYH-CHENG YU and FU-HSIN LAI Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
More informationElectrostatic Microgenerators
Electrostatic Microgenerators P.D. Mitcheson, T. Sterken, C. He, M. Kiziroglou, E. M. Yeatman and R. Puers Executive Summary Just as the electromagnetic force can be used to generate electrical power,
More informationModel to Analyze Micro Circular Plate Subjected to Electrostatic Force
Sensors & Transducers, Vol. 15, Issue 6, June 1, pp. 19-1 Sensors & Transducers 1 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.com Model to Analyze Micro Circular Plate Subjected to Electrostatic Force Cao Tian-Jie
More informationA Vertical Electrostatic Actuator with Extended Digital Range via Tailored Topology
A Vertical Electrostatic Actuator with Extended Digital Range via Tailored Topology Yanhang Zhang and Martin L. Dunn Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309
More informationAnalysis of the conical piezoelectric acoustic emission transducer
Applied and Computational Mechanics (008) 3 4 Analysis of the conical piezoelectric acoustic emission transducer O. Červená a,,p.hora a a Institute of Thermomechanics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Veleslavínova,
More informationDIAGNOSTIC medical ultrasound requires arrays of ultrasound
104 JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOL. 20, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 2011 Modeling and Characterization of CMOS-Fabricated Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers Christopher B. Doody, Member,
More informationCharacterization of an AlGaN/GaN Electrostatically Actuated Cantilever using Finite Element Method
Presented at the COMSOL Conference 2010 Boston Characterization of an AlGaN/GaN Electrostatically Actuated Cantilever using Finite Element Method Nicholas DeRoller, Muhammad Qazi, Jie Liu, and Goutam Koley
More informationJOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 1
JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 1 Modeling, Fabrication, and Characterization of Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays Based on Cavity SOI Wafers Yipeng Lu and David A. Horsley,
More informationLarge Scale Computation of Coupled. Electro-Acoustic Systems using ANSYS and CAPA
Large Scale Computation of Coupled Electro-Acoustic Systems using ANSYS and CAPA H.Landes, M. Kaltenbacher, R. Lerch Chair of Sensor Technology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Summary: The numerical simulation
More informationModeling and simulation of multiport RF switch
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Modeling and simulation of multiport RF switch To cite this article: J Vijay et al 006 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 4 715 View the article online for updates and enhancements.
More informationPart 2. Sensor and Transducer Instrument Selection Criteria (3 Hour)
Part 2 Sensor and Transducer Instrument Selection Criteria (3 Hour) At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the definition of sensor and transducer Determine the specification of control
More informationME 237: Mechanics of Microsystems : Lecture. Modeling Squeeze Film Effects in MEMS
ME 237: Mechanics of Microsystems : Lecture Squeeze Film Effects in MEMS Anish Roychowdhury Adviser : Prof Rudra Pratap Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Nano Science and Engineering
More informationTransducers. Today: Electrostatic Capacitive. EEL5225: Principles of MEMS Transducers (Fall 2003) Instructor: Dr. Hui-Kai Xie
EEL55: Principles of MEMS Transducers (Fall 3) Instructor: Dr. Hui-Kai Xie Last lecture Piezoresistive Pressure sensor Transducers Today: Electrostatic Capacitive Reading: Senturia, Chapter 6, pp. 15-138
More informationBiosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2
Biosensors and Instrumentation: Tutorial 2. One of the most straightforward methods of monitoring temperature is to use the thermal variation of a resistor... Suggest a possible problem with the use of
More informationEE 5344 Introduction to MEMS CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Sensors. 1. Position Displacement x, θ 2. Velocity, speed Kinematic
I. Mechanical Measurands: 1. Classification of main types: EE 5344 Introduction MEMS CHAPTER 6 Mechanical Sensors 1. Position Displacement x, θ. Velocity, speed Kinematic dx dθ v =, = ω 3. Acceleration
More informationInstitute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy
Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy Micromechanics Ass.Prof. Priv.-Doz. DI Dr. Harald Plank a,b a Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz
More informationMidterm 2 PROBLEM POINTS MAX
Midterm 2 PROBLEM POINTS MAX 1 30 2 24 3 15 4 45 5 36 1 Personally, I liked the University; they gave us money and facilities, we didn't have to produce anything. You've never been out of college. You
More informationExperimental analysis of spring hardening and softening nonlinearities in. microelectromechanical oscillators. Sarah Johnson
Experimental analysis of spring hardening and softening nonlinearities in microelectromechanical oscillators. Sarah Johnson Department of Physics, University of Florida Mentored by Dr. Yoonseok Lee Abstract
More informationElectromechanical Sensors and Actuators Fall Term
Electromechanical Sensors and Actuators Dr. Qing-Ming Wang Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of Pittsburgh 2017 Fall Term Lecture 1 Introduction and Transducer Models
More informationChapter 2 Lateral Series Switches
Chapter 2 Lateral Series Switches The objective of this chapter is to study the lateral RF MEMS series switch [1 14]. The switch consists of a silicon-core (Si-core) transmission line and a cantilever
More informationDesign and Simulation of a Microelectromechanical Double-Ended Tuning Fork Strain Gauge
Design and Simulation of a Microelectromechanical Double-Ended Tuning Fork Strain Gauge A. Bardakas 1, H. Zhang 1, W.D. eon-salas 1 1. School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West afayette,
More informationOptimizing micromechanical force detectors for measuring. magnetization at high magnetic fields
Abstract Optimizing micromechanical force detectors for measuring magnetization at high magnetic fields Jeremy Paster University of Florida July 30, 2008 MEMS devices prove to be advantageous in magnetometry.
More informationClassification of services in Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration
Classification of services in Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration Last update: December 2017 1 Metrology Area: Acoustics, Ultrasound and Vibration Branch: Sound in Air 1. Measurement microphones 1.1 Pressure
More informationDESIGN, FABRICATION AND ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMS BASED MICROMIRROR
XIX IMEKO World Congress Fundamental and Applied Metrology September 6 11, 2009, Lisbon, Portugal DESIGN, FABRICATION AND ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEMS BASED MICROMIRROR Talari Rambabu 1,
More informationCapacitive Sensor Interfaces
Capacitive Sensor Interfaces Bernhard E. Boser Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California, Berkeley Capacitive Sensor Interfaces 1996
More informationPiezo materials. Actuators Sensors Generators Transducers. Piezoelectric materials may be used to produce e.g.: Piezo materials Ver1404
Noliac Group develops and manufactures piezoelectric materials based on modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT) of high quality and tailored for custom specifications. Piezoelectric materials may be used
More informationCOUPLED FIELD ANALYSIS OF PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER BEAM
COUPLED FIELD ANALYSIS OF PIEZOELECTRIC CANTILEVER BEAM Kunal Ganpati Rajdeep Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Solapur University / Fabtech Technical Campus & Research, Sangola, India ABSTRACT Electromechanical
More informationDesign and Modeling of Membrane Supported FBAR Filter
Design and Modeling of Membrane Supported FBAR Filter Alexandra STEFANESCU, Dan NECULOIU, Alina Cristina BUNEA IMT Bucharest, 32B, Erou Iancu Nicolae str., 077190 Bucharest, Romania Tel.: +40212690775
More informationDesign and Simulation of A MEMS Based Horseshoe Shaped Low Current Lorentz Deformable Mirror (LCL-DM).
Design and Simulation of A MEMS Based Horseshoe Shaped Low Current Lorentz Deformable Mirror (LCL-DM). Byoungyoul Park 1, Tao Chen 1, Cyrus Shafai 1 1 Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of
More informationCharacterization of MEMS Devices
MEMS: Characterization Characterization of MEMS Devices Prasanna S. Gandhi Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Recap Characterization of MEMS
More informationBEM modeling of MEMS with thin plates and shells using a total Lagrangian approach
Boundary Elements XXVII 287 BEM modeling of MEMS with thin plates and shells using a total Lagrangian approach S. Telukunta & S. Mukherjee 2 Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University,
More information