Lecture 27 Bipolar Junction Transistors
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1 Lecture 27 polar Juncton Transstors ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
2 polar Juncton Transstors 1. Understand bpolar juncton transstor operaton n amplfer crcuts. 2. Analyze smple amplfers usng the load-lne technque and understand the causes of nonlnear dstorton. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
3 Tubes ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
4 Deforest s Audon ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
5 Trode Tube ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
6 ardeen, rttan and Shockley Dscoery of the transstor n 1947 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
7 Frst Transstor ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
8 Intal Demonstraton of Sold State Amplfcaton ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
9 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
10 Frst Integrated rcut (I) Jack Klby at Texas Instruments (1958) ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
11 Early Integrated rcut (I) ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
12 hp Eoluton ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
13 NPN and PNP polar Juncton Transstors (JT) ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
14 NPN polar Juncton Transstor ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
15 as ondtons for PN Junctons The base emtter p-n juncton of an npn transstor s normally forward based The base collector p-n juncton of an npn transstor s normally reerse based ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
16 as ondtons for NPN Junctons ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
17 as ondtons for NPN Junctons ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
18 as ondtons for NPN Junctons ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
19 as ondtons for NPN Junctons ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
20 Equatons of Operaton E E I ES exp 1 VT From Krchoff s current law: + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
21 Equatons of Operaton Defne α as the rato of collector current to emtter current: α Values for α range from 0.9 to wth 0.99 beng typcal. Snce: E Most of the emtter current comes from the collector and ery lttle ( 1%) from the base. E E E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
22 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. Equatons of Operaton 1 exp T E ES V α I 1 exp T E ES E V I E α
23 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. 1 exp ) (1 T E ES V I α ) (1 1 α + E E E E E Equatons of Operaton
24 Equatons of Operaton Defne β as the rato of collector current to base current: β α 1 α Values for β range from about 10 to 1,000 wth a common alue beng β 100. The collector current s an amplfed erson of the base current. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. β
25 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. Equatons of Operaton 1 exp T E ES E V I 1 exp T E ES V I α E α 1 exp ) (1 T E ES V I α β α α β
26 The base regon s ery thn Only a small fracton of the emtter current flows nto the base proded that the collector-base juncton s reerse based and the base-emtter juncton s forward based. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
27 Exercse 13.1 A certan transstor has β 50, I ES A, E 5 V, and E 10 ma. Assume V T V. Fnd E,,, and α. E E I ES V α T E exp V E β ln I E ES E E β 50 α β T 9.80mA 9.80mA 50 1 For operaton wth mv ln mv V 5V 4.282V 196μA exp V ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. E >> I ES E I ES E T
28 Exercse 13.2 ompute the correspondng alues of β f α 0.9, 0.99 and β α 1 α β 0.9 β β ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
29 Exercse 13.3 A certan transstor operated wth forward bas of the base-emtter juncton and reerse bas of the base-collector juncton has 9.5 ma and E 10 ma. Fnd the alue of, α and β. α β E E 0.5mA 9.5mA mA 19 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
30 ommon-emtter haracterstcs E f E > E E E < 0 reerse bas ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
31 ommon-emtter Input haracterstcs E (1 α) I ES exp 1 VT ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
32 ommon-emtter Output haracterstcs β for β 100 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
33 Amplfcaton by the JT A small change n E results n a large change n f the base emtter s forward based. Proded E s more than a few tenth s of a olt, ths change n results n a larger change n snce β. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
34 ommon-emtter Amplfer ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
35 Load-Lne Analyss of a ommon Emtter Amplfer (Input rcut) ( t) R ( t) ( t) V + + n E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
36 Load-Lne Analyss of a ommon Emtter Amplfer (Output rcut) V R + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
37 Inertng Amplfer As n (t) goes poste, the load lne moes upward and to the rght, and the alue of ncreases. Ths causes the operatng pont on the output to moe upwards, decreasng E An ncrease n n (t) results n a much larger decrease n E so that the common emtter amplfer s an nertng amplfer ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
38 Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V Q 25 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ V 40μA 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E
39 Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V max 35 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n E 0.4 E E 2 2V 50μA 40kΩ
40 Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V mn 15 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) n n 40kΩ + E 0.4 E 0.4 E V 40kΩ 30μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
41 Load-Lne Analyss of JT Q 25 μa mn 15 μa max 35 μa V EQ 5V EQ 2.5 ma V EQ 5V V Emn 3V V Emax 7V 10 2k Ω + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
42 Load-Lne Analyss of JT Voltage waeforms for the common emtter amplfer. The gan s -5 (nertng). ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
43 lppng When becomes zero, we say that the transstor s cutoff. When E 0.2 V, we say that the transstor s n saturaton. Amplfcaton occurs n the acte regon. lppng occurs n the saturaton or cutoff regons. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
44 lppng ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
45 Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ Q 25μA V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ V 40μA 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E
46 Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ 45 μa max V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n E 0.8 E E V 60μA 40kΩ
47 Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ 5 μa mn V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n + E 0.8 E 0.8 E V 20μA 40kΩ
48 Exercse 13.5 Q 25μA V E Q 5V Q 2.5mA mn max 5μA 45μA V V E E max mn 9V 1V mn max 0.5mA 4.5mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
49 Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) V Q 15μA 1. 2V V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ V 40kΩ 30μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E
50 Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) 35 μa V max 1. 2V V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n E 0.8 E E 2 2V 50μA 40kΩ
51 Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) 1 μa V mn 1. 2V V E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) n n 40kΩ + E 0.8 E 0.8 E V 40kΩ 10μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
52 Exercse 13.6 Q 15μA V E Q 7V Q 1.5mA mn max 1μA 35μA V V E E max mn 9.8V 3V mn max 1.0mA 3.5mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
53 PNP polar Juncton Transstor Except for reersal of current drectons and oltage polartes, the pnp JT s almost dentcal to the npn JT. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
54 PNP polar Juncton Transstor E α β E (1 α) + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
55 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. ommon-emtter haracterstcs for a PNP JT 1 exp ) (1 1 exp T E ES T E ES E V I V I α
56 Exercse 13.7 Fnd β: For V β E 6V, 2.5mA 50μA mA 50μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
57 Exercse 13.8 ommon emtter amplfer n E 0 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
58 Exercse n E 0 n n n n n n E E E E E E μA μA 125μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
59 Exercse 13.8 Q max mn μ μ μ A A A ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
60 Exercse 13.8 ommon emtter amplfer 9 E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. + E
61 Exercse 13.8 Load lne: E E 9 E mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.
62 Exercse 13.8 max n Q 48μA 5μA 24μA 5.3V ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. V E V V max E E mn Q 1.8V 8.3V
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