Dark matter and collider signatures from extra dimensions
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1 KAIST TF, A. Menon, Z. Sullivan, PRD 86 (2012) L. Edelhäuser, TF, M. Krämer, JHEP 1308 (2013) 091 TF, KC Kong, SC Park, JHEP 1305 (2013) 111, arxiv:1309.xxxx COSMO 2013, Cambridge
2 Outline Universal Extra Dimensions (UED) Review of minimal UED Non-minimal UED why? and how? Constraints from pp W t b at the LHC
3 UED: The basic setup Minimal UED Non-minimal UED UED models are models with flat, compact extra dimensions in which all fields propagate. 5D and 6D: [Appelquist, Cheng, Dobrescu,(2001)] see [Dobrescu, Ponton (2004/05), Cacciapaglia et al., Oda et al. (2010)] for further 6D compactifications. The Standard Model (SM) particles are identified with the lowest-lying modes of the respective Kaluza-Klein (KK) towers. Here, we focus on one extra dimension. Compactification on S 1 /Z 2 ; x 5 y [ πr/2, πr/2] [ L, L] allows for chiral zero mode fermions allows for gauge field zero modes without additional scalars The presence of orbifold fixed points breaks 5D translational invariance. KK-number conservation is violated, but a discrete Z 2 parity (KK-parity) remains. The lightest KK-mode (LKP) is stable.
4 The (M)UED spectrum Minimal UED Non-minimal UED The UED mass spectrum at the 1 st KK-mode (R 1 = 500 GeV, ΛR = 20). UED tree-level spectrum minimal UED spectrum at 1-loop [Cheng, Matchev, Schmaltz, PRD 66 (2002) , hep-ph/ ]
5 (M)UED pheno review Minimal UED Non-minimal UED Some phenomenological constraints on the compactification scale R 1 Lower bounds: FCNCs [Buras, Weiler et al. (2003); Weiler, Haisch (2007)] R GeV at 95% cl. Electroweak Precision Constraints [Appelquist, Yee (2002); Gogoladze, Macesanu (2006); Gfitter (2012)] R GeV for m H = 126 GeV Modification of Higgs production and h γγ [Belanger et al. (2012), Kakuda et al. (2013), TF, KC Kong, SC Park (2013)]: R GeV No detection of KK-modes at LHC, yet [Edelhäuser,TF,Krämer (2013)] R GeV at 95% cl. Upper bound: preventing over-closure of the universe by B (1) dark matter R 1 1.5TeV [Belanger et al. (2010)]
6 Minimal UED Non-minimal UED Relevance of the detailed mass spectrum!h a0) " (1) annihilation (tree; w/o FS level 2) a1) " (1) annihilation (1!loop; w/o FS level 2) b0) Coannihilation (tree; w/o FS level 2) b1) Coannihilation (1!loop; w/o FS level 2) c0) Coannihilation (tree; w/ FS level 2) c1) Coannihilation (1!loop; w/ FS level 2) a b0 a0 b1 c0 WMAP 0.1 c m h = 120 GeV, #R = R!1 (GeV) [Cheng, Matchev, Schmaltz, PRD66 (2002) ] The KK mass spectrum determines decay channels, decay rates, branching ratios and final state jet/lepton energies and MET at LHC. [Belanger, Kakizaki, Pukhov, JCAP 1102 (2011) 009] The DM relic density is highly sensitive to mass splittings at the first and between the first and second KK level.
7 Why non-minimal UED? Minimal UED Non-minimal UED UED is a 5D model non-renormalizable. It should be considered as an effective field theory with a cutoff Λ. Naive dimensional analysis (NDA) result: Λ 50/R. A light Higgs and vacuum stability imply even Λ 6/R. [Ohlsson et al. (2011)] If higher-dimensional operators and a Higgs brane mass are not included. Assumption in MUED: all higher-dimensional operators vanish at Λ. Effective field theory include all operators allowed by symmetries: 1. bulk mass terms for fermions (dim = dim(l)) split UED (sued), 2. kinetic and mass terms at the orbifold fixed points, (dim = dim(l) + 1; radiatively induced in MUED) non-minimal UED (nued), 3. bulk or boundary localized interactions (dim > dim(l) + 1). Operator classes 1 and 2 modify the free field equations and thereby alter the KK decomposition altered mass spectrum and modified KK wave functions.
8 Mass modifying operators Minimal UED Non-minimal UED In sued, a KK-parity conserving fermion bulk mass term is introduced: [Park, Shu (2009); Csaki et al. (2001)] S d 5 x µθ(y)ψψ. In nued one includes the boundary kinetic action ( S bd = d 5 x r B B µνb µν r W WµνW a a,µν r G GµνG A A,µν 4ĝ1 2 4ĝ2 2 4ĝ3 2 M S 1 /Z 2 ) [ ( +r h Ψ h /DΨ h + r H (D µh) D µ H δ y πr 2 where h = R, L represents the chirality. ) ( + δ y + πr 2 )],
9 Masses UED review Minimal UED Non-minimal UED Masses of the first and second KK-mode for different µ (m n vs. r/l) Masses of the first and second KK-mode (r/l vs. µl for R 1 = 500 GeV)
10 Couplings Minimal UED Non-minimal UED Coupling g (1) f (1) f (0) (normalized w.r.t. g (0) f (0) f (0) coupling) Coupling g (2) f (0) f (0) (normalized w.r.t. g (0) f (0) f (0) coupling)
11 Constraints for uniform boundary and mass parameters [TF, Kong, Park, JHEP 1308, 091] As a first simplified setup, we choose all boundary parameters equal (r) and all bulk fermion masses equal (µ). 3 model parameters: R 1, r, µ. 1. This choice is flavor-blind no strong effects on FCNC bounds. 2. DM relic density calculation gets modified, as co-annihilation and resonant 2nd KK-mode annihilation is altered. 3. Oblique electroweak precision bounds are altered (they mainly depend on top and Higgs KK-modes). 4. We obtain bounds from four-fermion operators (induced by 2nd KK-mode exchange). 5. 2nd KK-modes can be single-produced constraints from LHC searches.
12 Constraints for uniform boundary and mass parameters [TF, Kong, Park, JHEP 1308, 091] Bounds from resonance searches at the LHC, EW tests, and relic abundance of KK photon red: contours of R 1, that are consistent with Ωh 2 = yellow: parameter space excluded based on the CMS dilepton search CMS-PAS-EXO green: parameter space excluded based on S, T, U parameter fit Gfitter (2012)
13 Constraints from pp W (2) t b [TF, Menon, Sullivan, PRD 86 (2012) ] The KK-number violating couplings in nued and sued imply W, Z, g,... - like signatures from the s-channel resonances of W (2), Z (2), γ (2), G (2) at LHC. Here, we first focus on pp W t b. Note: Initial and final state are hadronic. This analysis focusses on masses and BLKTs in the quark and gauge sector. tb) [pb] R σ(pp W' CMS Preliminary 5.0 fb at s = 7 TeV Boos et. al., PLB 655 (2007) % C.L. observed 95% C.L. expected ±1σ expected ±2σ expected g200 g BDT Analysis e/µ+jets N 1 b tags W' R Mass [GeV] CMS bounds on pp W t b CMS bounds on pp W t b, 5fb s = 7 TeV [CMS PAS EXO ] converted into a bound on g /g W
14 Constraints from pp W (2) t b [TF, Menon, Sullivan, PRD 86 (2012) ] r f L r f L rw L Bounds in the r f L vs. rw L plane Bounds in the r f L vs. rw L plane for m W (2) = (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5) TeV for m LKP = (0.4, 0.5, 0.6,.7) TeV (for BR QQ = 3/4) (for BR QQ = 3/4) rw L
15 [TF, KC Kong, SC Park, arxiv:1309.xxxx] The previous LHC studies depended on producing 2nd KK-modes at LHC. If the main deviations from standard UED lie in the 3rd family quark sector (or just the top sector), this does not apply. Study bounds with common BLKT (r) and deviating r t and µ t for the 3 rd family. Main BSM effects arise through loops with top partners: Electroweak precision tests, Higgs production in gg fusion, h γγ decays.
16 [TF, KC Kong, SC Park, arxiv:1309.xxxx] Bounds from LHC Higgs searches experimental data: global fit on Higgs production and decays by v. Gersdorff et al., JHEP 1307, 065 Contours show the lower bound on R 1 for the respective parameter point (µ t L, r t /L). Yellow: parameter space excluded because of a charged LKP (dark matter candidate).
17 and Outlook Modifications of the KK mass spectrum can occur due to boundary localized kinetic terms or fermion bulk mass terms. In both cases, the KK wave functions are altered, which implies interactions of Standard Model fermions with all even KK-modes of the gauge bosons. Combination of DM vs. electroweak, Higgs, and W, Z, γ, g,... LHC constraints puts substantial bounds on bulk masses while still allowing for sizable boundary kinetic terms. The presented results are only a first step, covering a) uniform boundary and mass terms, and b) the least constraint setup with deviations from a uniform boundary parameter residing only in the 3rd family sector. There is lots of work to do in terms of precision and more systematic studies of the general parameter space.
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KAIST TF, C. Pasold, PRD85 (2012) 126007 TF, A. Menon, Z. Sullivan, arxiv:1207.4472 TF, KC Kong, SC Park, arxiv:1210.xxxx KIAS-SNU Workshop on Particle Physics and Cosmology Outline UED Review Modifying
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