Zdenek PREVOROVSKY Jana HRADILOVA

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1 11 th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing Public Security and Safety and Noninvasive Methods in Medicine and Biology Daniel TOKAR Zdenek PREVOROVSKY Jana HRADILOVA Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Dolejskova 1402/5 Prague, Czech Republic

2 Outline What is this presentation about 1. Introduction to mechanical behaviour of the human skin 2. Motivation for the research and background 3. Measuring method description multi-directional flexible circular probe measuring system: composition, calibration 4. Results human skin in-vivo carbon-fabric fiber composite 5. Conclusion 6. Perspective and future work 2/16

3 Introduction Human skin mechanical behaviour Human skin anatomical structure: epidermis dermis elastin and collagen fibres hypodermis fatty tissue Human skin mechanical properties: nonlinear stress-strain diagram viscoelasticity, mechanical hysteresis anisotropy Langer s lines 3/16

4 Introduction Motivation for the research and background Biological aspects of the skin are well known, mechanical behaviour is not yet fully investigated Skin mechanical properties are affected by environmental and other conditions: age, temperature, humidity, UV radiation, etc. Measurement of human skin anisotropy development of fast and easy to use method for local anisotropy investigation in-vivo contribution to knowledge of global skin properties plastic surgery implants localization 4/16

5 Methods System for local anisotropy evaluation Multi-directional flexible circular ultrasonic probe 10 1 log Impedance Z (k ) f s = 280 khz f p = 320 khz Amplitude (V) - AWG output ,3 s khz Frequency (khz) Time ( s) 5/16

6 Methods System for local anisotropy evaluation Measuring system: AWG, high-speed digitizer, PXIe TESTED MATERIAL Tx LabVIEW & MATLAB Control & Processing Rx MULTI-DIRECTIONAL ULTRASONIC PROBE PXIe BUS POWER AMPLIFIER NI PXIe 8-ch PXIe DIGITIZER PXIe PULSE GENERATOR 6/16

7 Methods System for local anisotropy evaluation Measuring system: NI PXIe, power amplifier, visualization 7/16

8 Methods System for local anisotropy evaluation Measuring system: LabVIEW controlling application 8/16

9 Methods System for local anisotropy evaluation System calibration on isotropic polymethylmethacrylate sample Probe orientation in x axis Probe orientation in y axis signal averaging threshold-value detection Amplitude (mv) Time ( s) arrival-time 9/16

10 Results Forearm skin anisotropy measurement Measurement of the forearm skin in longitudinal axis orientation relative anisotropy: Ar = c max c min c 100 (%) 10/16

11 Results Forearm skin anisotropy measurement Volunteer: man, 27 years, skin thickness 1.9 mm Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average relative anisotropy 13.6 % relative anisotropy 15.0 % 11/16

12 Results Forearm skin anisotropy measurement Volunteer: woman, 23 years, skin thickness 1.3 mm Meas. a Meas. b Average Meas. a Meas. b Average relative anisotropy 15.1 % relative anisotropy 21.3 % 12/16

13 Results Forearm skin anisotropy measurement Volunteer: man, 69 years, skin thickness 2.4 mm Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average relative anisotropy 14.7 % relative anisotropy 9.1 % 13/16

14 Results Carbon-fabric fiber composite measurement Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average relative anisotropy 17.8 % Meas. a Meas. b Meas. c Average relative anisotropy 17.1 % 14/16

15 Summary Conclusion and future work New measurement method for local anisotropy evaluation of various biological and industrial materials; tested on human skin in-vivo, carbon-fabric composite, and polymethylmethacrylate Anisotropy diagrams for the forearm skin corresponds with Langer s line orientation but embody individual differences useful in plastic surgery Sufficiently accurate results: calculated variation coefficients < 1 % Future work: Study of anisotropy changes caused by environmental effects, e.g. humidity, and under mechanical loading Such investigation should help to comprehend complex mechanical behaviour of the human skin 15/16

16 11 th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing Public Security and Safety and Noninvasive Methods in Medicine and Biology Daniel TOKAR Zdenek PREVOROVSKY Jana HRADILOVA

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