Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 322 Mechanical Engineering Thermodynamics. Ideal Gas Mixtures. Lecture 31

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1 Departet of echacal Egeerg E 322 echacal Egeerg Therodyacs Ideal Gas xtures Lecture 31

2 xtures Egeerg Applcatos atural gas ethae, ethae, propae, butae, troge, hydroge, carbo doxde, ad others Refrgerats Zeotropes - True xture behavor Exaple: R407c - R32/125/134a (23/25/52 by ass) Azeotropes - xtures that behave as a pure flud Exaple: R507A - R125/143a (50/50 by ass) Ar ad ater vapor Psychroetrc aalyss Ar codtog applcatos 2

3 P [psa] P [psa] Pure Flud vs. xture Behavor 10 3 R R407C 150 F 200 F 150 F 100 F 100 F 200 F F F 0 F 0 F -50 F h [Btu/lb] R22: a pure flud; a halogeated ethae olecule (chlorodflouroethae) -50 F x h [Btu/lb] R407C: a xture of R32, R125, ad R134a 3

4 Therodyac Propertes of xtures Real xture behavor Real xture odel Very coplex to descrbe aalytcally Topc for a advaced course EES ca calculate real-propertes of coo xtures! Lo-pressure, oderate desty Ideal soluto odel Gases are treated as real fluds th dealzed xg Topc for a advaced course Lo-pressure, lo desty Ideal gas xg odel Gases are treated as deal gases th dealzed xg E 322!! 4

5 Ideal Gas xture odels Eve though the deal gas xg odel s splfed, t turs out to be farly accurate for to portat processes that echacal egeers deal th... Ar Codtog Water vapor + ar xtures Codtos are sutable for deal gas property estato eve for ater vapor! Cobusto Aalyss Products of cobusto are ofte at hgh teperatures ad lo pressure The rest of E 322 deals th these to processes 5

6 A Exaple Gas Turbes Ar to the cobusto chaber Products of cobusto leavg the cobusto chaber Cobusto products ca cota CO 2, H 2 O, O 2, 2, CO, O 2, ad others! I order to get a better estate of the perforace of the gas turbe, e eed to be able to detere the propertes of the xture passg through the turbe 6

7 Propertes of Ideal Gas xtures Cosder ay property, B (extesve) or b (tesve). For a xture, ass Bass* olar Bass B B b 1 1 b B b b 1 1 ass fracto *Other coo ords: eght bass or gravetrc bass B B b 1 1 b B b y b 1 1 y ole fracto** **ote: The text uses c for ole fractos 7

8 ass/ole Fracto Coverso 8 I soe staces, a coverso betee ass fracto ad ole fracto s eeded. The ass of a substace s related to the uber of oles through the olecular ass,, Cosderg the ass fracto, y y

9 ass/ole Fracto Coverso 9 A slar aalyss for the ole fracto reveals, y Suary of fdgs... y y / / y 1 1 / /

10 Exaple Gve: A xture of deal gases has the follog olar coposto; Argo (y Ar = 0.20), helu (y He = 0.54), ad the balace s carbo ooxde. Fd: (a) ole fracto of carbo ooxde (b) the olecular ass of the xture (c) the gravetrc (ass) coposto of the xture ote: The olecular ass of the xture ca be foud by, 1 1 y 10

11 Exaple The ole fractos of the argo ad helu are gve. Therefore, the ole fracto of carbo ooxde ca be foud, y y y y Ar He CO 1 1 y 1 y 1 y y CO Ar He o, the olecular ass of the xture ca be foud, y y y y Ar Ar He He CO CO lb lb lb lb lbol lbol lbol lbol Table C.13a Table C.13a Table C.13a 11

12 Exaple The ass fracto coposto of the xture ca be foud by, Therefore, Ar lb y y lbol Table C.13a lb lbol He y lbol Table C.13a lb lbol lb CO lb lbol Table C.13a lb lbol 12

13 Exaple Coparso of ole fractos ad ass fractos for ths xture... Copoet y Ar He CO It s alays a good dea to chec f the calculated fractos su up to oe! 13

14 Ideal Gas xture Propertes We have prevously see that, b b or b y b Cosder the teral eergy ad ethalpy of a deal gas xture. The copoets of the xture exst at the sae teperature as the xture. Therefore, accordg to the expressos above, or u T u T u y u T T T or h T h T h y h T T T 14

15 Aother Exaple Gve: A xture of deal gases s cotaed a closed, rgd cotaer that has a volue of 2 ft 3. The xture s a equolar bary xture of ethae ad ethae. The xture s tally at 15 psa, 20 F. Heat s o trasferred to the xture pressure ad teperature becoe 60 psa, 300 F. T T 20F P 15 psa 300F P 60 psa V 3 2 ft Q 12 Fd: The aout of heat trasferred ths process. 15

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