Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 1
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1 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 1 This print-out should have 25 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Hewitt CP9 02 E points A ball rolls across the top of a billiard table and slowly comes to a stop. How would Aristotle interpret this observation? How would Galileo interpret it? 1. They both would say that it comes to rest because of some forces acting on it; likely friction between the ball and table surface and with the air. 2. They both would say that the ball comes to rest because the ball seeks its natural state of rest. 3. Galileo would say that the ball comes to rest because the ball seeks its natural state of rest. Aristotle would likely have said it comestorest becauseofsomeforcesactingon it; likely friction between the ball and table surface and with the air. 4. All are wrong. 5.Aristotlewouldsay thattheballcomesto rest because the ball seeks its natural state of rest. Galileowouldlikelyhavesaiditcomesto rest because of some forces acting on it; likely friction between the ball and table surface and with the air. correct In Aristotle s view, every object in the universe has a proper place; any object not in its proper place will strive to get there; so Aristotlewouldsaythattheballcomestorest because the ball seeks its natural state of rest. In Galileo s view, a moving object will keep moving in a straight line forever unless there isaninterference withit; sogalileowouldsay that the ball comes to rest because of some forces acting on it; likely friction between the ball and table surface and with the air. Hewitt CP9 02 E points What Aristotelian idea did Galileo discredit in his fabled Leaning Tower demonstration? 1. All are wrong. 2. He discredited Aristotle s idea that the rateat whichbodiesfallisnot relatedtotheir weight. 3. He discredited Aristotle s idea that the rate at which bodies fall is inversely proportional to their weight. 4. He discredited Aristotle s idea of gravitation. 5. He discredited Aristotle s idea that the rate at which bodies fall is directly proportional to their weight. correct Galileo is said to have dropped objects of various weights from the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and compared their falls. Contrary to Aristotle s assertion that the rate at which bodies fall is directly proportional to their weight, Galileo found that a stone twice as heavy as another did not fall twice as fast. Hewitt CP9 02 E points Aspaceprobeiscarriedbyarocketintoouter space where it continues to move on its own in a straight line. What keeps the probe moving? 1. None of these 2. The gravitation forces from different stars and planets 3. a propeller 4. Nothing; the probe will eventually stop. 5. Nothing specific; in the absence of forces it would continue moving in a straight line. correct
2 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 2 According to the law of inertia, every object remains at rest, or remains in motion with constant velocity in a straight line unless external forces act on it; so inertia keeps the probe moving in outer space. Hewitt CP9 02 E points Consider a ball at rest in the middle of a toy wagon. When the wagon is pulled forward, what is the motion of the ball? 1. From a point of view outside the wagon, theballstaysinplaceasthebackofthewagon moves toward it; because of friction, the ball may roll along the cart surface. correct 2. All are wrong. 3.Theballwillstaywhereitwas;thesurface would slide beneath the ball. 4. The ball will move faster than the wagon. 5. The ball will stay at rest on the wagon. Because of friction, the ball may roll along the cart surface. From a viewpoint outside the wagon, the ball stays in place as the back of the wagon moves forward toward the ball. Hewitt CP9 02 E points Can an object be in mechanical equilibrium when only a single force acts on it? Explain. 1. Yes; asingle force isnecessary tokeep the object in mechanical equilibrium. 2.Yes;theobjectwillactbackwithanequal and opposite force. 3. No; even one force is too much. There should be no forces acting on an object. 4. None of these 5. No; at least one other force is needed to cancel the action of the first force. correct The sum of the forces acting on an object in equilibrium has to equal zero. Since only a single force acts on the object, it cannot be in equilibrium. Hewitt CP9 02 E points A hockey puck slides across the ice at a constant speed. Which of the following is true? 1. It is in equilibrium. correct 2. None of these 3. The puck is at rest. 4. The puck can be considered neither at rest nor in equilibrium. 5. The puck is moving and thus not in equilibrium. If the puck moves in a straight line with unchanging speed, the forces of friction are negligible. Then the net force is zero, and the puck can be considered to be in equilibrium. Hewitt CP9 02 E points A staging that weighs W staging supports a painter weighing 490 N. The reading on the leftscaleis360nandthereadingontheright scale is 210 N. 360 N 210 N What is the weight of the staging? Correct answer: 80 N.
3 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) N 210 N In the left figure, Harry is supported by two strands of rope that share his weight, so each strand supports only 365 N, below the breaking point. Total upward force supplied by the ropes equals weight acting downward, giving a net force of zero and no acceleration. 490 N W staging From the equilibrium rule, Fi = F l +F r W staging W man = 0, so W staging = +F l +F r W man = (360 N)+(210 N) (490 N) = 80 N. Hewitt CP9 02 E (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Harry the painter swings year after year from his bosun s chair. His weight is 730 N andtherope, unknowntohim,hasabreaking point of 415 N. 009 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points One day Harry is painting near a flagpole, and, for a change, he ties the free end of the rope to the flagpole instead of to his chair as shown at the right. Why did Harry end up taking his vacation early? To answer this, find the tension in the rope. Correct answer: 730 N. In the right figure, Harry is now supported by one strand, requiring the tension to be 730 N. Since this is above the breaking point of the rope, it breaks. Hewitt CP9 02 E points When you pull horizontally on a crate with a force of 260 N, it slides across the floor in dynamic equilibrium. How much friction acts on the crate? Correct answer: 260 N. Friction on the cart has to be 260 N, opposite to your 260 N pull. Why doesn t the rope break when he is supported as shown at the left above? To answer this, find the tension in the rope. Correct answer: 365 N. Hewitt CP9 02 E points A child learns in school that the Earth is traveling faster than 100,000 kilometers per hour around the sun, and in a frightened tone asks why we aren t swept off. What statement about the motion of the Earth is, on average, true? 1. All are wrong. 2. We are traveling faster than the Earth.
4 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 4 3. We are traveling just as fast as the Earth. correct 4. We are traveling slower than the Earth. 5. The Earth rotates on its own axis. We aren t swept off because we are traveling just as fast as the Earth, just as in a fast moving vehicle we move along with the vehicle. Also, there is no atmosphere through which the Earth moves, which would do more than blow our hats off! Hewitt CP9 02 E points The chimney of a stationary toy train consists of a vertical spring gun that shoots steel balls a meter or so straight into the air so straight that the ball always falls back into the chimney. If the train is moving, under which condition will the ball fall back into the chimney? 1. The train suddenly increases its speed when the ball is in the air. 2. All are wrong. 3. The train moves at a constant speed on a circular track. 4. The train suddenly decreases its speed when the ball is in the air. 5. The train moves at constant speed along the straight track. correct If the toy train continues to move in a straight line with constant velocity, the steel ball will fall back into the chimney. Hewitt CP9 03 E points What is the impact speed when a car moving at 200 km/h bumps into the rear of another car traveling in the same direction at 87 km/h? Correct answer: 113 km/h. Let : v 1 = 87 km/h and v 2 = 200 km/h. The impact speed will be the relative speed v rel = v 2 v 1 = 113 km/h. Hewitt CP9 03 E points You are stopped for speeding. Which of the following is your traffic fine based on? 1. instantaneous speed correct 2. linear speed 3. circle speed 4. average speed 5. None of these Your fine for speeding is based on your instantaneous speed; the speed registered on a speedometer or a radar gun. Hewitt CP9 03 E points Light travels in a straight line at a constant speed of 300,000 m/s. What is the acceleration of light? 1. All are wrong ,000 m/s m/s m/s m/s 2 correct
5 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 5 Constant velocity means no acceleration, so the acceleration of light is zero. Hewitt CP9 03 E points Can an object reverse its direction of travel while maintaining a constant acceleration? 1. No; if the acceleration is constant, the direction of the speed remains unchanged. 2. All are wrong. 3. Yes; a ball thrown toward a wall bounces back from the wall. 4. Yes; a ball tossed upward reverses its direction of travel at its highest point. correct 5. No; the direction of the speed is always the same as the direction of the acceleration. Velocity and acceleration need not be in the same direction. When a ball is tossed upward it experiences a constant acceleration directed downward. Hewitt CP9 03 E points A dragster maintains a speedometer reading of 100 km/h as it passes around a curve that has a constant radius. 2. The dragster rounds the curve with a changing velocity that has a changing magnitude. 3. The dragster rounds the curve with a constant velocity that has a magnitude of 100 km/h. 4. All are wrong. 5. The dragster rounds the curve with a changing velocity that has a magnitude of 100 km/h. correct The direction of the velocity is changing as the car rounds the curve, but the driver maintains a constant speed or magnitude of the velocity of 100 km/h. Hewitt CP9 03 E points Suppose that three balls are rolled simultaneously from the topof a hill along the slopes as shown below Which one reaches the bottom first? 1. 1 and correct 3. 2 and and 2 6. They reach the bottom at the same time. Which statement is true? 1. The dragster rounds the curve with a changing speed that has a magnitude of 100 km/h The ball on the left gains speed quickly at the beginning, where the slope is steeper, so
6 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) 6 itsaveragespeed isgreater even thoughithas less acceleration in the last part of its trip. Hewitt CP9 03 E points Which of the following is correct? 1. Air resistance is as effective in slowing a feather as a coin. 2. Air resistance is more effective in slowing a feather than a coin. correct 3. Air resistance is less effective in slowing a feather than a coin. 4. In free fall, air resistance is more effective in slowing a feather than a coin. 5. All are wrong. A feather has a very large surface area, so air resistance is more effective in slowing a feather than a coin. Hewitt CP9 03 E points If you drop an object, its acceleration toward the ground is 10 m/s 2. If you throw it down instead, what is its acceleration? 1. Smaller than 10 m/s 2 2. It depends on the force of throwing. 3. Greater than 10 m/s m/s 2 correct 5. All are wrong. If air resistance is not a factor, its acceleration is the same (10 m/s 2 ) regardless of its initial velocity. Thrown downward, its velocity will be greater at all positions, but not its acceleration. Hewitt CP9 03 P points What is the acceleration of a vehicle that changes its velocity from 200 km/h to a dead stop in 30 s? Correct answer: m/s 2. Let : v 0 = 200 km/h, v f = 0km/h, and t = 30 s. The acceleration is a = v t = v f v 0 t km/h = 30 s 1 min 60 s = m/s m 1km 1 h 60 min Hewitt CP9 03 P (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A ball is thrown straight up with an initial speed of 60 m/s. How high does it go? Assume the acceleration of gravity is 10 m/s 2. Correct answer: 180 m. Let : v = 60 m/s and g = 10 m/s 2. Using one of the kinematic equations, v 2 = v gh Since the ball is stopped at the top of its path, v = 0, so we therefore have, h = v2 2g ( (60 m/s) 2 ) = 2( 10 m/s 2 ) = 180 m
7 Version 001 HW 03 TJC Hewitt Conceptual Fundamantals sizemore (Phys fall-tjc-jts) (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points How long is it in the air? Correct answer: 12 s. Using the fact that the ball starts and ends at h = 0, the kinematic equation for y gives us t 2 = 656 km 1000 m = s, 738 m/s km so the total time is s. v = total distance total time = m/s. = 2(656 km) s 1000 m km y = 1 2 gt2 +v 0 t 0 = 1 2 gt2 +v 0 t ( = t 1 ) 2 gt+v 0 The only way that this can be zero is if one of the two factors is zero. Since t = 0 corresponds to the ball initially leaving the ground, we therefore have 0 = 1 2 gt+v 0. Therefore, t = 2v 0 g 2(60 m/s) = 10 m/s 2 = 12 s Hewitt CP9 03 P points A reconnaissance plane flies 656 km away from its base at 492 m/s, then flies back to its base at 738 m/s. What is its average speed? Hewitt CP9 03 P points If there were no air resistance, with what speed would drops hit the Earth if they fell from a cloud 3122 m above the Earth s surface? The acceleration of gravity is 10 m/s 2. Correct answer: m/s. Drops would be in free fall and accelerate at 10 m/s 2. We need to find the time of fall: d = 1 2 gt2 t = 2d g = = s. The gain in speed is 2(3122 m) 10 m/s 2 gt = (10 m/s 2 )( s) = m/s. Correct answer: m/s. Let : s = 656 km, v 1 = 492 m/s, and v 2 = 738 m/s. t 1 = 656 km 1000 m 492 m/s km = s and
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