On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination.

Transcription

1 Instructor(s): F.E. Dunnam PHYSICS DEPARTMENT PHY nd Exam 08 July 2008 Name (print, last first): Signature: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination. YOUR TEST NUMBER IS THE 5-DIGIT NUMBER AT THE TOP OF EACH PAGE. (1) Code your test number on your answer sheet (use for the 5-digit number). Code your name on your answer sheet. DARKEN CIRCLES COMPLETELY. Code your UFID number on your answer sheet. (2) Print your name on this sheet and sign it also. (3) Do all scratch work anywhere on this exam that you like. Circle your answers on the test form. At the end of the test, this exam printout is to be turned in. No credit will be given without both answer sheet and printout. (4) Blacken the circle of your intended answer completely, using a #2 pencil or blue or black ink. Do not make any stray marks or some answers may be counted as incorrect. (5) The answers are rounded off. Choose the closest to exact. There is no penalty for guessing. If you believe that no correct answer is listed, leave this item blank!! (6) Hand in the answer sheet separately. Useful (??) Constants: µ 0 = 4π 10 7 Tm/A ɛ 0 = C 2 /(Nm 2 ) electron charge = C electron mass = kg V=volt N=newton J=joule m=meter W=watt µ = micro- = 10 6 A = ampere pico = n = nano = 10 9 m = milli = 10 3 proton mass = kg c = m/s 1. Immediately after switch S in the circuit shown is closed, the current through the battery shown is: (1) V o /(R 1 + R 2 ) (2) V o /R 1 (3) V o /R 2 (4) 0 (5) V o (R 1 + R 2 )/(R 1 R 2 ) SOLUTION: At the instant of circuit-closure, L s back emf allows no current to pass through it, so I = V o /(R 1 +R 2 ) 2. For the above circuit, a long time after the switch is closed, the current through the inductor will be approximately (1) V o /R 1 (2) V o /(R 1 + R 2 ) (3) V o /R 2 (4) 0 (5) V o (R 1 + R 2 )/(R 1 R 2 ) SOLUTION: After a long time, L s back emf is zero, so V R1 = 0 and thus I = V o /R 1 3. When switch S is open, the ammeter in the circuit shown reads 2.0 A. When S is closed, the ammeter reading will: (1) increase slightly (2) remain the same (3) decrease slightly (4) double (5) halve SOLUTION: Closing S provides another conducting path, reducing the total R slightly, so A increases slightly

2 4. In the circuit shown, the capacitor is initially uncharged and V = 9.0 volts. At time t = 0, switch S is closed. If τ denotes the time constant, the approximate current through the 3Ω resistor when t = τ/100 is: (1) 1 A (2) 1/2 A (3) 3/4 A (4) 3/8 A (5) 3/2 A SOLUTION: I = E/R[1 e ( t/rc)]. The time constant = 1/RC. If 1/RC = 1/100, then we have I = 9v/9Ω[1 e ( 100)] = 1A[1 0] = 1A 5. An electron is moving southward in a region where the magnetic field is directed northward. The magnetic force exerted on the electron is: (1) zero (2) up (3) down (4) east (5) west SOLUTION: If v is parallel to B, the force is zero! 6. A beam of electrons is sent horizontally down the axis of a tube to strike a fluorescent screen at the end of the tube. On the way, the electrons encounter a magnetic field directed vertically downward. The spot on the screen will therefore be deflected: (1) to the right as seen from the electron source (2) upward (3) downward (4) to the left as seen from the electron source (5) not at all SOLUTION: By the right-hand-rule, the beam is deflected to the right 7. The figure shows the motion of electrons in a wire which is near the N pole of a magnet. The wire will be pushed: (1) upwards (2) toward the magnet (3) away from the magnet (4) downwards (5) along its length SOLUTION: Right-hand-rule: wire is pushed upward 8. A square loop of wire lies in the plane of the page and carries a current I as shown. There is a uniform magnetic field B parallel to the side MK as indicated. The loop will tend to rotate: (1) about PQ with KL coming out of the page (2) about PQ with KL going into the page (3) about RS with MK coming out of the page (4) about RS with MK going into the page (5) about an axis perpendicular to the page SOLUTION: Right-hand-rule: force on segment KL is up, on NM is down, so it rotates about PQ with KL moving upward

3 9. The magnitude of the magnetic field at point P, at the center of the semicircle shown, is given by: (1) µ 0 i/4r (2) µ 0 i/r 2 (3) µ 0 i/2πr (4) µ 0 i/4πr (5) µ 0 i/2r SOLUTION: This is half of a circular current loop, so I = 1 2 [µ 0i/2R] = µ 0 i/4r 10. Two long straight wires pierce the plane of the paper at vertices of an equilateral triangle as shown below. They each carry 2 A, out of the paper. The magnetic field at the third vertex (P) has magnitude (in T): (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) SOLUTION: Each of the currents produces a field at P equal to B = µ 0 i/2πr, but each of these is perpendicular to its side of the triangle at P. The net field is just the sum of the horizontal components: B = 2µ 0 (2A)/2π( m) cos 30 = T 11. Magnetic field lines inside the solenoid shown are: (1) toward the top of the page (2) clockwise circles as one looks down the axis from the top of the page (3) counterclockwise circles as one looks down the axis from the top of the page (4) toward the bottom of the page (5) in no direction since B = 0 SOLUTION: RHR again, B is upward 12. Four long straight wires carry equal currents into the page as shown. The magnetic force exerted on wire F is: (1) east (2) north (3) south (4) west (5) zero SOLUTION: eastward. The forces are all attractive and vertical components cancel. The net force thus is to the right, or 13. An 8.0-mH inductor and a 2.0-Ω resistor are wired in series to a 20-V ideal battery. A switch in the circuit is closed at time 0, at which time the current is 0. A long time after the switch is thrown the potential differences across the inductor and resistor are: (1) 0, 20 V (2) 20 V, 0 (3) 10 V, 10 V (4) 16 V, 4 V (5) unknown since the rate of change of the current is not given SOLUTION: After a long time, L s current is max, and its resistance is negligible. The only V thus is across R, so V L = 0; V R = 20V 14. An LC circuit has an oscillation frequency of 10 5 Hz. If C = 0.1µF, then L must be about: (1) 25 µh (2) 10 mh (3) 1 mh (4) 2.5 µh (5) 1 ph SOLUTION: f R = 1 2π LC LC = 1 4π 2 f 2 L = 1 4π 2 (10 5 ) F = H

4 15. A long straight wire lies in the plane of a rectangular conducting loop as shown. If the current i in the wire is decreasing, the current in the loop will be (1) clockwise (2) zero (3) counterclockwise (4) clockwise in the left side and counterclockwise in the right side (5) counterclockwise in the left side and clockwise in the right side SOLUTION: B due to current is down into page. By Lenz s law, since it s decreasing, induced emf in loop must reinforce B, so by RHR loop current is clockwise 16. The entire circuit shown is immersed in a uniform magnetic field that is into the page and is decreasing in magnitude at the rate 150 T/s. The current in the circuit (in amperes) is: (1) 0.18 (2) 0.22 (3) 0.40 (4) 0.62 (5) none of these SOLUTION: Without the flux change I = 4V/10Ω = 0.4A, CCW Induced V = dφ/dt = AdB/dt = (0.12m) 2 150T/s = 2.16V ; the induced current is then 2.16V/10Ω = 0.216A. B is decreasing so to reinforce it [Lenz s law] this induced current must be clockwise. The net current is thus 0.4A 0.216A = 0.18A 17. A rod with resistance R lies across frictionless conducting rails in a uniform magnetic field B, as shown. Assume the rails have negligible resistance. The force that must be applied by a person to pull the rod to the right at constant speed v is: (1) B 2 L 2 v/r (2) 0 (3) BLv (4) BLv/R (5) B 2 Lxv/R SOLUTION: The induced voltage = BLv. At constant speed, the ohmic heating V 2 /R = work done/t = Fx/t, = Fv, so F = B 2 L 2 v / R 18. In the circuit segment shown, the current I = 2.0 ma, flowing from A to B, and the potential difference, V A V B is +30V. At this instant, the charge and polarity of the capacitor C will be: (1) 1.5 mc, left plate is positive (2) 1.5 mc, right plate is positive (3) 0.50 mc, left plate is positive (4) 0.50 mc, right plate is positive (5) none of these SOLUTION: V A V B = 30V. Applying the loop rule: 30V + Q/C 40V 10kΩ(2mA) = 0 Q/C = 30V Q = 30V ( F ) = 1.5mC. In traversing the loop we took Q/C as +, = outgoing (left) side is In an ideal 1:8 step-down transformer the primary power is 10 kw and the secondary current is 25 A. The primary voltage must therefore be (1) 3200 (2) 25,600 (3) 400 (4) 50 (5) 6.25 SOLUTION: P in = P out V 1 I 1 = V 2 I 2 and for 8:1 step down, V 1 = 8V 2 So 10 kw = 25 V 2 V 2 = 10, 000 W/25V = 400 V V 1 = 8 (400V) = 3200 V

5 20. Electric utility companies provide alternating current (ac) instead of direct current (dc), primarily because (1) ac voltages may be conveniently transformed (2) ac is less lethal (3) ac minimizes magnetic effects (4) dc-powered incandescent bulbs are dimmer (5) the batteries required for large dc are prohibitively expensive SOLUTION: ac can be conveniently transformed (up or down), making transport of high power more efficient: high voltage lower current less ohmic loss in the lines.