Kolligative Eigenschaften der Makromolekülen
|
|
- Peter Carter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Kolligative Eigenschaften der Makromolekülen
2 Kolligative Eigenschaften (colligere = sammeln) Gefrierpunkterniedrigung, Siedepunkterhöhung, Dampfdruckerniedrigung, Osmotischer Druck Kolligative Eigenschaften von PS in Cyclohexan (c = 0,01 g/g) Molmasse M n [g/mol] Osmotischer Druck bei 34 C [Pa] (cm Lösungssäule) 2,5 x ,5 x (33) (3,3) (0,3) Gefrierpunktserniedrigung [grd] 2 x x x 10-4 Siedepunktserhöhung [grd] 2,7 x ,7 x ,7 x 10-5 Kryoskopie Ebullioskopie geeginet für MM < 10 3 g/mol
3 chemie.uni-hamburg.de Aus der Flory-Huggins Theorie
4 Van t Hoff, Flory-Huggins Zur Bestimmung von M n und A 2 LM < LSG M n,1 < M n,2 A M n,1 2 > 0 M n,2 A 2 < 0 M n,2 ; A 2 > 0
5 Statische Lichtstreuung
6
7
8
9
10 What is Light Scattering? Blue sky, red sunset Automobile headlights in fog Laser beam in a smoky room Reading from an illuminated page Dust particles in beamer light
11 What is Light Scattering? Absolute molar mass measurement by the use different angles.
12 Light and its Properties Light is an oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields Polarization: direction of electric field oscillation Intensity: I E by J. C. Maxwell
13 How does light scatter? When light interacts with matter, it causes charges to polarize. The oscillating charges radiate light. How much the charges move, and hence how much light radiates, depends upon the matter s polarizability.
14 Index of refraction The polarizability of a material is directly related to its index of refraction n. a n 2-1 The index of refraction is a measure of the velocity of light in a material. e.g., speed of light Snell s law For solutes, the polarizability is expressed as the specific refractive index increment, dn/dc.
15 Adding light Incoherent sum Coherent sum Interference:
16 How Light Scattering measures Mw coherent: incoherent: I (E + E) = 4 E total I total E + E = 2 E 2 I scattered dn Mc dc 2
17 Isotropic Scattering For particles much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light ( <10 nm for l = 690 nm), the amount of radiation scattered into each angle is the same in the plane perpendicular to the polarization.
18 Isotropic and anisotropic Scattering small particles D < l/20 isotropic scattering anisotropic scattering large particles D >l/20
19 Rayleigh-Ratio R ( ) Lord John W. S. Rayleigh ( ) Studied scattering of light by particles much smaller than a wavelength, discovered strong dependence of scattering on wavelength (1/l 4 ). R ( I = I ) ( I I 2, Sovent r, Solvent) = A 0 V I0 I The Rayleight-Ratio R is the fraction of light scattered, in excess of the light scattered by the solvent times the square of the distance between the scattering center and the detector divided by the incident intensity and the volume of the cell illuminated by the laser and seen by the detector.
20 Charakterisierungsmethoden Statische Lichtstreuung
21 Charakterisierungsmethoden Statische Lichtstreuung
22 Charakterisierungsmethoden Statische Lichtstreuung
23 Angular dependence of Light Scattering detector at 0 scattered light in phase detector at, scattered light out-of-phase Intermolecular interference leads to a reduction in scattering intensity as the scattering angle increases.
24 Scattering Function P(θ) P( ) form factor or scattering function describes how the scattered light varies with angle. This variation is affected by <r g2 >, the mean square radius. The greater <r g2 >, the larger the angular variation. Note that P(0 ) = 1
25 Molar mass and radius r g < 10 nm isotropic scatterer r g > 10 nm Non isotropic scatterer
26 How Light Scattering measures r g To calculate the angular distribution of scattered light, integrate over phase shifts from extended particle. No dn/dc and no Concentration in formalism. Integrating over extended particle involves integrating over mass distribution.
27 Interpretation of r g hollow sphere: solid sphere: Random coil polymer with average end to end length L:
28 Basic Light Scattering Principles The amount of light scattered is directly proportional to the product of the molar mass and the molecular concentration The amount of light scattered (divided by the incident light intensity) by a solution into a particular direction per unit solid angle in excess of the amount scattered by the pure solvent is directly proportional to the product of the weight-average molar mass and the concentration. R( ), in limit as 0, Mc The variation of scattered light with scattering angle is proportional to the average size of the scattering molecules. The variation of light scattered with respect to sin 2 /2, in the limit as 0, is directly proportional to the average molecular mean square radius. dr( )/dsin 2 /2 <r g2 >
29 What Do We Mean By ABSOLUTE? NO Reference to standards of mass ALL parameters measured directly from 1st principles Refractive indices geometries of cell and detector wavelength concentrations detector response temperature dn/dc NO assumptions of molecular model/conformation There are 4 Absolute Methods 1) Membrane Osmometry (Number Average MM) 2) Light Scattering (Weight Average MM) 3) Sedimentation Equilibrium (Ultracentrifugation) (z-average MM) 4) Mass spectrometry
30 Zimm Equation The Zimm formalism of the Rayleigh-Debye- Gans light scattering model for dilute polymer solutions: K* c 1 = + R( ) M P( ) w 2 2 A c J. Chem. Phys. 16, (1948) This model embodies the two principles and addresses both intermolecular scattering and intramolecular scattering.
31 Zimm Equation K* c 1 = + R( ) M P( ) w K* = 4p 2 (dn/dc) 2 n 0 2 N A -1 l A c n 0 is the refractive index of the solvent N A is Avogadro s number. l 0 is the vacuum wavelength of the incident light. dn/dc is the refractive index increment, which tells how much the refractive index of the solution varies with solute concentration. c is the concentration of the solute molecules (g/ml). R( ) is the fraction of light scattered, in excess of the light scattered by the solvent times the square of the distance between the scattering center and the detector divided by the incident intensity and the volume of the cell illuminated by the laser and seen by the detector.
32 Zimm Equation K* c 1 = + R( ) M P( ) w 2 2 A c M w is the weight-average molar mass. A 2 is the second virial coefficient (a measure of solvent-solute interaction) (A 2 >0 good solvent for the sample). P( ) is the form factor or scattering function, telling how the scattered light varies with angle. This variation is determined by <r g2 >, the mean square radius. The bigger <r g2 >, the greater the angular variation. Note that P(0 ) = 1.
33 Mathematical Solution We know: We don t know: R( ), c, K*, l 0 (l=l 0 /n0), Mw, <r g2 >, A 2 Three Limits of Interest: Low concentration limit (c 0) K*c R 1 = M W P Low angle limit ( 0) K*c R 0 = A2c M W Low concentration and low angle (c 0, 0) K*c = 1 R 0 M W
34 Plot * K c R( ) The Zimm Plot vs. sin 2 ( /2)+kc where k is a stretch factor selected to put kc and sin 2( /2) into the same numerical range. Final results are independent of this factor. Initial slope of = 0 line gives A 2 Initial slope of c = 0 line gives <r g2 > = 0, c = 0 point gives Mw
35 SEC gekoppelt an MALLS (multi angle laser light scattering) Detektor Absolute MM-Bestimmung SEC LS I i ~ M i RI I i ~ C i Data Processing AS1, AS2 Wyatt MMD, LCB, R g MM Molmasse MMD Molmassenverteilung LCB Lankettenverzweigung Rg Gyrationsradius
36 R ( I = I I LM 0. V ). R 2 Statische Lichtstreuung Absolute M w!!! Mehrwinkel-Lichtstreudetektion: Multi Angle Laser Light Scattering (MALLS) detection isotrope Streuung d << l/20 anisotrope Streuung d l/20
37 SEC-MALLS
38 SEC-MALLS
39 Dynamische Lichtstreuung
40 Light scattering Static Light Scattering (SLS): R g or RMS Radius mass averaged distance of each point in a molecule from the molecule s center of gravity. lower limit 10 nm Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) R h or Hydrodynamic Radius radius of a sphere with the same diffusion coefficient as our sample. lower limit ~ 0.5 nm R h
41 An Example: Lysozyme Lysozyme M w = 14,300 Da Result with DynaPro: 1.9 nm
42 Conformation: r h vs. r g solid sphere 3-arm star polymer = r g = 0.77 = r g 1.4 r h r h
43 Hydrodynamic Radius Theoretical Examples R h + H 2 O H 2 O + H 2 O + + H 2 O + H 2 O R h R h
44 Dynamic light scattering Quasi elastische Lichtstreuung Diffusion constant, D T Size, R h Polydispersity, PD%
45 DLS Instrument Sample Laser Dynamic LS: Fluctuation s in scattered Static LS: light Averaged intensity scattered light intensity
46 What is a QELS Experiment? Scattered light intensity is measured through time.
47 How QELS Works: Interference of Light Diffusion! Particles Constructive diffuse interference due to Brownian motion, resulting Destructive in light interference intensities which fluctuate with time.
48 Intensity Fluctuations The rate at which particles diffuse is related to their size, all other things constant.
49 Autocorrelation Function
50 Autocorrelation Function
51 Form of the Autocorrelation Linear time axis Function Log time axis R h = 9nm (latex spheres)
52 Autocorrelation Function Inflection point = Diffusion coefficent R h = 9 nm latex spheres Width = Polydispersity Autocorrelation function: Laser Sample I 0 D t : Diffusion coefficient I S q Scattering vector:
53 What affects translational diffusion? Extrinsic factors D T 1/f h Intrinsic factors D T 1/ Attached solvent and/or interparticle interactions create drag D T 1/f s Viscous solvent slows it down. and if concentration too high, viscosity effects D T 1/R Asphericity slows it down D T T Small particles move faster High temperature speeds it up
54 Timescale of Motion From diffusion coefficient to R h? Stokes - Einstein Relation k B T D t R h R h = k T b p 6 D Boltzmann s constant temperature (Kelvin) viscosity of solvent diffusion coefficient hydrodynamic radius t
55 Distribution of Particle Sizes R h = 9 nm + 50 nm particles Fitting to a single exponential yields R h = 20 nm!
56 Monomodal Analyzing Particle Size Distributions Monodisperse Polydisperse Cumulants: Multimodal Monodisperse Polydisperse Assumes a Gaussian distribution of diffusion constants, and fits to obtain the mean and distribution of the diffusion constants (R h ) Regularization: Attempts to fit the distribution of exponentials to obtain an approximation of the real distribution of R h.
57 Cumulant Example R h = 3.5 nm BSA with 7 % Dimer. Time Temp Radius %PD Mw-R (s) ( C) (nm) (kda) Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq Acq High reproducibility of the fit in each aquisition. - Cumulant fit is very robust.
58 Regularization Example R h = 9 nm + 50 nm PS latex particles Fit result: Peak 1: R h = 7 nm, width = 2 nm Peak 2: R h = 40 nm, width = 11 nm The peak width in the regularization limits the resolution of species are less than a factor of 5 different in R h
59 % Intensity % Mass Light scattering intensity sample sample Radius(nm): 5.98 %Pd: 16.0 %Mass: Radius(nm): 5.55 %Pd: 15.6 %Mass: Radius(nm) Radius(nm) % Intensity and % Mass take the Mw-R model in to account.
6. Lichtstreuung (2) Statische Lichtstreuung
6. Lichtstreuung (2) Statische Lichtstreuung What is Light Scattering? Blue sky, red sunset Automobile headlights in fog Laser beam in a smoky room Reading from an illuminated page Dust particles in beamer
More informationDr. Christoph Johann Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH Copyright Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH All Rights reserved 1
Dr. Christoph Johann Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH 2010 Copyright Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH All Rights reserved 1 Introduction Overview The Nature of Scattered Light: Intensity of scattered light Angular
More informationHow DLS Works: Interference of Light
Static light scattering vs. Dynamic light scattering Static light scattering measures time-average intensities (mean square fluctuations) molecular weight radius of gyration second virial coefficient Dynamic
More informationStatic and dynamic light scattering. Cy Jeffries EMBL Hamburg
Static and dynamic light scattering. Cy Jeffries EMBL Hamburg Introduction. The electromagnetic spectrum. visible 10-16 10-10 10-8 10-4 10-2 10 4 (l m) g-rays X-rays UV IR micro wave Long radio waves 400
More informationPart 8. Special Topic: Light Scattering
Part 8. Special Topic: Light Scattering Light scattering occurs when polarizable particles in a sample are placed in the oscillating electric field of a beam of light. The varying field induces oscillating
More informationLight scattering Small and large particles
Scattering by macromolecules E B Incident light Scattered Light particle Oscillating E field from light makes electronic cloud oscillate surrounding the particle Intensity: I E Accelerating charges means
More informationHow Molecular Weight and Branching of Polymers Influences Laser Sintering Techniques
How Molecular Weight and Branching of Polymers Influences Laser Sintering Techniques Dr. Bernd Tartsch Malvern Instruments GmbH Rigipsstr. 19, D-71083 Herrenberg Tel: +49-703-97 770, Fax: +49-703-97 854
More informationSem /2007. Fisika Polimer Ariadne L. Juwono
Chapter 8. Measurement of molecular weight and size 8.. End-group analysis 8.. Colligative property measurement 8.3. Osmometry 8.4. Gel-permeation chromatography 8.5. Ultracentrifugation 8.6. Light-scattering
More informationSample characterization: Quality control and sample handling prior to data collection
Sample characterization: Quality control and sample handling prior to data collection Marc JAMIN UMI 3265 UJF-EMBL-CNRS Unit of Virus Host Cell interactions Grenoble, France jamin@embl.fr Take home message
More informationCalibration and Normalization of MALS Detectors
Page 1 of 9 Technical Note TN3000 Calibration and Normalization of MALS Detectors Summary This technical note describes the calibration and normalization procedures necessary to performing multi-angle
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF BRANCHED POLYMERS IN SOLUTION (I)
CHARACTERIZATION OF BRANCHED POLYMERS IN SOLUTION (I) Overview: General Properties of Macromolecules in Solution Molar Mass Dependencies Molar Mass Distributions Generalized Ratios Albena Lederer Leibniz-Institute
More informationCOURSE MATERIAL: Unit 3 (Part 1) Polymer Science LT8501 (Click the link Detail to download)
COURSE MATERIAL: Unit 3 (Part 1) Polymer Science LT8501 (Click the link Detail to download) Dr. Debasis Samanta Senior Scientist & AcSIR Assistant Professor Polymer Science & Technology Department., CSIR-CLRI,
More informationPage 1 of 5. Is it alright to estimate dñ/dc in SLS measurements?
Page 1 of 5 Is it alright to estimate dñ/dc in SLS measurements? Due to the complexity of measuring the specific refractive index increment (dñ/dc), static light scattering molecular weight measurements
More informationUse of SEC-MALS. (Size Exclusion Chromatography - Multi Angle. Light Scattering) for protein quality and characterization
Use of SEC-MALS (Size Exclusion Chromatography - Multi Angle Light Scattering) for protein quality and characterization Methods for protein characterization Analytical SEC is a common method to characterize
More informationIntroduction to Dynamic Light Scattering with Applications. Onofrio Annunziata Department of Chemistry Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TX, USA
Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering with Applications Onofrio Annunziata Department of Chemistry Texas Christian University Fort Worth, TX, USA Outline Introduction to dynamic light scattering Particle
More informationChem728 Spr. 12 page 1 2/29/12. Assignment 2 Estimates of Hydrodynamic Radii from Dynamic Light Scattering Data. ANSWERS
Chem728 Spr. 12 page 1 2/29/12 Assignment 2 Estimates of Hydrodynamic Radii from Dynamic Light Scattering Data. ANSWERS Objective: Analyze experimental correlation functions of scattered light to determine
More informationAdvanced GPC. GPC On Tour, Barcelona, 28 th February The use of Advanced Detectors in GPC
Advanced GPC GPC On Tour, Barcelona, 28 th February 2012 The use of Advanced Detectors in GPC 1 What does Conventional GPC give? Molecular weight averages Relative to the standards used Mw Weight Average
More informationTools to Characterize and Study Polymers.
Tools to Characterize and Study Polymers. Overview. 1. Osmometry.. Viscosity Measurements. 3. Elastic and Inelastic Light Scattering. 4. Gel-Permeation Chromatography. 5. Atomic Force Microscopy. 6. Computer
More informationMeasuring particle aggregation rates by light scattering
Measuring particle aggregation rates by light scattering Gregor Trefalt, Istvan Szilagyi, Michal Borkovec Email. gregor.trefalt@unige.ch, istvan.szilagyi@unige.ch, michal.borkovec@unige.ch Introduction
More informationParticles, drops, and bubbles. Lecture 3
Particles, drops, and bubbles Lecture 3 Brownian Motion is diffusion The Einstein relation between particle size and its diffusion coefficient is: D = kt 6πηa However gravitational sedimentation tends
More informationSample preparation and characterization around SAXS
Sample preparation and characterization around SAXS Experimental verification and validation? Rob Meijers EMBL Hamburg Garbage in? The right stuff Molecular weight Oligomerization state Monodispersity
More informationLatest Developments in GPC Analysis of Adhesive and Sealant Polymers Mark Pothecary PhD Americas Product Manager Malvern Instruments
Latest Developments in GPC Analysis of Adhesive and Sealant Polymers Mark Pothecary PhD Americas Product Manager Malvern Instruments Molecular weight The most fundamental molecular property that controls
More informationParticle Size Determinations: Dynamic Light Scattering: page 161 text
Particle Size Determinations: Dynamic Light Scattering: page 161 text Dynamic light scattering (also known as Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or Quasi- Elastic Light Scattering) is a technique which can
More informationarxiv:physics/ v2 [physics.chem-ph] 8 Dec 2004
arxiv:physics/0407001v2 [physics.chem-ph] 8 Dec 2004 Size Information Obtained Using Static Light Scattering Technique Yong Sun February 2, 2008 Abstract Detailed investigation of static light scattering
More informationLight Scattering Study of Poly (dimethyl siloxane) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2.
Supplemental Information. Light Scattering Study of Poly (dimethyl siloxane) in Liquid and Supercritical CO 2. Pascal André, Sarah L. Folk, Mireille Adam, Michael Rubinstein, and Joseph M. DeSimone Technical
More informationIntroduction to Dynamic Light Scattering for Particle Size Determination
www.horiba.com/us/particle Jeffrey Bodycomb, Ph.D. Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering for Particle Size Determination 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved. 1 Sizing Techniques 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
More informationAmorphous Polymers: Polymer Conformation Laboratory 1: Module 1
D E P A R T M E N T O F M A T E R I A L S S C I E N C E A N D E N G I N E E R I N G M A S S A C H U S E T T S I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y 3.014 Materials Laboratory Fall 2008 Amorphous Polymers:
More informationCorrelation Spectroscopy in Polymer Physics Methodenseminar im Wahlpflichtfach Basics diffusion and brownian motion correlations functions
Correlation Spectroscopy in Polymer Physics Methodenseminar im Wahlpflichtfach 3 1. Basics diffusion and brownian motion correlations functions 2. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) DLS on cellulose solutions
More informationLab Week 4 Module α 3. Polymer Conformation. Lab. Instructor : Francesco Stellacci
3.014 Materials Laboratory Dec. 9 th Dec.14 th, 2004 Lab Week 4 Module α 3 Polymer Conformation Lab. Instructor : Francesco Stellacci OBJECTIVES 9 Review random walk model for polymer chains 9 Introduce
More informationMeasuring Lysozyme Monomer at 0.1 mg/ml Concentration. Equipment used : Sample Preparation and Measurement :
Application Report #001 Measuring Lysozyme Monomer at 0.1 mg/ml Concentration Equipment used : ALV-NIBS / HPPS High Sensitivity Version, Lysozyme (MERCK), 0.1 molar Sodium-Acetate buffer (ph 4.25), syringe
More informationApplication compendium. Authors. Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreath Agilent Technologies, Inc. A guide to multi-detector gel permeation chromatography
Application compendium Authors Greg Saunders, Ben MacCreath Agilent Technologies, Inc. A guide to multi-detector gel permeation chromatography Contents Introduction...3 Why do multi-detector GPC/SEC?...4
More informationIntroduction to the calculators in the Zetasizer software
Introduction to the calculators in the Zetasizer software PARTICLE SIZE ZETA POTENTIAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT MOLECULAR SIZE Introduction The calculators are a series of tools in the Zetasizer software that
More informationLS Spectrometer. The DLS and SLS system for sophisticated research
LS Spectrometer The DLS and SLS system for sophisticated research P r o f e s s i o n a l L i g h t S c a t t e r i n g S o l u t i o n s LS INSTRUMENTS THE GLOBAL LEADER IN ADVANCED LIGHT SCATTERING TECHNOLOGIES
More informationParticle Characterization Laboratories, Inc.
Analytical services Particle size analysis Dynamic Light Scattering Static Light Scattering Sedimentation Diffraction Zeta Potential Analysis Single Point Titration Isoelectric point determination Aqueous
More informationScattering intensity fluctuations
11 Size theory Introduction The aim of this chapter is to describe the basic size principles behind the Zetasizer Nano series. This will help in understanding the meaning of the results achieved. The chapter
More informationCoherent X-ray Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
Coherent X-ray Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Laurence Lurio Department of Physics Northern Illinois University http://www.niu.edu/~llurio/coherence/ Outline Theory of X-ray Photon
More informationHydrodynamic Characterisation
Hydrodynamic Characterisation Viscometry SEC-MALLs Analytical Ultracentrifugation Stephen Harding, NCMH University of Nottingham NCMH at Nottingham: An International Facility for characterising sizes/shapes
More informationImpurities In Biomolecules Institute for International Research. Monitoring & Predicting Biomolecular Aggregation Using Light Scattering
Impurities In Biomolecules Institute for International Research Monitoring & Predicting Biomolecular Aggregation Using Light Scattering Kevin Mattison Malvern Instruments Ewa Folta-Stogniew Yale University
More informationField-Flow Fractionation of Macromolecules and Structures That Cannot be Characterized by Conventional GPC/SEC Techniques
The Field-Flow Fractionation Platform Field-Flow Fractionation of Macromolecules and Structures That Cannot be Characterized by Conventional GPC/SEC Techniques Trevor Havard, Evelin Moldenhaur, Soheyl
More informationProgress toward reliable NC molecular mass distribution by GPC
Progress toward reliable NC molecular mass distribution by GPC Dr E Stubbs Emma.Stubbs@awe.co.uk www.awe.co.uk British Crown Owned Copyright 2016/AWE Content Introduction to GPC New instrumentation Sample
More informationp(θ,φ,θ,φ) = we have: Thus:
1. Scattering RT Calculations We come spinning out of nothingness, scattering stars like dust. - Jalal ad-din Rumi (Persian Poet, 1207-1273) We ve considered solutions to the radiative transfer equation
More informationScattering experiments
Scattering experiments Menu 1. Basics: basics, contrast, q and q-range. Static scattering: Light, x-rays and neutrons 3. Dynamics: DLS 4. Key examples Polymers The Colloidal Domain The Magic Triangle Length-
More informationSolution structure and dynamics of biopolymers
Solution structure and dynamics of biopolymers Atomic-detail vs. low resolution structure Information available at different scales Mobility of macromolecules in solution Brownian motion, random walk,
More informationLow-coherence heterodyne photon correlation spectroscopy
Low-coherence heterodyne photon correlation spectroscopy J.H. Johnson, S.L. Siefken, A. Schmidt, R. Corey, and P. Saulnier Department of Physics, Gustavus Adolphus College Saint Peter, MN 56082 ABSTRACT
More informationChemical Engineering 160/260 Polymer Science and Engineering. Lecture 14: Amorphous State February 14, 2001
Chemical Engineering 160/260 Polymer Science and Engineering Lecture 14: Amorphous State February 14, 2001 Objectives! To provide guidance toward understanding why an amorphous polymer glass may be considered
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF BRANCHED POLYMERS
CHARACTERIZATIN F BRANCHED PLYMERS verview: Properties Branching topology Branching degree Albena Lederer Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Member of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Society WGL Hohe
More informationPart III. Polymer Dynamics molecular models
Part III. Polymer Dynamics molecular models I. Unentangled polymer dynamics I.1 Diffusion of a small colloidal particle I.2 Diffusion of an unentangled polymer chain II. Entangled polymer dynamics II.1.
More informationAnalysis of Fragile Ultra-High Molar Mass. d Chromatography. Amandaa K. Brewer October 22, 2015
Analysis of Fragile Ultra-High Molar Mass Polymers by Hydrodynamic d Chromatography Amandaa K. Brewer October 22, 2015 Ultra-High Molar Mass Polymers and Colloids Particle size and shape of polymers and
More informationMolecular weight of polymers. Molecular weight of polymers. Molecular weight of polymers. Molecular weight of polymers. H i
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) : Size Exclusion Chromatography GPC : 1. Chromatogram (V R vs H) H i Detector response Baseline N i M i 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 Elution volume (V R ) (counts)
More informationSupporting Information. Complex Formation Between Lysozyme and Stabilized Micelles with a Mixed Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(acrylic acid) Shell
Supporting Information Complex Formation Between Lysozyme and Stabilized Micelles with a Mixed Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(acrylic acid) Shell Maria Karayianni 1,2, Valeria Gancheva 2, Stergios Pispas 1
More informationComparison of Polymer Separation by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation
Comparison of Polymer Separation by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation Stepan Podzimek, 1 Christoph Johann 2 1 SYNPO / University of Pardubice, Czech Republic, stepan.podzimek@synpo.cz
More information- 1 - θ 1. n 1. θ 2. mirror. object. image
TEST 5 (PHY 50) 1. a) How will the ray indicated in the figure on the following page be reflected by the mirror? (Be accurate!) b) Explain the symbols in the thin lens equation. c) Recall the laws governing
More informationThe Scattering of Light by Small Particles. Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706
(4/28/09) The Scattering of Light by Small Particles Advanced Laboratory, Physics 407 University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Abstract In this experiment we study the scattering of light from
More informationEntanglements. M < M e. M > M e. Rouse. Zero-shear viscosity vs. M (note change of slope) Edwards degennes Doi. Berry + Fox, slope 3.4.
Entanglements Zero-shear viscosity vs. M (note change of slope) M < M e Rouse slope 3.4 M > M e Edwards degennes Doi slope 1 Berry + Fox, 1968 Question: Which factors affect the Me: T, P, M, flexibility,
More informationPAPER No.6: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-II (Statistical
Subject PHYSICAL Paper No and Title Module No and Title Module Tag 6, PHYSICAL -II (Statistical 34, Method for determining molar mass - I CHE_P6_M34 Table of Contents 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction
More informationMolecular Weight of Polymers *
OpenStax-CNX module: m43550 1 Molecular Weight of Polymers * Sehmus Ozden Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 1 Introduction
More informationVisualize and Measure Nanoparticle Size and Concentration
NTA : Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis Visualize and Measure Nanoparticle Size and Concentration 30 Apr 2015 NanoSight product range LM 10 series NS300 series NS500 series Dec 13 34 www.nanosight.com NanoSight
More informationPolymer dynamics. Course M6 Lecture 5 26/1/2004 (JAE) 5.1 Introduction. Diffusion of polymers in melts and dilute solution.
Course M6 Lecture 5 6//004 Polymer dynamics Diffusion of polymers in melts and dilute solution Dr James Elliott 5. Introduction So far, we have considered the static configurations and morphologies of
More informationRHEOLOGY OF BRANCHED POLYMERS
RHEOLOGY OF BRANCHED POLYMERS Overview: The Tube Model Shear and elongational viscosity Albena Lederer Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Member of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Society WGL Hohe
More informationOptimizing GPC Separations
Optimizing GPC Separations Criteria for Solvent Selection True sample solubility (Polarity and Time dependant) Compatibility with columns Avoid non-size exclusion effects (eg adsorption by reverse phase
More informationPolymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle)
EQ, Q, DEQuim, DQuim nd semester 017/018, IST-UL Science and Technology of Polymers ( nd cycle) Polymers Reactions and Polymers Production (3 rd cycle) Lecture 5 Viscosity easurements of the viscosity
More informationByong Yong Yu, and Seung-Yeop Kwak *
Supplementary Information Assembly of Magnetite Nanoparticles into Spherical Mesoporous Aggregates with a 3-D Wormhole-Like Porous Structure Byong Yong Yu, and Seung-Yeop Kwak * Department of Materials
More informationInvestigating the Relationship Between the Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid and its Molecular Weight and Structure using Multidetector
Investigating the Relationship Between the Rheological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid and its Molecular Weight and Structure using Multidetector SEC and SEC-MALS Presented by Bassem Sabagh, PhD Technical
More informationChap. 2. Molecular Weight and Polymer Solutions
Chap.. Molecular Weight and Polymer Solutions. Number Average and Weight Average Molecular Weight A) Importance of MW and MW Distribution M.W. physical properties As M.W., toughness, viscosity ) Optimum
More informationTypical anisotropies introduced by geometry (not everything is spherically symmetric) temperature gradients magnetic fields electrical fields
Lecture 6: Polarimetry 1 Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Fundamentals of Polarized Light 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light Polarized Light in the Universe Polarization indicates anisotropy
More informationDetermination of Molecular Weight and Its Distribution of Rigid-Rod Polymers Determined by Phase-Modulated Flow Birefringence Technique
Determination of Molecular Weight and Its Distribution of Rigid-Rod Polymers Determined by Phase-Modulated Flow Birefringence Technique YUM RAK OH, YOUNG SIL LEE, MOO HYUN KWON, O OK PARK Department of
More informationMaterial Characteristics
Material Characteristics technology: domains interface body surface supermolecular structures hydro colloids chemistry: states crystalline amorphous gel / glass dissolved Starch: granules formed by molecules
More informationScattering Methods: Basic Principles and Application to Polymer and Colloidal Solutions
Scattering Methods: Basic Principles and Application to Polymer and Colloidal Solutions Peter Lang Summer term 2017 Contents 1 Basic Principles 2 1.1 Mathematical description of wave motion..................
More informationInterpreting Your PSA Results
Interpreting Your PSA Results Decoding the Acronyms and Finding Insights Ian Treviranus ian.treviranus@horiba.com www.horiba.com/us/particle Outline The Basics Define Parameters Choose Parameters Interpret
More informationEXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December Suggested resolution
page 1 of 7 EXAM I COURSE TFY4310 MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS December 2013 Suggested resolution Exercise 1. [total: 25 p] a) [t: 5 p] Describe the bonding [1.5 p] and the molecular orbitals [1.5 p] of the ethylene
More informationCombination of laser-optical methods for inline dough rheology monitoring
Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan Lehrstuhl für Brau- und Getränketechnologie Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Becker Combination of laser-optical methods for inline dough rheology monitoring Perez
More informationSpringer Laboratory Manuals in Polymer Science
Springer Laboratory Springer Laboratory Manuals in Polymer Science Schärtl, W.: Light Scattering from Polymer Solutions and Nanoparticle Dispersions ISBN: 3-540-71950-4 Stribeck, N.: X-Ray Scattering of
More informationAn Introduction to namic Light Scattering by Macromole cules
An Introduction to namic Light Scattering by Macromole cules Kenneth S. Schmitz Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Kansas Kansas City, Missouri City ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
More informationThe physical characterisation of polysaccharides in solution. Stephen Harding University of Nottingham
The physical characterisation of polysaccharides in solution Stephen Harding University of Nottingham The physical characterisation of polysaccharides in solution Viscometry SEC-MALLs Analytical Ultracentrifugation
More informationSupporting Information
This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 013 Supporting Information Control over the Electrostatic Self-assembly of Nanoparticle Semiflexible Biopolyelectrolyte Complexes Li Shi, a,b Florent Carn,
More informationChap. 2. Polymers Introduction. - Polymers: synthetic materials <--> natural materials
Chap. 2. Polymers 2.1. Introduction - Polymers: synthetic materials natural materials no gas phase, not simple liquid (much more viscous), not perfectly crystalline, etc 2.3. Polymer Chain Conformation
More informationChapter 3. Molecular Weight. 1. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solution 2. Mol Wt Determination
Chapter 3 Molecular Weight 1. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solution 2. Mol Wt Determination 1. Weight, shape, and size of polymers monomer oligomer polymer dimer, trimer, --- telomer ~ oligomer from telomerization
More informationStructural Relaxation and Refractive Index of Low-Loss Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glass
Polymer Journal, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp 466 470 (2002) NOTES Structural Relaxation and Refractive Index of Low-Loss Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glass Norihisa TANIO Faculty of Photonics Science and Technology,
More informationMolecular Driving Forces
Molecular Driving Forces Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry and Biology SUBGfittingen 7 At 216 513 073 / / Ken A. Dill Sarina Bromberg With the assistance of Dirk Stigter on the Electrostatics chapters
More informationPuzzled? Look it up in our GPC Glossary
Puzzled? Look it up in our GPC Glossary www.tosohbioscience.de The Ever Evolving EcoSEC GPC System. Providing Greater Reliability and Versatility If your work relies on accurate, reproducible GPC data,
More informationHydrodynamics: Viscosity and Diffusion Hydrodynamics is the study of mechanics in a liquid, where the frictional drag of the liquid cannot be ignored
Hydrodynamics: Viscosity and Diffusion Hydrodynamics is the study of mechanics in a liquid, where the frictional drag of the liquid cannot be ignored First let s just consider fluid flow, where the fluid
More informationLecture 10 February 25, 2010
Lecture 10 February 5, 010 Last time we discussed a small scatterer at origin. Interesting effects come from many small scatterers occupying a region of size d large compared to λ. The scatterer j at position
More informationENAS 606 : Polymer Physics
ENAS 606 : Polymer Physics Professor Description Course Topics TA Prerequisite Class Office Hours Chinedum Osuji 302 Mason Lab, 432-4357, chinedum.osuji@yale.edu This course covers the static and dynamic
More informationMain Notation Used in This Book
Main Notation Used in This Book z Direction normal to the surface x,y Directions in the plane of the surface Used to describe a component parallel to the interface plane xoz Plane of incidence j Label
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 5: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Leiden University,
More informationDEVELOPING A BIOFORMULATION STABILITY PROFILE
DEVELOPING A BIOFORMULATION STABILITY PROFILE Light Scattering and Micro-Capillary Viscometry A Malvern Instruments Bioscience Development Initiative Executive Summary: When used in combination, light
More informationLecture 11: Polarized Light. Fundamentals of Polarized Light. Descriptions of Polarized Light. Scattering Polarization. Zeeman Effect.
Lecture 11: Polarized Light Outline 1 Fundamentals of Polarized Light 2 Descriptions of Polarized Light 3 Scattering Polarization 4 Zeeman Effect 5 Hanle Effect Fundamentals of Polarized Light Electromagnetic
More informationDilute-solution properties of biomacromolecules as indicators of macromolecular structure and interactions
Dilute-solution properties of biomacromolecules as indicators of macromolecular structure and interactions José García de la Torre, Departament of Physical Chemistry University of Murcia, Spain jgt@um.es
More information4 Sample Preparation. Table 4.1. Sample parameters needed for data evaluation in light scattering experiments. Dynamic light scattering
4 Sample Preparation Having studied the theory and experimental setup of the light scattering method in the preceding chapters, let us now consider how light scattering samples are prepared in practice.
More informationBrewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection
Lecture 4: Polarization Outline 1 Polarized Light in the Universe 2 Brewster Angle and Total Internal Reflection 3 Descriptions of Polarized Light 4 Polarizers 5 Retarders Christoph U. Keller, Utrecht
More informationUsing runt Disposable Cuvettes
Tech Note Guide Table of Contents Ease of Use... 3 Sensitivity... 4 Resolution... 5 Accuracy... 6 Faster Sample Prep... 7 Measuring Molecular Weight... 8 Observing Protein Aggregation... 9 Characterize
More informationFluorescence Spectroscopy
Fluorescence Spectroscopy Raleigh light scattering light all freqs Fluorescence emission Raleigh Scattering 10 nm Raleigh light scattering Fluorescence emission 400 nm Scattering - TWO particle 10 nm Particle
More informationScattering Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter
Scattering Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter Arnout Imhof Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute, Utrecht University Scattering of waves Scattering occurs whenever a medium is inhomogeneous Waves scatter
More informationDynamic Light Scattering Study of Polymer Chain Dimensions
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 3.014 Laboratory Module A, Fall 2009 Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Polymer Chain Dimensions Professor Geoffrey
More informationFundamentals on light scattering, absorption and thermal radiation, and its relation to the vector radiative transfer equation
Fundamentals on light scattering, absorption and thermal radiation, and its relation to the vector radiative transfer equation Klaus Jockers November 11, 2014 Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung
More informationMEASURING PROTEIN AGGREGATION WITH THE VISCOTEK SEC-MALS 20
MEASURING PROTEIN AGGREGATION WITH THE VISCOTEK SEC-MALS 20 Introduction Protein aggregation is recognised as a major issue in the biopharmaceutical industry. Proteins have a tendency to aggregate over
More informationProtein Dynamics, Allostery and Function
Protein Dynamics, Allostery and Function Lecture 3. Protein Dynamics Xiaolin Cheng UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics SJTU Summer School 2017 1 Obtaining Dynamic Information Experimental Approaches
More informationGold-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) core-shell colloids with homogeneous density profiles: A small angle scattering study
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the Owner Societies 2014 Supporting Information Gold-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) core-shell colloids with
More informationSize and Zeta Potential of Colloidal Gold Particles
Size and Zeta Potential of Colloidal Gold Particles Mark Bumiller mark.bumiller@horiba.com Colloid Definition Two phases: Dispersed phase (particles) Continuous phase (dispersion medium, solvent) May be
More informationSetting the Standard for GPC. Complete Guide for GPC / SEC / GFC Instrumentation and Detection Technologies. The Right Instrument for Your Application
TM Setting the Standard for GPC Complete Guide for GPC / SEC / GFC Instrumentation and Detection Technologies The Right Instrument for Your Application Viscotek is the global leader in Gel Permeation /
More information