Part A Pendulum Worksheet (Period and Energy):

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1 Pendulum Lab Name: 4 th Grade PSI Part A Pendulum Worksheet (Period and Energy): The weight at the end of the rod is called the pendulum bob. Pull one of the bobs back and hold it. What type of energy does the ball have? A. Kinetic Energy B. Potential Energy C. Electrical Energy Let the bob go. When the bob is at the bottom of its swing, what type of energy does it have? A. Kinetic Energy B. Potential Energy C. Electrical Energy Pull one of the bobs back and let go. Watch the pendulum move back and forth. The time it takes for the pendulum to return to the same spot is called the PERIOD. In the next steps, you will compare the periods of the pendulums. 1. Pull the light and heavy bobs back the same amount at the same time. Then let them go at the same time. As you watch, which pendulum appears to have the longest period? A. the one with the heavy bob B. the one with the light bob C. they are about the same

2 2. This time pull both bobs back at the same time but pull the heavy one back more. Let them go at the same time. As you watch, which pendulum appears to have the longest period? A. the one with the heavy bob B. the one with the light bob C. they are about the same 3. Now pull both bobs back at the same time but pull the light one back more. Let them go at the same time. As you watch, which pendulum appears to have the longest period? A. the one with the heavy bob B. the one with the light bob C. they are about the same Answer the following questions 4. Looking at your observations (1-3 above), what can you conclude about the effect of the weight of the bob on the period of a pendulum? When a pendulum is released 5. Does the pendulum ever stop moving for a moment during its swing? Where?

3 6. Where in its swing will it have the greatest potential energy? A. At the top B. At the bottom C. It doesn t change. 7. Where in its swing will it have the greatest kinetic energy? A. At the top B. At the bottom C. It doesn t change. 8. Where is the pendulum moving fastest? A. At the top B. At the bottom C. It doesn t change. 9. If a pendulum is pulled and held further back, its potential energy A. Increases B. Decreases C. Stays the same 10. If two pendulums are pulled back different amounts and released, which pendulum will have more kinetic energy at the bottom of its swing? A. The one pulled back less B. The one pulled back more C. They will have the same kinetic energy.

4 Pendulum Lab Name: 4 th Grade PSI Part B Pendulum Worksheet (Collision and Energy): Now you are going to use the pendulums to hit a block. You are going to see whether changing the weight of the pendulum bob affects the energy of the pendulum. Make sure the lighter pendulum is not moving. Place a block on the floor just to the left of the pendulum bob. Make a mark with a pencil or crayon on the floor just where the block touches the bob. Pull the lighter pendulum bob to the right 15 cm and let go. When the block stops, make another mark on the floor just to the right of the block. Use a meter stick to measure the number of centimeters between the marks on the floor. Write the distance here: cm When the pendulum bob hits the block 1. What happens to the speed of the pendulum? A. It stays the same. B. It speeds up. C. It slows down. 2. What happens to the speed of the block? A. It remains motionless. B. It speeds up. 3. What happened to the energy of the pendulum when it hits the block?

5 4. What do you think would happen to the distance the block travels if you pulled the pendulum back further before you released it? Try it! What happened? Was it what you expected? Do you think the block went faster just after it got hit by pendulum released from the lower position or the higher position?

6 Now do the same again with the heavier pendulum. Make sure the heavier pendulum is not moving. Place the same block on the floor just to the left of the pendulum bob. Make a mark with a pencil or crayon on the floor just where the block touches the bob. Pull the heavier pendulum bob to the right 15 cm (same amount as before) and let go. When the block stops, make another mark on the floor just to the right of the block. Use a meter stick to measure the number of centimeters between the marks on the floor. Write the distance here: cm 5. Which pendulum moved the block further? A. The lighter one B. The heavier one 6. Which pendulum made the block move faster? A. The lighter one B. The heavier one 7. Looking at your observations (5 and 6 above), what can you conclude about the effect of the weight of the bob on the energy of a pendulum?

7 Pendulum Lab Name: 4 th Grade PSI Part C Pendulum Worksheet (Real World Application and Conclusion): 1. Name two ways you can change the pendulum to make the block move farther. 2. Two identical pendulums are released from the same height. One hits a lighter block. The other hits a heavier block. Which block will go further? A. The lighter one B. The heavier one 3. If you want to knock down a building, a. Would it be better to use a heavier wrecking ball or a lighter one? Why? b. Would it be better to move the wrecking ball back a little or a lot? Why?

8 Conclusion: 1. On the diagram below: a. Write a K on the circle(s) where kinetic energy is greatest. b. Write a P on the circle(s) where potential energy is greatest. 2. What happens to the kinetic energy at the bottom of the swing when the pendulum bob starts from a greater height? 3. What is the difference between the kinetic energies of a pendulum with a light bob and a pendulum with a HEAVY bob when both are moving at the same speed?

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