METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES

Transcription

1 TMA J LdU,Mb ydev m T mb d c yv b gd v p d d w d m m : m Sm C : I CT db gd v b ym yc b b d d dp c y, mp v g c c y, q y dq y. B v p d g yc c k : c g Sm C v c. T m J L d,m b y de v m d p p w d p p c p g dm b y. T MAJ c v d Sp ce p S Op Ac c J db y Sc yp b g dac d m cr c C ( SP ARCE p ) d D c y Op Ac c J ( DOAJ ). ME T HODS, T OOL SA NDB E S TP RA CT I CE ST OI NCRE A S ET HECA P A CI T Y OFURB A NS Y S T E MST OA DA P TT ONA T URA L A NDMA NMA DECHA NGE S V Ap p I SSN I SSN U v y N p F d c I I

2 TMA J Ld U, Mby d Evm METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1 (2017) Pbd by Lby Ld U Mby d Evm DICEA - Dpm Cv, Acc d Evm Egg Uvy Np "Fdc II" TMA zd by CAB - C Lb Fdc II Uvy Np g Op J Sym Ed--c: Rcc Pp p ISSN ISSN Lcc: Cc d Tb d Np, 6 29/01/2008 Ed cpdc Lby Ld U Mby d Evm DICEA - Dpm Cv, Acc d Evm Egg Uvy Np "Fdc II" Pzz Tcc, Np wb: -m: dz.m@. Cv Img: Fyd Nwdd, Cd, Jdy M TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

3 TMA. J Ld U, Mby d Evm c, ppc d cb w d ppc pg d mby d pb g -dcpy pp c p, d d vm. Dm cd: gg, pg, mdg, bv, cmc, ggpy, g cc, cgy, cc d dg, wk cc d cmpx ym. T I N Agcy Ev Uv d Rc I (ANVUR) cd TMA cc j A 08. TMA cvd Spc Ep S Op Acc J d by Scy Pbg d Acdmc Rc C (SPARC Ep) d Dcy Op Acc J (DOAJ). TMA pbd d Cv Cmm Ab 3.0 Lc d bd p vwd by w cd mg g-p c. TMA b pbd c 2007 d dxd m bbgpc db d p cg dd cdmc d c b wdwd. EDITOR IN-CHIEF Rcc Pp, Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD M A, Uvy I, USA Lc B, Uvy Amdm, Nd Lk B, G Uvy, Bgm D B, Pycc Uvy B, Iy Eq Cd, Pycc Uvy Mdd, Sp Rb Cmg, Pycc Uvy M, Iy Dck D Kckv, Uvy T, Cd Mk Dk, Edbg Np Uvy, Scd A Km, Uvy H, I Nc Km, A Uvy Tk, Gc Dvd Mw Lv, Uvy M, USA P Mm, Mg Gæc Uvy Cz, Iy Ag Nzz, T Vg Uvy Rm, Iy Rcc Pp, Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy Sg S, Ub Mpgy d Cmpx Sym I, Fc M Sm, N Kpd Uvy A, Gc A S, Sz Uvy, I ASSOCIATE EDITORS R B, N Rc Cc I Sd Md Sc, Iy Lg d'o, Uvy Cb, Sp Rm F, Uvy S, Iy Cm Gg, Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy Tm Hm, Uc Uvy, Nd Mk H, Uvy Lxmbg, Lxmbg Sd Kdk, Tcc Uvy Ib, Tky R A L Rcc, Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy Hmd Ebmp Mm, Tcc Uvy B, Gmy Gpp Mzz, N Rc Cc I Sd Md Sc, Iy Nc M, Abg Uvy, Dmk Ec Pp, Uvy Wm, Ud Kgdm D Pj, Uvy Qd, A F Zc, Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy EDITORIAL STAFF G Ag, PD d Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy Gd Cp, PD d Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy S Fc, PD d L Uvy Rm, Iy Mc Rmd, Eg, Uvy S, Iy L R, PD d Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy M R Tm, PD d Uvy Np Fdc II, Iy Ad T, PD Scd Uvy Np, Iy TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

4 TMA J Ld U, Mby d Evm METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1 (2017) C 3 EDITORIAL PREFACE Rcc Pp FOCUS 5 Cb d c. W gw mk g V C 25 T w v Lj. Pbc pc gd cmp mw mgm c Mm M LAND USE, MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENT 41 T cv b g pc d c-c c Mm Fk Ak, Sü Bbğ, Cgz U, H Dymş 57 Pg gm I mp c. Ey d Gpp Mzz 77 Scmg m cy pg d dvpm. Expg p d p Mg Agd TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

5 95 Acv p c d cd' bdy wg. A ymc vw Hmd E. Mm 111 REVIEW PAGES G Ag, Gd Cp, M R Tm, L R, Ad T TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

6 TMA J TMA 1 (2017) p ISSN , - ISSN d: / /5084 Ld U, Mby d Evm Lcd d Cv Cmm Ab N Cmmc Lc _WEB RESOURCES T wb p d wb pg wc dcy ccd w m. : M R Tm Tm Lb - Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m: m.m@. 02_BOOKS T bk vw gg bd w pbc d w m j mb. : Gd Cp Tm Lb - Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m: gd.cp@. REVIEWS PAGES METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) Sg m p bw b pg d mby mgm, TMA gdy xpdd vw cvd pc, wy mg gv g cc -dp y. Dg w y pc b pd Sm C m d d mg cm w. T c j md by Rvw Pg. Ty v d m: m pbm, d d vy pc; vg p by ggg dvcd p mg ppy d dcpy d; xp c, xpc d p ppc; d c, dcpy dvpm b, p, d d bck. Id j Rvw Pg v k mg mc pb cc d d dcvy w p vw. F c dd bc c, qd dc w d m dvcd c. T c c, pg c, c d ppc, yd d vgd b by gv ymc p q ccg b d pg, d pc c vm by d v pcc. F pp Rvw Pg md by v c (Wb Rc; Bk; Lw; Ub Pcc; Nw d Ev), c wc xm pcc pc bd m g TMA. 03_LAWS T w c pp cc y mv pc m. : L R Tm Lb - Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m:.@. 04_URBAN PRACTICES Ub pcc dcb m vv ppc pcc j m. : G Ag Tm Lb - Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m: g.g@. 05_NEWS AND EVENTS Nw d v c kp d p--d cg, v d xb d j m. : Ad T Tm Lb - Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m: d.@.

7 TMA J TMA 1 (2017) p ISSN , - ISSN d: / /5084 Ld U, Mby d Evm Lcd d Cv Cmm Ab N Cmmc Lc _WEB RESOURCES 网站报告为读者提供与主题直接相关的网页 : M R Tm 那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学民用建筑与环境工程系 TMA 实验室 -m: m.m@. 02_BOOKS 书评推荐与期刊该期主题相关的最新出版著作 : Gd Cp 那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学民用建筑与环境工程系 TMA 实验室 -m: gd.cp@. 03_LAWS 法律部分提供主题相关标准方面的大量综述 评述页 : 提高城市系统对自然及人为变化顺应能力的方法 工具和最佳实践 TMA 从城市规划和流动性管理之间的关系入手, 将涉及的论题逐步展, 并始终保持科学严谨的态度进行深入分析 在过去两年中, 智能城市 (Sm C) 课题和随之而来的不同含义一直受到特别关注 学报的最后部分是评述页 (Rvw Pg) 这些评述页具有不同的目的 : 表明问题 趋势和演进过程 ; 通过突出貌似不相关的学科领域之间的深度关系对途径进行调查 ; 探索交互作用的领域 经验和潜在应用 ; 强调交互作用 学科发展 同时还包括失败和挫折 ( 如果存在的话 ) 评述页在学报中的任务是, 尽可能地促进观点的不断传播并激发新视角 因此, 该部分主要是一些基本参考文献, 这些是鉴别新的和更加深入的交互作用所必需的 这些参考文献包括研究 规划法规 行动和应用, 它们均已经过分析和探讨, 能够对与城市和国土规划有关的问题作出有系统的响应, 同时还对诸如环境可持续性和在实践中创新等方面有所注重 因, 评述页由五个部分组成 ( 网络资源 书籍 法律 城市实务 新闻和事件 ), 每个部分负责核查 TMA 所关心的海量信息存储的一个具体方面 : L R 那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学民用建筑与环境工程系 TMA 实验室 -m:.@. 04_URBAN PRACTICES 城市的实践描述了期刊主题在实践中最具创新性的应用 : G Ag 那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学民用建筑与环境工程系 TMA 实验室 -m: g.g@. 05_NEWS AND EVENTS 新闻与活动部分让读者了解与期刊主题相关的会议 活动及展览 : Ad T 那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学民用建筑与环境工程系 TMA 实验室 -m: d.@.

8 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg 01 METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) REVIEW PAGES: WEB RESOURCES MARIA ROSA TREMITERRA TMALb Uvà Fdc II d Np, Iy -m: m.m@. I mb IDEAS AND APPROACHES TO FACE CLIMATE CHANGE IN CITIES Cm cg ymc cg c (EEA, 2016). I cd by vm d ccmc c b cx. W y, cmp d pdc c m GHG m, c mg cg, pd pc c k dc cpcy b ym pd cvy cm cg mpc (.. wv, xm, v, c.). T, c v d mpm d m b dp. Cdg b c b mg p m cv d by v cm cg mpc my, dp m d cv bd g, cdg cgc, m, gz, c., v gvc v, w c d cc v (Bbk., 2010; Pp., 2015). Idd, cm mpc vy gcy m cy cy. T, d dp m dd cdg pcc b cx. My c p g-m gy, b mjy m w-c d m, c mgcy p, pcd d bv dvc. Tdy, g d cm cg dp pmd by IPCC (2014) gy d, d ppc dpd d c cm cg d bd p c. Mv, y, my v b d wd d mdgy dvp dp g d b cx (C., 2015). I mb, wb pd d dcb d mdgc ppc md mpvg cpcy b ym c cg cd w cm cg. T wb c pjc TURAS, wc dvpd wg ppc bgg g dc mk c w SME d c mpv d b g d m; cd wb FRC FdRCy, EU-dd pjc mpmg b c g c N W Ep cg kd dg d -v d cd d w v, m d xm (pv dg). Fy, d wb dvpd by ISET-I, -p c, g d cc pp gz, wc pp b mpv cpcy c cmm d b, pc c dvpg c A TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

9 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg TURAS p:// TURAS (T wd Ub Rc d Sby) wb EU dd pjc, d Ocb 2011 d d Spmb T pjc md bg g b cmm, c, c d m 26 pjc p (pccy, 11 c, 9 dg cdmc c d 6 SME) dvp, z d dm g d m d mpv c cpcy Ep c. T pcc cg ddd TURAS cdd: cm cg dp d mg; c g d pcdd b gw. T, TURAS dvpd mwk d pc ccg d gbd c g gp ICT c. Sc d w d dvp d w ppc c b c d dc b cgc p c pcpg cy pjc. T m cd x wk pckg: gp ICT Spp Ic Ub Rc; gg Pbc d Pv G Ic; b/id Rg, Ld U Pg d Cv Dg; cm Cg R Cy Pg d Cm-N Ic; mg Ub Spw; -Cc Ecm. T TURAS wb p c: Ab TURAS, R, Rc d Cc. T Ab TURAS c cmpd by mpg wb w g m b pjc, pjc p d mp wb. T cd c, R, c 85 TURAS, dvdd cg: TURAS : c c yc k, pc mdgy, cmmy ggm d mpm gd p c pd bd g b cg m cm cg dp. F c, Spc-Egg md gd d pm dy dd b pc d mpv gc b pg dd mp cg d c m c d cgc ym cy ; Igd T pjc: pjc cmb bv-md TURAS gd c-dcpy ppc dg w g c b cg; TURAS P: TURAS P pjc mpmd by TURAS pcp. I, 33 P d c pjc p bc d c m cd by kd mpmg ; Pc-bd Sg: Pc-bd Sg p xpc d d m TURAS c g cmb, dp, mpm d cck. Id, Rc c cd g pg wc cc wd vy m wc d b TURAS pjc d d pc. Vd pg c v vw pjc p d d v pc. Bg d Nw p m b TURAS cv. I TURAS Ev v gd by TURAS wc k p d Img pg cc v p c v. I Dcm d Dvb pg m dd dcm d c p c b y dwdd. Fy, b Cc c c pjc cm md cc p m, v pjc d TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

10 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg FRC - FLOODRESILIENCITY p:// T FRC pjc (cym FdRCy) pjc dd w INTERREG NEW EU Pgmm md pmg cmc, vm, c d N-W Ep. T m m FRC pjc b pbc g c c N W Ep g b cp w d b, k cmb cp d g vm. W w pjc bg g xp (.g. w g d d mg) d pbc, b vv pp w v pc w mgm c ppg cym. T pp d m c wb dcbd pg Ug Wb. Idd, wb b dvpd w wd g: cmmc d dm dd FRC pjc pp vvd b dg d w mgm, w vy c d pp FRC p g. T pcc c FRC Op cd d c b dcy m m pg; p - c dcg d mgm pc pp cd by d dg d w jb d my mk m kd d mgm. I d c g c Adp b, d w vm b ddd mpg. Spccy, d FRC c cc FRC Op w c gpd 4 b-c: O d cc, w p c b dwdd; Sg g d xpc pg, wc kwdg d xpc dvpd pjc mwk; Fd c FRC, w c mpv c d yp dg k by g c d dcbd, Tg p cc m dd dg ccp, d mgm d c w d c w FRC pjc mwk d. Hwv, p vg FRC pc ccdc w pjc mwk, c cck Adp b, d w vm b m mpg. T, c cc pc d wy: dpdg pc by m vg Tm, dpdg yp w (.g. w ppy d dg) k vg W yp ypg m dcy Sc wb, vb p bv md vg. I dd, wb pvd w Gy c w cc c xpd d c w b dg b cx g mp gg. Sc m FRC pjc pvd my pp pb w m d m, c b Lk c w d pjc by xpd, w pby v gg, wc pjc p. T mpc dm d cmmc ggd by pc k w mg g d vd g wb (.. YTb d Fck c). Fy, bm p wb, dg b w v g p vvd pjc. I d, pjc p qy cd by c d pbc dm TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

11 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg ISET-INTERNATIONAL p://---.g/wcm.m ISET-I my I Sc d Evm T vvd dvpm g mpv c d dp cpby c (my Ac ) wd c, cmc, vm d c cg. I mp d m c pcp (.g. Pp, gc kg, cmmc, d cmmm) b c, g d mpm cv. T wb bdvdd 4 m c, d dd c w cc m. T c wg: Pjc: c, pjc w ISET b vvd ccd y by y, c T pjc d pc b c, c m, d k, c mgm, c Rc: w c, v m c p, c-d, dc pp, j c d c d g m pp d d ppc d gp, w vd d cc p. Nwk Cpc: dy dcd, pp d cmmc gc pcp ISET. I d cb bw p, p ISET c cv w. Mv, mmb d cb d d pvd m b pb cc p. Bg d w: k cb p d cb, c cd m d w b c m v wd. I d, c d wb (bg.---.g) w m d w bdvdd pcc cg. REFERENCES Bbk, G. R., Sw, R. J., C, T. R., Cw, C., Hc, T., M, H., Mc, M.D., Ry, D. (2010). Ep dp cm cg: cmpg dp g. Gb vm cg, 20(3), p://d.g/ /j.gvc C, J. G., Cv, G., Cy, A., Gy, S., Hdy, J., Kzmczk, A. (2015). Cm cg d cy: Bdg cpcy b dp. Pg Pg, 95, p://d.g/ /j.pg EEA (2016). Ub dp cm cg Ep 2016 Tmg c cgg cm. EEA Rp N 12/2016. d: / Rvd m p:// IPCC (2014). Cm Cg 2014: Impc, Adp, d Vby. P A: Gb d Sc Apc. Cb Wkg Gp II F Am Rp Igvm P Cm Cg. Cmbdg Uvy P, Cmbdg, Ud Kgdm d Nw Yk, NY, USA Pp, R., Gd, A., Vg Mj M.C., S E. (2015). Sm d c. A ymc ppc dvpg c-c g c cm cg. Tm. J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 8 (1), d:p://dx.d.g/ / /2883 IMAGE SOURCES T mg m: p:// p:// p://---.g/wcm.m TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

12 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg 02 METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) REVIEW PAGES: BOOKS GERARDO CARPENTIERI TMALb Uvà dg Sd d Np Fdc II, Iy -m: gd.cp@. I mb THE URBAN ADAPTATION TO CHANGES T b d pcy c v bcm m dd pc v. I c, pp vg c g pp. I c y cd gc mgy mvm v cmp m y. T bz pc wc w gcy c cmc, pc d c m c d p mpc. I vd p 70% gb pp w b vg c by S, p d c bw c, m d dg cg d mp c gg m d m vc gd b d cy-g pg, gvc, cg, d mpm. T b bcmg py, cy d cmcy dpd w dg cg mp g. T d c ppc gv b ggm bcm v m pg. Lc, p, dc mk w dvpm cmmy cqy d k byd d dmv d jdc bd. T wy w cg c mp gvc mcm cp byd cy bd, cvg ccy g c cv, mpvg dvy bc vc, g qb db c, pmg bcd dvpm, d my d. A dd cg, c cg, cc vd d wm c cm cg. S b cy c m g m dp g dc gv. I c, cm cg m cy p m b dvpm : c dd m cb gy cmp d GHG m pyg, m m, g pc cg cm mpc (Pp., 2015). T my cg cp pcy c y. T c c dcd mcpy d mp bdg d pbc d pv v d d. Accdg m, c gg bk d p p b dd mb: Mp Gvc: A Fmwk Cpcy Am, T gwg cy. Sm cy d pv pg d Sm Gvc Scc Iv d Fcg b dp cm cg TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

13 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg T: Mp Gvc: A Fmwk Cpcy Am A/d: Jy P Pb: Dc Gc ü I Zmmb (GIZ) Pbc y: 2016 ISBN cd: - T Sc Pjc Sb Dvpm Mp Rg, mpmd by Dc Gc ü I Zmmb (GIZ) b Gm Fd My Ecmc Cp d Dvpm (BMZ), dvp c-d dvy vc mp g dv b dvpm. T Fmwk Mp Gvc Am Gdc N d Tbx m p pbc Sb Dvpm Mp Rg gv ccp gdc d cmmd d- ppc dvpm gz w p c d b dvpm mp g. T Mp Cpcy Am Mdgy (MCAM) pd b dvpd c mp g w w cg, d gc pg pp m d. I gc mdgy pvd gdc b w d b cvd w g gvc cpcy mp g, g w xg cpcy, d, d p gg p d dyg w dd d w pc d cg (.g. mby, c, c c). T MCAM pd b dvpd mwk d ccmpyg y c mp g w w cg, d gc pg pp m d. I gc mdgy pvd gdc b w d b cvd w g gvc cpcy mp g. T ppc d w ddg xg cpcy p d dy w dd d w pc d cg. A mp cpcy m, MCAM pc bd c. T w m pc wy dg d g pc by- dp m. T P A pvd gdc d c d dc mkg b: p cv; w cdc m pc - g p c kd mppg, gg c d, cdcg cv wkp, d ; mwk m d y; d g y dy cmmd d x p c. T gdc c c cd d wkg m. P B c cdcg v cvy p. T m m MCAM d mv y ky, cpc d d, cmmd v wd cb vg pbm, cg v, mpvg xg vc d cd. I cc w pp: () wkp xc, g pcp ggd dc b c vc d p cg mpvm pcc c; () c b d p dc mkg pc d m, w vwg ky dg d cmmd, p dcd wc cg v d b ddd TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

14 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg T: Fcg b dp cm cg A/d: Ep Evm Agcy Pb: Ep Cmm Pbc y: 2017 ISBN cd: T p w w g cb bw Ep Evm Agcy (EEA) d Ep Tpc C Cm Cg Impc, Vby d Adp (ETC CCA). Nwdg gb, Ep d ck cm cg c, mj cg v d pv kd. T dvc dp m mcp, mp mpv cpcy d c, ppy dg d g v cg m. T p pp pbc d pv ckd w w mk xpc pcc c dy g dc cc w v mcpy, d vy p p--p g pc. I p p, d dcb m m c dp cg m, : Gvm c - my g, cdg d EU dg m,, g d c mcpy bdg; Bk d c pvd g, dcy pp w c bk; Pv kd, cdg d, dvp, cmp, w d dvd, v m dcy v cwddg d g bd; F/w-c x g y g dp d b pg d dg, mmg dp m mcp c w mgm,,, c., g ppg g c bdg dd. I cd p, p pp d cmc dcp v Ep c d v dpd m c md mpmg dp m, pvd g d wy c b dp c. T c d p c p d vb pcc xpc b q cv dg d djm pcc c cd mk m wk w. A y c d p ppd mmy g c dy b d m md d, cc d pgp d bw: W c c. My cc c cg dp m, Ep c d mcp cmb d yp cg m v c d c d m d gvm v; E cpc dd c. Sm ky c dvcg dp c mcp b cpcy dy, ppy d g v cg m. T q xp, wc pbm pc m mcp, w dp y c w mmb; Cmmc, g, cvcg. Impmg m ccy q m c c. I q c w d pp mg dc-mk pbc d pv dm, d mg cz d kd. A dp gy p p c w. I cc, cg dp m, cg wy cy b d gd, c b y dc mpm. Bc m d pby my d c. Hwv, kg cmpv ppcv gd d g-m b dvpm, d cdg mcpy w, c w v c d my dd b TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

15 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg T: T gwg cy. Sm cy d pv pg A/d: Gpp Mzz Pb: Fdp Pbc y: 2016 ISBN cd: T bk b pbd p cc pm FdOABk Uvy Np Fdc II, Sm Cy, Ub Pg Sb F. T c wk dvcm SEM pjc - Sm Egy M dvpm md gvc gy vg d ccy y w c b b. T pjc w cd w Sm C d Cmm PON pjc d dd Jy T m bk y b c d kwg w cd v c w ppg c cg m c: d bd bz pc, v gwg dmd by. S, pp b pg p cd m b c b cvd g vv pv. T g cd c vv c c pvk dm c w pc b c. T bk dvdd v c, by dcbd bw: dd bz d dvpm b ym, w d mpc m c cmp d cc pp d c; cd p dc m md xp mcm b pw d dvd c; d p d w ky d p bw b ym d vm c, my gy; p y m d Ep c d xp cg ccc c c pv pg m b d m; p, y, dp c d m m b p w yp p, w m c czd vv c c vv b c. I cc, bk k dvpm cc db d gd pcc mpmg bm wk c b d ck mgm v. O wy, wc pb gv ccy d cc dy b ym gw d dvpm c y d by. S c bw cgy d m b mk cy bcd cmp d c gy. REFERENCES Ep Evm Agcy, (2017). Fcg b dp cm cg. Ep U. Avb : p:// Mzz, G. (2016). T gwg cy. Sm cy d pv pg. Fd P. d: p:// / Avb p:// Pp, R., Gd A., Vg Mj, M.C., S, E.. (2015). Ep c dg w cm. Id d b mg c pcc. Tm. J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 8 (Spc I ECCA 2015), d: p://dx.d.g/ / /3658 P, J. (2016). Mp Gvc: A Fmwk Cpcy Am. Dc Gc ü I Zmmb. Avb : p://b.g/bk/mp-gvc--mwk-cpcy-m-gdc--d-bx/#pkg_119840_587d981d TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

16 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg 03 METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) REVIEW PAGES: LAWS LAURA RUSSO TMALb - Uvà dg Sd d Np Fdc II, Iy -m:.@. URBAN PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE IN EUROPEAN METROPOLITAN AREAS Ep c v b cg vy cmc, vm, c d dmgpc cg dg c y, pcy b. I, d, cmc gw dv p xp b dcd, d, Ep c gvm v pdd cc, wc md d dcd m c. T, my c cmc cy bcm mc g dmv cy. W dd d c, pbc py pd d m g wy bd dymm pv c (Tc, 2011). I cx, gbz mv wd, Ep c v b yg mdz gvm c d p gz d pm gw d v. Hc, w gvc md c p v v mgd gg b pg g d dc-mkg pc (B & P, 2013). T ccp d mp c ( g) w b bd cd. I pc, yp b Mp c cc d, w mp, m cy d m dg w cczd by c cmc d c dpdc, wc, wv, byd jdc dvd mcp gvm (Cv & Scc, 2017). I g, d Ep S v pmd m d, ccdg dy by Tm M I (2009), cgd by Ep U, g w bcm m c Ep g pc, mg pm dvpm cmpv w mg c. T, TMA c d gz d gvc md Ep c: Iy, wc cy cgd dmv c dcg mp c; Fc, wc gzd cc dcg mb g m wy-w, gg mp c; Gmy, w v mp g gd by M Cc Rg Pg bw 1997 d T d m m b cb, wc v b cd m, c b mgg cmc d c gw, dc pbc c d pm m qy c TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

17 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg URBAN PLANNING & GOVERNANCE IN ITALY I Mp C w dcd by Lw 142/1990, wc dd b T, M, Vc, G, Bg, Fz, Rm, B, d Np d v bcm mp c. Hwv, gv pv v b y pp v wy y bc bccy d pc mp (P, S). Oy 2014, w Lw 56/2014 ( cd D Lw) mp c bcm cv, d by Jy 2016, y bcm pv. I dd mp c dd by D Lw, v w mp c v b d bw 2016 d 2017: Rgg Cb, C, Pm, M d Cg. T, p w, Iy mp c, w dmv bd cpd m Pvc. Cv d Scc (2017) g D m d m bjcv: (1), md c cm d vg, wy ppd cc mg Pvc d Mp c d cv y ; (2) cd, w d pm -mcp cp m gvc ppc md v bw Mcp d Rg ; (3) d, w cd Mp c y c gy d by Pvc b w ccg c, vc d d. Nv, v v mgd c w b ppvd, pcy w gd d g dd by Cv d Scc (2017). I pc, ck pcy vvd db cmpc mg g, mp c d mcp. Idd, d vp, wg dw mpwm mp c. A c xmp mbgy dv cc dp mp g p p. Accdg Lw 56/2014, mp c d dvp d dp w b pg, b c p pcd Lw, wc gv pby wy I g, ccdg pcc pg g. T yp dmv gz vby dc pw mp c d c. A cc b mp c dg m. By pcg m pvc, dd, mp c v cc pvc bdg, wc b vy c dg y; m m, mb gc cmpc mp c cd, bgg g d dd d. T b by ddd by Ep Cmm 2015 w dp N Op Pgmm (PON) Mp c 2014/2020. T bdg pgm I mp c m b 893 m. T pgm w b mwk Ep Ub Agd d m gg bg b by vg mdz pbc vc w mpvg c c, pcy ddvg. T pgm c py x: (1) dg mp gd; (2) by vc d b mby; (3) pbc vc c c; (4) c c c. Bd m, pgm d gp xpcd cd wg: (1) gdg dg gd, g pvdg 70% mp cz w dg cv vc; (2) gdg b by, PON m mdz gg ym, dcg ccy cmp pbc gg by 8.8%, c cycg d mb pg pbc p ym; (3) gdg c c, bjcv c d v v w d pm ddvgd m TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

18 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg URBAN PLANNING & GOVERNANCE IN FRANCE A w mp Fc gzd dm, dcg mb g m wy-w dw. A m db, c, cg, d mc g cgpy, 13- g v w dpd by Ambé N w bcm Pm Fc w c Jy 2016 w m mpy bccy d v c. T Fc dcd y d cd d dv c m cvy. W Fc g d d gv y y d w w w y d dd v cdb dcy pw v c d p pdg dc, m, pbc, v d c, mpym, d c b. T w mp mgg wg g: Ac, L d Cmpg-Ad; Nd-P-d-C d Pcdy; Bgdy d Fc-Cmé; Upp Nmdy d Lw Nmdy; Rô-Ap d Avg; Md-Pyéé d Lgdc-R; Aq, Lm d P-C. Ad x cgd g: By; Cc; I-d-Fc; C; Py d L; Pvc-Ap-Cô d'az. T w m pcp bd Fc m: () mpy dmv gz by gg cp g/-mcp gpg xp c cp (d m Fc Rv), dpm/mcpy ( w v d dpp); (b) cy cmpc bw v c gvm w pcc, vdg dpc d zg pbc pdg. Fm, T Fc gvm wd gv g "Ep z" d cmp w Ep gb. T dwg, dd, cd z Fc g, wc w gy m g EU mmb. F Fc g p 50 m-ppd g Ep, cdg Cmpg-Pcd, Nmdy, Ac-L d C-P-Lm. Ly, m m gv w mp cmc dvpm d dd cg b d cv gw, yg mp c d g w m v. T mp m cd v gc mpc g-m GDP gw mpmd cvy w cg md y cd dm mpc (OECD, 2014) TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

19 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg URBAN PLANNING & GOVERNANCE IN GERMANY Gmy v mp g, v wc w dd by Sdg Cc Fd d S M Rpb Sp Pg 1997 B/Bdbg, Hmbg, Mc, R-R, R-M, Sg d H/Lpzg-Sx Tg d wc w ddd 2005 Nmbg, Hv, Bm d R-Nck Tg. Accdg Gm Fd Oc Bdg d Rg Pg (BBR) d Gm Fd My Tp, Bdg d Ub A (2006), mp g pmy g-dy b ggm w 1 m b. Ty p d c c w pm c xd byd bd d m dvg c bd c, cmc, c d c dvpm. A pd dcm Ccp d Sg Sp Dvpm Gmy (BBR, 2006), m c cc c p c d cpv cv v Gm mp g: cc pc d cmc c pw d c w cp d m; g dy cc d c bm d pc g-qy c c d cv vm; gd ccby pvdd by g-qy - p c d my d vd p xcg gd, kwdg d m; g dg gcc c, pc, c d b dvpm m d cpdg p. REFERENCES Cv, S., & Scc, L. (2017). Izg Mp c Iy. Scc d m cc, mpyg ppc. Ub Rc & Pcc, p://dx.d.g/ / B, A., & P, G. (2013). Ep g m c. Tm. J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 6(1), d:p://dx.d.g/ / /1455 BBR Fd Oc Bdg d Rg Pg & Fd My Tp, Bdg d Ub A (2006). Ccp d Sg Sp Dvpm Gmy. Sc Sdg Cc M pb Sp Pg, Fd My Tp, Bdg d Ub A, B. OECD (2014). Fc. Sc m: mpc gw d p. OECD Pbg. Tc, I. (2011). Gvc cg d md c mw. I pp b Ep Cmm-DG Rg Pcy. Bdp: Mp Rc I. Jczk, P. (2008). Ep Mp Rg Gmy: w p pg gy Ep. Kmm-d gwcc Ab (KA), 16. IMAGE SOURCES Fg. 1 p://cmm.wkmd.g/wk/f:fg Ep.vg; Fg. 2 p://pxby.cm//p/y%20g/; Fg. 3 p://.wkpd.g/wk/f:fg Fc.vg; Fg. 4 p://.wkpd.g/wk/f:fg Gmy.vg TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

20 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg 04 METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) REVIEW PAGES: URBAN PRACTICES GENNARO ANGIELLO TMALb Uvà dg Sd d Np Fdc II, Iy -m: g.g@. I mb PLANNING FOR BIKE SHARING: TWO CASE STUDIES IN THE U.S. Sb mby pg, vy w ppc p pg, q mpm pcy m pdc md wd -mzd m p c wkg d cycg (B, 2008; M., 2013). Cycg, pc, mb vm d b, d p d cp p p -dc p b (F d Lck, 2011). Accdgy, c y, p p d pcy mk v cd mc pmg bcyc b v v c (P Cd, 2015). O wy wc c c k cpz b cd w c bcyc by mpmg bk g cm (BSS) c m bcyc b. Typcy BSS vv pv p bcyc c wk gcy pd bk g, wc c b ccd by d yp -m, wg p--p jy (Mdd, 2015). By ddg g, mc, d c pkg pc bcyc wp, BSS c cg cycg mg w my w bcyc. Addy, vby g mb bcyc mp d, by c qy c c wk-c, cgg cycg d, m pccy, pbc bk-g g p (Pk., 2013). BSS v xd m y y b y dcd y v gcy gw pvc d ppy cd v 800 c c wd d gb xcdg 900,000 bcyc (Mdd, 2015). Tcgc dvc, c bk ckg, pwg, cmmcg d - ppg, v pd m bk-g m p y. I Ud S, bk g dy cd y-v-y, m ym ym I dd, 80% ym v b p m y v xpdd c y cd (NACTO, 2016). A mb U.S. c, c D, Nw Hv, d Nw O, v cd vd pg c ym, d my xg ym g mj xp. T xp d dc bk g ym c Ud S pd my c mvg bk wd zg p gd, w-c p cy p ym. T cb p w v U.S. c d w BSS v b ccy mpmd c y: ) L Ag d ) Pdp TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

21 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg LOS ANGELES T Cy L Ag m pp cy b Ud S d C. W v 10 m b, cy m m -q C d d m cy dv c U.S.. Dp p c-d cy, L Ag (d cy) md g vm c dcd mpv c-x pbc p ym. T cy w wk y 200 b d x, w xv g cmm ym, my pd by L Ag Cy Mp Tp Ay, kw M. I 2016, M cd M Bk S, g bk pgm b b md bg bk m c w L.A. Cy. I pc, pg dcm Rg Bk Impm P v bk ym ccb L Ag Cy d, d, wk d v, d g w xg M vc mpv by, ccy d M p ym. T P v p bk ym 99 dww L.A., mpmd w p, d xp p, cmpg 155 g cmm. F g mk M Bk S pcy g c dy: Ig w pbc p ym. N y q g dmv p, M Bk S pp b g ccby. Idd, U.S. g g bk pgm g, dcg bk cmp, cmpm,. A M Bk S wb, cm c g cd d M bk, g m cd d M b d. ccmpd by d bdg, vc d md. Ig Eqy cd. A p qy ppcv m p. F cd Dww L Ag, M pmd y my pp w q-m d -m d bk, g pcd gbd d w-cm d d c kd y c g ym g v. Pbc ggm. M d cy L Ag wkd cy w dww L.A. cmmy kd, kg cd cwdcd pbc p c c w b cc pp ky gbd d. Spc cd w gv c cd b cc mm, b, c,, mpym, d d b. T dvpm Bk Sby Idx. I d dy m c c bcyc, F & P, p c ppd M dvpm p, dvpd Rg Bk Sby Idx. T dx bd cmb bc vb cd w g bk dp. Igg dx w c c, pc d cmmy pp d kd p xp cmm. F & P yzd c dmgpc d b vm ccc dp v bd bk ym d ppd g g md m TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

22 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg dp wk ppd Dww L Ag, Pd, d S Mc. Cmpg g dp v m w pg ccc bd bk ym md cmmd dd mb bk d dck pp bk dmd. PHILADELPHIA Pdp g cy Cmmw Pyv d -m pp cy Ud S, w md pp 1,567,442 d m 6 m v-g mp c, Pdp cdd b m bk-dy c U.S. w ddcd bk cy, dd m d gwg mb bcyc cmm. I pg 2015, Pdp cd Idg, cy bk g pgmm. Bd dg 2009 bk by dy, Cy Pdp wkd bd pp d dg bk g ym. A Bk S Wkg Gp w md v b md d dvp b b p. T Wkg Gp cd Cy Pdp My Oc Tp d U, Bcyc C G Pdp, Dw Vy Rg Pg Cmm d Pyv Evm Cc. I 2013, Wkg Gp dvpd Bk S B P. T p xm p cc ppd bk pgm Pdp. I cd cmpv pg-v y bk ccp w xpg ky cy c bk- c d pby w pbc ky c p cc ym. T pgm vd Pdp dpym ppxmy 1,750 bcyc dd c w b dvpd xb wy, ccdg p. Ky Pdp bk g pgmm c mmzd w: A c d g d bjcv. Accdg b p, Pdp bk ym w b w m pbc p Pdp, y d, vmy dy, db, d cy b p. Bk w b mp p cy gd pbc p wk, ccg cmm m d c cy. T d ky pmc m. T pp pmc mm pvd kd d pbc c d cc wy m cv Pdp bk pgm. A m v b dvpd w v mwk pgm v, g, d bjcv. Ec bjcv m pmc mm c b ckd v m. T m c b gpd m dm: ) P Mby; ) Lvby & Ecmc Cmpv; ) H & Sy d v) Fc & Tpcy. T dvpm d b p. Pdp bk ym b dvpd b cy -c ym q pg bdy dd cp dg m Cy Pdp. F, p d cy c pg TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

23 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg v g m c: mmbp, g, d dvg. I d pjc v m mmbp d g, v md w cd d mk y w pmd d b pb p v bk g Pdp. I d cv, w cc ckwdg b xpc bk c w pcc v dmd p Pdp. I dd, w mp dy c c ky c cm Pdp bk pgm, cdg cm, pgpy, dmgpc (pp gp), md p, d c. REFERENCES B, D. (2008). T b mby pdgm. Tp Pcy, 15(2), d: p://d.g/ /j.p F & P (2015). Rg Bk Impm P L Ag Cy. Avb : p://ckp.cy.g/dc/2015/ _mc pd F, S. D., & Lck, K. (2011). Cycg p d pbc : ymc vw c vm cycg. T Ep J Pbc H, 21(6), d: p://d.g/ /pb/ckq145 Mdd, R. (2015). T Bk Sg Wd-2014-Y Ed D. Avb : p://bk-g.bgp./2015/01/bk-g-wd-2014-y-d.m M, V. G., Wj, M., V B, E., Wz, I., D Rv, M., & Sv, L. (2013). Twd gy-b c. TMA J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 6(1), d: p://d.g/ / /1496 NACTO - N Ac Cy Tp Oc (2016). Bk S US: Avb : p://c.g/bk--c-2016/ Pk, S. D., Md, G., S, S. A., & C, A. P. (2013). Uddg d pbc bkg ym: vdc m Ep d N Amc. J Tp Ggpy, 31, d: p://d.g/ /j.jg P, F., & Cd, S. (2015). Cyc Sby. Tm. J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 8(1), d: p://dx.d.g/ / /2921. S, S. A., M, E. W., C, A. P., C, N. D., & Pgdzk, M. (2014). Pbc Bkg N Amc Dg Pd Rpd Exp: Uddg B Md, Idy Td & U Impc. MTI Rp Avb : p://cwk.j.d/m_pbc/71/. T Dg Gp, LLC & Fq ITP (2013). Pdp Bk S Sgc P. Avb : p:// IMAGE SOURCES T mg w pg m p:// dbbb.cm/; mg w cd pg m: p://ccdg.cm; mg w d pg m p://vpy.cm TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

24 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg 05 METHODS, TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES TO INCREASE THE CAPACITY OF URBAN SYSTEMS TO ADAPT TO NATURAL AND MAN-MADE CHANGES 1(2017) REVIEW PAGES: NEWS AND EVENTS ANDREA TULISI TMALb Uvà dg Sd d Np Fdc II, Iy -m: d.@. I mb GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AS DUAL-USE SYSTEM FOR ADAPTIVE PLANNING Rpd bz d pd gw b c v b ccmpd by pd gw gy vb cmm, my wc d g k m xm w. T g cmpxy b c, g w xpcg gv mpc cm cg, bg g d dcv y c g cpcy vk ymc dp b d d. I c cgy d w pby pp cm cg dp v cv cy gvm g g g ddg cmpx dpd ym cy. Nv, m m y c pcc d cmc dcy c gvm vg pvv c dqy ddg cy d mgcy p d w c cmc d pc. I pp Twd Iy Sc d R Sc Aby & Fk (2005) d g ppcv ppg ccp d- ym. I v b ym d b dgd by mpmg d- cg c b v cpd d v cc. I ppcv g c cd p c d- ym dpv pg. I c, d, mpm g c p m ky g md xpcd c xm pcp (Z., 2016) mp (Gg., 2016; S & Yk 2016); w, p mp cb mpvg m d qy, wg gy dmd, xpdg wd b d c pc, d v cg d-v (F., 2011). T, g c ppc p cv d g v g cm, dd cm dp. I ppcv, v g c c b ccd m b, by cmpg c g pcc d c v, v vdd dmg, mk pc c v, k ppy v. G c b gy c b dvdd v cg vm pc: d-v; qy ; TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

25 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg pbc ; zd mg; gy cmpc; F, g cg d c d b mpmd by cdg cmpv ccg mp b. T cd cc p v pyg d md dd g c d mp- cgy pg cg c v c. GRAY TO GREEN CONFERENCE W: T, Cd W: 8-10 My 2017 p://gygcc.g/ T m cc pc qyg g c pmc ; m yzg d qyg my b vg vg g c c b, g d w by xpg pmc, cmc v, dg, pcy, d cgy. Gy G cc cd d cv, k wkp, dg wkg v, d p T pjc c T' w G S Gd d Pvc O' w Smw Dg Gd. T c cc w b x q wkp gzd wg ck: g R P Exm; g W 101: Sym Ovvw & Dg; w Ppy Cc Lw Impc Dvpm Smw Mgm Pcc; gd W Mgm Bdg & S; dc Rp Ub Agc; gg Id Vgb d Mdc Cp Pdc d Lvg W. A g v G Ic C: A -dy G Ic Dg C w m-dcpy v kd dg pcc gbd d, w 15 gc yp g c. RESILIENCE 2017: RESILIENCE FRONTERS FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY W: Sckm, Swd W: Ag 2017 p://c2017.g/ T Apc ppd pc dg m bgg gc m mpc E' ggy. Bd, Rc 2017 cc d dc c ky bp-bd by cc, mg dc c. A m c w b gb by, wc dy cd by pd, c d ccvy Apc. A c kg ppc vg w cg ym pp d ccgc ym c b b mgd b d ppy cym vc wc my dpd TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

26 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg Ud d cc w b cd mj m: c-cgc m by; ccvy d c-c dymc Apc; m-v gvc d bp wdp; ppc d md ddg c-cgc ym dymc. EUGIC 2017 W: Bdp, Hgy W: Nvmb 2017 p://gc.v/ EUGIC 2017 cc pvd m cmg g c, pcy d pcc b g c -bd c. I w xp w b c ddg cm cg d bdvy, mgg w, qy d gy, d dgg d wbg by wkg w. T cc gzd d. S 3, cd Ky Ub G Ic Dc, p c cc d w b cd wg m ck: G Ic Fbc Ep: EUGIC V; mpmd G Ic Pjc; w d w v G Ic b m?; w c w m c?. ICUGSPHEJ 2017: 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON URBAN GREEN SPACE, PUBLIC HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE W: Ib, Tky W: Dcmb 2017 p:// c--pp T cc w bg g dg cdmc c, c d c m d wd, cg db m pc Ub G Spc, Pbc H, d Evm Jc. T cc pp g m pcc pc bm; pc c g c b pg dcd my pc, dg mp c b g d d p w b ym m pcy ccd w b k pc. T wg j w xmp vy c : g Ic d Rwb Egy; g Ic d Ub Fdg; g Ic d W Mgm; g Ic Cy; g Ic Ub Cm Adp; g Ic Ub Ld U; g Ic: Pg Sb d R Ub Evm TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

27 Rvw Pg Md, d b pcc c cpcy b ym dp d m-md cg ICGIUR 2018 : 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR URBAN RESILIENCY W: Ld, UK W: Ap 2018 p:// G Ic cdd m wdy ppcb, cmcy vb d cv cmb mpc cm cg d p pp dp mg dv c cm cg. I c T Ld U, Ld U Cg d Fy (LULUCF) dd d UNFCCC B Ac P Ky Pc, cg G Ic v gc d y c v pv c cb ck d g g bc Mmb S, pg p EU cm pc pcc. T g c b d c, g cm cg d k, g p EU pcy d k mgm. Bd pm cc pvd pm dcpy pm c, pc d dc p d dc m c v, d, d cc w pcc cg cd d dpd d G Ic Ub Rcy. REFERENCES Aby, B. & Fk, J. (2005). Twd Iy Sc d R Sc. Scc 309 (5737), p d: /cc F, J., Lw, A., & Wkm, S. (2011). T v g c b cm dp. C C A Pcy, 750. p://c.g//rc/g_b_cm_dp.pd Gg, C., T, A., & Zc, F. (2016). Sm g gy vg: c d b m. ACE: Acc, Cy Ad Evm, v. 11, p d: /c S, K., & Yk, A. (2016). G Ic d cm cg dp. Tm. J Ld U, Mby d Evm, 9 (1), p d: / /3723 Z, M., My, D., M, E., & Gzz-M, M. (2016). Expg c g c pcm gbd-v dg v py xpc m. Cmp, Evm d Ub Sym, 59, p d: /j.cmpvby IMAGE SOURCES T mg w pg k m: p://ym.//cym-vc-ppc--b--pg/ TMA J Ld U Mby d Evm 1 (2017)

28 AUTHORS PROFILES AUTHORS PROFILES G Ag Eg, P.D. d Cv Sym Egg Fdc II Uvy Np. H c d ccby y d mdg, d- d p c d b mby. H cy vvd c pjc Sm Egy M d COST Ac TU1002 ccby Im Pg Pcc Ep. Gd Cp Eg, gdd Evm d T Egg Uvy Np Fdc II w pcz gvc b d m. Sc 2014 b PD d Cv Sym Egg Dpm Cv, Bdg d Evm Egg Uvy Np Fdc II. I Jy 2013 w cp w PRIN pjc Impc mby pc b mby, vm d ppy mk. Sc 2011 p UISP (I U Sp ) Fm Cv Iy. I Dcmb 2012 d cbg w TMA Lb. L R Eg, P.D. d Cv Sym Egg Uvy Np Fdc II. S cvd m dg Acc d Bdg Egg w b xp d pw pm, w pc Cmp. M R Tm Eg, P.D. d Cv Sym Egg Uvy Np Fdc II. S cvd m dg Acc d Bdg Egg w b mby Ep c. I 2014, w g p-m dc d c w Pjc Sm Egy M Dpm Cv Egg, Bdg d Evm Egg, Uvy Np Fdc II. I 2015, bd 2d v pgd M dg Mcp Pg Uvy Np Fdc II. Ad T Acc, gdd Acc m Uvy Fdc II Np I Jy 2014 d PD Evm Tcgy w c c b g m-cd pc Cmpc Cy. H cy vvd w pjc Sm Egy M w DICEA dpm Uvy Np Fdc II; c cvy cd k bw b p pc d gy cmp.