International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations

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1 Iteatoal Joal of Idtal Egeeg Coptato (200) Cotet lt avalable at GowgScece Iteatoal Joal of Idtal Egeeg Coptato hoepage: A epcal tdy of Iaa egoal apot g obt data evelopet aaly Ead Roghaa a * ad A Foogh b a Depatet of Idtal Egeeg, K. N. Too Uvety of Techology, Teha, Ia b Ilac Azad Uvety of Naagh Bach, Naagh Ia A R T I C L E I N F O Atcle htoy: Receved Feb 200 Receved eved fo 20 Mach 200 Accepted Apl 200 Avalable ole 7 Apl 200 Keywod: Robt Optzato, DEA, Effcecy Apot Tapotato Ecooc Scale A B S T R A C T Data Evelopet Aaly (DEA) ha bee oe of the ot potat tool o eag the elatve effcecy of dffeet la t ch a tapotato yte g teal, apot, etc. I th tdy, we pefo a epcal aaly o Iaa apot baed o DEA ethod to eae the effcece of vao apot. Oe of the pay e o ay tadtoal DEA ethod that the data ae alot alway cotaated wth oe. We e a DEA ethod whch cold hadle the cetaty aocated wth pt ad otpt data. The elt of th copeheve tdy how that ot of the actve ale ae pactcally effcet ad the goveet cold gfcatly ceae the effcece of the apot by ettg ew eglato ad le. 200 Gowg Scece Ltd. All ght eeved.. Itodcto DEA ha becoe oe of the ot potat techqe o eag the elatve effcecy of dffeet t epecally whe the t do ot geeate ay poft (W et al. 200; Pla et al. 200). Thee ae lteally gfcat be of evdece whe poft ot the pay goal of a gop of ogazato ch a goveetal chool, Apot tat, etc. Theefoe, oe ay wh to et oe taget to eae the elatve effcece of thee t ad oto the taget g DEA techqe. A tadtoal ethod to eae the elatve effcecy the dect pleetato of DEA ethod. The ethod e oe pt ad otpt ad eae the dal vaable aocated wth all pt/otpt. Sak (200) beleved to be the ft oe who e DEA fo 44 apot Uted State fo a fve yea peod ad povde good bechak fo otog ad povg the weak ale. Mat ad Roa (200) e DEA to eae the pefoace of 37 ao Spah apot g thee pt of the be of eployee, the captal ad the fxed aet. They alo code the be of flght, the be of paege ad the et coe a the otpt of the odel. They alo pefo a etvty aaly g two appoache of cotat et to cale ad vaable et to cale (Bake, 984). Feade ad Pacheco (2002) aalyze the capacty of 35 llo apot faclte Bazl g DEA ethod ode to fd the effcecy of povdg paege evce. L ad Hog (2006) e DEA fo eag the elatve effcecy of ao teatoal apot. I the DEA pleetato, they e fve pt of the be of eployee, the ladg bad legth, the pakg ze, the ale tato ad the teal pace. Ug the thee otpt of the be of paege, the cago ad be of tp, they pleet DEA ad extact the akg of vao ale fo gop. Teg, et al. (2008) pefo a copeheve tdy o the pefoace evalato of ao teatoal apot the wold. Wag et al. (2004) pefo la tdy o Tawa apot. Bao (2008) alo e DEA fo dffeet apot Ageta ad aalyze the elt ecooc c. Pel et al. (2003) exae the pefoace of the Eopea ale g DEA ad epot that the ale ae otly effcet. La et al. (2009) aalyze dffeet deo of opeatoal effcece ao Aa Pacfc apot thogh DEA odel whch ae * Coepodg atho. Tel./fax: E-al addee: a.foogh@gal.co (A. Foogh), 200 Gowg Scece Ltd. All ght eeved. do: /.ec

2 66 ed fo exteal acoecooc ad pce facto ad they epot that techcal, cale ad x effcece ae hgh aog the ao Aa Pacfc apot. DEA alo ca be ed a a effcet tool fo eag the total facto podctvty (TFP). Yohda ad Foto (2004) e DEA fo eag the elatve effcecy of Japaee apot ad epot TFP g edogeo-weght TFP ethod ad dc whethe thee ay ove-vetet Japaee egoal apot. Thee ae alo othe vey baed techqe fo evalatg the pefoace of dffeet apot. Yeh ad Ko (2003), fo tace, e fzzy lt-attbte deco akg techqe to evalate paege evce qalty of 4 ao Aa-Pacfc teatoal apot g dffeet vey. The pay coce o the ethod the extece of oe o the data ad th cold pact the elt of the elatve effcece. Tadtoal DEA oally folated a lea pogag poble ad t ca be olved fo optalty g a dect pleetato of Splex ethod. The ate of cetaty ofte ot clea ad thee ot ch foato abot the behavo of the oe. Oe ple apto ay ofte hold wth cetaty that the data ha yetc kow dtbto. Th the bac apto of obt optzato techqe developed by ay cett. See Beta ad S (2004) to lea oe abot cetaty ad obt optzato bt oe potat e the effect of cetaty o the otpt elt o a egla lea pogag poble. Be-Tal ad Neovk how that a all chage o oe bechak lea pogag poble cold geeate oe elt whch ae ethe feable o optal. They alo popoe a ew techqe baed o ecet obt optzato ethodologe whch cold e the otpt elt fo the feablty by log oe of the optalty. The obt ethod of Be- Tal ad Neovk baed o havg a cotepat whch apped de the feable ego. Theefoe, the obt techqe chage the tcte of a oday lea poble to a olea poble. Beta ad S (2004) popoe a ew obt optzato techqe whee the tcte of the ew obt poble the ae a the ogal oe, e.g. the cae of DEA, the obt optzato odel folated a a lea pogag poble. Note that the obt olto fo Beta ad S' ethod ae ally le coevatve tha Beta ethod. Sadad ad Oa (2009, 200) ae beleved to be the ft who e the dea of obt optzato o the cotext of DEA. They exae dffeet obt optzato techqe o tadtoal DEA ad epot oe pog elt o vao electcty ad telecocato eglate. I th pape, we pefo a epcal aaly o RDEA fo Iaa egoal apot ad dc the elt dffeet tato. Th pape ogazed a follow. We ft peet the poble tateet of the RDEA. The pleetato of o RDEA peeted the ext ecto ad we caeflly aalyze the elt g DEA ad RDEA ad dc the dffeece g oe tattcal tet. 2. Poble tateet Let x be the pt fo a deco t wth =,, ad ad v be the dal vaable aocated wth x ad folated a follow, y be the otpt wth,, ad =,,. Let y, epectvely. The cotat to cale DEA odel ax bect to z = = = v x y v x y..., v 0, =,..., () Model () the ba of tadtoal DEA ad t olved te to detee the elatve effcece of vao t. Howeve, ce () olea tcte, Chale et al. (983) gget a ple odfcato of the obectve fcto to plfy the tcte of the elted poble a follow,

3 67 ax bect to z = = = v x v y y x. =.., v 0, =,..., Note that the ft cotat alo becoe lea g a ple aplato. Poble (2) ha bee wdely ed fo the pat thee decade ad the elt ae cooly accepted a a tool to eae the elatve effcecy of dffeet t. Howeve, whe thee cetaty wth the pt ad the otpt, oe ay e dffeet techqe to ake e that a all chage o pt/otpt data doe ot chage the otpt akg. 3. Robt optzato Code a lea pogag poble of the followg fo, c w bect to Aw = b, (3) w 0, whee w R the vecto of kow vaable, A R ad bect to cetaty. Theefoe (3) ca be efolated a follow, b R ad (2) c R. Let A ad c ae c ~ w ~ bect to A w = b, (4) w 0, ~ whee ~ deote the cetaty wth A = [ a ~ ]. The obt optzato appoach peeted by Beta ad S (2004) covet (4) to the followg poble, c w bect to a w Γ p q p + q y p, q w R w 0,, J ea y y 0,,,, (5) whee Γ detee the cetaty aocated wth each pt paaete. Whe Γ = 0 thee o cetaty. A Γ ceae, the cetaty alo ceae. The e alo the vecto of ceta vale. The DEA odel ogally developed by Chae et al. (983) a follow,

4 68 (CCR) ax z = ~ y ~ y bect to. v ~ x = = v ~ x. =., v 0, =,..., whee ~ x ad ~ y ae the ceta pt ad otpt whch ae aocated wth x ad y, epectvely. I (6) each ceta paaete le a teval of cetaty. Applyg (5) to (6) yeld, (6) (RCCR)ax Z bect to = v x. =, y. z Γ. p. q J. 0, y. y Γ p q 0, =,..., = J (7),, 0,, 0. v Poble (7) lea pogag poble whee e a vecto of ceta vale, Γ the bdget of cetaty, p ad q ae ew dy o-egatve vaable aocated wth ceta paaete (6). A we explaed eale, thee ae two advatage aocated wth Beta ad S' obt odel. Ft, the obt DEA tll lea the tcte althogh we eed to add oe addtoal axlay vaable. Secod, Γ adt the cetaty aocated wth all paaete. Next ecto, we exae two odel (2) ad (7) ad copae the elt g oe tattcal techqe. 4. Expeetal Relt I th ecto, we peet the pleetato of the popoed RDEA. I Ia, all doetc ad teatoal apot ae aaged by the goveet ad pvatzato ha ot pleeted to th dty yet. Althogh oe the aageet of all pat of the apot ae pvatzed bt the actal pvatzato of the apot ha ot appeaed. Thee ae ay eao behd the goveet deco ad oe of the ot potat oe the key eleet the ecty. Fo the pat thee decade, the Iaa apot have eve had ay hgh-ack expeece. Althogh ecty play a key ole o apot dty, havg a effcet apot alo a goal fo the goveet. The goveet bde the apot dty gfcatly by povdg low pce fel ad othe evce. Howeve, the ew eglato ha eqeted all Iaa dte to ceae the TFP gfcatly. I fact, the ew eglato ple to ceae the gowth doetc podct by eght pecet pe yea ad oe thd of th gowth t coe fo the ceae podctvty. Oe pactcal way to ceae the podctvty to ceae the effcecy of apot dty. I Ia, thee ae ove 57 dffeet apot bt ot of the ae alot actve ad thee ae vey few egla flght. Theefoe, we decded to chooe 2 actve apot to povde a eagfl copao. Table how the pt ad the otpt ed fo o DEA pleetato.

5 69 Table The pt ad the otpt of RDEA odel Ttle Decpto Mea Std Nbe of Eployee S of the people who wok the apot Ipt Teal aea Aea of teal Legth of way Sface of the aphalt oad Otpt Nbe of oveet Flght of doetc & teatoal Nbe of Paege paege Aot of Cago Cago We ft e the egla DEA odel whee thee o cetaty aocated wth all pt paaete. A al, thee ae oe t wth the effcecy of oe ad we e the elaxato ethod gve by Adeo (2004) to ak the ot effcet t. The elt dcate that eghtee t e the teal pace vey effcetly. The othe obevato that oe of effcet apot tat cold e the bad legth optally. Fo tace, Shaz apot cold edce t bad legth p to 4490 ete. I te of the otpt paaete, aog thee otpt, ay ceae o the be of flght cold gfcatly affect the effcece of all o-podctve apot. Next, we e the RDEA odel to tdy the effect of the cetaty o akg of dffeet apot. Table 2 aze the elt of the pleetato of o cp ad obt DEA. The ft col of the table todce the ae of dffeet apot; the ecod col how the effcece of vao t. A we ca obeve Mehabad, Ia Khoe ad Ahvaz ae thee bet pefoe aog all 2 t. Note that Mehabad wa epoble fo all doetc ad teatoal flght ad dg the pat few yea, all teatoal flght fo Teha have bee exected fo Ia Khoe apot. I ode to ak the ft thee apot, we have ed the Adeo ad Peteo ethod (2004). The elt of o pleetato ae deotated the thd col of table 2 whee Mehabad how bette pefoace aog two othe bet pefoe. I ode to ee the effect of cetaty o the effcece of the 2 t, we have ed the popoed RDEA ethod. The elt ae exaed two dffeet ceao of e=0.05 ad e=0.. Whe the be of ceta paaete lage, oe ay e the followg, Γ = + Φ ( e ) ξ (8) whee ξ the be of ceta paaete ad Φ the CDF of a Gaa dtbto. Howeve, fo the cae of o popoed ethod ce thee ae oly 3 pt ad otpt ceta paaete we chooe Γ = 3 a ecoeded by Sadad ad Oa (2009). The foth ad the ffth col of the table (2) aze the elt of the effcece of all t. Obvoly, a the level of cetaty ceae, all t effcece deceae. Fo tace, Ahvaz apot kow a oe of the ot actve t cp odel bt o obt odel the effcecy edced to abot 82% whe the level of cetaty fo all pt paaete 0.. Oe potat pot of th eeach to tdy the effect of the oveall akg betwee the oal ad obt DEA ethod. We have et p a ll hypothe of havg the ae akg fo both ethod ad pefo a tattcal tet baed o Speaa Peao (Matz (98)) a follow, 2 6 d = d peaa =, (9) 2 ( )

6 70 d whee the be of t ad calclated a a dffeece betwee the akg of two ethod. Ug o the elt of table (2) yeld d peaa = whch ea, tattcally, thee o gfcat dffeece betwee the DEA ad RDEA akg. Table 2 The effcece of dffeet apot t ( DMU) AIRPORT CCR CCR A&P CCR e=0.05 CCR e=0. Mehabad Ia Khoe Ahvaz Mahad Shaz Ifaha Raht Bad Badaaba Keahah Kea Goga Adabl Tabz Zaheda Laeta Boheh Ooeh Sa Yazd Abada Oe of the ot potat e o the pleetato of DEA to tdy the effect of a patcla pt o otpt o oveall effcece of each t. I othe wod, oe gle pt ay have gfcat flece of a t bt th facto ay ot ecealy play a potat ole o othe t. We have DEA ethod by deletg a gle pt o otpt each te. Sce thee ae thee pt, thee otpt ad 2 t, we eed to 26 b-poble. We have alo tded the effect of all x the pt ad the otpt o effcece of the effcece. Oe potat obevato that, aog x facto, oly cago wa the ot flecg paaete fo Mehabad t whch cold edce the effcecy fo oe to whch a gfcat

7 edcto of The flece of the othe facto wa ot a gfcat a the cago oe ad ot epoted hee. 5. Coclo I th pape, we have exaed data evelopet aaly fo ao Iaa apot to eae the elatve effcece of vao apot. The elt of o popoed ethod dcate that thee ay oly a few apot g effcetly ad ot of the Iaa apot ae ecoocally effcet. The two ao apot, Ia Khoe ad Mehabad, located ea the captal cty of Ia ae deteed to be the ot effcet t. Howeve, the elatve effcece of ot of the othe apot located dffeet ego of Ia ae le tha 50 pecet. Sce the pt/otpt data ed th tdy ay be bect to cetaty, we have ed a obt techqe to eae the elatve effcece. The tattcal tet dcate that the elt of akg of the obt optzato ethod ae the ae a the cp odel. 7 Ackowledget The atho wold lke to thak the offcal of the Iaa apot copay ad the tapotato eeach ttte of ty of oad ad tapotato of Ia fo povdg the eceay foato eeded fo th poect. Alo, the atho wold lke to thak the aoyo efeee fo the coet o the eale veo of th wok. Refeece Bake, R.D., Chae, A., Coope, W.W. (984). Soe odel fo the etato of techcal ad cale effcece Data Evelopet Aaly. Maageet Scece, 30, Adeo, T. (2004). Data Evelopet Aaly, Ecyclopeda of Ifoato Syte, Bao, C. P. (2008). Apot Ageta: Techcal effcecy the cotext of a ecooc c, Joal of A Tapot Maageet, 4, Be-Tal, A., Neovk, A. (999). Robt olto of ceta lea poga, Opeato Reeach Lette, 25 (), 3. Beta, D., Pachaaova, D., S, M. (2004). Robt lea optzato de geeal o. Opeato Reeach Lette, 32, Beta, D., S, M. (2004). The pce of obte. Opeato Reeach, 52 (), Chae, A., Coope, W.W., Rhode, E. (978). Meag the effcecy of deco akg t. Eopea Joal of Opeatoal Reeach, 2, Feade, E., Pacheco, R.R. (2002). Effcet e of apot capacty, Tapotato Reeach Pat A: Polcy ad Pactce, 36(3), L, L.C., Hog, C.H. (2006). Opeatoal pefoace evalato of teatoal ao apot: A applcato of data evelopet aaly, Joal of A Tapotato Maageet, 2, La, S.W., Low, J.M.W., Tag, L.C. (2009). Opeatoal effcece aco Aa Pacfc apot, Tapotato Reeach Pat E: Logtc ad Tapotato Revew, 45(4), Mat, J.C., Roa, C. (200). A applcato of DEA to eae the effcecy of Spah apot, Joal of A Tapotato Maageet, 7, Matz. J.S. (98). Dtbto-Fee Stattcal Method, Chapa & Hall. ISBN Pel, E., Nkap, P., Retveld, P. (2003). Ieffcece ad cale ecooe of Eopea apot opeato, Tapotato Reeach Pat E: Logtc ad Tapotato Revew, 39(5), Pla, M., Detotto, C. & Paba, A. (200). A vetgato to the elatohp betwee ze ad effcecy of the Itala hoptalty ecto: A wdow DEA appoach, 204(), Sadad, S.J., Oa, H. (2008). Data evelopet aaly wth ceta data: A applcato fo Iaa electcty dtbto copae, Eegy Polcy 36, Sadad, S.J., Oa, H. (2009). A boottapped obt data evelopet aaly odel fo effcecy etatg of telecocato copae Ia, Telecocato Polcy, I Pe. Sak, J. (2000). A aaly of the opeatoal effcecy of ao apot the Uted State, Joal of Opeato Maageet 8,

8 72 Teg, K. J., Ho, L.., L, Y. (2008). A tdy o the pefoace evalato of ao teatoal apot the wold. Joal of Modelg Maageet 3,7-8. Wag, R.T., Ho, C. T., Feg, C. M.,Yag, Y. K. (2004). A copaatve aaly of the opeatoal pefoace of Tawa ao apot, Joal of A Tapot Maageet 0, W, T-H., Che, M-S, Yeh, J-Y. (200). Meag the pefoace of polce foce Tawa g data evelopet aaly. Evalato ad Poga Plag, 33(3), Yeh, C. H., Ko, Y. L. (2003). Evalatg paege evce of Aa-Pacfc teatoal apot, Tapotato Reeach Pat E: Logtc ad Tapotato Revew, 39(), Yohda, Y., Foto, H. (2004). Japaee-apot bechakg wth DEA ad edogeo-weght TFP ethod: tetg the ctc of ove-vetet Japaee egoal apot, Tapotato Reeach pat E 40,