Speed and velocity. Objectives. Physics terms. Assessment. Speed versus velocity. Equations 5/15/14
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1 Speed and Objectives Describe one dimensional motion using equations for speed and. Analyze one dimensional motion using equations for speed and. Define and identify positive and negative velocities. 1. A swallow moves 8 meters in 5. seconds. What is its speed? What is its? How can the two be different? 2. Write an English sentence that means the same as this equation: Physics terms speed 3. Give an example of an object with positive and negative. Equations Speed versus The speed is the distance traveled divided by the time taken. The is the change in divided by Are speed and just two different words for the same thing? In everyday life you probably use the words speed and interchangeably. In physics class, speed and are related, but not exactly the same. 1
2 Exploring the ideas Click the interactive calculator on page 8 on speed. A car travels 3 meters in a trip that lasts 2. seconds. What is the car s speed? 3 2. Speed A car travels 3 meters in a trip that lasts 2. seconds. What is the car s speed? If you go a distance of 45 meters at a speed of 16 m/s, how long does this trip last? 15 m/s What variable are you solving for? Speed Click [Run] to see the car act out the meaning of the equation. If you go a distance of 45 meters at a speed of 16 m/s, how long does this trip last? 2.8 seconds A fox runs at a speed of 9.7 m/s for 12 seconds. How far does the fox run? Time 2
3 A fox runs at a speed of 9.7 m/s for 12 seconds. How far does the fox run? a).1 m/s 116 meters b) 1 m/s c) 1 m/s Distance d) 1 m/s e) 1 m/s a).1 m/s about.22 mph (1 cm/s), the tip of the second hand on your clock b) 1 m/s c) 1 m/s d) 1 m/s e) 1 m/s a).1 m/s about.22 mph (1 cm/s), the tip of the second hand on your clock b) 1 m/s 2.2 mph, a slow walk c) 1 m/s d) 1 m/s e) 1 m/s This is an excellent benchmark to remember! a).1 m/s about.22 mph (1 cm/s), the tip of the second hand on your clock b) 1 m/s 2.2 mph, a slow walk c) 1 m/s 22 mph, a brisk bike riding speed d) 1 m/s e) 1 m/s a).1 m/s about.22 mph (1 cm/s), the tip of the second hand on your clock b) 1 m/s 2.2 mph, a slow walk c) 1 m/s 22 mph, a brisk bike riding speed d) 1 m/s 22 mph, a supercar s top driving speed e) 1 m/s 3
4 a).1 m/s about.22 mph (1 cm/s), the tip of the second hand on your clock b) 1 m/s 2.2 mph, a slow walk c) 1 m/s 22 mph, a brisk bike riding speed d) 1 m/s 22 mph, a supercar s top driving speed e) 1 m/s 2,2 mph, about the F14 fighter jet s top speed Speed Distance is always positive. Time is always positive. Therefore, speed is always positive! So how do we tell the difference between moving backward and forward? speed Speed Distance is always positive. Time is always positive. speed The is defined as the change in divided by Therefore, speed is always positive! So how do we tell the difference between moving backward and forward? We need a new variable:! The is defined as the change in divided by The is defined as the change in divided by The symbol Δ translates to the change in. What does Δt mean? If x = then Δx means the change in. 4
5 The is defined as the change in divided by The is defined as the change in divided by What does Δt mean? If t = time then Δt means A change in, Δx, can be positive or negative. That means that can be positive or negative. Exploring the ideas The is defined as the change in divided by A change in, Δx, can be positive or negative. That means that can be positive or negative. Click the interactive calculator on page 8 on. Moving forward is a positive. Moving backward is a negative. The equation The equation A car starts at 3 m and finishes at 1 m in a trip that takes 2. seconds. A car starts at 3 m and finishes at 1 m in a trip that takes 2. seconds. Notice: The change in is 2 m. What is the car s? 2 2 Enter your initial and final values here Notice: The change in is 2 m. What is the car s? 1 m/s Click [Run] and see the car drive backwards
6 The equation The equation A car travels at 15 m/s. Four seconds after starting out, it is at a of 4 m. A car travels at 15 m/s. Four seconds after starting out, it is at a of 4 m. What is the car s change in? Where did the car start from? 15 Change in What is the car s change in? 6 m Where did the car start from? 2 m 15 Change in The change in What is the change in? The change in What is the change in? The variable x stands for. Subscript i means initial and subscript f means final. Δx = x f x i = (8 m) (2 m) = 6 meters What is the if the change in time (Δt) is 2 seconds? What is the if the change in time (Δt) is 2 seconds? The is 3 m/s. 6
7 What if the person STARTS at 8 m and moves to the left? What if the person STARTS at 8 m and moves to the left? What is the if the change in time (Δt) is 2 seconds? What is the if the change in time (Δt) is 2 seconds? The man is heading in the negative direction so he has a negative. is a vector Can there be positive and negative? I need a volunteer to show me how. can have negative or positive values. The sign of the tells you the direction of motion. is a vector. A vector is a type of variable which includes directional information in a mathematically useful way. Can there be positive and negative? Can there be positive and negative? 7
8 Can there be negative and positive? I need a volunteer to show me how. Can there be negative and positive? Can there be negative and positive? Can there be negative and negative? I need a volunteer to show me how. Can there be negative and negative? Can there be positive and positive? I need a volunteer to show me how. 8
9 The terminology of motion Can there be positive and positive? Tell a story that illustrates how each picture relates to the meaning of each word. The terminology of motion 1. A swallow moves 8 meters in 5 seconds. What is its speed? What is its? How can the two be different? Tell a story that illustrates how each picture relates to the meaning of each word. For example: A hiker needs to go southwest on a map and this vector represents the hiker s movement. 1. A swallow moves 8 meters in 5 seconds. What is its speed? What is its? How can the two be different? The speed is 16 m/s. The could be either 16 m/s or 16 m/s depending on the bird s direction. 2. Write an English sentence that means the same as this equation: 1. A swallow moves 8 meters in 5 seconds. What is its speed? What is its? How can the two be different? The speed is 16 m/s. The could be either 16 m/s or 16 m/s depending on the bird s direction. 2. Write an English sentence that means the same as this equation: The is the change in divided by 9
10 3. Give an example of an object with positive and negative. 3. Give an example of an object with positive and negative. A person to the right of the origin but walking to the left would have a positive and negative. 1
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