Name: Class: Date: p 1 = p 2. Given m = 0.15 kg v i = 5.0 m/s v f = 3.0 m/s Solution

Transcription

1 Assessment Chapter Test A Teacher Notes and Answers Momentum and Collisions CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL) 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. c 5. a p i = 4.0 kg m/s p f = 4.0 kg m/s p = p f p i = ( 4.0 kg m/s) 4.0 kg m/s = 8.0 kg m/s 6. c 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. d 11. d 12. a 13. d 14. c 15. The bullet s momentum decreases as its speed decreases. 16. The student has the least momentum when dodging the opening door. 17. A small force can produce a large change in momentum if the force acts on an object for a long period of time. 18. zero 19. They have the same momentum. ( kg m/s) m 1 = 6160 kg v 1 = 3.00 m/s m 2 = 1540 kg v 2 = 12.0 m/s p 1 = m 1 v 1 = (6160 kg)(3.00 m/s) = kg m/s p 2 = m 2 v 2 = (1540 kg)(12.0 m/s) = kg m/s p 1 = p kg m/s m = 0.15 kg v i = 5.0 m/s v f = 3.0 m/s p = m(v f v i ) = (0.15 kg)( 3.0 m/s 5.0 m/s) = 1.2 kg m/s Holt Physics 1 Chapter Tests

2 Assessment Momentum and Collisions Chapter Test A MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. When comparing the momentum of two moving objects, which of the following is correct? a. The object with the higher velocity will have less momentum if the masses are equal. b. The more massive object will have less momentum if its velocity is greater. c. The less massive object will have less momentum if the velocities are the same. d. The more massive object will have less momentum if the velocities are the same. 2. A child with a mass of 23 kg rides a bike with a mass of 5.5 kg at a velocity of 4.5 m/s to the south. Compare the momentum of the child with the momentum of the bike. a. Both the child and the bike have the same momentum. b. The bike has a greater momentum than the child. c. The child has a greater momentum than the bike. d. Neither the child nor the bike has momentum. 3. A roller coaster climbs up a hill at 4 m/s and then zips down the hill at 30 m/s. The momentum of the roller coaster a. is greater up the hill than down the hill. b. is greater down the hill than up the hill. c. remains the same throughout the ride. d. is zero throughout the ride. 4. If a force is exerted on an object, which statement is true? a. A large force always produces a large change in the object s momentum. b. A large force produces a large change in the object s momentum only if the force is applied over a very short time interval. c. A small force applied over a long time interval can produce a large change in the object s momentum. d. A small force produces a large change in the object s momentum. Holt Physics 2 Chapter Tests

3 5. A ball with a momentum of 4.0 kg m/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without losing any kinetic energy. What is the change in the ball s momentum? a. 8.0 kg m/s c. 0.0 kg m/s b. 4.0 kg m/s d. 8.0 kg m/s 6. The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent to the body s change in a. velocity. c. momentum. b. kinetic energy. d. force. 7. A 75 kg person walking around a corner bumped into an 80 kg person who was running around the same corner. The momentum of the 80 kg person a. increased. c. remained the same. b. decreased. d. was conserved. 8. Two skaters stand facing each other. One skater s mass is 60 kg, and the other s mass is 72 kg. If the skaters push away from each other without spinning, a. the lighter skater has less momentum. b. their momenta are equal but opposite. c. their total momentum doubles. d. their total momentum decreases. 9. In a two-body collision, a. momentum is always conserved. b. kinetic energy is always conserved. c. neither momentum nor kinetic energy is conserved. d. both momentum and kinetic energy are always conserved. 10. The law of conservation of momentum states that a. the total initial momentum of all objects interacting with one another usually equals the total final momentum. b. the total initial momentum of all objects interacting with one another does not equal the total final momentum. c. the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another is zero. d. the total momentum of all objects interacting with one another remains constant regardless of the nature of the forces between the objects. 11. Two objects stick together and move with a common velocity after colliding. Identify the type of collision. a. elastic c. inelastic b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic 12. Two billiard balls collide. Identify the type of collision. a. elastic c. inelastic b. perfectly elastic d. perfectly inelastic Holt Physics 3 Chapter Tests

4 13. In an inelastic collision between two objects with unequal masses, a. the total momentum of the system will increase. b. the total momentum of the system will decrease. c. the kinetic energy of one object will increase by the amount that the kinetic energy of the other object decreases. d. the momentum of one object will increase by the amount that the momentum of the other object decreases. 14. A billiard ball collides with a stationary identical billiard ball in an elastic head-on collision. After the collision, which of the following is true of the first ball? a. It maintains its initial velocity. b. It has one-half its initial velocity. c. It comes to rest. d. It moves in the opposite direction. SHORT ANSWER 15. As a bullet travels through the air, it slows down due to air resistance. How does the bullet s momentum change as a result? 16. A student walks to class at a velocity of 3 m/s. To avoid walking into a door as it opens, the student slows to a velocity of 0.5 m/s. Now late for class, the student runs down the corridor at a velocity of 7 m/s. At what point in this scenario does the student have the least momentum? 17. How can a small force produce a large change in momentum? 18. Two billiard balls of equal mass are traveling straight toward each other with the same speed. They meet head-on in an elastic collision. What is the total momentum of the system containing the two balls before the collision? Holt Physics 4 Chapter Tests

5 PROBLEM 19. Compare the momentum of a 6160 kg truck moving at 3.00 m/s to the momentum of a 1540 kg car moving at 12.0 m/s. 20. A ball with a mass of 0.15 kg and a velocity of 5.0 m/s strikes a wall and bounces straight back with a velocity of 3.0 m/s. What is the change in momentum of the ball? Holt Physics 5 Chapter Tests