sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw -(hnizmkm[njvtnxamb Hcp amxrhn m\{kÿw)

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2 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw -(hnizmkm[njvtnxamb Hcp amxrhn m\{kÿw) Malayalam Daivamathavaya Parishudha Mariam First Edition : Sept Revised Edition : Sept Author P. O. Luise Tripunithura Reserved Printed at Viani Printings, Kochi-18 Ph : Published by Mar Louis Publications Kochi - 31 Distributed by Mar Louis Arts & Book Centre Broadway, Ernakulam Kochi , Ph : website : mlbookcentre@gmail.com Price : 75/-

3 D -S w A ymbw t]pv I. ]cnip adnbøns PohNcn{Xw ]cn. adnbøns amxm]nxm ƒ ]cn. adnbøns P\\hpw _meyimehpw ]cn. adnbhpw hn. butk pw ]cn. adnbw I Øm-hns AΩ ]cn. adnbøns kzm mtcm]ww 27 II. ]cn. adnbw k`m-{]-t_m-[-\-ß-fn sszh amxmhv Aa-tem- h amxmhv I\yI amxmhv kz m-tcm-]nx amxmhv amxm-hns am yÿyw ]cn. adnbw k`-bpss amxmhpw amxr-ibpw {]Xo-Ihpw 51 III. ]cn. adnbw hnhn[ ho -W-ß-fn ]cn. adnbw hnip {KŸ-Øn ]cn. adnbw k`m-]n-xm- - mcpss ZrjvSn-bn ]cn. adnbw hnip cpss ho -W-Øn ]cn. adnbw am - m- -amcpss Im-gvN- m-sn ]cn. adnbw Nn{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hy n-i-fn-eq-ssbpw 67 IV. ]cn. adnbøns {]Xy- o-i-c-w-߃ I Ω-e- am-xmhv eq ±v amxmhv ^m-øna amxmhv thfm- Æn amxmhv h m ]ms-øω simc n apøn amxmhv Kc-_-μmfn tdmkm anãn amxmhv amxr-z -i\w hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn 105 V. Xncp\mfpIfpw ` nir-xy-ßfpw adn-b-øns hnae lrzbw adn-b-øns cm n-]zw hymip-e -am-xmhv \nxy-k-lmb amxmhv P]-am-ebpw a p {]m -\-Ifpw ` -kw-l-s-\-ifpw ` n-ir-xy-ßfpw 131

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5 Biwk ]cn-ip I\y-Im-am-Xmhv ss{ikvx-hsc kw_- n v Aaq-eyamb Hcp \n[n-ipw-`am-wv. ]nxm-hmb sszh-øn \n p kv\nkvzm- \p{klw Hgp-In-h-cp \o m-em-w-hƒ. AXp-sIm- p-xs k` Bbncw \mhp-iƒsim p adn-bsø hmgvøn- m-sp- p. sszh-am-xmhn-s\- p-dn v F{Xtbm {KŸ-Im-c- m-cmwv hnti-j hnti-j-w-߃ Fgp-Xn-sh- n- p- -Xv. Ah-sb mw kw{k-ln-s -gp-xnb IrXn-bmWv ]n.h.- eq-bn-kns sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip- -a-dn-bw. adn-b-øns Pohn-X-I-Y, k`m-]n-xm- - mcpw am m- -amcpw hnip- - mcpw I\yIm amxm-hn-s\- p-dn v ]d Imcy-߃, adn-bsø kw_- n- p hnhn-[-xcw ` n-iƒ, amxm-hns {]Xy- o-i-c-w߃ F n-h-sb mw Iq n-t Øp {]IrX {KŸw sszh-i-\y-itbmsv ` n-bp- -h v F pw Acn-In kq n- m-hp IrXn-bm- Wv. I\y-Im-a-dn-bsØ CIgvØn ]d-bp- -h v \s mcp adp-]-sn-bmwv Cu {KŸ-Ønse Hmtcm ]cm-a i-hpw. ]n.-h.- eq-bnkv Cu {KŸw Xøm-dm- m [mcmfw kabw sne-hgn- n- p- v. IqSm-sX, Zo L-amb {]m -\bpw CXn\v ]n n-ep v F Xp kphn-zn-x-am-wv. Bg-amb acn-b-`- n-bm {]tnm-zn-x-\m-bmwv eqbnkv CX-n\mbn Cd-ßn- p-d-s - -Xv. Xm kvt\ln- p AΩ-bpsS IWvT-Øn Nm Ønb at\m- -amb Hcp kpir-xm-lm-c-ambn eqbn-kn\v Cu \n_- sø IW- m- mw. thfm- Æn amxm-hv, simc n amxm-hv, h m ]msw amxmhv F o ]c-am i-ß-fn-eqss `mc- X-Øn\v adn-b-tøm-sp _ w {KŸ-Im-c hc- p-im- p-tºmƒ AXv `mc-xo-b v ]cn-ip AΩ-tbm-Sp Bflo-b-_ w Bg-am- m klm-b-i-cam-wv. {KŸ-Im-c\v F m-hn[ A\p-{K-l-ßfpw D m- Is sb v {]m n- p- p. Pqsse 19, tpm Pv I ±n-\mƒ Be-t cn kotdm ae-_m k`-bpss tap B v _nj v au v sk v txmakv Im -\msv

6 Biwk ""sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw'' F t]cn {ioam eqbnkv cnn {KŸw hmbn- p. Ncn{Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw hnizm-khpw Iq n-bn-w n cnn Cu {KŸ-Øns D -S- hpw Ah-Xc-Whpw Rm {]Xo- n- -Xn-tesd BI j-wo-b-ambpw hn m-\-{]-z-ambpw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-ambpw A\p-`-h-s -Sp- p. Hcp sszh-imkv{x {KŸ-sa- -Xn-s\- m-tfsd ]cn-ip I\yI-ma-dn-b-Øns Pohn-X-sØbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-x-i-sfbpw a tfmsp kvt\lsøbpwipdn v [ym\n- m klm-bn- p Hcp {KŸ-ambn CXns\ hnti-jn- n- m-\mwv Rm B{K-ln- p- -Xv. \o Ggp-h j-ß-fmbn {KŸ-Im-c I\y-Im-am-Xm-hn-s\- p-dn p ]Tn- p-hm\pw [ym\n- p-hm\pw ]cn-{i-an- -Xns ^e-ß-fmwv Cu {KŸ-Øns D -S- w. AXp-sIm- p-x-s Bg-amb Hcp A\p-`hw A\p-hm-N-I-cn-ep-f-hm- m Cu {KŸ-Øn\v km[n pw. H n-\pw kabw XnI-bp- n F p ]cm-xn-s -Sp Hcp temi-ønemwv \mw Pohn- p- Xv. AXn-th-K-Øn _lp-zqcw k -cn- p-hm-\m-{k-ln- p- h-cmwv \msa mw. CXn-\n-Sbv v Bg-ta-dnb sszh-im-kv{x-{k-ÿ-߃ hmbn- p-hm-\p ka-btam kmh-im-itam \ap- n-. AtX-k-abwXs hnizmk kxy-ß-sf- p-dn- p A X ImcWw [mcmfw t] hgn-sx- n-t]m-ip- p-ap- v. C sø temi-øns Cu at\m-`mhw a\- n-em- n-sim v {KŸ-Im-c IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ Ipd p t]pp-i-fn BI j-wo-b-amb coxn-bn Ah-Xcn- n- p-hm {ian- p- p. {KŸ-Im-cs Cu kao-]\w XnI pw Imtem-Nn- Xhpw A`n\μ\m l-hp-am-wv. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns apºn-en-cp v kvt\l-]q Δw [ym\n- p- Ibpw Cu kvt\lm-\p-`hw Cu {KŸ-Øn-eqsS At\-I v ]I p-sim-sp- p-ibpw snøp {ioam ]n. H. eqbnkn\v F m-hn[ hnp-b-ßfpw sszh- Øns kar- -amb A\p-{K-lm-»n- p-ifpw t\cp- p. \ΩpsS kz ob amxmhmb adn-bsø IqSp-X Adn-bp-hm\pw kvt\ln- p-hm\pw B AΩ ImWn- p-x-cp c bpss am -Øn-eqsS apt m p t]mip-hm-\papff {]tnm-z\w At\-I v e`n- p-hm Cu {KŸw D]-I-cn- -s -sb v {]m n- p- p. Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, tum. kqk-]miyw Fw. B v _nj v Xncp-h-\- -]pcw -eøo AXn-cq-]X

7 Biwk "ss{ikvxh s]mxp-hn- m\w' F an\n F sskt m ]ounbbpss cn-bn-xmhv F \ne-bn {]Jym-X-\mb {io. ]n. H. eqbnkns as mcp hnin-jvs-{k-ÿ-amwv "sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip- -a-dnbw'. sszh-øns c -mi-c-]- -Xn-bn amxm-hns ] v F{XtØmfw Ds p hy -am- p Cu {KŸw Xncp- -`-bpss {]t_m- [-\-ß-fn A[n-jvTn-X-amWv. km[m-c-w- m v Ffp w hmbn- pa\- n-em- m ] nb efn-x-a-t\m-l-c-amb cn-\m-k-{º-zm-bhpw Ah- X-c-W coxnbpamwv {KŸ-Im-c-t -sx v FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-hm \mw B{K-ln- p- p. ItØm-en m hnizm-k-øn-\-\p-kr-x-ambn Fgp-Xnbn p Hcp amxr-hn- m\{kÿ-sa \nebv v CXn\v {]Npc {]Nmcw D m-is F v Biw-kn- p- p. sszh-z-ø-amb Xme- p- Iƒ ]Xn -S-ßmbn h n- n v kmln-xy-kr-jvsn-i-fmbn Xncpap mgvn A n- p {io. ]n. H. eqbn-kns\ k h-i- -\mb sszhw F m Ir]-Ifpw \evin A\p-{K-ln- -s. Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, tamdm tam _t -en-tbmkv oaokv ImtXmen- m- _mh kotdm ae- c k`-bpss tap B v _nj v

8 AhXmcnI sszh-om-b-bn krjvsn- -s a\p-jy Imem-Im-eßfn Ahs kzx-kn- -amb Ign-hp-Isf hni-kn- n-s -Sp- p-ibpw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc {]IrXni n-isføs Ahs A[o-\-X-bn-em- p- Ibpw snbvxpign- p. Iºyp- bpk-øns Bhn `m-h-tømss temiw apgp-h a\p-jys ssihn-c Øpºp-I-fn HXp-ßn- -gn- p. im-kv{x-km-t -XnI hnkvt^m-s\w, krjvsn-bmb a\p-jys\ krjvsm-hmb sszh-øn- -te v IqSp-X ASp- n-t - -Xn\p]Icw sszhm-ÿn-xzsøøs tnmzyw snø-s -Sp Zpc-h-ÿ-bn-te v FØn- n-cn- -bm-wv. Hcp ImeØv IpSpw_ k`m kmaq-lni afie-ß-fn ]c-tam- -X-ß-fmbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp ]expw aqey-nypxn kw`hn v Dd-sI- p-t]mb D p-t]msebmbn-øo p. \ -bm-bn- I-cp-Xn-bncp kxy-øn\pw \oxn pw k m -Øn\pw a\p-jy-lr-z-b-ß-fn ÿm\-an- m-xmbn. ssen-hn-j Nm\-ep-Ifpw C s\ pw IpSpw_ {]m -\-bp-ssbpw Xncp-h-N\]cm-b-W-Øn-s bpw ÿm\w ssibs- n- -gn- p. Bkzm-Zy-I-c-a- mø F n-s\bpw tnmzyw snøm\pw \ncm-i-cn- m-\p-ap {]h-wx Ip n-i-fnepw apxn -h-cnepw Hcpt]mse hf p-sim- n-cn- p- p. Al-sa p am{xw Nn -bp- -h A]-cs\ ]mts ad pw Ign- p. C{]-Im-c-ap kml-n-cy-ß-fn, `qan-bpss D pw temi-øns shfn- -hp-ambn h Øn-t - - k-`-bpss ZuXy-\n h-lww ]e-x-c-øn-ep {]Xn-k- n-l- -ßsfbmWv A`nap-Jo-I-cn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. hnøn-s bpw If-I-fp-sSbpw D]-a-bnse t]mse kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fmb k`m-x-\-b p sx n-[m-cw Dfhm- -Ø- hn[w hn-\sø hf-s m-sn pw Zp hymjym\w snbvxpw sszh-h-n-\-øn am{xw hniz-kn- p- -h F p hoºn-f- p- -hcpw "c n- -s - -h ' F p kzbw Ah-Im-i-s -Sp- -h-cp-amb Hcp Iq k`m-a- ƒ p hcp-øn- q- p hn]-øp-iƒ h Æ-\m-Xo-X-am-Wv. tbip-x-ºp-cm Ahn-SpsØ AΩsb kv{xosb p hnfn- Xpw, `qanbn Bscbpw ]nxm-sh p hnfn- -cp-sx p ]d- Xpw, GI a yÿs\ D p-sh pw a p-ap Btcm-]-W-߃ Db Øn N eam\- k-cmb ]e-scbpw C q ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn NmSn- m-dp v. Cu Zpc-hÿ-bn \n pw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc k`m-a- sf c n- p- -Xn\pw hnizm-

9 k-øn Dd- -n- p- -Xn\pw {io. ]n.h. eqbn-kns ""sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn. adnbw'' F {KŸw D]-I-cn- -s Spw F p Xn c p ] an-. ]cn-ip- -a-dnbw sszh-am-xm-hm-sw pw c m-i-c-n-cn-{x-øn adnbw hln ] v F{X al-\o-b-am-sw pw ]Tn- p-tºm-gmwv ]cn. adn-bsø \mw IqSp-X-embn BZ-cn- p-ibpw _lp-am-\n- p-ibpw snøpi. Cu {KŸw A p {][m\ `mk-ß-fmbn Xncn v ]cn-. a-dn-b-øns Poh-N-cn{Xw, adnbw k`m-{]-t_m-[-\-ß-fn, hn. {KŸ-Ønepw k`m ]nxm- m-cpss {]t_m-[-\-ß-fnepw, adn-b-øns {]Xy- o-i-c-w߃, Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ ` nirxy-߃ Hmtcm- n-s\- p-dn pw hfsc B[n-Im-cn-I-amb hni-zo-i-c-w-߃ \ Ip- p- v. adn-bøns Poh- N-cn{X`mK-߃ It\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-fn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- n- møxn\m bmt m-_n-s bpw tbml- m-s bpw t]cn-ep A{]- am-wni {KŸ-ßsf B{i-bn-t - -Xmbn h n- p- v. XpS p Cu `mk-߃ F mw Xs ]gb \nb-a-ønepw ]pxnb \nb-a-ønepw adn-b-sø- p-dn- p ]cm-a i- -ßfpw {]t_m-[-\-ßfpw FSp-Øp-Im- p- -h-bmwv. Imem-Im-e-ß-fn adn-b-sø- p-dn v k` \S-Øn-bn- p HutZym-KnI {]t_m-[-\-߃, am m- m-am-cpss Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ, k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss {]t_m-[-\-߃ k`m-ncn-{x-øn adn-b-sø- p-dn- p Imgv - m-sp-iƒ adn-b-øns {]Xy- o-i-c-w-߃ acnb-` nbpw Xncp-\m-fp-Ifpw F mw {KŸ-Im-c hni-zo-i-cn- p- p- v. ]pkvx-i-øns Xmfp-I-fn qsn IS pt]mip-tºmƒ am{xta {KŸ- Im-c \S-Øn-bn- pff ITn-\m-[zm-\Øns bpw ka W at\m-`m-h- Øn-s bpw ]mcayw A\p-hm-N-I v t_m[y-am-hp-i-bp- p. ]cn-ip AΩ-bpsS \ma-øn Hcp k`m-x-\-b Gs -SpØp ]q Øn-bm- nb Cu alxvbxv\w al-\o-b-a-t{x. {KŸ-Im-c {io. eqbn-kn\v AI-a-gn A\p-tam-Z-\-ßfpw A\p-hm-N-I v Biwk-Ifpw t\cp- p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip- - a-dnbw F {KŸ-Øn\v {]Npc {]Nmcw D m-i-s tim _nj v txmakv Xm n- m- pgn divs, sk v tacokv ae- c tap skan-\mcn Xncp-h-\- -]pcw

10 ]n.-h. eqbnkv P\\w : Ime-Sn -Sp-Øp \Sp-h w F ÿeøv. ]nxmhv : Hutk-^v amxmhv : A w. hnzym-`ymkw : B.Com, MBA, FCMA. ti{μ s]mxptajem ÿm]-\-amb lnμpÿm Hm Km-\nIv sian- kn No^v ^n\m kv amt\pcmbn tpmen snøp- {KŸ I Ømhv 1994 apx Xr q-wn-øpd CS-h-Imw-K-hpw Ct mƒ axm- ym- ]I-\pam-Wv. `mcy : knkn (A- ym-]n-i) a ƒ : entbm, sekven. hnemkw : ]p, ssi -t cn tdmuv, Ccp-º\w ]n.h., Xr q-wn-øpd, FdWmIpfw t^m : , poluise@gmail.com a p ]pkvxi߃: Basic and Commercial Mathematics ss{ikvxh s]mxphn- m\w hgnim niƒ A\p-Zn\ {]m -\-Iƒ tbip-hns ]oum-\p-`h A\p-kva-cW {]m \ Ipº-km-chpw Ip _m\ kzoi-c-whpw ZnhyImcpWy Bcm[\ sh_vssk v: (Website was inaugurated by Mar George Cardinal Alencherry. Data is prepared by P O Luise with the inspiration and direction of Rev. Dr. Jose Puthiyedath).

11 BapJw \ΩpsS AΩ-bmb ]cn-ip I\yImadn-b-Øns P\\w apx C p-h-sc-bp Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw hnizm-khpw Iq n-bn-w n ]c-am-h[n hnh-c-߃ Npcp-ßnb t]pp-i-fn Ah-X-cn- n- pi F e y-tømss Ggp-h jw apºv XpS-ßnb Fs Ffnb kwcw`w tpmenønc- p-aqew \o- p-t]m-sb- nepw Cu Ime- -b-f-hn {ihn- n- p {]kw-k-ßfpw hmbn- n- p ]pkvx-i-ßfpw tej-\ßfpw CXn\v Hcp apx q- mbn F Xn kwi-b-an-. sndp w apx amxmhnt\msp Fs {]m -\bpw amxmhp hgn Cutim F\n v \ In-bn- p \nc-h[n A\p-{K-l-ß- -fp-amwv Cu ]pkvxi cn-\ v {]tnm-z-\-ta-in-b-xv. sszhøns c mic ] -Xn-bn am-xm-hns ] v F{X-tØmf-ap-s v hy -ambn a\- n-em n ]Tn- m am{xta bym -amb amxr-` n \ne-\n p-i-bp- p. A m-ø-] w hn-\sø Zp hym- Jym\w snøp- -h-cn Bcp-sS-sb- nepw c v tnmzy-߃ p-ap-ºn ]-X-dp-hm\pw XpS v ss]-im-nni kzm[o-\-øm-ep sx mb Nn - Iƒ hgn bym hnizm- -k-øn \n pw hyxn-n-en- p-hm\pw km y- X-bp- v. amxr-hn- m-\-øns hnhn[ taj-e-iƒ hni-z-ambn {]Xn- ]m-zn- p [m-cmfw ]pkvxi-߃ C v e-`y-am-sw- nepw Xnc p ]nsn Cu temi-po-hn-x- -Øn Ah hmbn p ]Tn- p-hm kabw Is -Øp- -h hnc-fam-wv. A-Xn-\m IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ Ipd pt]pp-i-fn Dƒs m n p -Xn-\p-th n a p-]p-kvx-i-ß-fn \n pw hyxy-kvx-amb coxn- -bnemwv CXv Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. e`y-amb F m ]pkvx-i-ßfpw ]cn-tim- -[n- -Xn-\p-tijw Ah-bn G hpw hnizm-ky-amb hkv-xp-x-i- -fmwv \ In-bn-cn- p- -Xv. Cu ]pkvx-i-øns ssisø-gpøp{]xn hmbn v Bh-iy-amb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ pw t`z-k-xn-iƒ pw \n t±-i-߃ \ In-b shcn dh. ^m. h okv aw-hm-f, shcn dh. ^m. tpm Pvv ]pø ]p-c, dh. ^m. Ão^ ]mem n, kn. \m kn SABS, {io. ]utemkv ] n- m-s, tum. tpm Pv Icp- q F n-h v Rm \μnbpss \dp-a-ecp-iƒ A n- p- p. lrzy-amb Hcp Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xn \ Inb

12 Xncp-h-\- -]pcw tap skan-\mcn divs ssd v dh. tim _n-j v txmakv Xm n- m- p-gn, Biw-k-Iƒ \ In A\p-{K-ln kntdm ae- c k`-bpss ]c-am- y- \pw kn.-_n.-kn.sf bpss sshkv{]- kn-u p-amb tamtdm tam _t -en-tbmkv oaokv ImtXm-en- m- _mh, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw eøo AXn-cq-]Xm sa{xm-t m-en-øbpw si.-kn.-_n.kn ss nƒ skmssk n snb am-\p-amb dh. tum. kqk-]miyw F n-h pw Cu {KŸw \ coxn-bn {]kn- o-i-cn- p Xn\v kl-i-cn F m-h pw Fs lrzbw \nd \μn tcj-s -Sp-Øp p. Cu ]pkvxi cn-\-bn F\n pth t{]m ml-\hpw CXns \n Ωn-Xn-bn-ep-S-\ofw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fpw \ In Ft m-ssm w kl-i-cn Fs kl-[ Ωn-Wnsb \μn- ]q Δw kvacn- p- p. Cu ]qkvx-i-sø- p-dn v \nß-fpss A`n-{]mb-ßfpw \ncq-]-w-ßfpw \n t±-i-ßfpw Adn-bn- p-hm Xm ]-cys -Sp- p. Xr q-wn-øpd, ]n.-h. eqbnkv Cu ]pkvx-i-øns ]p\x]xn v hmbn v hnetbdnb A`n-{]m-b-߃ \ In-b dh. ^m. sp. X nen\pw Biw-k \ In A\p-{K-ln kotdm ae-_m k`-bpss tap B v_nj v am tpm Pv Im Un-\ Be-t cn p-w ]qkvx-iw {]kn o-icn p am eqbnkv ]_vfnt j\pw Fs lrzbw \nd \μn tcj-s - Sp-Øp p. ]n.-h. eqbnkv Xr q-wn-øpd, sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

13 I ]cnip adnbøns PohNcn{Xw 1. ]cn. adnbøns amxm]nxm ƒ 2. ]cn. adnbøns P\\hpw _meyimehpw 3. ]cn. adnbhpw hn. butk pw 4. ]cn. adnbw I Øm-hns AΩ 5. ]cn. adnbøns kz mtcm]ww ""sszhir] \nd htf kzkvxn, I Ømhp \nt msp IqsS'' (eq m.1:28) F v sszhzqx\m A`nkwt_m[\ snøs I\yImadnbsØ sszhw Xncs SpØXv Xs GI]p{Xs AΩbmIphm\mWv. {XntbIssZhw Ign m G hpw ASpØ ÿm\w Ae cn p Xv ]cnip I\yIm adnbamwv. AXn\m ItØmen m k`bpw bmt m_mbm k`bpw {]m \Ifn I\yImadnbØn\p {]txyi ÿm\w \ Ip p. Jpdm-\n {]Xn- ]m-zn- p GI h\n-xbpw adn-b-am-wv. adn-bsø "tbip-hns AΩsb- mwv' Jpdm- hn-ti-jn- n- n-cn- p- -Xv. (Jp-dm 23:50) ""CXm, \ns AΩ'' (tbml.19:27) F v tbip\my Ipcnin InS psim v tbml mt\msp ]d- -Xv temiønse kie a\pjy pw th nbmwv. Aßs\ ]cnip I\yImadnbw \ΩpsS F mhcpssbpw AΩbmbn. B AΩsb pdn p IqSpX a\ nem phm {ian ptºmƒ \mw tbiphnte mwv sns Øp Xv. temic nxmhns AΩbmb ]cn. I\yI adnbsø hwßpibpw _lpam\n pibpw snøpihgn \mw tbiphnte v ASp pibmwv. B AΩtbmSp am yÿyw bmnn v {]m n p Xp hgn, AtbmKycmb \mw \ap mhiyamb sszh Ir] t\snsbsp pibmwv snøp Xv. temiw apgph kvxpxn p ]msp I\yImadnbØns PohNcn{XØnte v \aps m p ItÆmSn mw. amxmhns P\\w sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 13

14 apx kz mtcm]ww hscbp F m mcyßfpw kphntij ßfn hnh-cn n n. ImcWw, kphntij߃ FgpXnbncn p Xv temic I\mb tbip{inkvxphns a\pjymhxmchpw ]ckypohnxhpw acwhpw Dbn pw hnizoicn p Xn\pw AXphgn a\pjyh sø Fßs\ sszhw c n p F p ImWn p Xn\pamWv. F m c micncn{xøn adnbøns klicww hy am p Imcy߃ kphntijßfpss ]e `mkßfn \ap p ImWphm km[n pw. tbiphns a\pjym hxmcøn\p apºpw Dbn n\p tijhpap Imcy߃ a\ n em phm \ap p a p ]pkvxißsf B{ibnt nbncn p p. A{]amWnI ]pkvxi߃ (At m{in^m {KŸßƒ) \sω CXn\p klmbn p p. At m{in^m {KŸßfnepw a p ]pkvxi ßfnepw simspøncn p hnhcwßfn hyxymk߃ D Xn\mepw Ah-bn ]d-bp Im-cy-ß-sf- p-dn v Ahy- X D -Xn \mepw k` Ahsb {]mamwni {KŸßfmbn AwKoIcn n n. hyxymkßfn DZmlcWØn\p butk p ]nxmhp acn Xp tbiphn\p 15 hb p t mgmsw pw 26 hb p t mgmsw pw c p hyxykvx A`n{]mbßfp v. F m Hcp Imcyw \ap p hy amip Xv butk p]nxmhv tbiphns ]ckypohnxw Bcw`n p Xn\p apºv acwass mwv. CØcØnep hyxymk߃ \ΩpsS hnizmkøn\p XS w \n p hb. G hpw IqSpX AwKoImcw t\snbn p hnhcwßfmwv Cu ]pkvxiøn \ Inbncn p Xv. BZysØ aq v A ymb߃ bmt m_ns kphntijsa A{]amWnI {KŸØn \n pw A masø A ymbw hn. tbml ms t]cnednbs Sp ]pkvxiøns {Ko p `mjyøn \n pamwv FSp-Øncn p Xv. ""\ snøp- -Xnepw \n߃ p- h ] p-h-bv p- -Xnepw Dt] hcp-ø-cp-xv. AØcw _en-iƒ sszh-øn\v {]oxn-i-c-am-wv.'' (sl-{_m. 13:16) 14 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

15 1. ]cn. adnbøns amxm]nxm ƒ ]cn. adnbøns ]nxmhv tbmhm oapw amxmhvv A bpambncp p. ZmhoZp tkm{xp\mbncp tbmhm nans P \msv ]mekvxo\mbnse \{køpw Altdms ]p{xnbpw ]ptcmlnx hwipbpamb A bpss P \msv t_xvseslapw Bbncp p. ASnbpd sszh` nbpw A\nXckm[mcWamb PohnX hnip nbpap DØa ZºXnIfmbncp p tbmhm oapw A bpw. AhcpsS A zm\^eambp m nb kzøns aq nsemcp `mkw tzhmebmcm[\mhiy߃ pw aq nsem v Zm\[ ΩmZnIƒ pw _m n aq nsem v kz w PohnX snehn\pambn Ah \o nh ncp p. Ccp]Xp h j mew Ah v a fn mbncp p. k m\ ku`mkyan møh sszhøm i]n s hcmsw mbncp p A sø C{kmtb mcpss hnizmkw. AXn\m, tbmhm oapw A bpw a p hcpss \nμmhm pifm [mcmfw klnt n h p. Hcn ka WØncp mfn Xs k ΔIpSpw_ tømspw kzp\ßtfmspw IqSn ImgvNb n phm Pdpktew tzhmebønte ph tbmhm oans\ alm]ptcmlnx ]p n v C{]Imcw ]d p : ""k m\ ku`mkyan mø \o k m\ßfm A\p{KloXcmbhtcmsSm w ImgvNb n phm hcp sxßs\? k m-\-e_v[nbn m-ø-h-\mbn \ns hn[n ncn p sszhw \ns ImgvNIsf kzoicn pitbm AXn {]ox\mhpitbm snøpibn. BZyta \o t]mbn sszhøn \n p Cu hn[nbn \n v tamn\w t\sn k m\`mkyap h\mipi. A\ cw ImgvNb n phm hcni.'' AXnITn\amb Cu hm piƒ ti tbmhm ow A]am\nX\pw AXoh ZpxJnX\pw BbnØo p. Xs Zpchÿbn a\w s\m v kz w ho nte v asßmsx h\m cßfnte v Ah HmSnt mbn. Xs Bcpw ImWpIbn F pd p AXntLmch\Øn\p n Hcp IqSmcw D m n. Xs sszhw Xs Z in p Xphsc Pe]m\w t]mepw \SØpIbn F ZrV\n- btømspiqsn t\mºpw D]hmkhpw {]m \bpw Bcw`n p. Cßs\ \mev]xp cmhpw \mev]xp ]Iepw tbmhm ow snehgn p. Ref: Apocryphal Gospel of the Protoevangelium of James sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 15

16 Cu AhkcØn Xs ` Ømhns\ ImWmsX henb ZpxJØnepw hnem]ønepw Bbncp A sb Ah-fpsS Zmknt]mepw ]gn pibpw im]hm pifm iimcn pibpw snbvxp. kln hømsx A hosphn ndßn ASpØp txm Øn ] Zo hr Øns Nph n t]mbncp v ZpxJn v C{]-Imcw {]m n psim n-cp p. ""]nxm amcpss sszhta, Fs amxmhmb kmdmsb hmgvøn Ahƒ v Cklm ns\ simspøxpt]mse Fs {]m \ ti v Ft msv IcpW txm Wta.'' AtX kabw GIm [ym\øn apgpinbncp tbmhm ow Hcp henb {]Imiw I v sr n DW p. Ahs apºn sszhtxp p ZqX \n p XpI v ]cn{`an p. ZqX Aht\mSv ]d p: ""tbmhm ow \o Fs I v kw{`ant. \ns {]m \ sszhxncpk n[nbn AwKoIcn s ncn p p F v \ns Adnbn m Ab s amemjbmwv Rm. \ns `mcybpss K `]m{xw ASbv s ncp Xv, AXv A pxicambn Xpd m th nbmwv. AXv ]m]øns k Xnsb {]khn m\p X. ]ns tbm, sszhøns Zm\w Dƒs m m\p XmWv. \ns `mcy A Hcp ]p{xnsb {]khn pw. Ahƒ v adnbw F v t]cnsww. \o ChnsS \n v ]pds v Pdpkteans kph Æ hmxn (Im \ IhmSw) FØptºmƒ \ns ImWmsX Zq:JnXbmbncn p \ns `mcy A \ns FXntc pw'' CXp ]d n v amemj Ahs\ hn pt]mbn. A\ cw hr Nph n Zp:JnXbmbncp A hensbmcp {]Imiw I p. sszhøns amemj AhfpsS apºn \n v C{]Imcw ]d p: ""A m, \o `bs ts sszhk n[n \n v Ab s ZqX\mWv Rm. \ns {]m \Ifpw ImgvNIfpw sszhw AwKoIcn ncn p p. \o K `w[cn v Hcp ]p{xnsb {]khn pw. Ahƒ v adnbw F v t]cnsww. Ahƒ kie kv{xoifnepw h v A\p{Kln s hfmipw. Ahƒ sszhir] sim v \ndbv s Spw. aq vhb phsc amxm]nxm tfmspiqss Pohn tijw Ahƒ tzhmebøn hfcpw. Hcip nbnepw s]smsx sszhsø kvxpxn pw D]hmkw, PmKcWw, {]m \ F nhbn hym]- cn pw Ahƒ hfcpw. ]pcpjs\ AdnbmØ I\yIbmbns m p Xs Ahƒ Hcp ]p{xs\ {]khn pw. Ah temic nxmhp Xs. \o thkw ]pds psim pi. Pdpkteans kph Æ hmxn h v \o \ns ` Ømhns\ ImWpw.'' CXp ]d n v amemj AhnsS \n pt]mbn. amemj ]d Xpt]mse Ccphcpw Pdpkteans kph Æ hmxn h p I pap n. hfsc kt mjtømss Ah ho nte v t]mbn. 16 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

17 2. ]cn. adnbøns P\\hpw _meyhpw tbmhm oapw A bpw XßfpsS IpSpw_Øn hnizmk tømspw {]m \tbmspwiqsn Ign piq n. A K `nwnbmbn. X\n p P\n phm t]mip Ip n\pth n Ahƒ kzmka bhpw sszhapºmsi {]m n psim ncp p. Imew XnI t mƒ Ahƒ Hcp s] Ip ns\ {]khn p. Ip ns\ {]khn t mƒ A bv v Xs hnip n \nanøw Hcp thz\bpw A\p `hs n. adn v ]m]an møhsf hln Xns B\μ]mc hiya\p`-hn p. H ]XmwZnhkw IpSpw_mwKßsf mw tbmhm oans `h\ Øn ktωfn p. ZqX Adnbn {]Imcw tbmhm ow Ip n\p adnbw F pt]cn p. 80 mw Znhkw tamibpss hn[n{]imcw tbmhm napw A bpw spdpksew tzhmebøn t]mbn ka Ww \SØn. aq phb p XnIbptºmƒ tzhmeb ip{iqjbv v Ip ns\ ka n psim msa v hmkvzm\w snbvxp, A bpss apebq n hf Ønb Ip ns\ ip{iqjn phm \n Ωecmb I\yIamsc am{xta A\phZn p p. Ip n v Hcp hb v XnI t mƒ tbmhm nw _ pp\ßsf hnfn v Hcp hncp v \SØn. adnbøn\v aq v hb v XnI t mƒ kzpmxnbn s hnip nbp I\yIam Ip nbpss ap ]n XncnIƒ IØn p ]nsn v tzhmebønte v Iq nsim pt]mbn. Ip nbpss amxm]nxm tfmssm w A bpss Cfb ktlmzcn Fenk_Øpw AhcpsS IqsS D mbncp p. Fenk_Øns ` Ømhv kjdnbmbpw BNmcy mcpw a v At hmknifpw tn v adnbsø kkt mjw kzoicn v sszhsø kvxpxn p. tbmhm napw A bpw adnbsø sszhøn\v ka n pibpw t\ ImgvNIƒ A n v sszhsø kvxpxn psim v kz`h\ønte v XncnsI t]mhpibpw snbvxp. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 17

18 Hcp ams{]mhns\t mse adnbw tzhmebm pcøn ]m Øp. AhnSpsØ hnip kv{xoiƒ Ahsf Xp, \q \q v, s\bvøv XpSßnbhbpw {]m \Iƒ, \ymb{]amw߃, A\pjvTm\߃ F nhbpw A`ykn n p. amemjamtcmsv kw`mjn pw sszhnit{ijvt mcn \n v Acpf mspiƒ kzoi-cn pw hnip nbn hf ph adnbøn\v 12 hb v BIp Xn\v apºv AhfpsS amxm]nxm ƒ acwas p. 1. ]cnip I\yImadnbsØ pdn p khntij ]T\hpambn _ s sszhimkv{x imj acnb imkv{xw AYhm acntbmfpn. 2. ]cn. I\yIm adnbøns P\\Øncp\mƒ sk]vxw_ 8 3. adnbøns ka WØncp mƒ \hw_ kv{xo kw Ifn G w D IrjvSamb "adnbw' F hm ns A w kv{xo, cmpipamcn, \my, kap{zxmcw, kuμcyw, ]cn]q Æ F nh 5. sl{_mb `mjbn andnbw F pw {Ko n adnbw F pw hnfn p ]ZØns Cw ojv cq]w tacn {]m \ P ]m]an msx D hn ]cnip adnbta ]m]nifpss kt Xta! CXm \ns kt XØn R߃ txsn h ncn p p. RßfpsSta Aenhmbncp v R߃ pth n \ns Xncp pamct\msv {]m n psim Wta. 18 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

19 3. ]cn. adnbhpw hn. butk pw adnbøn\v ]{ v hb p XnI p. blqz ]mcºcy {]Imcw s] Ip n v {]mb]q ØnbmIp Xv 12 hb v XnIbptºmgmWv. tzhmebøn At hmknifmb s] Ip niƒ v {]mb]q Øn bmbm AhnsS Xmakn phm A\phmZan. adnbtømssm ap mbncp {]mb]q Ønbmb I\yIamsc mw AhcpsS amxm ]nxm tfmssm w kz w hospifnte v t]mbn. F m I\ym{hX Øn\p ka n s SpIbpw tzhmebønte v ]cn]q Wambn G n s SpIbpw A\mYbmbnØocpIbpw snbvx GI I\yI bmb adnbw AhnsSØs tijn p. adnbøns `mhnsb pdn p alm{][m\mnmcy BIpeNnØ\mbn. blqzmnmca\pkcn v 14 hb v XnIbp I\yIbv v hnhml \n bw \SØWsa p \n _ ap v. \n bw Ign m AXn\p am w hcpøm\pw km yambncp n. hnhml\n bøn\ptijw aq p h jøn\p n hnhmlw \SØnbm axnbmipw. \n b Øn\ptijw hnhmlw hsc {]Xn{ipXh[p kz w amxm]nxm mcpssiqsstbm hnhmlw \n bn s ]pcpjs IqsStbm Xmakn p Xn\v kapzmb\nbaw A\phZn ncp p. F m hnhmltijw am{xta `mcy` Ør_ w A\phZ\obambn cp p p. hnhml\n bw Ign kv{xo]pcpj amsc `mcym ` Øm m F mwv hnfn ncp Xv. alm{][m\mnmcy\pw alm]ptcmlnx mcpw BNmcy mcpw aq amcpw P\{]am-Wnamcpw Hcpan ptn v adnbøns ImcysØ pdn v BtemNn p. alm]ptcmlnx B nsemcn am{xw {]thin p almhnip ÿeøp {]thin v C mcyw Ref: Apocryphal Gospel of the Protoevangelium of James sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 19

20 kw_ n v sszhtømsv BtemN\ \SØWsa pw sszhlnx a\pkcn p {]h Øn Wsa pw Ah Xocpam\n p. AX\pkcn v {]m \m\ncxcmbncp P\w ]pdøp\n ptºmƒ alm]ptcm lnx\mbncp kjdnbm Bcm[\m hkv{x߃ [cn p hnip ÿeøp {]thin p adnbøn\p th n {]m n p. At mƒ Ir]mk\Øn \n pw _en]otøn \n pambn Hcp Aicocn Db Xv F mhcpw ti p: ""I\yIbv v hnhml\n bw snøphn ''. sszhøns amemj alm]ptcmlnxt\msv C{]Imcw Adnbn p: ""\o C{kmtbense hn`mcy mcmb ]pcpj msc F mhscbpw hnfn phcpøww. Ah HmtcmcpØcpw Ah\hs hsn \ns ASp hbv Ww. BcpsS hsnbn sszhw ASbmfw ImWn p pthm B hsnbpss DSaÿ\v I\yImadnbsØ hnhml \n bw snbvxp simspøv Ahsf Ahs kwc Wbn B Ww.'' sszhzqxs Adnbn p{]imcw Cu hnhcw blqz tziømsi hnfw_cw snbvxp. AXnkpμcnbpw k KpW kº bpw Id]pcfmØ sszh` bpamb adnbsø `mcybmbn e`n phm At\Iw t] B{Kln p. hnfw_ca\pkcn v blqztziøp hn`mcy mcmb ]pcpj msc mhcpw Pdpksew tzhmeøn FØn t p. {][m\ ]ptcmlnx HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw hsniƒ hmßn tzhmebøn h p {]m n Xn\ptijw AhbpsS DSaÿsc Gev]n p. ZmhoZns tkm{xøn s bmt m_ns ai\pw "\oxnam F p t]cpti h\pw' ac Wn mc\pambncp butk ns hsn Xncnt ev n- t mƒ AXp ]pjv]n pibpw AXn ta Hcp {]mhv ]d ndßn Ccn pibpw snbvxp. I p\n ncp hsc mw A pxs p. B {]mhv butk ns Xebn sn ncp p. (hn. butk ns cq]øn Iøn ]nsn- n-cn- p ]pjv n hsn \n߃ {i n p ImWpat m.) alm]ptcmlnx butk nt\msp ]d p: ""I Ømhns I\yIsb kzoicn phm\p `mkyw \n\ mwv e`n ncn p Xv; AhfpsS kwc Ww Gs Sp pi.'' F m AXn\v kωxw \ ImXncp t mƒ ]ptcmlnx butk nt\msp ]d p: ""\ns sszhamb I Ømhns\ `bs SpI. ZmØm, A_odmw, timdlv F nhtcmsv AhnSp v {]h Øn sxßs\sb v Hm pi, AhcpsS \ntj[w \nanøw Fßs\ `qan ]nf v Ahsc hogpßnsb pw kvacn pi. butkt, \ns `h\øn\pw Cßs\ kw`hn mxncn 20 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

21 m sszhsø `bs SpI.'' butk v `bninx\mbn. Ah ]d p: ""sszhlnxw Aßs\sb n AhfpsS kwc I F \nebn Rm Ahsf kzoicn p sim mw.'' ]ptcmlnx m BNmc{]Imcw adnbøns bpw butk ns bpw hnhml\n bw \SØn. adnbw butk ns IqsS Ahs `h\ønte pt]mbn. A m-eøv butk n\p Xs ]Wn p t]mti nbncp Xn\m Ah adnbtømsp ]d p: ""adnbw, \ns Rm I Ømhns BebØn \n p kzoicn p; Ct mƒ \ns Fs `h\ønem n bn v Rm `h\\n ΩmW {]h Ø\߃ mbn t]mip p. Xmakn bmsx asßnsbøpw; AXphsc I Ømhp \ns kwc n p sim pw'' Keoenbmbnep \kdøn, butk ns `h\øn adnbw Xp, \q \q v XpSßnb tpmenitfmtsm w ho ptpmeniƒ snbvxpw {]m \, t\mºv, [ym\w, hnip {KŸ ]mcmbww XpSßnb Bflobm\pjvTm\߃ \S-Ønbpw Pohn pt]m p. (Ref: Apocryphal Gospel of the Protoevangelium of James) A meøv bqzbmsb apgph\pw Aºc n Hcp kw`hw \S p. K{_ntb sszhzqx kjdnbmbv p {]Xy s Xpw XpS v ]ptcmlnx kwkmci n \jvss v au\nbmbnøo Xpw kv\m]itbml ms P\\sØ pdn p Adnbn pw Fenk_Øv K `w [cn Xpw hn.eq m FgpXnb kphntijw 1:5 25- hnizambn tcj-s -SpØnbn p v. "" m\w t\sp- -h\pw Adnhp e`n- p- -h\pw `mky-hm-\m-wv. Fs - m, AXpsIm p t\ w sh n-sbbpw kz Æ-sØ-bpw-Imƒ t{ijvt-am-wv.'' (kp-`m-jn-x߃ 3:13-14) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 21

22 Ipdn v : ss nƒ hnh Ø\ `mj-i-fnse hyxymkw ss n-fns aqe-`m-j-i-fmb lo{_p, {Ko v, Ad-amb F n-h-bn \n p hnhn[ hnh Ø-\-ß-fmWv {Ko v k]vx-xn, X Kpw, ]vioø, hpƒkmø F n-h. Ch-bn \n mwv a p `mj-i-fn-te v X pa snø-s - -Xv. kºq Æ ss n-fns BZy ae-bmf hnh Ø\w {]kn- o-i-cn- Xv tim bw kn.-fw.-f-kv. {] m-wv. ]n osv ae-_m-dns `mjm-co-xnsb D]-Pohn v Kp v Xøm-dm- nb hnh Ø\w {]Im-in-X-am-bn. ss nƒ skmssk n Hm^v C Uy kxy-th-z-]p-kvxiw F t]cn kºq Æ ss nƒ ae-bm-f-øn {]kn- o-i-cn- p amwn- -Ø-\m kpdn-bm-\nbn \n v hnh Ø\w snbvx ]pxnb \nb-a-]p-kvxiw ItØm-en- IqSp-Xembn D]-tbm-Kn- p-xp-s-ßn dh. tum. txmakv aqtø-s eøo hpƒkm- Ømbpw kpdn-bm\n s]io-ømbpw B[m-c-am n ss n-fns kºq Æ hnh Ø\w {]kn- o-i-cn- p. Fd-Wm-Ip-f-Øn-\-SpØv ]mem-cn-h- -Øp ]n.-h.-kn. ti{μ-am n {]h Øn- p si.-kn.-_n.-kn. ss nƒ IΩo-j 1977 ]pxnb \nb-ahpw kºq Æ ss nfpw {]kn- o-i-cn- p. Cu hnh Ø-\-Øn {][m-\-ambpw D]- tbm-kn- n-cn- p- Xv {Ko v, eøo, Cw ojv, P Ω, {^ v, C m-en-b F o `mj-i-fn-ep hnh Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. ItØm-en- D]-tbm-Kn- p ]n.-h.kn ss n-fn-t bpw bmt m-_m-b- mcpw a p hn`m-k-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn- p ss nƒ skmssk- n-bpss ss n-fn-t bpw aqe-hn-h Ø\w hyxy-kvx-amb-xn-\m ]e t]cp-i-fp-ssbpw D m-c-w-co-xn-bnepw hyxy-kvxx-bp- v. AXn- \p-zm-l-c-w-ambn GXm\pw hm p-iƒ NphsS simsp-øn-cn- p- p. bmt m-_m-b- m D]-tbm-Kn- p- h ItØm-en- D]-tbm-Kn- p- h bn{km-tb C{km-tb sbcp-itew Pdp-ktew imaq-th kmap-th Ctøm_v tpm_v adnbmw adnbw bq\o-jm, bqbm nw tbmhm nw l A sszhm-ebw tzhm-ebw tkmkp Ø KmKp Ø kzr-i-hm-iy-߃ kp`mjnx-߃ tbmth tpmtb anjm an m aemjn aem n skj-ømhp k -dnb eqt mkv eq m 22 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

23 4. ]cn. adnbw I Øm-hns AΩ adn-b-øn\v \ I-s - n- p F m {]km-z-h-c-ß-fp-ssbpw B\q- Iq-ey-ß-fp-sSbpw aln-a-i-fp-ssbpw BsI-Øp-Ibpw aip-s-hp-amwv Ah-fpsS sszh-am-xrxzw. kjdnbmbv v Hcp ]p{x P\n psa v Adnbn v Bdpamkw Ign t mƒ K{_ntb ZqX adnbøn\p {]Xy s v tbiphns P\\sØ pdn v Adnbn p. ""sszhir] \nd htf! kzkvxn, I Ømhp \nt mspiqss'' F A`nkw t_m[\tbmss adn-b-øns ASpØph v amemj sszhøns c mic] Xn Ahsf Adnbn p p. adnbw ]d p: ""CXm, I Ømhns Zmkn \ns hm v F n \ndthds '' (awkf hm ØØncp\mƒ Xncpk` BtLmjn p Xv am v 25 mw XobXnbmWv). sszh]p{xs\ K `w [cn adnbw amemjbn \n p hnhcw e`n X\pkcn v Ipd p Znhk߃ ptijw Xs CfbΩbmb Fenk_Øns\ kμ in p p. (kμ i\øncp mƒ Xncpk` BtLmjn p Xv tabv 31 mw XobXnbmWv). Xs aqø ktlmzcnbmb A mbpss aifmb adnbsø Fenk_Øv hnfn Xv ""Fs I Ømhns AΩ'' F mwv. tbiphns P\\ sø pdn n Adnbn v, Fenk_Øv adnbsø kvxpxn p Xv, adnbøns kvtxm{x KoXw, kv\m]i tbml ms P\\w, kjdn bmbpss {]hn\koxw F nh hfsc hnizambpw at\mlcambpw eq m 1:26 80 hnhcn n p v. I\ym{hXØn\p ka n s ncp adnbw Xm AdnbmsX K `nwnbmbsxßs\sb Nn butk ns\ Akzÿ\m p Ibpw thz\n n pibpw snbvxp. adnbøns\ \nba]camb in bv p hn psimspøv Ahsf A]am\nXbm phm CjvSs SmXncp \oxnam\mbncp butk v Ahsf clkyambn sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 23

24 Dt] n phm Xocpam\n p. CtX pdn v BtemNn psim ncnt I Ømhns ZqX kz]v\øn {]Xy- -s v butk nt\msv ]d p: ""Ahƒ K `w [cn ncn p Xv ]cnip mflmhn \n mwv.'' C mcy߃ aømbn 1:18 24 \ Inbn p v. sszh-]p-{x P\n-t - Xv t_-xvse-sl-an Bbn-cn- p-sa an m-bpss {]h- -N\w (an m 5:2) ]q Øo-I-cn- -s - p. \kdøn Xmakn ncp butk pw adnbhpw cmpi ]\ A\pkcn v P\kwJym Ws Sp p Xn\p t]scgpxn \S]-Sn v t_xvselante v t]mipibpw AhnsS h v Cutimsb {]khn pibpw snbvxp (eq m 2:1 31, aøm.2:1 23 hmbn pi). cmpm-[n-cm-p-\mb Cutimsb {]k-hn- p-hm Hcp ÿew In msx hnj-an- - Xpw ""\ns lrz-b-øn-eqss Hcp hmƒ Xpf- p-i-b-dp''- sa ina- -tbms {]h-n-\hpw tltdm-tz-kns hmfn \n pw Ip ns\ c n- p-hm CuPn-]vXn- -te- p ]mem-b-\hpw adnbsø F{X-tØmfw hymipennø-bm- n-sb v \ap v a\- n-em- mw. tltdm-tz-kns ac-w-tijw CuPn-]vXn \n p Xncn- p-h Xncp- p-spw_w \kdøn Xma-kn- p. ]n osv tbiphns 12 hb phscbp Ime-L- -sø eq m kphntiji Hcp hmiyøn Npcp n FgpXnbncn p p. ""inip hf p. m\w \nd p i \mbn; sszhøns Ir] Ahs ta D mbncp p'' (eq m 2:40). ]{ mw hb n Cutimsb Pdpktew tzhmebøn h v ImWmXmIp Xpw adnbøns bpw butk ns bpw At\zjW ßfpw aq mw Znhkw Cutimsb Is -Øp Xpw eq m 2:41 52 hnhcn p p. hnip {KŸØn hnizoicn ncn p c mic Ncn{Xw AtX]Sn ChnsS hnhcn p n. ImcWw, \mw hnip {KŸw hnip ntbmss hmbn ptºmƒ Adnhp am{xa sszhm\p{klhpw [mcmfambn e`n pw. c I\mb tbiphns a\pjymhxmcøn\p adnbøns ] v F{X hepxmsw p apifn ]d ncn p ss nƒ `mk߃ hmbn ptºmƒ a\ nemip XmWv. AXpt]mse Xs {]Xnk n IfpsSbpw {]Xn_ ßfpsSbpw \Sphn ]XdmsX adnbøns 24 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

25 I\ym{hXw ImØpkq n v Ip ns\bpw AΩsbbpw kwc n v sszh]p{x\mb DÆnCutimsb hf Ønb butk p]nxmhns amlmflyw F{X hepxmw v \ap v a\ nem mw. butk p ]nxmhv CutimbpsS ]ckypohnxøn\p apºpxs A zm\ `mcøm tcmk_m[nx\mbn adnbøns bpw CutimbpsSbpw ip{iqjiƒ e`n v `mkyacww {]m]n p. butk p]nxmhns acwtijw butk ns ktlmzc s tbm mbpss `mcy adnbhpw Ah-cpsS \mev ]p{x amcpw aq v ]p{xnamcpssbpwiqss adnbw Xma-kn- p. tbip-hns ]c-ky-po-hn-x-øns Bcw-`-Øn Im\mbnse IeymWhncp n h v adnbøns At] {ihn v tbip A p XIcambn sh w ho m n Xs alxzw shfns SpØnbXv tbml m 2:1-12 hnhcn p p. XpS v tbiphns ]cky PohnXIme kw`hßfpw IpcnipacWhpw \mev kphntijicpw hnhcn p p v. tbiphns ]oum\p`hthfbn adnbøns kpoh km n yw kphntiji m hy am p p. tbiphns acwøn\p apºv injy\mb tbml ms\ Xs AΩbv pw AΩsb tbml m\pw G n psimsp p Xmbn tbml. 19:26 27 tcjs SpØnbncn p p. Cutim kz mtcmlww snøp Xn\papºv Xs AΩbpsS ] h v hns]dbp Xpw [mcmfw kwkmcn p Xpw acnb hmƒtxm ØbpsS "sszha\pjys kvt\lkox' F ]pkvxiw 16 mw hmeyøn hnhcn p p v. tbip Db søgpt Xns \m ]Xmw Znhkw A pxic amb alnatbmspw PbtØmSpw IqSn kz mtcmlww snbvxt mƒ injy amtcmssm w ]cnip I\yImadnbhpw D mbncp p. tbip hns kz mtcmlwøn\ptijw `bninxcmbncp «ol msc H n p \bn p Xn adnbw hln ] v kvxp-xy lamwv. A kvtxme {]h Ø\߃ 1:14 FgpXnbncn p p: ""Ch GI a\t mss tbiphns AΩbmb adnbtømspw a pkv{xoitfmspw Ahs ktlmzc amtcmspsam w {]m \bn apgpinbncp p''. sklntbm Du pimebn ]{ v A kvtxme amcpw ]cnip I\yImadnbhpw {]m \m\ncxcmbncp t mgmwv ]nxmhmb sszhøns hexp`mkøv D]-hn-jvS-\mb ]p{x\mb sszhw ]cnip mflmhns\ AhcpsSta Ab- -Xv. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 25

26 1. temiamkieap P\ßfpsS t]cv FgpXnt s SWw F Iev]\ ]pds Sphn tdma N{Ih Øn AKÃkv kok 2. ZmhoZns tkm{xw ÿnxnsnbvxncp ÿew t_xvseslw 3. Pdpktean \n v t_xvseslante p Zqcw 7. In.ao. 4. hn. butk ns\ km Δ{XnI k`bpss a yÿ Bbn {]Jym ]n Xv 1870 Unkw_ 8 -\v, 9 mw ]obqkv ]m 5. hn. butk ns\ k`bpss ]nxmhmbn {]Jym]n Xv , setbm 13 mw ]m 6. hn. butk ns\ Xncp pspw_øns Imh mc\mbn {]Jym]n Xv 1920, 15 mw s_\univsv ]m 7. hn. butk ns ktlmzc\mb s tbm mbpss a fn A kvtxme kwløn Dƒs ncp h inatbm, sndnb bmt m_v, bqzm XtZhqk.v 26 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

27 5. adn-b-øns kz m-tcm-]ww ] pkvxmbv ptijw ]cnip I\yImadnbw Xmakn n cp Xv hnip tbml mt\mspiqss Pdpkteanembncp p. amxmhns ip{iqjicmbn Ipd v I\yIamcpap mbncp p. amxmhv Znhtk\ tbiphns Xncp d kμ in v {]m n mdp mbn cp p. C\n I dbn h m amxmhns\ sim psa pw icocw Zln n psa pw blqz `ojwns SpØn. I Ømhns «ol m F mhcpw kphntij {]h Ø\Øn\mbn temiøns hnhn[ `mkßfnte v t]mbn gn ncp Xn\m klmbøn\v Bcpw Xs C mø Ahÿbmbn. ({]txyi {i bv v: Cu A ymbøns BZy`mK߃ FSpØncn p Xv hn. tbml ms t]cn Adnbs Sp A{]amWnI {KŸØns {Ko p `mjyøn \n pw ]n osp h a p IsøgpØp {]XnIfn \n pamwv) Hcp Znhkw K{_ntb amemj adnbøn\v {]Xy s v Adnbn X\pkcn v amxmhv aq v I\yIamtcmSpIqSn t_xvesl antebv p t]mbn. AhnsS Ahƒ \nc cw {]m \bnepw [ym\ønepw apgpinbncp p. Hcp sh nbmgvn adnbw hfsc ownxbmbn ImWs p. tbml ms\ ImWphm Ahƒ B{Kln p. Cu kabw Ft^tkmknembncp tbml ms\ ]cnip mflmhv Adnbn p: ""\ns I Ømhns AΩ CutemI hmkw hn p]ncnbm t]mip p. thkw t_xveslanse ho nseøn Ahsf ImWpI.'' tbml m t_xveslantebv p t]miphm Xømdmbt mƒ Hcp talw XmWph v Ahs\ hln pibpw an thkøn t_xvselanse `h\øn FØn pibpw snbvxp. Ahs\ I v amxmhv AXy[nIw kt mjn p. amxmhv ]d X\pkcn v tbml m [q]w h v {]m n p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 27

28 {]m \m\ cw adnbw tbml ms\ AcnIn hnfn v CSdnb kzcøn ]d p: ""\ns Kpcp Ft msv ]d n p Xpt]mse kiehpw \nhrønbmbncn p p. Ah ]d n p ASbmfßfpw kw`hn ncn p p. Dbn søgpt dd aninlmbpw amemjamcpss almkwlhpw Rm acn p Xn\p apºv Fs kao]øp hcpsa p ]d n p Xv Rm Znhym\μtØmsS {]Xo n p p''. adnbw hnxpºn c p. AXpI v tbml m\pw Ic p. B injy XqhmesIm v amxmhns IÆp\o XpS p. CXn\Iw ]cnip mflmhn \n v ktμiw e`n I Ømhns «ol am hnhn[ tzißfn \n v ]pds Sm Hcpßnbt mƒ aninlm {]ImiØns talßfn HmtcmcpØ pw kz ob cy߃ Ab psimspøp. amemjamcm hln s kz ob cyßsf ]cnip mflmhv hmbpawvueøn IqSn t_xveslan te v AXnthKw \bn p. ]utemkpw a p «ol amcpw t_xvesl an FØnt Xn\p tijw ]cnip adnbøns ASpØph v ]mzßfn Npw_n p. ]t{xmkns t\xrxzøn «ol m [q]w h p {]m n p. Cu kabw BImiØn CSnapg ap mbn. amxmhv InS ncp apdnbn kpk ]cnafhpw {]Imihpw ]c p. t_xveslanep m bncp hsc mw A pxicamb Cu ImgvNIƒ ImWpIbpw PdpkseanseØn F mhscbpw Adnbn pibpw snbvxp. At\Iw t] h v adnbsø hμn pibpw B `mkyhxnbn \n p P\n aninlmbn hnizkn pibpw snbvxp. \nch[n tcmkniƒ kujyw {]m]n pibpw hnhn[ A px߃ \S pibpw snbvxp. CsX mw ti dn v {Ip cmb blqzcpw BNmcy mcpw hnfdn]nsn v t_xve slanseøn amxmhns\xntc P\ßsf kwlsn n p. adnbsø F{Xbpw thkw \in n ns n AhfpsS A pxkn nbm P\w Atßmt v BI jn s Spsa pw AXv X߃ v `o WnbmIpsa pw Ah IW m n. Kh W blqzcpss \n _ Øn\p hgßn kl{km[n]s\ t_xveslante b p. CtX kabw ]cnip mflmhv AcpfnsNbvXX\pkcn v «ol m amxmhns\ InS tbmss shfnbnend n. s] v Hcp taløm Ah amemjamcpss Km\mem]ßtfmsS tzisams bpw kpk w hoins m v kwhln s v Pdpksean ]cnip I\yIbpsS `h\øn FØn s p. A p ZnhktØbv v Ahƒ Fgpt p 28 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

29 \n v CSXShn msx sszhkvxpxniƒ Be]n psim ncp p. amxmhpw «ol mcpw A pxicambn PdpkseanseØnsb pw [mcmfw P\߃ amxmhnt\msv {]m n p psh pw a\ nem nb blqz ]ptcmlnxtcmssm w hndipw XobpsaSpØv sim v adnb Øns `h\w Zln n p Xn\mbn ]pds p. Kh W CXv AIse \n v ImWp p mbncp p. blqzp\w hmxn FØnbt mƒ, s]s v hosn\p n \n v amemjamcpss {]h Ø\Øm A n ]pds v B blqzsc Zln n p. ] WØn apgph `bapfhmbn; Ahfn \n v P\n sszhsø F mhcpw alxzs SpØn. kw`hn XpI Kh W P\tØmSv hnfn p ]d p: ""\n߃ ]pdøm phm {ian I\yIbn \n p P\n h kxyambpw sszh]p{x\mwv; ImcWw, CXv Xo bmbpw kxysszhøns ASbmfamWv.'' blqz nsbn tncnxncnhp mbn; kw`hn ASbmf߃ \nanøw At\I I ØmhotimaninlmbpsS \maøn hnizkn p. I Ømhns Znhkamb RmbdmgvN amxmhv «ol mtcmsv ]d p: ""[q]w Hcp phn ; ImcWw, amemjamcpss hyqltømsp IqsS, t{imth mcpss knwlmk\ønencp v aninlm hcp p.'' «ol m {]m n psim ncp t mƒ AkwJyw ssk\yß tfmspw D{K{]Xm]tØmSpw IqsS I Ømhv {]Xy s p. AhnS tøbv p aptº t]mbncp {]Imihebw, GIPmXs BKa\ kqniambn ]cnip I\yIbpsSta h ncp Xmbn ImWs p. kz ob i nisf mw Ahs apºn kmjvsmwkw howv Bcm[n p. I Ømhv AhnSpsØ AΩsb hnfn p: ""adnbw'', Ahƒ hnfnti p. ""I Ømth, CXm Rm.'' I Ømhv AhtfmSv AcpƒsNbvXp: ""Zp:Jnt m; \ns lrzbw BÀmZn pibpw kt mjn pibpw snøs ; ImcWw, Fs ]nxmhv F\n p \ Inbncn p alxzw Z in phm\p Ir] \n\ v e`n ncn p p.'' ]cnip amxmhv IÆpIfpb Øn t\m nbt mƒ, a\pjylrzb߃ p a\ nem phmt\m hm pifm hnhcn phmt\m Akm[yamb AhnSsØ alxzw Ahƒ Z in p. AhfpsS ASpØp\n v I Ømhv Acpfn snbvxp: ""Ct mƒ \ns Aaqeyicocw ]dpzokbnte v kwhln s Spw; \ns Bflmhv kz Øn AXyp ze{]`bn Fs ]nxmhns \nt ]ßfpsS IqsS, kam[m\ønepw amemjamcpss BÀmZØnepw kwc n s Spw.'' sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 29

30 adnbw I Ømhnt\mSv {]m n pign t mƒ, I Ømhv AhnSpsØ AΩtbmSv AcpfnNbvXp: ""\ns lrzbw BÀmZn pibpw kt mjn pibpw snøs, ImcWw kz ÿ\mb ]nxmhpw Rm\pw ]cnip mflmhpw F m Ir]Ifpw Zm\ßfpw \n\ p \ Iphm a\ mbncn p p. \ns \maw hnfn t] n p Hcmflmhn\pw e nt nhcn ; {]XypX, Ah Cu temiønepw ]ctemiønepw kz ob]nxmhns k n[nbnepw IcpWbpw Bizmkhpw, klmbhpw Bflhnizmkhpw {]m]n pw.'' I Ømhv Xncn v ]t{xmknt\msv AcpfnsNbvXp: ""kvxpxnkoxw Be]n phm\p kabambncn p p''. ]t{xmkv kvxpxnbpss Io Ø\w Bcw`n t mƒ, kz ob i niƒ lt eqb ]msn. At mƒ I Ømhns AΩbpsS apjw {]Imi sø mƒ tim`n p. I Ømhv Xs \n Ωeamb Ic߃ \o n ]cnip hpw If clnxhpamb AhfpsS Bflmhns\ kzoicn p. AhfpsS \njvif Bflmhv th s] t mƒ B ÿew apgph kpc`ne ]cnafømepw Ah Æ\ob {]ImiØmepw \nd p; kz Øn \n v Cßs\sbmcp kzchpw ti p: ""\o kv{xoifn A\p{KloXbmIp p.'' ]t{xmkpw ]utemkpw tbml m\pw HmSnsbØn, hnip oicww {]m]n m\mbn AhfpsS hninjvs ]mz߃ Npw_n p. «ol m AhfpsS icocw iøbn InSØn kwhln p KXvtka\nbnse ]pxnb I dbn \nt ]n p. kwkvimcøn\p tijw «ol m sskøp] hxønte p asßnt mbn. ({i n pi: CXphscbp hnhc߃ hn. tbml ms t]cn Adnbs Sp A{]amWnI {KŸØns {Ko p `mjyøn \n pw XpS p h a p IsøgpØp {]XnIfn \n pw FSpØn p XmWv. Ch k`bpss {]mamwni {KŸØn \n p hb.) sszh]p{x\v amwkc ߃ \ Inb ]cnip I\yIm adnbøn icocøn\p a p icoc߃s t mse {ZhXzw kw`hn cpsx v I Ømhv B{Kln p. I_dnSØn AS w snøs ZnhyP\\nbpsS arxicocønte p aninlm Poh Xncn p simspøp. B Znhyicocw {]ImiØns cyøn hbv s v ]dpzokmbnte m\bn s p. 30 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

31 - amxmhns PohnXm ysø pdn p Adnbn v C ybnte p bm{x ]pd- -s ncp txmam«olmbv v ]cnip mflmhv hgn e`ns nepw a p «ol mtcmssm w amxmhns A ythfbn PdpkseanseØm km[n n. (txmam«ol C ybnte p bm{xbn ]m ym, taunbm, t] kym, F o cmpyßfn kphntijthe snbvxv h j-߃ v tij-amwv C ybnse ØnbXv). ]cnip mflmhns i nbm BImi talßfn hln s v bm{xsnøth sskøp] ΔXØns apifnseønb t mƒ BImihoYnbn henb Bchhpw amemjamcpss lt eqbm kvxpxnifpw ti v txmam«olm Aºc p!. amxmhns\ ]dpzokbnte v amemjamcm kwhln s Sp ImgvNbmWv ImWp sx v ]cnip mflmhn \n pw a\ nem nb txmam«olm Dds d p: ""amemjamtc, Aev]w \n tw. Fs Kpcphns h eamxmhns\ Rm H v Z in psim s.'' txmam«olbpss i_vzw ti am{xbn A ncyw BImiØn \n Øs p. hm\ talßfm hln s Sp txmam«olm amxmhns\ hln ncp cyøn\v kao]søøn. ]cnip amxmhns\ Npw_n Xn\ptijw ]d p: ""I mepw, Fs \mys AΩsb ImWm\p `mkyw F\n p mbt m. `mkyhxnbmb AtΩ, \n\ v alxzw. amxmhv B\μNnØbmbn txmam«olmsb Bio ΔZn p. Cutim ]d p: ""txmamtb, \o `mkyhm\mip p. \o I alxzøns hnhc߃ \ns Iq pimsc Adnbn pi.'' «ol m hnizknt Xn\v HcS bmfw tnmzn txmambv v ]cnip AΩbpsS A nta si n h Xpw «ol m Npw_n Xpamb Ac (kqt\mtdm) Agn v \ In. A\ cw amxmhns\ hln ncp A ncyw kz ob tk\ IfpsS AIºSntbmsS ]dpzokmbnte v FSp s p. txmam«olm talßfn kwhln v sskøp] ΔXØn ImØncp addp «ol\vamcpss kao]søøn. BImiat y amxmhns\ I Imcyw a p «ol m hnizkn n. Ah txmakns\ KXvtkan\nbnepff I dbn sim pt]mbn. txmakns\ amxm hns A\p{Klw {]m]n p Xn\pambn Ah I_dnSw Xpd p. F m AXv iq\yambn ImWs p. F mhcpw hnkvab`cnxcmbn. amxmhns icocøn \n v e`n kqt\mtdm txmam«ol Ahsc ImWn t mƒ F mhcpw hnizkn pibpw Iangv phowv ]cnip AΩbpsS Ac sb Npw_n pibpw Ahsf icoctømss sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 31

32 - ]dqzokbnte v FSpØ sszhsø alxzs SpØpIbpw snbvxp. ]n osv talcyßfn Ibdnh «ol m HmtcmcpØcpw Ahch h ÿeßfnte v Xncn pt]mbn. (X-an-gv\m- nse ssaem- q-cn h v sim- -s txmam-«o-lm-bpss Xncp-ti-jn v ]n osv Dd-lm-bn-te v sim p-t]m-bn-cp- p G{]n amk-øn At ym-iy-bnse ]m{xn-b - okv _mh ]pcm- X\ tcj-iƒ ]cn-tim-[n- -t mƒ amxmhv txmam-«o-lmbv v \ Inb kqt\msdmsb- p-dn v hnhcw e`n- p-ibpw _mh-bpss Iev]\ {]Imcw tlmwknse tzhm- -e-b-øns t{xmtwmkv s]m-fn v AXn Hcp inem-t]-s-i-øn \n p kqt\m-sdmbpw txmam-«o-lm-bpss Aÿn ÿm]n- n-cp Ipgepw e`n- p kqt\m-sdm-bpss Ipd v `mkw C y-bn-te v sim p-h-cn-ibpw 1982 s^{_p-hcn 26- mw XobXn AXns Hcwiw aw ImSv hn. a Øm-a-dnbw bmt m-_mb kpdnbm\n ] n-bn ÿm]n- pibpw snbvxp F v {]kvxpx ] nbpss Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn Im-Wp- p) 1. ]cnip AΩbpsS acwsø pdn v k`bpss BZyImeØv ]d ncp Xv adnbøns \n{z, kz bm{x, IS pt]m v, KrlmKa\w 2. ]cnip AΩbpsS Xncpicocw kotbm `h\øn \n v, «ol m KXvtkan\nbn sim pt]mbn AS nb ÿew tbip ]oum\p`hthfbn {]m n ÿeøn\p hs p `mkøv. (sit{zm Xmgvhcbn KXvtkan\nbnse t{kmt mtbmsv tn p ÿeøv) 3. ]cnip AΩbpsS kz mtcm]wøn\v sxfnhmbn hn. tpm suanjn D cn p Ncn{Xw Fhp nambniv Ncn{Xw 4. adnbøns kz mtcm]ww Hcp hnizmkkxyambn {]Jym ]n Xv 1950 \hw_ 1 mw XobXn 12 mw ]obqkv am m. 32 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

33 II adnbw k`m{]t_m[\ßfn 6. sszh amxmhv 7. Aatem h amxmhv 8. I\yI amxmhv 9. kz mtcm]nx amxmhv 10. amxmhns am yÿyw (a yÿbpw klc Ibpw hc{]kmz]q Æbpw) 11. ]cn. adnbw k`bpss amxmhpw amxribpw {]XoIhpw temic I\mb sszh]p{xs\ \ap mbn kωm\n m sszhtømsv klicn a\pjyhy nbmwv ]cnip I\yIm adnbw. Ncn{XØn Pohn p {InkvXphmWv k`. k`bpss ÿm]\ Znhkamb ] pkvxm Zn\Øn ]cnip AΩbpsS t\xrxzønemwv injy m {]m n Xpw ]cnip mflmhns\ kzoicn Xpw. Hmtcm ss{ikvxhs bpw B ymflni amxmhmwv ]cnip I\yImadnbw. ]{ mw ]obpkv am ]m ]dbp p: ""inc mb {InkvXphpw icocamb k`bpw XΩn Iq nbnw p IgpØmWv adnbw.'' c mw høn m Iu kn tcjs SpØnbncn p p: ""]cnip AΩ Adnbs SpIbpw kvt\ln s SpIbpw hwß s SpIbpw snøptºmƒ AXnep]cn ]p{x Adnbs SpIbpw kvt\ln s SpIbpw Bcm[n s SpIbpw alxzoirxam s SpIbpw snøpw'' (Xn-cp-k` 8:66). c mw høn- m Iu -kn-ens ]Xn-\mdv {]amw tcj-i-fn BZy{]amWtcJ-bmb "Xncp-k-`'-bpsS 8 mw A ymbw ""{Inkv-Xp-hn-s bpw k`- -bp-ssbpw cl-ky-øn sszh- -am-xm-hmb ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn-\p ÿm\w'' {]-txy-i-ambn adnb-øns amlm-flysø FSp-Øp-Im-Wn- p- p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 33

34 ItØmen m hnizmknifpw bmt m_mb hnizmknifpw Hcn epw adnbsø Bcm[n p n. adn v, Ahsf _lpam\n p Ibpw hwßpibpw am{xta snøp p q. Bcm[\ sszhøn\p am{xap XmWv. ItØmen m k`bpss axt_m[\ {KŸØn adnbsø pdn v C{]Imcw ]dbp p: ""Xs ]p{xs AΩbmbncn m sszhw lδmbpss k m\]cºcbn \n p I\yImadn bsø sxcs SpØp. sszhir] \nd hfmb Ahƒ, c mi ΩØns AXypØa^eamWv. DZv`hØns BZy\nanjw apx, adnbw DZv`h]m]amen\yØn \n p ]cn]q Æ hnap bmbn ]cn c n s p. PohnXImew apgph hy n]camb F m ]m] ßfn \n pw Ahƒ hnap bmbncp p'' (CCC 508). ]cnip amxmhns\ pdn v ItØmen mk` Nne hnizmk kxy߃ HutZymKnIambn {]Jym]n n p v. sszhw shfns SpØnb kxy߃ k`bpss {]t_m[\m[nimcap]tbmkn v {]Jym]n p XmWv hnizmk kxy߃ AYhm tum Iƒ. sszhw Hcn epw ssk m niamb {]kvxmh\iƒ \SØp n. sszhw shfns SpØnb kxyßfpss ]n osp hymjym\hpw kv]jvsamb hnhcwhpamwv hnizmkkxyßfmbn \ Is SpI. krjvsnbnepw Ncn{XØnepap CSs]SepIfneqsSbmWv sszhw Xs Øs shfns SpØpI. sszhøns Cu BhnjvImcsØ am\pjni `mjifntebv v samgnam w sntø nbncn p p. tbip {InkvXphns hy nxzøneqssbpw ZuXyØneqsSbpw sszhw BhnjvIcn p c bpss ktμiamwv F m ss{ikvxh hnizmk kxyßfpw. \q m pifmbn k` hnizkn pt]m kxyßfpss hymjym\hpw \n hn\hpamwv HutZymKnI {]Jym]\ØneqsS \SØp Xv. adnbw sszhøns AΩbmsW pw Ahƒ \nxy I\yIbmsW pw Aatem hbmsw pw kz mtcm]nxsb pw ItØmen mk` hnizmkkxyambn {]Jym]n n p v. k`bpss {]t_m[\߃ v Zriyhpw AZriyhpamb AwKoImcw kz Øn \n p e`n p p v. Zriyamb AwKoImcØn\v DZmlcWamWv amxmhns Aatem hw Hcp hnizmkkxyambn 1854 Unkw_ 8 mw XnbXn H ]Xmw ]obpkv am ]m {]Jym]n v \mep h jw Ign t mƒ 1858 am v 25 mw XobXn sszhamxmhv eq ±n _ WZoØbv v {]Xy s v "Rm Aatem hbmwv' F p ]d- Xv. 34 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

35 6. sszh amxmhv 6. sszh amxmhv (Xncp\mƒ : P\phcn 1) sszhhpw a\pjy\pamb {InkvXphns AΩbmWv adnbw. AXn\m adnbsø sszhamxmhv F phnfn p p. ""I\yIm adnbw... bym Øn sszhøns bpw c Is bpw AΩbmbn AwKoIcn s SpIbpw _lpam\n s SpIbpw snøp p'' (CCC. 963). c mici ΩØnep adnbøns `mk`mknxzw ASßnbncn p Xv sszhamxrxzønemwv. ]cnip {XnXzØnse c masø hy n a\pjy\mbn AhXcn sszhkpx\mb {InkvXphmsW pw, ]cnip I\yImadnbw B sszhkpx\v X neqss Cu `qanbn P w \ InbXpsIm v sszhamxmhmsw pw D hnizm-k-amwv sszhamxrxzw F XpsIm v A am p Xv. adnbøns CfbΩbmb Fenk_Øv Ahsf A`nkwt_m[\ snbvxxv ""I Ømhns AΩ'' (eq m 1:43) F p ]d mwv. adnbsø kw_ n Xncpk`bpsS BZysØ hnizmkkxyhpw adnbw sszhamxmhv BIp p F XmWv. 1. ]cnip adnbøn\p kwkn amb hcßfn h v G hpw t{ijvtambxv sszhamxrxzw 2. ss{ikvxh Nn bn adnbøns sszhamxrxzsø p dn p hnizmkw cq]wsim Xv H mw \q m ns Bcw`w apx 3. adnbsø "sszhamxmhv' F v BZyambn hnfn k`m[nimcn tdmanse sa{xm\mbncp lnt mfn kv ( ) 4. sszhamxmhv F ]Z{]tbmKw k`bn ]q Æambpw AwKoIcn s Xv hn. AØ\mkntbmkns Imew apx ( ) 5. adnbøns sszhamxrxzw Hcp hnizmkkxyambn k` {]Jym]n Xv se Ft^tkmkv km Δ{XnI kq\l tzmkn h v sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 35

36 6. sszhamxrxzøns\xncmb s\kvtxmdnb\nkw F A_ kn m w F mwv? tbiphn sszhbfpw a\pjybfpw Ds pw I\yImadnbw a\pjy\mb tbiphns AΩ am{xamsw pw sszhamb tbiphns AΩbs pap {]t_m[-\-amwv s\-kn-txm-dn-b \nkw Cu A_ kn m w {]Ncn n Xv tim kvddm n t\m nfnse sa{xmt meoøbmb s\kvtxmdnbqkmbncp p. AXn\m CXns\ "s\kvtxmdnb\nkw' F p hn-fn p p. 7. s\kvtxmdnb\nkøns\ FXn ØpsIm p Ft^tkmkv kq\ltzmkns sszh-am-xr-xz-sø- p-dn- p \n ΔN\w ""FΩm\pth bym Øn sszhamsw pw X mcw Øm ]cnip I\yI bym Øn sszhøns AΩ bmsw pw hnizkn v G p]dbmøh XnckvIrX\mIs ''. 8. adnbøns sszhamxrxzsø n Ft^tkmkv kq\ltzmkv \ Inb \n ΔN\w Bh Øn n p kq\ltzmkpiƒ Im kntum (451), c mw tim Ãm nt\m nƒ (553), aq mw tim Ãm nt\m nƒ (680), aq mw em d (1179) c mw høn m ( ) 9. ]cnip adnbsø sszhamxmhmbn AwKoIcn møh sszhøn \n pw th s] hcmwv F p ]d Xv {KnKdn \knbm k 10. sszhamxrxzsø sxfnbn p hnip {KŸ`mK߃ Giø 7:14, an 5:2, aøm. 1:16, 1:20, 12:46, 13:55, eq m 1:35, 1:43, 2:6, Kem.4: sszhamxrxzsø pdn v am n eqy ]dbp Xv "adnbw bym Øn a\pjyipeøns amxmhv F p am{x a hnfn s ts Xv, adn v sszhamxmsh piqsnbmwv... adnbw kxysszhøns amxmhmsw Xn kwibøn\nsbn.' 12. adnbøns sszhamxrxzøn\p kp{klhpw kmck `hpamb hymjym\w \ InbXv : hn. txmakv AIzn\mkv ( ) 13. amxmhns sszhamxrxzsø n ]dbp c mw høn m kq\ltzmkns Un{In : P\XIfpsS {]Imiw F mw A ymbw 14. hmkpembv v Cutim shfns SpØnbXpw FgpXnhbv m ]d Xpamb sszhamxmhns\ pdn p `mkw ""Fs AΩsb ]cnxypn p htc Rm Blzm\w snøp p. snhn Xpd v tiƒ pi. Fs AΩ kz Øn cm nbmwv sszhamxmhv F dnbs SpIbpw snøp p''. (sszhønep bym PohnXw Vol. 3) 36 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

37 7. Aa-temXv`h amxmhv (Xncp\mƒ : Unkw-_ 8) sszhamxmhmip-hm-\p kv{xo F \nebn adnbøn\p sszhw k-ωm\n Hcp khntijhcamwv Aatem hw. ]cnip I\yImadnbw, Xs AΩbmb A mbpss DZcØn Dcphm s t mƒøs k Δ i \mb sszhøns Ir]bm a\pjy hwiøns c I\mb CutimaninlmbpsS tbmkyxiƒ ]cnkwn v, P ]m]øns kiehn[ amen\yßfn \n pw ]q Æambpw hnap ambncp p. I\yImadnbw ]m]clnxbmbxn \memwv sszhzqx ""sszhir]\nd htf; kzkvxn, I Ømhv \nt mspiqss!'' (eq m 1:28) F v A`nkwt_m[\ snbvxxv. Ggmw \q m papx ]uckvxyk`bnepw 9 mw \q m papx ]m mxyk`bnepw, adnbøns P\\Øncp\mfpw Aatem h Øncp\mfpw BtLmjn phm XpSßn. H mw em d (1123), s{x t mkv ( ) F o kq\ltzmkpifn hnizamb N bv pw ]T\Øn\pw \nka\߃ pw hnt[bam nbn p XmWv adnbøns Aatem hw. tpm c ma, knivøqkv \mema, t]mƒ \mema XpSßnb ap Imeam m am Aatem h kxysø pdn p k`bpss ho Ww hnizam nbncp p. Ggph j mew kpzo Lamb ]T\Øn\pw sszhimkv{x cpambp N I ƒ pw tijw 1854 Unkw_ 8 mw XobXn H ]Xmw ]obqkv am m "Cs\^m_nenkv tzhqkv' F XncpshgpØphgn adnbøns Aatem hw Hcp hnizmkkxyambn {]Jym]n p. Unkw_ 8 mw XobXn Aatem høncp\mfmbn \n bn pibpw snbvxp. am m bpss Cu {]Jym]\sØ Dd n psim v 1858 am v 25 mw XnbXn eq ±n sszhamxmhv _ WZoØmbv v {]Xy s psim v ]d p: ""Rm Aatem hbmwv.'' sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 37

38 1. Aatem høncp\mƒ ]m mxycmpyßfn Bcw`n hnip - hn. A ksew 2. Aatem hsø pdn p BZy{]_ w FgpXnb k\ymkn Im _dnbnse FUva \q m pifn Aatem hsø pdn v km yw \ Inbh hn. Ft{^w, hn. AKÃn, hn. Awt{_mkv 4. ]cn. I\yIbpsS Aatem høns thz]mcwkx F dnb s Sp Xv hmgvøs U kv kvtim vkv 5. adnbøns Aatem hkxyw kzoicn v AwKoIcn p hsc A\pIqen v tkmfn- n-øptum F A kvtxmeni tej\w {]kn oicn ]m AeIvkm 7 ma, 1661 Unkw_ 8- \v 6. Aatem hxncp\mƒ km Δ{XnIk`bn BtLmjn phm \n bn ]m s a v 11 ma, epøn\nbmbn "Aatem hcm n' F hmiyw Iq nt Ø ]m {KnKdn 16 ma, 1846 sk]vxw_ 13 \v 8. Aatem h` n t{]m mln n phm 1856 hn. suman\niv kmthym ÿm]n kwls\ Aatem høns skmumen n 9. Aatem h hnizmkkxysø pdn v 9 mw ]obqkv ]m ]pds Sphn hniztej\øns 50 mw hm jniw {]amwn v hn. ]Ømw]obqkv ]m m ]pds Sphn Nm{InI tej\w "BZv Znsbw C ', 1907 s^{_phcn 2 \v 10. Aatem h hnizmkkxy {]Jym]\Øns ixm_vzn A\pkvacWambn ]{ mw]obqkv ]m ]pds Sphn Nm{InIteJ\w "^pƒsp kv simtdmw', 1983 sk]vxw. 18 \v 11. shfn]msns ]pkvxiønse 12 mw A ymbønse kv{xo cq]hpw DXv]Øn 3:15 se ""k Øns Xe XI p kv{xobpw'' adnbøns {]Xncq]ambn kmzriys SpØp Xn\p ImcWw Aatem h P\\ØneqsS ]m]sø txmev]n p adnb Øns {]Xncq]ambn Cu `mkw hymjym\n s Sp XpsIm v. 12. \ \nd htf kzkvxn! F K{_ntb ZqXs "A`nkw t_m[\' ]cn. I\yIbpsS Aatem hsø kqnn n p Xm sw p {]kvxmhn s{]m à v t\xmhv am n eqy 38 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

39 8. I\yIm amxmhv (adn-b-øns \nxy I\y-ImXzw) adnbøns I\yImXzw Hcp hnizmkkxyambn A kvtxm eniimew apx AwKoIcn pt]m XmWv. At\Iw ]T\߃ p tijw F.Un. 649 se em d Iu knen h v hn. am n H ma am m adnbøns \nxyi\yimxzw Hcp hnizmkkxyambn {]Jym]n p. c mw høn m Iu kn adnbsø A`nkwt_m [\ snøp Xv "\nxyi\yi'sb pw "AΩ'sb pamwv. Cutim "I\yImadnbØn \n p P\n p sh v' hnizmk{]amwøn \mw {]Jym]n p p v. I\yI K `[mcww {InkvXphns sszh]p{x ÿm\øn\v sxfnhmwv. adnbw ]p{xs\ K `w[cn p Xn\papºpw K `[mcwkabøpw {]khmhkcønepw AXn\ptijhpw I\yIbmbncp psh Xn\m Ahsf k` \nxyi\yisb p hnfn p p. adnbøns ]q ÆI\yImXzØn imcocnihpw Bflob hpamb I\yImXzw Dƒt Øncn p p. I\yImXzsØ sszh tømsp kºq Æ ka Wambn mwv k`m]nxm m a\ nem nbncn p Xv. adnbøns I\yImXzsØ aq v LSIßfmbn mwv hymjym\n pi. a. {]khøn\v ap ]p I\yImXzw : tbiphns\ {]khn p Xn\papºv adnbw I\yIbmbncp p sh v km ys SpØp hnip {KŸ`mKßfmWv Xmsg simsp Øncn p Xv i) ""I\yI K `w [cn v Hcp ]p{xs\ {]khn pw'' (aøm.1:22). tbip-hns P\-\-sØ- p-dn v Giøm {]hm-n-i hgn sszhw Acpfn- sn-bvxxv hn. aømbn ChnsS Bh Øn- p-d- n- p- p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 39

40 ii) ""Bdmw amkw K{_n-tb ZqX Keo-en-bn \k-døv F ] W-Øn, Zmho-Zns hwi-øn s tpmk^v F p-t]-cmb ]pcp-j-\p-ambn hnhm-l-\n- bw snbvxn-cp I\yIbpsS ASptØ v sszhøm Abbv s p. AhfpsS t]cv adnbw F m-bn-cp- p'' (eq m 1:26 27). iii) adnbw ZqX-t\mSv ]d p: ""CsX-ßs\ kw`-hn pw? Rm ]pcpjs\ Adn-bp- n- -t m. ZqX adp-]sn ]d p: ]cn-ip- m-flmhv \ns ta hcpw AXyp- -Xs i n \ns -ta Bh-kn pw. BI-bm P\n- m t]mip inip ]cn-ip-, sszh-øns ]p{x F p- hn-fn- -s Spw'' (eq m 1: 34-35). iv) ""Ahƒ K `w [cn- n-cn- p- Xv ]cn-ip- m-xvam-hn \n- mwv '' (aøm 1:20). b. {]k-hm-h-k-c-ønse I\y-ImXzw: adnbw ]cn-ip- m-hn-\m K `w [cn- -Xp-t]mse Ahƒ {]k-hn- Xpw Bflm-hns AZv`p-X-I-c-amb {]h Ø-\-^eam-bn- mwv. {]kh-th-f-bnepw adn-b-øns I\y-mN Ωw t`zn- -s n F mwv ]ek-`m-]n-xm- - mcpw A`n-{]m-bs ncp- -Xv. F m B[p-\nI sszhim-kv{x- - m ]q Æ-I-\y-Im-Xz-Øn\v `wkw hcmsx adnbw kzm`m-hni coxn-bn Øs {]k-hn- -Xmbn Icp-Xp- p. ImcWw, A p-x-i-c-am-sbmcp {]k-h-sø- p-dn v hn. {KŸ-Øn kqn-\-sbm- p-an-. s{]m -Ã v t\xm-hm-bn-cp Dƒdn v kzn n-bpss {]kvxm-h\ ChnsS {]k- -am-wv: ""\ap- mbn sszh-]p-{x-\p-p w \ Inb \n Ωe I\y-Im-a-dn-bw, inip-hns P\-\-Ønepw AXn-\p-ti-j-hpw If- -a I\y-I-bm-bn-Øs XpS p F v kphn-ti-j-ønse hm p-iƒ -\p-krxw Rm ZrV-ambn hniz-kn- p- p.'' c. {]k-hm-\- -c-i-\y-imxzw adnbw K `-[m-c-w-øn-\ptijhpw tbip-hns\ {]k-hn- -Xn-\pti-jhpw, I\y-I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw Ahƒ \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-sw pw ItØm-en- -k` ]Tn- n- p- p. s{]m -Ã v \ho-i-c-w-øns s\sp- \m-b-ixzw hln am n eqy {]kvxm-hn- p: ""adnbw I Ømhns AΩ-bm-sW pw, AΩ Bb-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw I\y-I-bm-sW- p- Xv Hcp hnizm-kkxy-amwv-''. 40 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

41 ss nƒ hmiy-ßfpss {]tbm-k-ssi-enbpw AXp -tc-j-s -Sp- Ø-s ] m-ø-ehpw A]-{K-Yn v hne-bn-cp-ømsx shdpw hmnym -Øn am{xw ImWp-Ibpw sszh-hn-izm-kn-iƒ v CS bp- m- pi F e y-tømss sx mbn hymjym-\n- p-ibpw snøp At\Iw t] \ΩpsS CS-bn Øs D v. Aßs\ sx mbn hymjym-\n- -s -Sp Xns `mk-amwv Xmsg simsp- p hmiy-߃ D]-tbm-Kn v adn-b-øn\v thsdbpw a -fp- m-bn-cp- p-sh NnecpsS {]kw-k߃. i) ""]p{xs\ {]k-hn- p- -Xp-hsc tpmk^v Ahsf Adn- n '' (aøm 1:25): AXn-\p-tijw Adn- p- F- mwv Cu hmiyw A -am- p- -sx v Nne sx mbn hymjym-\n- p- p. tbip-hns I\y-Im-P- \-\søbpw adnbw K `w [cn- -Xn tpmk-^n\v bmsxmcp ] p-an- m-sb hkvxp-x-sbbpw ÿm]n- p-i-bm-wv kphn-ti-j-is e yw. CXn-\p-Xp-ey-ambn Hcp {]tbmkw DXv]Øn 8:6 7 simsp- Øn-cn- p- p: ""\m ]-Xp-Zn-hkw Ign- t mƒ t\ml s] IØn Xm\p- m- n-bn-cp Infn-hm-Xn Xpd- v, Hcp ae- m- sb ]pd-øphn- p. sh w h p-thmfw AXv Aßp-anßpw ]d- p-\-s- p.'' sh w h n-b-xn-\p-tijw AXv s] -I-Øn-te v Xncn- p-h- p-sh v CXp-sIm- -am- p- n-, ii) ""Ahƒ Xs ISn- q ]p-{xs\ {]k-hn p'' (eq m 2:6) : tami-bpss \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn v BZy-Pm-Xs\ tzhm-e-b-øn sim p-sn v ImgvN-h-bv -W-sa ]Xn-hn-s\- p-dn v hmb-\- msc [cn- n- p-i-bmwv ChnsS kphn-ti-j-is e yw. tbip P\n- - Xn-\p-tijw thsd a -fp- m-bn-cp- p-sh v CXn \n v A -am- p- n-. iii) tbip-hns ktlm-z-c- m-scbpw ktlm-z-cn-am-scbpw ] nbp ]cm-a iw (a-øm. 12:46-50, a t m. 6:3, tbml. 7:3-10) : \ΩpsS ]nxm-hn-s tbm amxm-hn-s tbm ktlm-z-co- -k-tlm-z-ccpss a ƒ \ΩpsS ktlm-z-c-ß-fmwv F -Xp-t]mse tbip-hn\pw ktlm-zco ktlm-z-c- m D m-bn-cp- p. A{]-am-Wn-I-{K-Ÿ-amb bmt m-_ns kphn-ti-j-øn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p p: ""butk- ns ac-w-tijw adnbw Xma-kn- Xv butk- ns ktlm-z-c s tbm- m-bpss `mcy adn-bhpw \mep ]p{x- mcpw aq v ]p{xn-amcpw ktlm- Z-c- m-cmb bmt m-_v, sia-tbm, bqzm F n-h-cp-sam-ømwv'' F v. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 41

42 - CXv sxfn-bn- -s - n- n-s - nepw \ap v a\- n-em-ip Hcp hkvxpx tbip-h- msx adn-b-øn\v thsd a fp- mbncp n F -Xm-Wv. tbiphn\v 12 hb- m-ip- -Xp-hsc adn-b-øn\v thsd a -fn- m-bn-cp- p-sh- -Xn\v sxfn-hmwv eq m 2: ImWp- -Xv. s]k-lm- Øn-cp-\m-fn\v tpmk^pw adn-bhpw Pdp-k-te-an t]mb-t mƒ tbipam-{xta IqsS-bp- m-bn-cp- p- p. thsd a -fp- m-bn-cp-s - n AhnsS {]Xn-]mZn- m-xn-cn- n-. tbip-hns acww hsc adn-b-øn\v thsd a -fp- m-bn-cp- n F -Xn\p sxfn-hmwv tbml- m 19:25-27 ImWp- Xv. adn-b-øn-\p- thsd a ƒ D m-bncps - n Ipcn-in Nph- n \n Xs AΩsb tbml- m\v Gev]n- p-sim- Sp- p-i-bn- m-bn-cp- p. api-fn simsp-øn-cn- p- -h-bn \n v adn-b-øn\v tbip-h- msx thsd a -fp- m-bn-cp- n-s pw adnbw \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-bn-cps pw hy -am-ip- p. 1. adnbw "\nxy-i-\yi' F ]Zw BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- Xv hn. AØ-\m-kn-tbmkv 2. ]cn-ip adnbw \n Ωebmb I\y-I-bm-sW v ]d-bp-ibpw ]Tn n p-ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw snbvx BZn-a-k-`-bnse ]nxm- - m At ym-iy-bnse hn. Ct -jy-kv, GY knse Acn-kv -U-kv, hn. AØ-t\-jy-kv, hn. lnt m-fn- -kv, Hcn-P, hn. At{^w, hn. CctW-hq-kv, hn. PÃn F nh 3. adnbw \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-sw hnizm-ksø HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ]Tn n- Xv 553- \S c mw tim Ãm n-t\m- n kq\-l-tzmkv 4. amxm-hns I\y-Im-Xz-sØ- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- p t]mƒ Bdma am m- -bpss Xncp-sh-gpØv acn-b-` n (Marialis Cultus) 5. adn-b-øns \nxy-i-\y-imxzw F -Xp-sIm v A -am- p- Xv I\y-I-bm-bn-cnt ]pcp-j-k-º w IqSmsX Xs sszh-kp- Xs\ K `w[cn- p-ibpw {]k-hn- p-ibpw AXn-\p-tijw I\ym- Xz-Øn\v `wkw hcmsx Pohn- p-ibpw snbvx-xn-s\-bmwv adn-b- Øns \nxy-i-\ymxzw F -Xp-sIm v A -am- p- -Xv. adnbw sszh-øns hn\w kzm ]m-en p-sim v \nxy-i-\y-i-bmbn Pohn- p. 42 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

43 9. kz Km-tcm-]nX amxmhv (Xncp\mƒ : BKÃv 15) (am-xm-hns kz m-tcm-]-ww) adn-b-øns kz m-tcm-]ww Hcp hnizm-k-k-xy-am-wv \hw- _ 1 mw XobXn ap\n-^n-s - o oaqkv tzhqkv (]-c-a-im-cp-wn-i- \mb sszhw) F Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-hgn 12- mw ]obqkv am m- -bmwv CXp -{]-Jym-]n- -Xv. ]m ]d p: ""Aa-tem- -hbpw sszh-am-xmhpw \nxy-i-\y-i-bp-amb adnbw Xs Cu temi-po-hn-x-øns Ahkm\w Bfl-i-co-c-ß-tfmsS kz ob al-xz-øn-te v kwh-ln- s p''f Xv sszhw shfn-s -Sp-Ønb hnizm-k-k-xy-am-sw v \mw {]Jym-]n- p- p.'' A mw \q m- ns a y-l w apx ""sszh-am-xm-hns A\pkva-cWw'' Fs mcp Xncp-\mƒ Pdp-k-te-an\v ASp-Øp Hcp ]pwyk-t -X-Øn Hmtcm h jhpw BKÃv 15- mw XobXn BtLm-jn- ncp- p. 6 mw \q m- ns Ah-km-\-tØmsS adn-b-øns Cl-tem-Ihm-k-Øns A ysø A\p-kva-cn- p Hcp Xncp-\m-fmbn CXp ]cn-w-an- p. ]n osv Cu Xncp-\mƒ ""adn-b-øns \n{z-bpss Xncp- \mƒ'' F -dn-b-s -Sm XpS-ßn. kz m-tcm-]w Xncp-\m-fns BN-cWw tdman Bcw-`n- Xv 7 mw \q m ns a y-tøm-ss-bm-wv. Ime-{I-a-Øn kz m-tcm-]- W-Xn-cp-\mƒ ]cn-ip I\y-I-bpsS Hcp kp{]-[m-\ -Xn-cp-\m-fm-bn- Øo-cp-Ibpw a y-bp-k-øn IS-ap Znh-k-ambn amdp-ibpw snbvxp. kz m-tcm-]w Xncp-\m-fn\v kotdm ae-_m k` "Itc Xncp-\mƒ' F mwv hnfn- n-cp- -Xv. A -kvtxm-eni ]mc-º-cy-øn \n- mwv amxm-hns kz m-tcm- ]-W-sØ- n \mw a\- n-em- p- -Xv. Pohn-X-Ønepw I Ω-Ønepw tbip-{in-kvxp-hn-t\msv sfiy-s - n-cn- p- -h Ahs al-xz-ønepw sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 43

44 ] p-]- p p F Xv ss n-fns hy -amb {]t_m[-am-wv. adnbw tbip-hn\v imco-cn-i-p w \ In-sb p am{x-a Ahƒ Pohn-X-ØnepS\ofw sszh-lnxw \nd-th n a\p-jy-ip-e-øn\v th n-bp sszh- Øns c m-ic ] -Xn-tbmSv \qdp-i-x-am\w kl-i-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp-sh- -Xn\v thz-]p-kvxiw km yw \ Ip- p. Cu Imc-W- Øm D m-\-ønepw Ahƒ Ah-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu A XvY- Øn adn-b-øns kz m-tcm-]-w-øn\v hnip- -{K-Ÿm-Sn-ÿm\w D v F v \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. am n eqy ]d-bp p ""I\y-Im-a-dnbw kz m-tcm-]n-x-bmbn F Xv kwi-b-c-ln-x-amb kwk-xn-bm-wv. AsX-ßs\ kw`-hn- psh- Xv \ap v A m-x- -am-wv.'' as mcp s{]m -à v t\xm-hmb _ nw-k ]d-bp p: ""adn-b-øns ]c-a- ]-hn-{x-amb icocw amem- J-am-cm kz -Øn-tebv v kwh-ln- -s p''. Ch-cpsS {]kvxm-h- \-Itfm hnizm-k-tam a\- n-em- -msx-bm-wv, C p s{]m à v kaq-l-øn `qcn-`mkwt]cpw amxm-hns kz m-tcm-]wsø FXn p- -Xv. adn-b-øns Aa-tem- hw {]Jym-]n- -Xn\p ]n mse kz mtcm-]-wsø kw_- n- p hnizm-k-kxyw {]Jym-]n- -W-sa Bh-iy-hp-ambn 80 e -Øn-tesd IØp-I-fmWv ]e-h j-ß-fn-embn tdman e`n- -Xv. hnizmk {]Jym-]-\-Øn\v GI-tZiw \mep-h jwapºv 1946 tabv 1 mw XobXn {]kvxpx {]Jym-]-\-Øns kmwk- XysØ kw_- n v temi-sa-ºm-sp-ap F m sa{xm- m-cp-ssbpw A`n-{]mbw Bcm- p-sim v 12- mw ]obqkv am m ""sszh-am- Xmhpw I\y-Ibpw"' F Nm{In-I-te-J\w Ab- p. In nb 1181 adp- ]-Sn-Ifn 1159 FÆhpw kz m-tcm-]ww Hcp hnizm-k-k-xy-ambn {]Jym-]n- Ww F v Bh-iy-s -Sp -Xm-bn-cp- p. hniz-k-`-bnse hnhn[ LS-I-ß-fpsS hnizm-k-[m-cw a\- n-em- nb tijw Bhiy-amb {]m -\bpw ]T-\hpw ]cn-nn- -\hpw snbvxmwv 12- mw ]obqkv am m adn-b-øns kz m-tcm-]ww Hcp hnizmk kxy-ambn {]Jym-]n- -Xv. ss n-fnse GsX- nepw kw`-h-øns tbm hnh-c-w-øn-s tbm hmn-i-øn-s tbm ]n _-e-øn-e Cu {]Jym-]-\w. ss n-fns ssnx\yw samø-øn-se-spøv adn-b-sø- - n-bp sszhn-i-]- -Xn-bpsS ]q Øo-I-c-W-ambn ]cn-k-wn- p-sim- mwv kz m-tcm-]-wsø n-bp Cu {]Jym-]\w \S-Øn-b-Xv. 44 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

45 1. kz m-tcm-]ww F -Xns A w Ad se Sumere F eøo hm n \n- mwv Assumption F Cw ojv ]Zw D mb-xv. X n-tebv v Xs kzoi-cn- p-i, apifntebv v FSp- pi F -mwv Cu ]Z-Øns A w. amxmhv sszhi n-bm Bfl-i-co-c-ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS kz -Øn-te v FSp- -s p F -XmWv sszh-im-kv{x-]-c-amb A w. 2. ]nxm-hmb sszh-øns Hma p-am-cnbpw ]p{x-\mb sszh- Øns amxmhpw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns aw-hm- n-bp-amb ]cn. I\yIbpsS Xncp-i-cocw a p -a-\p-jy-cp-ts-xp-t]mse Iran-Iƒ v Blmc-am-bn-Øo-cpI sszh-a-l-xz-øn\v tbmpn- -X F p-]-d hnip- hn. AK-kvXn-t\mkv 3. BKÃv amkw apg-ph amxm-hn\v {]Xn-jvTn v s\mth-\, D]-hmkw, t\mºv Ch-bn-eqsS kz m-tcm-]-w-øn-cp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- p k`m-hn-`mkw - {Ko p-k` sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 45

46 `qkz w t]dp-t ms\ adn-bm-ap-zsc ssis m v Ime-Øn-I-hn t_xvetlw Hm{^-Øm-bn shfn-hm n k tδ-iz-c-\pss s] tω! Icp-W- -Ste, ]cn-ipt! Xmgm-gva-bpsS amxr-itb! {]m n- -Wta, ssish-sn-bt \nt -I-kp-X k n-[n-bn A n- -W-ao-b-Sn-bmsc Ir]bpw hmgvhpw \ I-Wta sszhni kqcy-\p-zn-s Znhymw-_-cta tx kzkvxn Poh-a-csØ apf- n Xncp-h-b-em-atΩ kzkvxn Ip m-sp- m-sbm-cp-a-chpw \ocp-d-shm-gp-inb Xo md \mw-b-a-cp-fnb a y-axpw amxmsh \ns shfn-hm n kie Ncm-Nc {kjvsm-hns\ ssii-fn-em-tlm-jn- -hsf AtΩ! Ir]-sN-bvXo-S-Wta Km\w BZ-Øn ]m]w t]m n t Z-\n-e-hs\tb o-sm XmXm-flPhN\w \c-\mbv Øocm dqlm Xnc-s -SpØ \n Ωe I\y-Itb kzkvxn; c mw luδmtb kzkvxn; Ir]-\n-[n-bm-atΩ kzkvxn Xr ]m Waob-Sn-bmsc Xh-k- n-[n-bn IÆotcm S \ snøpw a sf \o ssish-sn-bt amxmth! a m-\n-t -]nx sn pw Al-tdm X Infp Ø hsnbpw Dƒs m-s mcp \nb-a-s n t«aq X p-dp-am-ep-anh \n kmayw sszh-p-\\n Akv]jvSw \n_n-b amcpw kkv]jvsw «ol amcpw \n kpx-c-lkyw ImWn p kxxw kvxpxy-\-m-ip-i-bm \n pss kq\p anin-lmtb Rß-sf- pw hw-ßp p. 46 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

47 10. adn-b-øns am yÿyw (a y-ÿbpw kl-c- -Ibpw hc-{]-kmz ]q Æ-bp-amb adn-bw) a. a y-ÿ-bmb adnbw {InkvXp -I-gn- m G hpw henb a y-ÿ-bmwv ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-bw. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw \ap v th n \nc- cw am yÿyw hln- p-sim- mwn-cn- p- Xv. G hpw henb a y-ÿ {InkvXp-hm-Wv. hn. ]utemkv 1 XntamØn 2:5-6 ]d-bp- p: ""Fs - m Hcp sszh-ta-bp- p, sszh-øn\pw a\p-jy pw a y-ÿ-\mbn Hcp-h-t\-bp- p a\p-jy- \mb tbip-{in-kvxp. Ah F m-h pw th n Xs -Xs tamn\- aq-ey-ambn \ In. Ah bym-imew \ I-s Hcp km yhp-am-bn-cp p.'' {InkvXp-hns am yÿyøns {]m[m\yw hfsc hy -ambn Cu hn-\- -Øn ]d- n-cn- p p. {InkvXp-hns am yÿy-øn ] p-tn-c-emwv ]cn-ip AΩbpsS am y-ÿy-w. Xncpk`bn adnbsø hnfn t] n p A`n[m\ß fnsem mwv ""a yÿ'' F Xv. c mw høn m kq\ltzmkv hy am nbncn p Xpt]mse Cu A`n[m\w ""GI a yÿ \mb {InkvXphns ÿm\amlmflysøtbm AXns ^ekn n tbtbm GsX nepw hn[øn Ipdbv pitbm Iq pitbm snøp n.'' adnbøns am yÿy-w, {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp sfiy sø i n-s -Sp-Øp- p. {InkvXp-hns c m-ic {]h Ø-\ßfn Ahn-SpsØ AΩsb \ne-bn-epw Zp:Jß-fn ] p-im-cn-sb \ne-bnepw `mk-`m- KnXzw hln adn-bw, kie a\p-jy pw c -{]-Zm\w snøp-hm- \p {InkvXp-hns Znhym-`n-em-j-Ønepw a y-ÿ-sb \ne-bn ] p-tn-cp- p. adn-b-øns al-xzw, Ahƒ {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv hf-scb-[niw ASp-Øn-cn- p- p-sh- -Xn-epw \sω Ahn-S-tØm-Sp- Iq-Sp-X sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 47

48 ASp- n- psim n-cn- p- p-sh- -Xn-ep-amWv AS-ßn-bn-cn- p- -Xv. {InkvXp-hp-ambn \ap v IqSp-X B`n-apJyw \ Ip B ym-flo- Im- -co w krjvsn- p- -Xn-\p-th- n-bmwv adnbw Xs am yÿyw D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim- n-cn- p- -Xv. Xncp- p-x-\m hos -Sp- -s - h mbn adnbw hln- p am yÿyw hf-sc-b-[niw hn]p-ehpw ^e-k-ar- -hp-am-wv. b. kl-c- -I-bmb adnbw sszh-øns c m-ic ] -Xn-bn ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw hln AXp-ey-amb ] n-s\-bmwv 'kl-c- I' F ]Zw-sIm v hnh- n- p- -Xv. temi-c- -Is h -e-am-xm-hpw, c m-i Ω-Øn Ahn-SpsØ kl-im-cn-wnbpw F \ne-bn adnbw ki-e-p-\-x-ifp-ssbpw amxm-hm-wv. sszh-kp-xs amxm-hm-ip-hm kωxw \ Inb ]cnip adnbw AXoh kl-xm-]-tømss Ahn-SpsØ kl-\-øn ] p-tn p. ]Xn-\ mw \q m- p-ap-x-emwv adn-b- Øn\p kl-c- I F ]Zhn \ I-s - -Xv. c. hc-{]-km- -Z]q Æ-bmb adnbw adnbw \ -\n-d- -h-fm-i-bm Ah-fpsS amxr-k-l-p-amb am yÿyw Xo vw-x-tb-dn-bxpw Imcy- -a-hp-am-wv. AXv a\p-jyh sø apgp-h c n- p-hm-\p sszh-øns ] -Xn-bp-ambn tbmpn- pt]m-ip- -Xp-am-Wv. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw kie {]km- Z-h-c-ß-fp-sSbpw km Δ-{XnI a y-ÿbpw Ah-bpsS hnx-c-w- mcn-bp-am-sw v k`m-]m-c-º-cy-ßfpw Xncp-k-`-bpsS HutZym-Kn-I {]-t_m-[\-ßfpw shfn-s -Sp-Øp- p. c m-i Ω-Øn Znhy-kp-Xt\m-sSm w bmx-\-iƒ kln v "kl-c- -I-'sb ]Z-hn-bn-eq-sSbmWv adnbw Cu Ah-Imiw kºm-zn- -Xv. kie -{]-km-z-h-c-ßfpw a\p-jy-cm-in-bn-te v {]h-ln- n p \Zn-bmWv ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-bsa v 14 mw s_\-univsv ]m {]Jym-]n- p. adnbw hc-{]-km-z-\m-ybm-sw v s_\-univsv 15- mw am m {]Jym-]n- p-ibpw adn-b-øns kvxpxn- mbn kie hc-{]-km-z-ß-fp-ssbpw a y-ÿbpss Xncp-\mƒ BtLm-jØn\v XpS w Ipdn p-ibpw snbvxp. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw ]-nxmhmb sszh-tømsv a\p-jyh sø crvpn- n- p {InkvXp-\m-Ys c m-i-c-zu-xy-øn ] p-tn-cp- -Xn-\m kl-c- -Ibpw {InkvXp-\m-Y-t\mSv tn v hc- {]-kmzw kie a\p-jy pw hnx-cww snøp- -Xp-sIm v \ΩpsS am y-ÿy-bp-am-bn. \ΩpsS A`n-`m-j-I-bmWv ]cn-ip adn-bw. adn- 48 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

49 b-øns am y-ÿyhpw kl-c- I ÿm\-hpw hc-{]-km-z-]q Æ ÿm\hpw hnizm-k-k-xy-ß-fmbn Xncp-k` {]Jym-]n- p kabw hnzq-c-a-. 1. ]cn-ip AΩ-bpsS am y-ÿ-yøns ASn-ÿm\ tlxp F mwv? AΩ-bpsS sszh-am-xrxzhpw c m-i-c-i ΩØn-ep kl-i-c-whpw 2. adn-b-øns am yÿyøn-ep BZysØ A pxw Im\m-bnse Ieym-W-hn-cp- n h p- \-S- Xv (tbml. 2:1 11) 3. ]cn-ip AΩ-bpsS km Δ-{XnI am y-ÿy-sø- p-dn v kv]jvsamb {]kvxm-h-\-iƒ \S-Ønb am m- -am H ]Xmw ]obqkv, entbm 13- ma, ]Ømw ]obqkv, s_\-univsv 15 ma, ]{ mw ]obqkv F n-h. 4. ]cn-ip I\y-Isb a\p-jy-hw-i-øns km Δ-{XnI a y-ÿbmbn BZy-ambn kwt_m-[\ snbvxxv hn. At{]w (4- mw \q m- v) 5. adn-b-øn\p "kl-c- I' F \ma-t[bw -B-Zy-ambn D]-tbm- Kn am m 11 mw ]obqkv ]m, Hcp tduntbm ktμ-i-øn 6. adn-b-øns hnizm-ksø c m-ic Ncn-{X-Øn BcpsS hnizmk-tømsv D]-an mw A{_m-l-Øns hnizm-k-tøm-sv. 7. ""c m-ic ] -Xn-bn c -Is AΩbv v {]txy-i-amb Hcp ÿm\-ap v'' F hmiy-tømss adn-b-øns P\-\-Øns c m-bn-c-am n-t\m-s-\p-_- n v tpm t]mƒ c ma am m {]kn- o-i-cn Nm{In-I-te-J\w "c -Is AΩ' (Redemptoris Mater) 8. ""]cn. I\yI ]cn-{xm-w-i Ω-Øn Cutim-bpsS kl-{]-h Ø- IbmWv"" F p {]kvxmhn k`m-]n-xmhv hn. tpm suan-jy 9. ""kv{xohgn ac-whpw kv{xohgn Poh-\pw, AXm-bXv lδm-hgn \mihpw adn-bw-hgn c bpw D mbn- F- p -{]-kvxm-hn- Xv hn. AK-Ãn 10. sszh-øns c m-ic ] -Xn-bn ]cn. I\y-I-sbbpw sszhkp-x-s\bpw Hcp-an- p-im-wp hnip- hn. _ Wm Zv sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 49

50 11. adn-b-øns kl-c- -I-ÿm-\sØ ÿnco-i-cn- p kphn-tij-`m-k-߃ a) tbml. 2:3 (""AhnsS ho p-xo p-t]m-b-t mƒ tbip-hns AΩ Ah-t\mSv ]d- p. Ah v ho n '') b) tbml :19:26-27 (""tbip Xs AΩbpw Xm kvt\ln injy\pw ASp-Øp-\n p- Xv I v AΩ-tbmSv ]d- p. : kv{xotb, CXm, \ns ai. A\- cw Ah B injy-t\msv ]d p: CXm, \ns AΩ'') 12. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn adnbw ""kl-c- I"- -F \ne-bn-ep GXm\pw {]Xo-I-߃ t\mlns s] -Iw, ag-hn- v, hmkvzm-\-t]-siw 13. kss`iy{ia-ßsf Xf Øp-sa Imc-W-Øm temi- {]-ikvx sszh-im-kv{x- - m ka n dnt m ns ASnÿm-\-Øn hnizmk kxy-ß-fmbn {]Jym-]n- m-xn-cp acn-b \n Δ-N-\-߃ adn-b-øns am y-ÿyw. kl-c- -I, hc-{]-km-z-a[yÿ. Km\w \ -t\cpw AΩ hnæn cmp-i\ym [\y k Δ-h-μy- -tacn temi-amxm IÆn-ep-Æn-bm-Ipw- -D-Æn-tbip Xs AΩ-bmb tacn- -tacn temi-amxm (\-...) amxmth amxmth a n Zo]w \otb \obt m \ob-t m- -\n-xy-kvt\-l-[mc Bim-]qcw \otb- -B-{i-b-Xmcw \otb ]mcn Xmb \otb tacn temi-amxm (\-...) ]mh-߃ ss]x-߃- -ssi-iƒ Iq n \nev]q kvt\l-øn IÆo-cm - -]q- ƒ XqIn \nev]q Ipºnƒ\o pw Iøn kvt\lw XqIpw amxm Imcp-Wym[n \mym tacn temi-amxm (\-...) 50 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

51 11. ]cn-ip adnbw k`-bpss amxmhpw amxr-ibpw {]Xo-Ihpw adnbw c -I-\mb {InkvXp-hns amxm-hm-bn-cn- p- -Xp-t]mse k` c n- -s - -h-cp-ss-sb mw amxm-hm-wv. k`mico-c-øns incmb aninlmbv v P- - w -sim-spø adnbw anin-lm-bpss ico-c-amb k` v P w simsp- p- -Xnepw ] m-fn-bm-bn. AXn-\m, Ahƒ inc- mb anin-lm-bpss am{x-a Ahn-SpsØ ico-c-amb k`-bp-ssbpw AΩ-bmbn amdn. ""sszh-øn-s bpw c -I-s bpw AΩ-bmbn AwKo-I-cn- -s - Sp-Ibpw _lp-am-\n- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøp adnbw hy -ambpw {InkvXp-hns auxni ico-c-ønse Ah-b-h-ß-fpsSbpw AΩ -bm-wv. F p-sim-s - m, k`-bpss inc- mb {InkvXp-hns Ahb-h-ß-fmb hnizm-kn-i-fpss P\\w km[y-am- p- -Xn Ahƒ Xs kvt\l-øm kl-i-cn- p. {InkvXp-hns AΩ-bmb adnbw k`bp-ssbpw AΩ-bmWv'' (CCC 963). adn-bw {InkvXp-hn-\m hos -Sp- -s Hcp hy n-bm-w.v-]t B hos -Sp- ns ^e-߃ Ahƒ v sszhw aptº \ In-bn-cp- - Xn-\m, Ahn-SpsØ c m-i-c-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn AXoh kvt\ltømss Ahƒ v ] p-tn-cm Ign p. adnbw {InkvXp-hns bym P\-\n-bm-b-Xp-sIm- pw, {InkvXp-hns k`-bn Ahn- Sp p XpS p \S-Øn-s m- n-cn- p c m-ic IrXy-ß-fn Ahƒ Du -kz-e-xtbmss ] p-tn-cp- -Xp-sIm pw adn-bsø ""Xncp-k-`m-am-Xmhv'' F p-hn-fn- p- p. F m {InkvXob ]pwy-ß-fp-ssbpw t{ijvt-amb BZ iw k`bv v hy -am- n-s m-sp- p amxr-i-bmwv ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dnbw. hnizm-k-ønepw D]-hn-bnepw anin-lm-tbm-sp ]cn-]q Æ hnizkvx-x-bnepw adnbw k` v amxr-i-bm-wv. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 51

52 sszh-øn\v Xs Ø-s ]cn-]q Æ-ambpw ka n v hnizkvx-x-tbmss Pohn ]cn. adn-b-øns PohnXw hn- -\-tøm-sp k`-bpss hniz-kvx-x-bp-ssbpw ka -W-Øn-s bpw {]Xn-cq- -]-am-wv. Bfl-i-co-c-ß-tfmsS kz m-tcm-]n-x-bmb adnbw bpkm- y-øn alxzw {]m]n- m-\n-cn- p k`-bpss {]Xo-I-hp-am-Wv. Ipcn-in Nph- n h v tbip-hns "AΩ' k`m-am-xm-hns AΩbpw tbip kvt\ln injy k`m-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss {]Xn-cq-]- hp-am-bn-øo p. hnip {KŸ-Ønepw ]mc-º-cy-ß-fnepw Bcm-[- \-{I-a-Ønepw k`sb "kv{xo'bm-bn- mwv {]Xo-Im-fl-I-ambn Nn{Xo- I-cn- n-cn- p- -Xv. kl-c- -I, ki-e-h-c-{]-km-z-ß-fp-ssbpw a yÿ F o \ne-i-fn-emwv adnbw Xncp-k-`-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-b-Xv. 1. "Xncp-k-`-bpsS amxmhv' F v adn-bsø {]Jym-]n- Xv t]mƒ Bdm-a ]m, 1964 \hw-_ 21 \v 2. adnbw k`bpss {]Xo-I-am-sW- p-]-d BZysØ k`m-]n-xmhv hn. Awt{_mkv 3. k`sb adn-b-øn \n- pw, adn-bsø k`-bn \n pw th Xn-cn- m-\m-hn F v hn. Awt{_mkv ]d-bp-hm ImcWw adn-b-øns DZ-c-Øn-emWv {InkvXp-hns `uxni ico-c-tøm ssm w auxn-i-i-co-chpw cq]w sim -Xv. Ipcn-in InS p- sim v adn-b-tømspw tbml- m-t\mspw ]d hm p-iƒ k`-tbmspw hnizm-kn-itfmspw ]d hm pi-fmbn ]cn-k-wn- m-sa Xn- \memwv hn. Awt{_mkv C{]-Imcw ]d- -Xv. 4. adnbw k`-bpss amxm-hm-sw v BZy-ambn ]Tn- n hnip- hn. B -_ v ( ) 5. ]cn I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn\v k`-bn \ I-s -Sp hw- -Øn\v \ Ip sszh-im-kv{x-\maw IqƒØpkv ssl Zqfnb 6. adn-bsø k`-bpss {]Xo-I-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn kq\-l-tzmkv c mw høn- m kq\-l-tzmkv 7. adn-bhpw k`bpw XΩn-ep KmV-amb _ w FSp-Øp-]-d-bp c mw høn- m kq\-l-tzm-kns {]am-w-tc-j "P\-X-I-fpsS {]Imiw' 52 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

53 III ]cn. adnbw hnhn[ ho -W-ß-fn 12. ]cn. adnbw hnip {KŸ-Øn 13. ]cn. adnbw k`m-]n-xm- - m-cpss ZrjvSn-bn 14. ]cn. adnbw hnip- -cpss ho -W-Øn 15. ]cn. adnbw am m- -am-cpss ImgvN- m-sn 16. ]cn. adnbw Nn{X-ß-fneqsSbpw hy n-i-fn-eq-ssbpw ]cnip I\yImadnbØn\p \ΩpsS {InkvXob PohnXØn AXpeyamb ÿm\ap v. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-sØ- p-dn- p k`-bpss hnizm-k-øns B[mcw hnip- -{K-Ÿhpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-am- Wv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-{k-ÿ-ß-fnepw shfn-]m-sns ]pkvx-i-ønepw hnhn[ `mk-ß-fn adn-bsø {]Xo-Im-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- n- p- v. tbiphns a\p-jym-h-xm-c-hp-ambn _ -s v Ahn-SpsØ P\-\-Ønepw ]c-ky-po-hn-x-ønepw ac-w-ønepw adn-b-øns ] m-fnøw kphnti-j-ß-fn-epw, tbip-hns ac-w-øn\ptij-ap ka-bøv A kvtxm-e-am-cpss IqsS-bm-bn-cp adn-bsø A -kvtxm-e-{]-h Ø- \-߃ F ]pkvx-i-ønepw {]Xn-]m-Zn- n- p- v. acn-b-im-kv{x-øns hf hnip- -{K-Ÿ-Øn-\p-]p-d-tØ v hym]n- p-in-s- p- p. adn-b-sø- p-dn v k`m-]n-xm- - mcpss {]t_m- [-\-߃ ]mc-º-cy-øn Dƒs -Sp- -h-bm-wv. BZna \q m- nse k`m]nxm- - mcn A[n-Iw-t]cpw amxm-hmb adn-b-sø- n ]Tn- n p-itbm ]cm-a in- p-itbm snbvxn- p- v. hnip- cpw hn m- \n-i-fp-amb sszh-im-kv{x- - m-cpss A`n-{]m-b-ßsf k` F pw AwKo-I-cn- p- p- v. F nepw hnizm-k-k-xy-ß-fmbn {]Jym-]n-t \n Δ-N-\-߃ km Δ-{XnI k`-bn hni-z-amb ]T-\-߃ pw N - Iƒ pw {]m -\-Iƒ pw tijta k` {]Jym-]n m-dp- p. adn-bsø- p-dn v am m- -amcpw a v al-xvhy- n-ifpw \nc-h[n ]cm-a i- -߃ \S-Øn-bn- p- v. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 53

54 ]Xn-\mdmw \q m- n DS-se-SpØ s{]m -à v hnπ-h-øns ap \n-c- m-cmb am n eqy, kznw n, Im hn F n-h t]mepw adn-b-sø- p-dn- p kp{]-[m-\-amb F m kxy-ßfpw hniz-kn- p- Ibpw ]Tn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cp- p. ]n osv h s{]m -à v {]ÿm- \-ßfpw s] - pkvxp kaq-l-ßfpw adn-b-øns khn-ti-j-amb ÿm\sø Ah-K-Wn- p-ibpw FXn p-ibpw snbvxn-cp-s - nepw ]m m-xy-k-aq-l-øn acn-b-` n hf p-h-cp- -Xmbn hnhn[ ]T- \-߃ Is -Øp- p. AXn-sem v adn-b-øns apj-nn-{xtøm-sp-iqsn ]pd-øn-d-ßnb sssw amk-kn-\n (21- mw e w) h tej-\-ß-fmwv. Imen-sØm-gp-Øp-ap-X Im hcn hsc tbip-hn-t\mssm- -ap- m-bn-cp ]cn. adn-bsø X߃ ad- p-i-f- psh v ]e s{]m -à v ]WvUn-Xcpw Ct mƒ hne-]n- p- p. C y-bnse ItØmen m bmt m-_mb hnizm-kn-i-fn CS bp- m- p- -h Ct mgp-ap-s - nepw kao] `mhn-bn Ah F m-hcpw amxr-`- n-bn-te v Xncn- p-h-cp-sa v {]Xym-in- mw. Km\w \osbs shfn- w Pohs sxfn w \osb `-b-at AtΩ, \osb A`-b-at ssish-sn-b-cptx I\ym-a-dn-bta I\n-hn tizm-cta AtΩ, I\n-hn tizm-cta Fs lrzbw Xf-cp-t cw F\n- p- Xm-ßmbv \n t -Wsa \ns Zb-X Iev]-S-hn \o Fs Ccp-tØ-W-sa... AtΩ I\n-hn tizmcta (\o-sbs shfn- w...) A\p-Xm-]-Øn A n-bn-se-cnbpw AP-K-W߃ R߃ \n Xn-cp-kvt\lw snmcn-bm I\nbq tbip-am-xm-th... AtΩ I\n-hn tizm-cta (\o-sbsâ shfn- w...) 54 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

55 12. ]cn. adnbw hnip {KŸ-Øn ]cnip I\yImadnbtØmSp ` nbpw sszhimkv{xhp sa mw ASnÿm\]cambn Dd p\n p Xv hnip {KŸØn emwv. hnizm-k-øn-s bpw {]m -\-bp-ssbpw ka-{k-amb ho - W-Ønepw acn-b imkv{x-øn\v hnip- -{K-Ÿ-Øn ÿm\w e`n- p- p- v. DXv]Øn apx shfn-]m-sns ]pkvx-iw-h-sc-bp hnip {KŸ-]p-kvX-I-ß-fn {InkvXp Ign- m {]Xy- -ambpw ]tcm- -ambpw \nd- p-\n p kv{xocxv\-amwv ]cn-ip I\y- Im -a-dn-bw. adn-b-sø- p-dn- p ]cm-a i-ß-fn {][m-\-s GXm\pw hnhcßfmwv Cu A ym-b-øn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- Xv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn amxm-hn-t\m-sp ` nbpw sszh-im-kv{x-hp-sa mw ASn-ÿm-\- ]-c-ambn Dd- p-\n p- Xv ]gb \nb-a-ønse "kv{xo sszh-im-kv{x'- Øn-em-Wv. {]Ya kv{xo F -Xns A w -Po-hn- p- -h-cp-sssb mw AΩ-sb- m-wv. (DXv]. 3:20) ""\obpw kv{xobpw XΩnepw \ns k -Xnbpw Ah-fpsS k - Xnbpw XΩnepw Rm i{xpx Df-hm pw; Ahƒ \ns Xe XI pw'' (DXv]. 3:15). c m-ic Ncn-{X-Ønse BZy kzvhm Ø bmb Cu hmiy-ønse "kv{xo' F {]tbmkw ]cn-ip I\y-Im-adn-bsØ Dt±-in pw "k Xn' F Xv {InkvXp-hns\ Dt±-in pw BsW p hn. ]utemkv Kem-Øn-b v Fgp-Xnb tej\w 3,4 A ym-b-ß-fn hy -am- p- p. BZy kv{xobmb lδ k -Øns hnp-b-øn\v Imc-W-am-sb- n AhfpsS ]c-º-c-bnse c m-a-sxmcp kv{xo k -Øns \mi-øn\v Imc-W-am-bn. ""I\yI K `w [cn v Hcp ]p{xs\ {]k-hn pw'' hn. aømbn 1:22 ]d- n-cn- p Cu hn\w Gi-ø. 7:14 s B -cm w sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 55

56 a\- n-em- n-bp Bh Ø-\-am-Wv. Gi-øm-bpsS ]pkvx-i-øn "bphxn' F hm mwv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p- Xv. lo{_p-`m-j-bnse "A a' F Xv bph-xntbtbm ASpØ ImeØv hnhmlw Ign kv{xotbtbm BWv kqnn- n- p- -Xv. F m {Ko v `mj-bn "bphxn' I\y-Isb kqnn- n- p- p. t_xvse-l-an Hcp inip-hn\v P -ta-inb kv{xosb v an 5:2-3 ]d n-cn- p- Xv ]cn. I\y- Im-a-dn-b-sØ- p-dn- m-wv. hn. {KŸ-Ønse Nne hy n-ifpw adn-bhpw XΩn-ep kmcq- ]y-øns ASn-ÿm-\-Øn Ahsc adn-b-øns {]Xn-cq-]-ßtfm kmzr-iy-ßtfm Bbn KWn- p- p. Ah-sc mw adn-b-øns {]Xn- Om-b-I-fm-sW v Ak-μn-Kv -ambn ]d-bpi km y-a-. 1. ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw sszh-øn\v G hpw {]oxn-bp hy nbm-sw v kqnn- n- p ss nƒ`mkw kp`m-jn-x-߃ 8:35 2. \nxy-tx-p- ns {]Xn-^-e-\-amWv Ahƒ F v m\-øns ]pkvxiw 7:26- ]d-bp- -Xv- - a-dn-b-sø- p-dn- v. 3. ]cn-ip adn-b-sø- p-dn v {]Xn-]m-Zn- p ]g-b-\n-b-a-{]-hm-n-i Gi-ø, an, spd-an-b. 4. ]gb \nb-a-ønse skln-tbm ]p{xn Htc kabw AΩ-bpw aw-hm- n-bpw I\y-I-bp-amb adn-bw. 5. DØ-a-Ko-X-Øn adn-bsø hnfn- p t]cp-iƒ Xmgvhc-bnse en n, ap{zn-x-amb Dd-h, DZym-\m-cp-hn, Z -tkm-]pcw 6. DØ-a-Ko-X-Øn\v BZy-ambn acn-b hymjym\w \ Inb hy n tdm_ v Uyqkn 7. adn-b-øns kvtxm{x-ko-x-øn\v Xpey-ambn ]g-b-\n-b-a-ønep kvtxm{x-koxw l m-bpss kvtxm{x-koxw (1 kmap. 2:1-10) 8. "adn-b-øns kuμcyw B -cn-i-am-ip p' F v shfn-s -Sp-Øp ss nƒ `mk-߃ 1. "cmp-]p-{xn-bpss Ag-sI mw B -cn-i-am-ip p' (k- o. 45) 2. "Fs {]ntb! \o apgp-h kpμ-cn-bm-ip- p. \n n ]m]- -d-bn ' (D-Ø-a-Ko-Xw) 56 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

57 9. Cutim-bpsS AΩ-bmb adnbw ZmhoZv tkm{x-p-bm-sw v ImWn p ss nƒ `mkw Giøm 7: ]gb \nb-a-ønse acn-b {]h-n-\-߃ DXv]. 3:15, Giøm 7:13-16, an. 5:2-3, spd 31: ]gb \nb-a-øn adn-bsø kqnn- n- p Xmbn- K-Wn- -s -Sp {]Xo-I-߃ (km-zr-iy߃) `uani ]dp-zok (DXv] ), t\mlns s] Iw (DXv]. 6), Henhv inj-c-ta- nb {]mhv (DXv]. 8:8), tal-ß-fnse ag-hn v (DXv]. 9:13), bmt m-_ns tkmhwn (DXv]. 28:10-17),- Fcn-bp apƒ -S v (]pd. 3:1-11) KnZ-tbms B n tcmaw (\ym-bm. 6:37-40), Al-tdms Xfn Ø hsn (kwjy 17:2-9), hmkvzm-\-t]-siw (]pd 25:10-16), tkmf-as tzhm-ebw (1 cmpm. 6:2). 12. ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn adn-b-øns {]Xn-cq-]-߃ F v hn-ti-jn- n- m-hp Nne hy n-iƒ lδ, kmd, dt_-, dmtl, tami-bpss ktlm-zcn adn-bw, dqøv, kmap-th-ens AΩ-bmb A, kmwks amxm-hv, FkvtX, bqzn-øv, szt_m-d, tpmtb, A_nKbn F n-h-. ]pxnb \nb-a-øn ]pxnb \nb-a-øn aømbn (1,2,12,13 A ym-b-ß-ƒ); a t mkv (3,6,15,16 A ym-b-ß-ƒ); eq m (1,2,11 A ym-b-ß-ƒ); tbml- m (2,6,7,19 A ym-b-ß-ƒ); ]utemkv (K-em. 1,4, tdma 1,9 A ym-b-߃); shfn-]msv (12- mw A ym-b-w) F o {KŸ-ß-fn adn-b-sø- pdn v {]Xy- -amtbm ]tcm- -amtbm {]Xn-]m-Zn- n- p- v. (a-dn-b-sø- p-dn v ]pxnb \nb-a-øn-ep ]cm-a- i-øn Cu ]pkvx-i-øns ad-dp-`m-k-ß-fn simsp-øn-cn- p- Xv Cu A ym-b-øn \ Inbn- n-.) 1. aømbn kphn-ti-j-i adn-bsø hnfn- p- Xv {InkvXp-hns AΩ 2. eq m kphn-ti-j-i adn-bsø hnfn- p- Xv I Øm-hns AΩ 3. t]cp-]-d-bmsx tbip-hns AΩ F p-am{xw ]d-bp kphnti-j-i tbml- m 4. AΩ-bpsS t]cv BZyw tcj-s -Sp-Ønb kphn-ti-j-i a t mkv sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 57

58 5. adn-b-øns hni-z-amb Nn{Xw Xcp kphn-ti-j-i eq m 6. Cutim-bpsS P\-\-Øn-se- -t]mse k`-bpss P\-\-Ønepw adnb-øn\v ] p-s v kqnn- n- p kphn-ti-j-i eq m 7. adn-b-øns kvtxm{x-koxw BcpsS {]iw-km-h-n-\-߃ p adp-]-sn-bm-wv? C-f-b-Ω-bmb Fen-k-_-Øns 8. tbml- ms kphn-ti-j-øn adnbw IS- p-h-cp c p-`m-kß-fmb Im\m-bnse hnhm-l-hn-cp- nepw Ipcn-in Nph- nepw tbip Xs AΩsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snøp "kv{xo' F i_vzw shfn-s -Sp-Øp- -Xv c Bh-iy-ap kaq-l-øns {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv adnbw F v. 9. adn-b-øns am y-ÿy- i n Im\m-bnse Ieym-W-hn-cp- n hy -am-ip- Xv Ah \nß-tfmsv ]d-bp- Xv \n߃ snøp-hn F amxm-hns hm pw XpS p tbip-hns hm pw {]hr-øn-bpw. 10. ]pxnb \nb-a-øn "adnbw' F t]cn ImWp Ggp- kv{xo-iƒ Cutim-bpsS AΩ-bmb adn-bw (aøm. 1:18), akvz-e\ adn-bw (tbml. 20:11), emk-dns ktlm-zcn adn-bw (eq m 10:39), bmt m- _n-s bpw tpmk-^n-s bpw AΩ-bmb adnbw (aøm. 27:56), s tbm- m-kns `mcy-bmb adn-bw (tbm-l. 19:25), a t m-kns amxm-hmb adnbw (A-.12:12), A -kvtxm-e-\mb ]utemkv I pap nb adnbw (tdm-am. 16:6) 11. shfn-]msv ]pkvx-i-ønse adn-b-øns Nn{X-Øns khn-ti-jx kqcys\ DS-bm-S-bpw, N{μs\ ]mz-]o-t-hp-am n 12 \ -{X-߃sIm- p IncoSw [cn kv{xo. 12. {InkvXo-b- I-e-I-fn Nnc-{]-XnjvT t\sn-bn- p I\y-Im-a-dn-b- Øns Nn{Xw cq]-s]-spøs Xv shfn-]msv ]pkvx-i-øn \n v 13. acn-b-` n BZy-\q- m- n k`-bn DSseSpØpsh Xns sxfnhv At m-{in^ {KŸ-amb bmt m-_ns kphn-ti-jønse {]-Xn- ]m-zy-߃. 58 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

59 13. ]cn-ip adnbw k`m ]nxm- - m-cpss ZrjvSn-bn BZy-\q- m- p-i-fn ss{ikvxh XXz-kw-ln-X-I-sf- nbpw hnip- -c-l-ky-ß-sf- - nbpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw ]Tn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn- p ]WvUn-Xcpw hnip- -cp-amb k`m- y- - m-sc-bmwv k`m-]n-xm- - m F p- ]-d-bp- -Xv. H mw \q m- p-ap-x 8 mw \q m- ns a yw-hsc Fgp-]-tXmfw k`m-]n-xm- - m acn-b-z i-\-øn\v kw`m-h\ \ In. acnb imkv{x-øns Ncn-{X-]-c-amb D -hhpw hf bpw a\- n-em- p-hm hfsc D]-I-cn- p H mwv BZn-a-k-`m-]n-Xm- - mcpss Ime-L w. acnb imkv{xhp-ambn _ -s Ah-cpsS GXm\pw {]t_m[-\-߃ Xmsg simsp-øn-cn- p- p. (Ch hnip- Iq-Sn-bmb-Xn-\m t]cn\v apºv hnip F v tn Øv hmbn- mhp- -Xm-Wv k`m ]nxm- - m F m-h-cp-ssbpw Pohn-X-Imew {InkvXp-hn\ptijw Bb-Xn-\m h j-ß-fpss apºv F.-Un. tn Øv hmbn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv). 1. Cc-tW-hqkv ( ) k`m-]n-xm- - m-cn A{K-K-Wy\pw {]Ya sszh-im-kv{x- - \p-amb Cc-tW-hqkv ""]mj-wvu-x-iƒs -Xntc'' F Xs {KŸ- Øn ]e-bn-søpw adn-b-sø- p-dn v {]kvxm-hn- n- p- v. At±-l- Øns A`n-{]m-b-Øn lδ A\p-k-c-W-t -Sn-\m a\p-jy-h - Øns ac-w-øn\v Imc-W-ambnØo -Xp-t]mse adnbw A\p-kc-W-Øm Xs bpw a\p-jy-h w apgp-h-s bpw c bv v Imc-Wam-bn-Øo p. Aßs\ lδ-bm _ n- -s - Xv adn-b-øm kzx- { -ambn. a\p-jy-h -Øns {][m\ a y-ÿ-bm-bn- mwv adn-bsø Cc-tW-hqkv I -Xv. sszh-am-xm-hm-b-xn-eqss c m-ic {]h Ø- \-Øn adnbw {][m\ ] mwv hln- -Xv. adn-b-øns I\y-Im-XzsØ- pdn v At±lw ]d-bp- Xv ]cn-ip- -\m-b-h ]cn-ip- -bmb sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 59

60 adn-b-øns ]cn-ip- -amb DZcw ]cn-ip- -amb coxn-bn Xpd- p. AXn-s\- m-fp-]-cn-bmbn Ahƒ k`-bp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn _ -s - n-cn- p- p. 2. sx Øp-ey ( ) lδ Xs Ahn-izmkwaqew Xn bmwv snbvx-sx- n adnbw Xs hnizmkw hgn \ -{]-h Øn- p-sh v sx Øp-ey ka n- p- p. 3. Ae-Ivkm-{ n-bm-bnse s a v ( ) {InkvXp-hns P\-\-k-a-bØv adnbw I\y-I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh v s a v Du n- -d- n- p- v. k`-bpss {]Xn-Om-b-bn adn-b-øns {]Xn-Omb ImWmw F pw At±lw {]kvxm-hn- p p. 4. Hcn-P ( ) s a ns injy-\mb Hcn-P adnbw If- -a- -h-fm-sw v Xd- n- p-]-d-bp- p. {InkvXp-hns ktlm-z-c-߃ adn-b-øn \n p a -f adn v butk- ns a -fmhmw F mwv Hcn-Ps A`n-{]m-bw. 5. AØ-\m-kn-bqkv ( ) adnbw \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-sw v AØ-\m-kn-bqkv ]d-bp- p. 6. At{]w (Ft{^w: ) kndn-bm-bn acn-b-` n AXyp- -Xn-bn FØn-bXv Ft{^ans Ime-ØmWv. adnbw Aa-tem- -h-bm-sw v BZy-ambn ]Tn- n k`m-]n-xmhv Ft{^-am-sW v ]d-b-s -Sp- p. 7. t_kn ( ) adnbw \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-sw v t_kn hmzn- n- p- v. Giøm 7:14 amxm-hp-ambn _ -s -SpØn bphxn F -Xn\v I\y-I-sb A -an-s - n AsXmcp AS-bm-f-am-hp-I-bn F mwv t_knens A`n-{]m-bw. tbip-hns\ {]k-hn- p- Xp-hsc tpmk^v Ahsf Adn- n m F -Xp-sIm v ]n osv Ahsf Adn p F v hnh- -bn- m-sb pw At±lw hmzn- p- p. 8. \okm-bnse {KnKdn ( ) adn-b-øns A p-x-i-c-amb K `-[m-c-w-sø- p-dn pw \nxy- I-\y-Im-Xz-sØ- p-dn pw adn-bhpw lδmbpw XΩn-ep kmzr-iy-sø- 60 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

61 p-dn pw {KnKdn hf-sc-b-[niw {]kvxm-hn- n- p- v. Nne ]g-b-\n-b-a- {K-Ÿ-`m-K-߃ adn-b-hp-ambn {]Xo-Im-flI cq]-øn _ -s -Sp- Øn-bn- p- v. kphn-ti-j-øn ]d-b-s -Sp {InkvXp-hns ktlm-z-c- m tpmk-^ns ap hn-hmløn P\n a -fm-sw- pw adnbw I\y- I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh- -dn- m Ahsf blq-z sim p-sa Imc-W- Øm-em-bn-cn mw kphn-ti-j-i- m tbip-hns ktlm-z-c-ßsf adnb-øns a -fmbn Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn- p- -sx- p-amwv {KnK-dn-bpsS A`n-{]m-bw. 9. \kn-bm knse {KnKdn ( ) adnbw {]k-hn- -t mgpw I\y-I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh v ]Tn- n- p-ibpw adn-bsø sszh-am-xm-sh v ]e-t mgpw hnfn- p-ibpw snbvxn- p- v. At m-fn-\m-cn-bq-kns hmz-߃s -Xntc At±lw C{]-Imcw Fgp- Xn. ""adn-bsø sszh-am-xm-hmbn kzoi-cn- m-ø-h {InkvXp-hns sszhxzw AwKo-I-cn- m-ø-h-\m-wv''. D±n-jvS-Imcyw km[n- p-x-cp adn-b-øns am y-ÿ-yøn At±lw i -ambn hniz-kn- n-cp- p. 10. F n-^m-\n-bqkv ( ) adnbw \nxy-i-\y-i-bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw tbip-hns P\-\-Øn\v tijw adn-b-øn\v a -sfm pw C m-bn-cp-s pw F n-^m-\n-bqkv A`n-{]m-b-s - n- p- v. adn-b-øns \nxyi-\y-im-xzsø FXn p- -h s -Xntc At±lw FgpXn : "I Øm-hns\ _lp-am-\n- p- -h Ahs amxmhn-s\bpw _lpam\n p p'. CXp ]n osv ItØm-en- m-k-`-bpss acn-b imkv{x-ønse B]vX-hm-Iy-ambn amdn. 11. tpm {IntkmkvtXmw ( ) {InkvXp ac-w-k-a-bøv tbml- ms\bmwv adn-bsø `c-taev]n- Xv F ImcWw Nq n- m-wn- p-sim v tbip A msx adnb-øn\v thsd a -fn- m-bn-cp- psh v {IntkmkvtXmw sxfn-bn- p- p. 12. Awt{_mkv ( ) Awt{_m-kns A`n-{]m-b-Øn adn-b-øn\v c m-ici Ω- Øn hfsc icn-bmb Hcp ] p- v. adnbw \ Inb kω-x-øn-eqssbpw sszh-am-xr-xz-øn-eq-ss-bp-amwv AXv km[n- -Xv. KmKp Ømbn h v a p injy- m HmSn-sbm-fn- -t mƒ amxmhv Xs Xncp- sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 61

62 p-am-cs ac-w-sø- m-fp-]cn temi-øns c -bpss {]Xym-ibn ss[cy-]q Δw Ipcn-in Nph- n \n p-i-bm-bn-cp- p-sh v Awt{_mkv ]d-bp- p. Awt{_mkv [mcmfw ]g-b-\n-b-a-`m-k-ßsf adn-b-tømsv kmays -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. Awt{_m-kns\ ]m m-xy-a-cn-b imkv{x-øns ]nxm-sh v hnfn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. 13. sptdmw ( ) tbip-hns ktlm-z-c- m adn-b-øn-s tbm tpmk-^n-s tbm ktlm-zc]p{xtcm amxm-hns ASpØ _ -Øn s as mcp adnb-øns a tfm Bbn-cn- m-\mwv km[y-x-sb- mwv sptdm-ans \nk-a-\w. tpmk^v {_ -Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw adnbw I\y-I-bmbn-cp- p-sh pw sptdmw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp- p. Awt{_m-kns\t mse sptdmapw adn-b-øns {]XoIw ]g-b-\n-b-a-øn Is -Øp- p- v. 14. AK-Ãn ( ) AS- p-in-s hmxnen-eqss {]th-in D n-x-\mb {InkvXphns DZm-l-cWw kqnn- n- p-sim v inip-hns\ {]k-hn- p-tºmƒ adnbw I\y-I-bm-bn-cp- p-sh v AK-Ãn Du n- -d-bp- p. 15. Ae-Ivkm-{ n-bm-bnse kndnƒ ( ) adnbsø sszh-am-xm-sh v hnfn kndnƒ Ahsf sszh-øns AΩ-sb p hnfn- m-sa v ÿm]n- p. ""sszh-am-xmhv'' F ]ZwsIm v adnbw sszh-xz-øn-\ P w \ In-b-Xv, {]XypX sszh- Øn-\msW v kndnƒ ]d p. Ipcn-in In-S v ]ou-iƒ kln- Xv sszh-xz-a sszh-amb {InkvXp-hmWv F v kndnƒ {]kvxm-hn- p. 431 se Ft^-tkmkv kq\-l-tzm-kn h mwv adn-bøns sszham-xrxzw Hcp hnizm-k-k-xy-ambn {]Jym-]n- -Xv. ""\n߃ hn[n- p hn[n-bm Xs \nßfpw hn[n- -s -Spw. \n߃ Af- p Afhp sim p Xs \n߃ pw Af p In pw.'' (a-ømbn 7:2) 62 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

63 14. ]cn-ip adnbw hnip- -cpss ho -W-Øn {InkvXp-hns amxri ASp-Ø-\p-I-cn v kz -k-ωm-\-øn\v A l-cm-ip- -h-sc-bmwv hnip- F p-hn-fn- p- -Xv. hnhn[ Ime- L- -ß-fn Pohn hnip- v adn-b-sø- p-dn- p mbn-cp AhcpsS ho -W-ß-fn NneXv Xmsg simsp-øn-cn- p- p. (Nne {]kvxmh-\-iƒ Cu ]pkvx-i-øn Øs a p A ym-b-ß-fn simsp-øncn- p- Xv {i n- p-a-t m. hnip- -cpss Ime-L- -߃ F mw F.- Un.-bn-em-b-Xn-\m h j-߃ v apºv F.-Un. F v tn Øn- n- ). 1. "kz -hm-xn 'F v adn-bsø hnti-jn- n- Xv hn. At{]w ( ) 2. "sszh-am-xmhv kz -Øn-te- p tkmh-wn-bm-wv. tkmhwn hgn sszhw Cd-ßn-h- Xv a\p-jy adnbw hgn kz -Øn-te v Ibdn-t m-ip-hm-\mwv' F p {]kvxm-hn- Xv hn. Awt{_mkv ( ) 3. "lδm, \sω ]dp-zo-km-bn \n v AI- n-sb- n adn-bw, \sω kz ob ]dp-zo-km-bn-te v hen- -Sp- n- p p' F v {]kvxm-hn Xv hn. Ptdmw ( ) 4. sszh-øn\v apºn a y-ÿ-\mbn \ap-s mcp ]p{x-\p-s - nepw a y-ÿ-bmb HcΩ \ap- m-h-iy-am-sw- p -]-d Xv hn. AK-Ãn ( ) 5. ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-bsØ Dj-xIm-e-\- {Xw F v BZy-ambn hntijn- n hnip- hn. ]o Uman-b ( ) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 63

64 6. ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns aw-hm nsb p adn-bsø hnti-jn- n Xv hn. {^m knkv A okn ( ) 7. "I k m-cn-iƒ v Zni-ImWn- p IS-ense {]Im-i-tKm]pcw t]mse-bm-wv ss{ikvx-h v Cu temi-po-hn-x-am-ip Xo m- S-\-Øn ]cn-ip- - AΩ' F p-]-d- Xv hn. txmakv AIzo-\mkv ( ) 8. "\n߃ adn-b-sø, \ -\n-d- -htf F p-hn-fn- p-tºmƒ A\p{Kl-߃ hmcn-hn-xdn Ahƒ adp-]sn \ Ip- p.'f p -]-d- Xv kosb- m-bnse hn. _ Æm Un ( ) 9. ""{InkvXp kqcy-\mwv F n adnbw {]Im-i-am-Wv. {InkvXp apøm-sw- n adnbw Inco-S-am-Wv. {InkvXp ]pjv]-am-sw- n adnbw XmbvØ- mwv'' C{]-Imcw ]d- Xv hn. slk- n-bmkv 10. "]gw th -h hr sø kao-]n- p- p. tbip-hns\ th -h adn-bsø-bpw. adn-bsø Is -Øp- -h tbip-hns\ Z in- p- p.' F p-]-d Xv hn. A t^m kv entkmcn ( ) 11. "I\y-Im-a-dnbw Hcp AΩ-sb-t mse \sω ImØp-]m-en- p- p sh v H -\-h[n A p-x-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw AS-bm-f-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hy -am- - p p' F v ]d- Xv hn. sim p-t{xky ( ) 12. "Xn -bpss kmk-c-øn \o n-øp-sn- p temi-øn\v {]XymibpsS ag-hn- mwv adnbw'f p-]-d- Xv hn. ]Ømw -]o-bqkv ( ) ""hnip n IqSmsX B pw I Øm-hns\ Z in- m km[n- p-i-bn-.'' (sl-{_m. 12:14) 64 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

65 15. ]cn. adnbw am ]m- -am-cpss Imgv - m-sn acnb-im-kv{x-øns hf v am m- -am-cpss kw`m-h-\-iƒ hfsc hne-s - -h-bm-wv. B[p-\nI ImesØ am m- -am-sc mw Xs amxr` n v IqSp-X {]m[m\yw \ In-bn- p- -h-cm-wv. tpm t]mƒ c m-a am m- -bpss acn-b-`- n- {]i-kvxhpw {]iwk-\o-b-hp-am-wv. adn-b-sø- p-dn- p am m- -am-cpss GXm\pw {]kvxm-h-\-iƒ Xmsg-s m-sp- p- p. Ah am m- -bm-bn-cp Ime- L- -w {_m - n simsp-øn-cn- p- p. 1. ]cn. adn-b-sø- p-dn v Nm{In-I-te-J-\-߃ Fgp-Xnb {][m\ am m- -am H ]Xmw ]obqkv, setbm 13 ma, ]Ømw ]obq-kv, s_\-univsv 15 ma, 12- mw ]obq-kv, tpm 23 ma, t]mƒ Bdm-a, tpm t]mƒ 2 ma 2. a\p-jy-hw-i-øns kl-a- yÿ F v ]cn. I\y-Isb hntijn- n ]m alm-\mb hn. {KnKcn ( ) HIvtSm-_ 8 \v ]obqkv A m-a ]m mbpw Iq cpw se mt m bp w hgn Xp n- -Ssb Xpc-Øn-bXv P]-am-e -snm nbm-wv. Bb-Xns hm jniw hnp-b-am-xm-hns Xncp-\m-fm-bn. Cu Xncp-\mƒ P]-am-e-Øn-cp- m-fm- nb am m {KnKdn ]Xn-aq ma ( ) 4. ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns Aa-tem- hw hnizm-k-k-xy-ambn {]Jym-]n ]m H ]Xmw ]obqkv ( ) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 65

66 5. adn-bsø "sszh-øn-s bpw a\p-jy-cp-ssbpw amxmhv' F v kwt_m-[\ snbvx am m setbm ]Xn-aq- m-a ( ) 6. adn-b-øns km Δ-{XnI a y-ÿxsb ]cm-a in- p-sim v Nm{In-I-te-J-\-sa-gp-Xnb ]m hn. ]Ømw ]obqkv ( ) 7. "]cn. I\yI {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv tbmpn v temisø c n- p- F- p -]-d ]m s_\-univsv ]Xn-\- ma ( ) 8. P]-ame ssibn-te n, "CXmI mepw! høn- m-\nse G hpw henb kºøv' F p ]d ]m ]Xn-s\m mw ]obqkv ( ) 9. adn-b-øns hna-e-lr-z-b-øn\v temisø apgp-h BZy-ambn {]Xn-jvTn- ]m ]{ mw ]obqkv ( ) 10. "\msa- m-hcpw {InkvXp-hns\ Is -Øp- Xv adn-b-øn-eq-ss-bmwv. adnbw \sω kwc- n- p p. ]cn-t]m-jn- n- p- p. \ap v th n am yÿyw hln- p p' CXv ]d ]m tpm Ccp-]-Øn-aq ma ( ) 11. To be Christian is to be Marian F -`n-{]m-b-s ]m t]mƒ Bdm-a ( ) 12. "adnbw a yÿ-bmbn h Øn- p- Xv AΩ-bpsS ÿm\w Ae - cn- p- -Xp-sIm msw v ]d ]m? tpm t]mƒ c m-a ( ) ""I Øm-hnt\mSp tn n-cn- p- n-s-tømfw Imew Ahn-Sp v \nß-tfmsp IqsS D m-bn-cn- pw.'' (2 Zn\-{h-Øm w 15:2) 66 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

67 16. ]cn. adnbw Nn{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw hy n-i-fn-eq-ssbpw sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip- -I-\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns kvxpxn- mbn cnn- n- p {KŸßfpw {]_- -ßfpw Km\-ßfpw Ah-fpsS hnhn[ Ah-ÿ-Ifnepw cq]-`m-h-ß-fnepw hncnn-x-am-bn- p Nn{X-ßfpw \n Ωn-X-am-bn- p Xncp-kz-cq-]-ßfpw FÆ-a- -h-bm-wv. Xncp-kz-cq-]-ßsf hw-ßp- -h AXn-\p-]n- nse hy n-xz-søbmwv hw-ßp- -Xv. AXn-\m AXv hn{k-lm-cm-[-\-bm-ip- n-s v 787- se c mw \njym kq\-l-tzmkv {]kvxm-hn- p- p. sszhsø am{xta Bcm-[n- mhq; amxm-hn-s\bpw a p-hn-ip- scbpw hw-ßpi am{xta snømhq F p k` {]txyiw Hm Ω-s -Sp-Øp- p. hniz-hn- Jym-X-in-ev]nbmb ssa ƒ B -tem-bpss "]nbmø' (]o-sb-ø) F hymip-emw-_n-i-bpss am _nƒ inev]w tdmanse høn- m _kn-en- -bn C pw P\-e- -ßsf BI jn- p- p. Nn{X-I-esb k` hfsc ] p-ap-xte t{]m m-ln- n- n-cp- -Xmbn k`mncn-{x-øn \n p \ap v a\- n-em- mw. BZyIme {InkvXy tzhme-b-ß-fnse Nn{X-ßfpw hc-ifpw simøp-]-wn-ifpw Cu hkvxp-xbv v km yw \ Ip- p. hn. eq m Hcp Iem-Im-c-\m-bncp-s pw At±lw hfsc Nn{X-߃ cnn- n- p-s pw BZy-Ime {KŸ-Im-c- m tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. {][m-\-s inev]-ßfpw inev]n-ifpw inev]-߃ inev]n 1. ]nbmø ssa ƒ B tem 2. al-xz-]q Æ-amb kz m-tcm-]ww Xokn-b 3. A\- -X-bn-te v t\m n-\n p I\y-Im-am-Xmhv s_ n\n sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 67

68 4. Cutimbv v B nƒ kωm-\n- p amxmhv sawavfnwkv 5. DÆnsb amdnsøn tn Øn-cn- p amxmhv dq_ 6. k ΔmwK kpμ-cn-bmb amxmhv entbm-wm tum Umhn n 7. apjm-h-c-w-a-wn- p-sim v K{_n-tb ZqXs\ {i n- p I\y-Im-tacn s_m n-sk n 8. hna-emw-_n-i-bpss 30 Xcw Nn{X-߃ apdnt m 9. atum-w-bpss hn{ip-x-amb 52 -Xcw Nn{X-߃ dmt^ 1. "ap p-i-fpss CS-bnse en n', "k Δm-wK-kp-μcn', "bmsxmcp Ipdhp-an- m-ø-hƒ', "\ -\n-d- hƒ', "k -Øns Xe XI Ø-hƒ" XpS-ßnb thz]pkvxi]cm-a i-߃ IW- n-se- SpØv acnb` -\mb hn. A t^m kv entkmcn ) cnn hn{ip-x-{kÿw acnb al-xz-߃ 2. Aa-tem- -h-am-xm-hns Nn{Xw hc- Xv _ Ø-temsa apdnt m (kv]m-\n-jv) 3. \nxy-k-lm-b-am-xm-hns Nn{Xw hc Xv hn. eq m 4. "]m]-]- n-e-amb a\p-jy-hw-i-øns GI A`n-am-\ta' F v ]cn. AΩsb hnti-jn- n- Xv BwK-teb Ihn-bmb hneyw thuvkvh Øv 5. "Imhy-ku-μcyw \nd- p-xp-fp-ºp G hpw at\m- -amb ]pjv]-sa v ]cn. I\y-Isb hnti-jn- n Ihn sj n 6. ]cn. AΩ-bpsS acww kw`-hn ÿe-øv- C p ImWp tzhme-b-øns t]cv - \n{z-bpss ] n (Church of Dormition) 68 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

69 7. At m-{in^m {KŸ-߃ a) bmt m-_ns kphn-tijw (a-dn-b-øns P\-\hpw _mey-im-ehpw I\y-Im-Xzhpw hnhm-lhpw tbip-hns P\-\hpw Dƒs -Sp p) b) txma-kns kphn-tijw (tb-ip-hns _mey-ime hnh-c-w-߃) c) \{km-wn-i-fpss kphn-tijw (a-dn-b-øn\v tbip-hns ]c-ky-po-hn-x-ønse ] v) d) Ck-em-t\m-bpsS "hn. butk- n\v e`n Zm\-߃' (hn. butk- n-s\- p-dn v Nne ]mc-º-cy-߃) e) ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns kz m-tcm-]ww F kphn tijw (a-dn-b-øns ac-whpw kz m-tcm-]whpw) f) {Sm knø v(a-dnbw 72- mw hb- n acn- p-sh pw amem-j-am 3 mw Znhkw kz -Øn-tebv v sim p-t]mbn F pw tcjs -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p- p.) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 69

70 Km\w AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb AΩ-bvt I ait\ Bflm-hnepw kxy-ønepw Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb A -an- m-xm-ip-tºmƒ A -Øn hmgp-t ms\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb a\- n `mcw IqSp-tºmƒ inc- n apƒapsn AWn- -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb ssiøpw saøpw Xf-cp-tºmƒ ssiim-ep-i-fn apdn-th- -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb lrzbw \odn-]p-i-bp-tºmƒ Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn cmps\ Rm Bcm-[n- p p AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb tcmk-`mcw s]cp-ip-tºmƒ tcmk-kujyw X -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb IÆo IS-en Xmgp-tºmƒ Ibv]p-\ocp IpSn- -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p p AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb {]tem-`-\-߃ s]cp-ip-tºmƒ {]tem-`-\sø Pbn- -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. AtΩ AtΩ Xmtb DXvI-WvT-I-fm Xf-cp-tºmƒ D nx\mbn Pbn- -hs\ Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. 70 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

71 IV amxm-hns {]Xy- o-i-c-w-߃ 17. I Ωe amxmhv 21. h m ]m-s-øω 18. eq ±v amxmhv 22. -simc napøn ^møna amxmhv 23. amxmhv Kc-_-μm-fn 20. thfm- Æn amxmhv 24. tdmkm anãn amxmhv 25. amxr-z i\w hnhn[ -ÿ-e-ß-fn c mw høn- m Iu kn -tc-j-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cn- p p: ""I Øm-hns Znhkw DZbw snøp- -Xp-hsc adnbw `qap-jøv Xo m-s\w snøp sszh-p-\-øn\v kp\n- n- -X-amb {]Xo- -bpssbpw kam-izm-k-øn-s bpw AS-bm-f-ambn {]Im-in- p-sim- ncn- p-w'' (Xn-cp-k` 68). sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw \ΩpsS AΩ-bm-Wv. \mw Ahn-SpsØ a -fpw. a ƒ hgn-sx-ddn A]-I-S-Øn hogp- Xv -I- p-sim- n-cn- p-hm kvt\l-ap Hc-Ωbv pw km[n- n-. \ΩpsS c -bv p-th n sszhw a\p-jy-\mbn Ah-X-cn v, \ap v th n AXn-I-Tn-\-amb ]ou-iƒ kln- v, Ipcn- -ip-a-cww hcn- v, Dbn sø-gp-t - v, kz -Øn-te v Btcm-lWw snbvx Cutim \tωm-ssm- -am-bn-cn- p- -Xn-\p-th n hn. Ip m\ ÿm]n- p-ibpw A -Øn-s bpw ho n-s bpw cq]-øn Fgp- - n-h-cn-ibpw snøp- p. F m sszh-øns Cu kvt\lw kzoi-cn- p-hm a\p-jy Xøm-dm-Ip- n-. Ime-Øns IpsØmgp- n s v Xn -bn-eqss \S- p a\p-jy AXp-hgn \nxy-in- -bnte v \n]-xn- p- -Xp - t\m n\n p-hm sszh-øns c m-ic ] -Xn-bn kl-im-cn- Wn-bmb ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn\v Fßs\ km[n pw? eq ±nepw ^møn-a-bnepw am{x-a temi-ønse hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn, {]txy- In v AΩ-bpsS klmbw Bh-iy-ap- n-søv AΩ {]Xy- -s v {]mb- n-ø-øn\pw {]m -\bv pw Blzm\w snøp- p. FhnsS ho p (ssn-x-\yw) C m-xm-ip- pthm AhnsS AΩ IS phcp p. \sω kvt\ln- p kz ob AΩ-bpsS {]Xy- o-i-c-w-ß-fn {][m-\-s - -h-bn-te v H v FØnt\m mw. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 71

72 17. I Ωe amxmhv (Xncp\mƒ : Pqsse 16) 1251 Pqsse 16- mw XobXn A -cm{xn sska tãm v {]m n- psim- n-cn- p-tºmƒ hm\-h-k-w-ßfpss AI-º-Sn-tbm-Sp-IqSn I Ωe amxmhv {]Xy- s v I Ω-tem-Ø-cobw \evin-s m v ]d- p. ""Fs kmtlm-zcy-øns AS-bm-fhpw c -bpss A m-c-hp-amb Cu I Ω-tem-Ø-cobw kzoicn- p-i. Cu DØ-cobw [cn- p- a-cn- p- -h \in- p-i-bn ''. Cu kw`hw Im p-xo-t]mse bqtdm v apgp-h\pw {]N-cn- p. {ItaW temi-am-k-i-e-ap F m sszh-am-xr-`- cpw I Ω-tem-Ø-cobw [cn- m XpS-ßn kz -cm n tpm 22- mw am m- bv v ImW-s v, DØ-cobw [cn v acn- p- -h v thsdmcp hmkvzm-\-hpw \ In. ""Ir]m-h-c-ß-fpsS cm nbmb Rm i\n-bm-gvn-txmdpw ip o-i-c-w-ÿ-eøv Cd-ßn-s v DØ-cobw [cn- p-a-cn- n- p- -h-cn Nne hyh-ÿ-iƒ ]men- n- p- -h-sc-sb mw tamnn n pw''. hyh-ÿ-iƒ Ch-bmWv: DØ-cobw hniz-kvx-xm-]q Δw [cn- p-i, kz w Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-bv -\p-kr-x-amb Nmcn{Xyw ]men- p-i, ]cn. I\y-I-bpsS sndnb H otkm P]-am-e-bpsS A p-c-l-ky-ßtfm Znh-tk\ snm p-i. ^møn-am-bnse Ah-km-\sØ Z i-\-øn amxmhv DØ-cobw Iønte- n-bn-cp- p. Km\w I Ωe \mty hmgvi \n Ωe It\y hmgvi \ns a ƒ -`bw \nc-kn- -cp-sx- -tω... 2 B...(-I Ω-e- \m-sy) I Øm-hn-s pw AΩ ]m Ø- n-se pw \o [\y Xm]k s pw \o am w X\-b-cn \ndbpw `mkyw `mkyw B...(-I Ω-e -\m-sy) 72 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

73 18. eq ±v amxmhv (Xncp-\mƒ : s^{_p-hcn 11) sszh-am-xm-hns Xo m-s-\-ti-{μ-ß-fn H mw ÿm\w eq ±n- \m-wv. {^m knse eq ±v F {Kma-Øn _ W-Zo-Ømsb s] Ip- n v amxmhv {]Xy- -s - -Xp-ap-X-emWv ChnSw Hcp Xo m-s-\-ti-{μ-am-b-xv. eq ±p-{km-a-ønse Hcp Zcn-{Z-Ip-Spw-_-Øn P\n v A -cm-`ymkw IqSmsX -h-f ]Xn-\m-ep-h-b- p-imcn _ W-Zo-Ømbpw A\p-PØn Szms\Øpw Hcp Iq p-im-cnbpw IqSn 1858 s^{_p-hcn 11- mw XnbXn hymgmgvn hndiv tij-cn- p- -Xn\p ak-_n-tb h\-øn-te v t]mbn. BXvkva tcmkn-bm-bn-cp _ W-Zo-Ømbv v am -a-t ybp- m-bn-cp Acphn IS- phm km[n- m-bvi-bm Ahƒ C scøs -\n- p. a p-c- p-t]cpw A -sc- -S p hnd-ip-ti-j-cn- m t]mbn. _ W-ZoØm AhnsS \n p-tºmƒ Hcp Im p-ho-in. ]md-s - p-ifpw Kpl-I-fp-ap ASp-Øp t{kmt m-bn-te v Nne hr -ßfpsS imj-iƒ Ahsf amsn-hn-fn- p- -Xp-t]mse Ahƒ v txm n. IÆ- n- n- p sh hkv{xhpw \oe-\n-d-øn-ep Ac-s pw XØp-ey-amb Hcp intcm-h-kv{xhpw [cn v Hcp kz Æ-ame ssiønte n Hcp bphxn B t{kmt m-bn \nev p- Xv Ahƒ I p. kz Æ-Zo-]vXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp {]Imiw Ah-fpsS ]mz-øn- XØn- -fn- p- p- m-bn-cp- p.- _ W-Zo-Ømbpw B kv{xobp-samcp-an v P]-ame snm n {XoXz-kvXpXn am{xta B kv{xo snm n-bp- p. P]-am-e-bpsS A y-øn ]p ncn XqIn kzev]-sam v Ip\n v Ahƒ A{]-Xy- -bm-bn. Cßs\ 18 {]mhiyw _ W-Zo-Ømbv v Z i-\-ap- m-bn. aq masø Z i-\-øn B kv{xo ]d p ""]Xn-\- p-zn-hkw \o ChnsS sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 73

74 hc-w-sa v Rm\m{K-ln- p- p. Cu temi-øn \ns ku`m-kyh-xn-bm- m-sa v Rm hmkvzm\w snøp- n- ; ASpØ temi-øn \o ]q Æ-ambpw ku`m-ky-h-xn-bm-bn-cn- pw. 8 masø Z i-\-øn s^{_p-hcn 24- mw XnbXn B al-xnsb ho n- p-sim ncp- -t mƒ Ahƒ hnfn- p-]-d p: ""{]mb- nøw, {]mb- n-øw, {]mb- nøw''. 9 masø Z i-\-øn 1858 s^{_p-hcn 25- mw XobXn B kv{xo ]d p ""\o B Dd-h-bn \n p IpSn- p-i, tzlw Igp-Ip-I, AhnsS ImWp kky-߃ ` n- pi''-. Ahƒ Ch-sbm pw ImWmsX \S- -t mƒ B kv{xo Ahsf hnfn v ÿew Nq n- m-wn- p. _ WZoØm B ÿeøv Cf- n-t\m- n. DSs\ Ahn-sS-\n-s mcp Ddh ]pd-s - p. B snfn-sh w _ W-ZoØm timcn- p-sn- p. AhnsS D m-bn-cp kky-߃ Ahƒ ` n- p-ibpw snbvxp. \mep-znhkw Ign v B snfn-sh- -Øn IÆp-tX- p-i-gp-in-b-t m-gmwv I p-sh- p-im-c fqbn-_p-dn-b- n\p ImgvN e`n- -Xv. Zn\w{]Xn B Ddh-bn \n v 2000 Kme sh w h p-sim- n-cn- p- p. {]kvxpx Pe-Øn Ipfn- p-tºmtgm hn. Ip m-\-bpss {]Zn- nw ka-bøv Bio ΔmZw e`n- p-tºmtgm C pw A p-x-tcm-k-im- n-iƒ \S- psim- n-cn- p- p. am v 25- mw XobXn aw-ke-hm Ø-Øn-cp-\mƒ Znhkw _ W-Zo- Ømbv v ImW-s - p-sim- n-cp kv{xo Xs t]cv ]d p: ""Rm Aa-tem- -h-bmwv-.'' Aßs\ 1854 Unkw-_ 8 mw XobXn 9 mw ]obqkv am m snbvx Aatem h {]Jym-]-\sØ sszh-am-xmhv AwKo-I-cn- p. Pqsse 16- mw Xob-Xn-b-mbncp p Ah-km\ Z i-\w. AhnsS Znh-kwtXmdpw \S-Ø-s -Sp Znhy-Im-cpWy {]Z- n- W-Ønepw P]-ame {]Z- n-w-ønepw ] p-sim- p-hm Bbn-c- - W- n\v Xo m-s-i kμ i\w \S-Øp- p. 1. temi-ønse G hpw {]kn- -amb acn-b-ti{μw {^m knse eq ±v 2. _ W-Zo-Øm-bpsS amxm-]n-xm- ƒ ]nxmhv {^mt mbv tk_n-d n; amxmhv eqbnkv ImÃv tzmdp 3. Aa-tem- -h-am-xmhv _ W-Zo-Ømbv v \ Inb Z i-\-zn-\-߃ 1858 s^{_p-hcn 11,14,18,19,20,21,23,24,25,27,28 am v 1,2,3,4,25, G{]n 7, Pqsse sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

75 19. ^møna amxmhv (Xncp\mƒ : tabv 13) H mw temi-a-lm-bp- Øns `oi-c-bm-x-\-iƒ temi-sc mw A\p-`-hn- p-sim- n-cp ImeØv 1917 tabv 5 mw Xnb-Xn, s_\-univsv 15- mw am m ss{ikvxh temisø A`n-kw-t_m-[\ snbvxpsim v D]-tZ-in- p: ""bp w-sim v hnir-x-amb Cu `qap-jøv ho pw sszhm-\p-{klw e`n- p- -Xn-\mbn sszhm-\p-{kl a y-ÿbmb ]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-tØmSv F m-hcpw Xo vw-ambn {]m n- -Ww.'' am m- -bpss Cu Blzm-\-Øn-\p-tijw F p Znhkw Ign- -t mƒ AXm-bXv, sabv 13- mw XobXn sszh-am-xmhv t]m p-kokv cmpy-øns Xe-ÿm-\-amb enkv_ ] -W-Øn-\-SpØv ÿnxnsn-øp Hcp sndp-{kmaamb ^møn-a-bn aq v CSb p n-iƒ v {]Xy- -bm-bn. At m-wntbm kt mkv adn-bm -tdmkm Zº-Xn-I-fpsS Bdp-a- -fn Cf-b-hƒ eqkn (10), am\p-th am tøm Hfnºnb ZºXnIfpsS a -fmb {^m knkv (8), Pko m (6) F n-h-cm-bncp p B CS-b-Ip- n-iƒ sabv apx HIvtSm-_ hsc F m amkhpw 13- mw XobXn amxmhv Ah v {]Xy- -s - p. Cu aq v Ip n-iƒ hgn amxmhv a\p-jy-ipew apgp-h-\p-am-bp kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp ktμ-iw am\- km- -c-øn\pw {]m -\bv pw {]mb n-ø-øn-\p-am-bp Blzm\w \ Ip- p. ""{]m n- p-i, A[n-I-a-[nIw {]m n- p- Ibpw ]m]n-iƒ p-th n XymK-߃ kln- p-ibpw snøp-i...- F- s - m At\Iw Bflm- ƒ \c-i-øn t]m-ip- -Xn-s - Im-cWw Ah mbn {]m n- p-hm\pw XymK-߃ kln- p-hm\pw Btcmcp-an F -XmWv-''. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 75

76 amem-j-bpss {]Xy- oicww ^møn-am-bn amxm-hns Z i\w em-sw- nepw Ahbv v XpS w Ipdn- Xv em-wv. sszh-`- -cmb amxm-]n-xm- -fn \n pw P\n eqkn-bpw {^m knkpw Pko- mbpw se hk- -ImeØv Hcp Xn -fmgvn Ah-cpsS hosn\p Ipd- -Ise timh F ÿeøv BSp-Isf tabn- p-sim- n-cp- -t mƒ Hcp Nm ag D m- Ip-Ibpw Ip n-iƒ kao-]sø Kplm-ap-JØv Ib-dn-\n v P]-ame snm p-ibpw snbvxp. DS Hcp {]Im-i-tKmfw BIm-i-Øp-\n v Xßsf kao-]n- p- -Xmbn Ah I p. {]Im-i-h-e-b-Øn \n v \o tae n [cn kpμ-c-\mb Hcp sndp- - m-c Ahsc kao- ]n p ]d p ""`b-s -ts-, Rm kam-[m-\-øns ZqX-\mWv, Ft m-sp-iqss {]m n- pi'': Abmƒ ap p-ipøn kmjvsmw-k{]wmaw snbvxp-sim v Cßs\ {]m n- p. ""Hm! Fs sszh-ta, Rm Aßsb Bcm-[n- p- p. Aßn Rm hniz-kn- p- p. Aßsb Rm B{i-bn- p- p. kvt\ln- p- p- -A-ß-bn hniz-kn- m-sxbpw, B{i-bn- m-sx-bpw, kvt\ln- m-sxbpw Ccn- p- -h p-th- nbpw Rm {]m n- p- p, am p-tnm-zn- p- p.'' Ip n-iƒ CXv G p-snm- n. CXp-t]mse {]m n- -W-sa v ]d- n- p- am-emj A{]-Xy- am-bn. ASpØ a[y-th-\-enepw CXp-t]mse Z i-\-ap- m-bn. Cutimbp-sSbpw adn-b-øn-s bpw lrz-b-߃ v Ip n-i-sf- p-dn v IcpW \nd ] -Xn-bp-s v Adn-bn- p. Xm t]m p-k-ens Imh Zq- X-\m-sW pw shfn-s -Sp-Øn. ]m]nifpss am\km cøn\mbn {]txyiw {]m -\-Ifpw XymK-ßfpw A n- -W-sa pw At mƒ cmpyøv kam-[m-\-ap- m-ip-sa pw Adn-bn- p. B h jm-cw-`-øn sszh-zq-x {]Xy- -s - Xv Hcp Iøn Imkbpw as Iøn HmkvXn-bp-am-bn- m-wv. HmkvXn-bn \n v c w Imkm-bn-te v C n- p-ho-gp- Xv ImWm-am-bn-cp- p. Xma-kn-bmsX Imkbpw HmkvXnbpw A -co- -Øn \ndp-øn-bn v sszh-zq-x, \neøv kmjvsmwkw howv Cßs\ {]m n- p: ""]nxmhpw ]p{x\pw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hp-amb sszh-ta, Aßsb Rm Bcm-[n- p- p. a\pjy-cpss ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-øn-\mbn Aß-bpsS Xncp- p-am-cs Xncp-ico-chpw Xncp-c- hpw Atßbv v Rm ka n- p- p. ]m]n-ifpss am\-km- -c-øn-\mbn Aß-bpsS Xncp- p-am-cs ]oum-k-l-\-ßsf Atßbv v Rm ka n- p- p.'' aq v {]mhiyw ZqX-t\m-sSm w Ah B {]m -\- B-h Øn- p. AXn-\p-tijw B Imkmbpw 76 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

77 Xncp-thm-kvXnbpw kz ob ZqX ssibnsespøv ap n ta \n ncp eqkn-bpss \mhn h p-sim-sp-øp (eqkn Hcp h jw apºv BZy-Ip m\ kzoi-cww \S-Øn-bn-cp- p). Ip n-i-tfmsv amemj ]d p: ""hn. Ip m-\-bn Cutim-b-\p-`-hn- p \nμ-\߃ v ]cn-lm-c-ambn \n߃ XymK-Ir-Xy-߃ snbvxv Ahn-SpsØ Bizkn- n- pi.'' ASpØ \nanjw amemj A{]-Xy- -\m-bn. amxmhv {]Xy- -s -Sp- p tabv 13- \v Ip n-iƒ BSp-ta-bn- n-cp- Xv, ^møn-am-bn timhm Cudnb F ÿe-øm-bncp p. a ym t\c-øv, A{]- Xo- n-x-ambn H n-\p-]ndti H m-bn v an -ep- mbn! ag-bv p `mh-am-sw v Icp-Xn, Ip n-iƒ BSp-Isf A-Sn v ho ntebv v t]mim XpS-ßn. s]s v Ahn-sS-bp- m-bn-cp Hcp Hm v hrj- Øn {]Imihebw ImW-s - p! AXn\p nembn AXohkpμ cnbmb Hcp kv{xo cq]w! Ahƒ sh hkv{x-amwv [cn- n-cp- -Xv. inc ns\ BhcWw snbvxp, txmƒ ad v ]mzwhscsbøp tae nbpw, Iq nbncp ssiifn sh apøpiƒsim p \n Ωn P]amebpw B cq]sø pdn v knã eqkn ]d Xv kqcys\ mƒ tim`bp kv{xosb mwv. `bs tss v Ip nisf D]tZin psim v B Znhycq]w XpS p: ""Rm kz Øn \n p hcp p, HIvtSm_ amkw hsc Hmtcm amkhpw 13 \v Cu kabøv \n߃ ChnsS hcww, Znhkhpw P]ame snm Ww. Rm\msc pw, Fs Dt±iysas pw Rm ]dbmw. sszhw Abbv p F m thz\ifpw kln m Xømdm hww.'' F m Znhkhpw P]ameb n v temi kam[m\øn\p th nbpw bp w Ahkm\n p Xn\pth nbpw {]m n phm ]d psim v B kv{xo hr imjifn \n v Db v A{]Xy ambn. Ip niƒ hospifn sn p Z i\imcyw ]d t mƒ Ah AXv hnizkn n. hm Ø \m n Nnescms Adn p. Pq 13 \v Ip nisføn. H w GItZiw Fgp]Xpt]cpw. ]d Xp t]mse kv{xo cq]w {]Xy s p. Ip niƒ am{xta AXv I p p. B kz ob I\yIbpsS {]tim`bn eqknbpw {^m knkpw Pko mbpw ]cam\μøn apgpin. Aßv F n \n v F mhiy s Sp psh eqknbpss tnmzyøn\v adp]snbmbn B Znhykv{Xo ]d p: ""ASpØamkw 13 mw XobXn Cu kabøv ChnsS hcww. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 77

78 F m Znhkhpw P]ame A n Ww. Cu P]ame snm ptºmƒ Hmtcm clkyøn\ptijw Rm ]dbphm t]mip {]m \ IqSn snm Ww.'' CXmbncp p {]m \: ""Fs Cutimsb, RßfpsS ]m]߃ an Wta. \cim nbn \n p Rßsf c n Wta. F m Bflm sfbpw {]txyin v AßbpsS klmbw Bhiyap hscbpw kz Ønte v \bn Wta.'' ho pw B kz ob I\yI eqknsb kwt_m[\ snbvxp: ""aitf, \o hmbn phm\pw FgpXphm\pw ]Tn Ww. \o Ign amkw Bhiys tcmkim n B a\pjy\p e`n Wsa n ]m]pohnxw Abmƒ Dt] n Ww.'' kz obm\p`qxnb\p`hn psim ncp eqkn tnmzn p: ""\mty Rm\pw Fs ktlmzcnbpw ktlmzc\pw F v kz ØnseØpw?'' AXn\padp]Snbmbn B kv{xo ]d p: ""Pko msbbpw {^m ko kns\bpw Rm XmaknbmsX kz Ønte v sim pt]mipw. F m \o `qanbn hfsc\mƒ Pohn Ww. temiamkiew Fs Adnbn p Xn\pw kvt\ln p Xn\pw Cutim \ns \nban ncn p p. Fs ]mh\ lrzbtømsp ` n temiøn ÿm]n p Xn\pth n \o {ian Ww. C{]Imcw snbvxm temic Rm hmkvzm\w snøp p. sszhw Cu ` sc c n pw. sszhøn\v A n p ]pjv]߃ Bbncn pw Cu Bflm ƒ''. ]t, CXp hnizkn phm eqkn v km[n n. Ahƒ tnmzn p: ""Aßv, Pko msbbpw {^m kokns\bpw kz Ønte v sim pt]mipibmsw n Rm X\n nhnss Fßs\ Pohn pw? AXn\p adp]snbmbn B Znhykv{Xo ]d p: ""aitf, \o X\n mbn cn pibn. \ns Rm Hcn epw Dt] n pibn. Fs ]mh\lrzbw \n\ v Hc`bambncn pw. sszhønte v AXv \ns \bn pw''. B kabw kz ob I\yI Xs Ic߃ AhcpsSta \nh Øn nsn p. At mƒ B ZnhyIcßfn \n p {]ImicivanIƒ ]pds v AhcpsS lrzbßfnte v Xpf pibdn. kt mjkap{z Øn apßn Ah aq pt]cpw achn p {]XnaIsft]mse AhnsS \n p. ]cn. I\yIbpsS XncplrZbhpw AXnt\mSp kvt\lhpw F msw v At mƒ Ah v a\ nembn. B Znhykv{Xo A{]Xy ambt mƒ Np pap mbncp P\w \qdp tnmzyßfpambn eqknsb s]mxn p. F m F m 78 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

79 Imcyßfpw shfns SpØmXncp Xn\m sndnb Hcp {]Xntj[ tømspiqsn P\w ]ncn p. ho n \n v iimchm pifmwv Ahƒ v e`n Xv. Pqsse 13 Ip niƒ h t mƒ AhcpsS apºn kz obm\p`qxntbmss Znhy{]` snmcn p \n p B I\yI ]Xnhnepw kpμcnbmbn cp p. kz ob cm n AhcpsS kao]tø v \Ss Øn. B Ip nisf Xs {]ImiØn BhcWw snbvxp. eqkn tnmzn p: ""\mty, Aßv BcmsW p ]dbpibpw Aßv ChnsS Z i\w \ Ip p F v F mhcpw Adntb Xn\mbn Hc pxw {]h Øn p Ibpw snømtam?'' B Znhykv{Xo ]d p: ""F m amkhpw 13 mw XnbXn ChnsS hcni. HIvtSm_ amkøn Rm Bsc p ]dbmw. F mhcpw hnizkn p Xn\pth n A v Hc pxw {]h Øn pibpw snøpw.'' B Znhykv{Xo XpS p: ""]m]niƒ pth n ]cnlmc{]hrøn Iƒ snøphn. Hmtcm {]mb nø{]hrøn pw tijw C{]Imcw {]m n Ww. ""Hm, Fs Cutimtb, Fs Cu ]m]]cnlmc {]hrøn \nt msp kvt\løn\pth nbpw adnbøns hnaelrzbøn\v FXncmbn snøp t{zmlßfpss ]cnlmc Øn\pth nbpw Rm ImgvNshbv p p.'' DSs\ B kz ob I\yI Xs Ic߃ B Ip nifpss ta \nh Øn- n-sn p. B Icßfn \n ps]m n]pds {]Imi IncW ßfm Ah aq pt]cpw hebw snøs p. B {]ImiØn Ah \n ncp `qanbpw Hm pachpw, Np pw IqSnbncp \membnc Øn ]cw P\ßfpw, timhm apgph\pw A{]Xy ambn. AhcpsS apºn I Xv `bm\iamb \ci pgnbmbncp p. B Xo qfbntebv v FØnt\m nb Ip niƒ Benet]mse hnd p. Ah H piqsn B ZnhyI\yIbpsS kao]tø v ASpØp \n p. FÆs Sm Ignhn møhn[w ]nimnp fpw Bflm fpw B \cim nbn thz\ A\p`hn p Xv Ah I p. AXn hnirxamb arkßfpss cq]ønembncp p an ]nimnp fpw. F m, in n s a\pjy icoctømspiqsn B Xo pf bn X nadn psim ncn p p. Xhn p\ndambncp p AhcpS icoc߃ v. ]nimnp fpw a\pjycpw D Øn Bt{Imin p sim ncp Xv Ahsc `bs SpØn. Pzen p A nbn sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 79

80 \cihmkniƒ CfIpIbpw s]mßpibpw XmgpIbpw snbvxp sim ncp Xv B Ip nisf H piqsn `bhnlzecm n. Xo qfbn Pzen p I cn IjW߃t]mse Bbncp p Cu Bflm ƒ. thz\bn \n v Hcp\nanjwt]mepw Ch v ap nbp mbncp n. Cu `bm\i ImgvN s]s v h Xpt]mse s]s v ad p t]mbn. `bhnlzecmb eqknbpw Pko mbpw {^m kokpw ]gb ÿnxnbn FØn. B Znhykv{Xo C{]Imcw ]d p: ""]m]niƒ in n s Sp \ciw \n߃ I p. a\pjysc \nxy\cim n bn \n p c n m ]cn. adnbøns \n Ωe lrzbtømsp ` n temiøn ÿm]n phm sszhw B{Kln p p. C{]Imcw snbvxm ]e Bflm fpw \ciøn hogmsx c s]spw. Aßs\ temiøn kam[m\w D mbncn pw.'' Znhykv{XobpsS hm piƒ Ip nisf Bizkn n p. kz ob I\yI XpS p: ""Ct mƒ \S p bp w DSs\ Ahkm\n pw F m a\pjy ]m]øm sszhsø t{zmln pibmsw n CXnepw ITn\amb Hcp bp w ]obqkv ]Xns\m ma am m bpss ImeØp temisø in n pw. Hcp cm{xn A mxamb {]tim` bm `qan BhcWw snøs Sptºmƒ sszhw temisø in n p hm hcp p F p a\ nem pi"" (21 h j߃ ptijw 1938 P\phcn 25 mw XnbXn cm{xn bqtdm v apgph Hcp {]txyi {]Imi Øn apßn. B h jw Xs ln vedpss \mkn S c mw temi almbp w Bcw`n p) ""bp w hcpønhbv p \miøn \n p temisø c n p hm ]cnip I\yIbpsS XncplrZb {]XnjvT Rm Bhiy s Spw. AXpt]mse F m BZyi\nbmgvNbpw hn. Ip m\ kzoic Whpw, a\pjy C{]Imcw snbvxm djy am\km cs SpIbpw temiøn kam[m\w A\p`hs SpIbpw snøpw. As n djy, AhcpsS \ncoizc{]ÿm\w, temiw apgph ASnt ev]n pw. kxyk` srcp s Spw. ]cnip ]nxmhv hfscb[niw klnt nhcpw. ]ecmpyßfpw `qanbn \n v A{]Xy amipw. F nepw, Fs hnaelrzbw Ahkm\w hnpbn pw. ]cnip ]nxmhv djysb Fs hnaelrzbøn\v {]XnjvTn pw. Aßs\ Ipsd mew temiøn kam[m\w D mbncn pw. t]m pk cmpyøp hnizmkw \jvss SpIbn. Cu hnhc߃ Ct mƒ BtcmSpw ]dbcpxv. {^m kokns\ CsX mw Adnbn Ww''. 80 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

81 B ZnhyI\yIbpsS G hpw Zo Ln n kw`mjwambncp p CXv. B I\yI XpS p. : ""Rm Ct mƒ ]dbphm t]mip Xv hfsc h j߃ p tijw am{xta shfns SpØmhq''. DSs\Xs Hcp clkyw B I\yI Ahsc Adnbn p. AXn\p tijw amxmhns XncplrZbtØmSp ` nbpw temic bpw ]m]nifpss am\km chpw a pw ho pw B I\yI Ahsc Hm Ωn n p. eqkn tnmzn p: ""thsd Fs nepw Fs Adnbn p hm\pt m?'' thsd H pan sb v ]d psim v DSs\ Xs B kz obkv{xo A{]Xy bmbn. Cu clkyw Ip n-i-sf-s m v ]dbn n p Xn\pth n Hutd anse `cwm[nimcn Ip nisf X ns m pt]mbn `ojwns Sp Ønsb nepw Ah clkyw ]pdøphn n. BKÃv 13 mw XobXn Ah `cwm[nimcnbpss _ \Ønembncp Xn\m Ah v timhmbnte v hcphm km[n n. F nepw tømfw a\pjy AhnsS XSn piqsn. {]Imiap HcptaLtKmfw BImiØp\n v Xmsgbndßn hcp Xpw Aev]w Ign v A{]Xy amip Xpw P\ q Ønse Hcp Ip n ImWpIbp mbn. Ip n-iƒ kzx-{ -am- -s tijw Hcp RmbdmgvN Ah BSpIsfsIm v hment\mkv F ÿetø mwv t]mbxv. ]Xnhpt]mse P]amebmcw`n p. B P]ame Ahkm\n t mƒ B Znhykv{Xo BImiØp\n v Xmtgm ndßnh p. 13 mw XobXn timhmbn t]miphm XS s SpØnb Hutdanse `cwm[nim cnsb Ip s SpØns m mwv kz obi\yi kw`mjww Bcw`n Xv. eqkn tnmzn p "timhmbnse ac ph n P\߃ ]Ww \nt ]n p p v. AXv F v snøww'? AXn\padp]Snbmbn "AXn Hcp`mKw D]tbmKn v {]Z nwøn\p c p cq] qspiƒ ]WnbWw. sh hkv{xw [cn psim v \obpw Pko mbpw a p c p s] Ip nifpw AXn HscÆw FSpØv timhmbn ÿm]n Ww. AXn\p n P]ame cm nbpss kzcq]w h ncn Ww. at cq] qsv sh hkv{xw [cn v {^m knkpw a p aq p B Ip nifpw hln v timhmbn FØn Ww. amxmhns Aatem hlrzbcq]w AXn D mbncn Ww. _m nbp ]Ww timhmbn ]Wnbphm t]mip tzhmeb Øn\p XmWv. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 81

82 AXn\ptijw B ZnhyI\yI Ip nisf A\p{Kln psim v ]d p: "{]m n pi, ]m]niƒ pth n {]m n pibpw, ]cnlmc{]hrøniƒ snøpibpw thww. Ah pth n {]m n phmt\m ]cnlmc{]h ØnIƒ snøphmt\m Bcpw C.' ""HIvtSm_ 13 \p hn. butk pw DÆnaninlmbpw timhmbn hcp XmWv. Ah F mhscbpw A\p{Kln pw...'' eqkn tnmzn p. ""tcmknifmb ]escbpw kpjs SpØphm AßtbmSv bmnn Wsa v ]ecpw Ft msv Bhiys n p v. t]cpiƒ...'' Znhykv{Xo ]d p. "F\n dnbmw Ahcn Nnesc Cu h jw Xs Rm kpjs SpØpw. Bflmhns c bmwv icocøns c sb mƒ {][m\w...' XmaknbmsX B Znhykv{Xo aμw aμw Db v \oemimi Øn A{]Xy bmbn. sk]vxw_ 13 mw XobXn kao]n t mtgbv pw ^mønambpw timhmbpw Xo msiscs m v \nd p. ^møna, t]m ØpK ense eq ±mbnøocpsa v ]e]{xßfpw FgpXnbncp p. eqknbpw Pko mbpw {^m knkpw {]m \bpssbpw {]mbv nø Øns bpw PohnXw XpS p. 13 mw XnbXn 10 awn v F mhcpw IqSn P]ame XpSßn tømfw P\߃ AhnsS IqSnbncp p. P]ame Xo t mtg pw BImiØp\n p {]ImitKmfw Xmtgm v hcp Xv kiep\ßfpw I p. B Znhykv{Xo Ip nifpss kao] søøn. Z i\w A\p`hn psim ncp Ip nifpss apj߃ B ZnhyI\yIbpsS {]ImiØn Xnfßn. bp w Ahkm\n p Xn\mbn F m Znhkhpw {]m n Wsa pw Z i\ßfpss Ah km\ Znhkamb HIvtSm_ 13 \v Rm Hcp A pxw {]h Øn pw F pw Ip nisf Adnbn p. Ipd pign p B kz ob kv{xo Xs Z i\w Ahkm\n n p. F mhcpw t\m n \n s B {]ImitKmfw BImiØnte v \oßn. At mƒ Bbnc W n\v sh ]pjv] CXfpIƒ \oemimiøn \n v Xmtg v hogphm XpSßn. ]ecpw B CXfpIƒ ]nsns Sp phm {iaw \SØnsb nepw `qanbnseøp Xn\v ap ]pxs Ah Aen pt]mbn. Cu Z i\ßfn `cwm[nimcn v hnizmkan mxncps nepw CShI hnimcn v hnizmkap mbncp p. I ±n\mƒ km tdanse skan\mcn sdiv sd hnhc߃ At\zjn phm ^mønambnte v Ab p. 82 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

83 HIvtSm_ 13 HIvtSm_ 12 cm{xn apgph\pw ` P\{]hmlwsIm v ^mønambpw timhmbpw Xnc n Hcp ] W{]tZiambnØo p. A cm{xntbmss Bcw`n ag 13 mw XobXn D hsc \o p\n p. 13 mw XobXn 10 awn Ign t mtg pw 70,000 P\߃ AhnsS FØnsb v dnt m v snøs p. 11 awn Ign t mƒ eqknbpw Pko mbpw {^m knkpw AhcpsS IpSpw_mwKßfpw timhmbn Hm pacøn\v kao]w Ah mbn Hcp nbncp ÿesøøn P]ame Bcw`n p. 13 mw XnbXn a ym Øn hcpsa mwv B kv{xo ap Iq n Adnbn ncp Xv. D bmbt mƒ ag s]s v \n p. ASpØ\nanjw AXnkpμcnbmb B kz ob I\yI Hm pacøn {]Xy s p. eqkn tnmzn p. ""Aßv BcmIp p sh pw, F n \n v F mhiys Sp psh pw C dnbn mtam? AXn\v adp]sn bmbn: ""Rm P]ame cm nbmwv. Fs \maøn ChnsS Hcp sszhmebw ]WnbWsa v Rm B{Kln p p. F m Znhkhpw P]ame snm Ww. bp w Ahkm\n phm t]mip p. ] mf m sc mw AhchcpsS IpSpw_ßfn Xncns Øpw.'' P]ame` n hgn [mcmfw Bflm sf sszhøn\v t\snsbsp phm Ah v Ignbpsa v amxmhv Ahsc t_m[ys SpØn. ]cnip I\yI hmkvzm\w snbvxncp X\pkcn v a p Z i \ßfpw Ip niƒ p mbn. BZytØXv Xncp pspw_z i\am bncp p. Cutimbpw ]cnip adnbhpw hn. butk pw B Ip niƒ v {]Xy s p. Xncp pspw_w F mhscbpw A\p{Kln p Xv Ip niƒ I p. ASpØ Z i\w: Cutim Im hcnbn te p bm{xbn AWn ncp Nph v hkv{xw [cn v hymipe amxmhnt\mspiqss eqkn v ImWs p. Cutimbpw adnbhpw temisø A\p{Kln p. Ipd pkabw \o p\n Cu Z i\ Øn\ptijw ASpØ Z i\ap mbn: sh hkv{xw AWn amxmhv, Znhy DÆnsb asnbnencpøns m v Z i\w \ In. ho pw kz Øns bpw `qanbpssbpw cm nbmbn apsnbwn p sim mwv amxmhv Z i\w \evinbxv. kqcy\n A px߃ eqknbpw Pko mbpw {^m knkpw Xncp pspw_søbpw hymipeamxmhns\bpw P]amecm nsbbpw Z in psim n cp t mƒ, timhmbn IqSnbncp Øn ]cw P\w, ]cnip sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 83

84 I\yI hmkvzm\w snbvxncp A pxw ImWpIbp mbn. agsb mw amdn. im amb A co Øn kqcy ho pw \oem ImiØn Xnfßn \n p. B tkmfw Hcp N{μ ebmbpw ]n osv Hcp sh n {Iambpw BImiØp ImWs p. P\ßsf mw BImiØnte v t\m n. ]n osv kqcy AXnthKw Nen phm\pw hndbv phm\pw Ipepßphm\pw XpSßnbXv I v P\ßsf mw `b hnlzecmbn. aq pan\n v Ign t mƒ kqcy A nn{iambn amdn. AXnthKw IdßpIbpw A npzmeiƒ \m\mhitø pw ]pds Sp Ibpw snbvxp. XmaknbmsX, Idßp Hcp sh n {Iambn {]ImiIncW߃ ]pdtø v hoiphm XpSßn. kqcy{]imi Ønse Ggp \nd߃ Hmtcm mbn AhnsS IqSnbncp F mh scbpw BhcWw snbvxp. ""sszhamxmth'', F phnfn v ]ecpw s\ ØSn p hne]n p p mbncp p. XpS v kqcys \røambncp p. Aev]w Ign v kqcy ho pw ]q ΔÿnXnbnseØnsb nepw Xos mcn hnxdns m v AXnthKw Idßm XpSßn. AXnat\mlcamb B ImgvNbv v tijw kqcy BImiØp\n p Xmtgm v ]Xn phm Bcw`n p. temimhkm\w BKXambncn p psh v ]ecpw hnfn p]d p. ""kvt\lap sszhta, ]m]øn acn m CSbm t, ]cnip I\yItb, Rßsf c n Wta'' F v `qcn`mkw P\ßfpw {]m n p. ]{ v an\n n\ptijw kqcy im amhpibpw km[m cw coxnbn {]Imin pibpw snbvxp. agbn IpXn ncp hkv{xßsf mw s]s v DWßnbXmbn ImWs p. P]ameb n phm\pw ]m]niƒ v th n {]m n phm\pap Xocpam\ tømss B kaqlw kz{kmaßfnte v Xncn pt]mbn. HIvtSm_ \v timhmbn \S Cu alm pxw ^mønam bn \n p 25 In.ao. AIse Xmakn h pw ImWphm km[n p. ]nt ZnhksØ Zn\ {X߃ Cu almkw`hw BZyt]Pn Øs {]kn oicn p. sszhsøbpw k`sbbpw Ahtlfn v ^mønabv v FXncmbn FgpXnbncp \ncoizchmznbmb ]{Xm[n] AevtaUmbpw Cu kw`h߃ v ZrIvkm yw hln pibpw ^mønaz i\w Hcp bmym yambncp psh v Xs ]{XØnsegp XpIbpw snbvxp. Z i\w Ign Xn\ptijw Ip niƒ aq pt] pw NnecpsS ]cnlmkßfpw a pw klnt nh p. Ah AXv ]m]nifpss am\km cøn\mbn ImgvNh p. kl\øns ]mxbn Ah 84 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

85 Pohn p. bqtdm n Hcp ]I \n ]nsns] p. t]m pkente pw ]S p. ]\n Pko bv pw {^m knkn\pw ]nsns] p. Pko mbpss ]\n s]s v amdn. {^m knkns acww ASpØncn p psh v Ah\v a\ nembxn\m Ah Ft mgpw kt mjhm\mbn ImWs p. Hcp Znhkw Pko m {^m knkns apdnbnencp t mƒ amxmhv c pt] pw {]Xy s p. amxmhns Znhy{]` bn Ah ]cam\μ]qcnxcmbn. amxmhv Xßsf Iq ns m p t]miphm h ncn pibmsw v Ah hnizkn p. AhcpsS a\ dn amxmhv C{]Imcw ]d p: "{^m knkv, \o DSs\ acn pibn, F m A[nIw XmaknbmsX \ns kz Ønte v sim pt]miphm Rm hcpw. Pko m, \o DSs\ acn pibn. IqSpX kln v ]m]nisf c n phm \o XømdmtWm?' "AtX amxmth' F v Ahƒ DØcacpfn. "\o IqSpX klnt nhcpw. \o c p NnIn mÿeßfn thz\ A\p`hnt nhcpw. c m asø ÿeøp\n v \ns Rm kz Ønte v sim p t]mipw.' C{Xbpw ]d Xn\ptijw amxmhv Ahsc A\p{Kln p hn pt]mbn G{]n 3 mw XobXn {^m knkv Xs InS bn h v BZyIp m\ kzoicn p. ]nt v 4 mw XnbXn cm{xn 10 awn v Ah I Ømhn \n{z{]m]n p. ^møna{kmaw apgph\pw Ahs A ybm{xbn ]s SpØp. AkpJw _m[n v InS nembncp Pko mbv v 1919 Unkw_ amkøn ]cnip I\yI {]Xy s p. XmaknbmsX Pko m enkv_wnse Hcmip]{Xnbn FØpsa pw AhnsS X\n mbncn ptºmƒ acn pw F pw ]d p. tcmkhpw NnIn bpambn Znhk߃ IS pt]mbn s^{_phcn 20 mw XobXn cm{xn \v P]ame cm n Pko msb kz Ønte v Wn p hm Bip]{Xnbn FØn. B kabw Np pw \n c v I\ym kv{xoitfmsv Pko m ]d p: ""sshzoi v th n [mcmfw {]m n Ww.'' I\ymkv{XoIƒ apdnbn \n p t]mbt mƒ Ahƒ \nxyxbnte v {]thin p. enkv_wn Pko mbpss arxicocw ImWms\Ønb ]e pw AhfpsS icocøn \n pw Hcp kuc`yw {]kcn p Xmbn A\p`hs p. Pko mbpss acwtømss ^mønam am{xa, t]m pk apgph\pw P]ame ` nbn \n hrxambn ImWs p sabv 31 mw XobXn t]m pkense sa{xm am t]m pkens\ amxmhns hnaelrzbøn\p {]XnjvTn p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 85

86 1935 sk]vxw_ 13 mw XnbXn eodnbmbnse sa{xms Iev]\b\pkcn v Pko mbpss I d Xpd s p. s] n Xpd p t\m nbt mƒ AhfpsS icocøn\v bmsxmcp tispw D mbncp n. Hcp ]pxnb s] nbn AS p ^mønambn {^m knkns I dbv v kao]w {]txyiw Xømdm nb ÿeøv AS n Bcw`n c mw temialmbp Øn t]m pk \njv] X ]men p. bp Øn t]m pkokpimcmcpw acws n. (addp hnhc߃ tnmtzymøccq]øn simspøncn p p) 1. eqkn 14 hb phscbp hnzym`ymkw \SØnbXv ^mønambnse kviqfn 2. D]cn]T\Øn\v th n t_m UnwKn Xmakn ÿew Hs m Øm F ÿeøv hn. sumtcønbpss k` m \SØp t_m UnwKv kviqƒ. 3. t_m UnwKv kviqƒ {]thi\kabøv eqknbpss t]cv adnbm tumckv F m phm ImcWw? amxmhv {]Xy s eqknbmsw v a p h AdnbmXn cn phm\pw AXphgn kzÿambn ]Tn phm\pw th n. 4. eqkn hn. sumtcønbpss k ymkn\n k`bn tn p adnb tumcnkv F t]cn k`mhkv{xw kzoicn Xv 1925 (18 mw hb n ) Unkw_ 10 mw XnbXn Nm en {]m n psim ncp t mƒ _me\mb CutimbpsamØv amxmhv {]Xy s v, Cutimbpw amxmhpw AhtfmSv ]d Xv Cutim ]d p: "Fs AΩbpsS lrzbsø \o t\m q. a\pjycpss ]m]߃aqew Fs AΩbpsS lrzbw ap pifm hebw snøs ncn p p. ]cnlmc{]hrønifm Cu ap piƒ am phm Bcpw C.' amxmhv eqknbpss txmfn ssih psim p]d p: ""aitf, a\pjy AhcpsS ]m]ßfm Fs lrzbw ap piƒsim v \nd ncn p p. \o F nepw Fs Bizkn n pi. acwkabøv {]txyiw {]kmzhcw \ In a\pjysc c n p Xn\pth n XpS bmbn A v BZyi\nbmgvNIfn Ipºkmcn v hn. 86 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

87 Ip m\ kzoicn v P]amebpsS A p clky߃ snm n 15 an\n v [ym\n Wsa v \o Fs \maøn F mhscbpw Adnbn Ww.' amxmhv {]Xy s v eqkntbmsv shfns SpØphm Bhiys, 1917 Pqsse 13 \v \ Inb H pw c pw Z i\߃ 1. \ciz i\w 2. c mw temi almbp Øn\v apt msnbmbn ImWphm t]mip henb {]Imiw 7. knã adnbm tumckv hn. sumtcønbpss k\ymkn\n k`hn v timbn_bnse I ΩeoØm k`mwkambn 1941 {hxsaspø t mƒ kzoicn t]cv knã tacn eqkn 8. amxmhv ^mønambn {]Xy s t mƒ Adnbn X\pkcn v djysb amxmhns hnaelrzbøn\v {]XnjvTn Xv ]{ mw ]obqkv ]m 1942 HIvtSm_ 31 mw XobXn 9. ^mønam amxmhns A px Xncpkzcq]߃ BZytØXv ^mønambnepw enkv_wnepw Xo ms\w \SØn bxn\v tijw ^mønambn AXv Ccp ÿeøv ÿm]n p. c matøxv: Hcp Xo ms\ kzcq]w thwsa P\ßfpsS Bhiyw ]cnkwn v knã eqknbpambn N snbvxxn\p tijw ^møna _nj v, tpmkv txunw F {]ikvx simøp ]Wn mcs\s m v \n Ωn cq]w, 1947 sabv 13 \v Bin hzn v ""^møna amxmhns tzim c Xo ms\ Xncpkzcq]w'' F v t]cn p. bqtdm neps\ofw bm{xbmcw`n pibpw [mcmfw A px ߃ \S pibpw snbvxp. aq matøxv: hnhn[ cmpyßfn \n p A`y \ am\n v ^møna _nj v thsdmcp Xncpkzcq]hpw IqSn tpmkv txunsb s m v \n Ωn n v B h jw Xs HIvtSm_ 13 \v Bio h Zn v ]m mxy\mspifn Xo ms\øn\v A\phZn p. Atacn bn {`qwlxy\nbaw {]m_eyøn h AhkcØn \yqh fnb kv cq]xbn A pxcq]w Xo ms\w \SØn s m ncp t mƒ cq]øns IÆpIfn \n v IÆo W ߃ {]Xy s Xmbn dnt m v snøs p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 87

88 - 10. {^m knkvtimsbbpw Pko msbbpw hmgvøs hcmbn {]Jym]n Xv 2000 sabv 13 \v tpm t]mƒ c ma am m. 11. tpm t]mƒ c ma am m bpss \n t±ia\pkcn v 2000 Pq 26 \v {]kn oicn "^mønambnse aq masø clkyw' (1917 Pqsse 13 \v ^mønabn h v Ip niƒ v {]Xy s t mƒ amxmhv \ InbXv) BZy Z i\øn sszh\oxnbpss amemj temisø A n sim v in n m\mbn Hmßn \n p Xpw, amxmhv AXv XS p \n Øp Xpw- - amemj, hexpicw `qanbnte v Nq n D Øn ]dbp p: ""{]mbv nøw, {]mbv nøw'' F v. c m asø Z i\øn, am m hfsctbsd ihicocßfpss apifneqss {]bmks v \S v, Po Æn Hcp ] WØneqsS, Hcp henb Ipcnip\m nbncp Ip n apifnte v t]mip Xmbn ImWp p, AhnsSh v At±lw h[n s Sp p. X kabw, am m bpss AcnIn \n v sszhzqx c km nifpss c w Xfn pibpw snøp p. 12. eqknbpss acww 97 mw hb- n, 2004 s^{_p- -hcn 13 \.v ^møna amxmhv ]Tn- n {]m \ Hm! Fs Cutimsb, RßfpsS ]m]߃ an Wta. \cim nbn \n p Rßsf c n Wta. F m Bflm sfbpw {]txyin v, AßbpsS klmbw Bhiyap hscbpw kz Ønte m \bn Wta. 88 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

89 20. thfm- Æn amxmhv (BtcmKy amxmhv) Xncp\mƒ: sk]vxw_ 8 (amxmhns P\\Øncp\mfn ) C ybnse G hpw henb amxrxo ms\ ti{μamb thfm Æn Xangv\m nemwv ÿnxnsnøp Xv. Cu Xo ms\ ti{μøns DXv]Ønsb n Ncn{X]camb sxfnhpiƒ Cs nepw {]mtzini ]mcºcyøn \n pw e`n hnhc߃ Xmsg simsp p p. GXm v 16, 17 \q m pifn kw`hn c p Z i\ßfmwv Cu Xo ms\ ti{μøns ÿm]\imcw ambnøo Xv. H masø Z i\w: Hcp CSbs dp ]Xnhpt]mse Hcp Znhkw D bv v, ]mepambn, B psabpss ho nte v t]mipibmbn cp p. D qsn hmsnøf Ah ASpsØmcp B Ødbn Ibdn hn{ian th Ddßnt mbn. (\mk] WØv "\ΩpsS \mybpss Ipfw' F v C pw Adnbs Sp Hcp Ipf cbnembncp p Cu B hr w) Ah Ddßth, at\mlci_vzw ti v sr n DW p. DW bpss\, I apºn, I\Im` Nn p Ip ns\ hln p Hcp kpμcnsb, Xt msev]w ]men\v bmnn p \nebn Ah I p. Xs bpam\\p sim pt]mip ]msespøm hcp `hnjyøv hnnmcn v Ah BZyw asns nepw Ahkm\w AhcpsS B{Klw \nh Øn p simsp pi Xs snbvxp. F m, `bnin X\mbn bpam\k n[nbnseøn ]m psw Xpd t mƒ ]Xnhp t]mse h phsc \nd ncn p Xv I v Ah A pxkvx_v[ \mbn. Xs sslμh bpam\s\ Ah kw`hn sx mw hnhcn v tiƒ n p. Abmƒ- D-Ss\ Ip nbpsamøv, Z i\ÿm\tø v h p. AtX Z i\w Abmƒ pap mbn. sslμhcoxnbnep Hcp hw w A papx Xs AhnsS Bcw`n Xmbn IcpXs Sp p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 89

90 c masø Z i\w thfm Æn SpØv \SpØn F ÿeøv bm{x m v tamcv hn ]\ \SØns m ncp aps \mb Hcp Ip n v \ΩpsS \my ImWs v, Xs Znhyss]Xen\v Iptd tamcv hmßns mspøtijw Ahs aps v kpjam n. Cu hnhcw \mk] WsØ Hcp ItØm en s\ Adnbn phm Aht\mSmhiys p. Cu ItØmen \pw Xte cm{xnbn CØcsamcp Z i\w D mbxmbn ]dbs Sp p. BIbm aps \mbncp Ip n h p hnhcw Adnbn bpss\ Abmƒ ÿeøv h v ÿnxnkxniƒ Bcm p. AhnsS ap ]d t]mse, Hcp Znhykv{Xosb AhfpsS ss]xepsamøv, Xt± iobcmb lnμp ƒ Hcp tzhxbmsw p[-cn v, GXm\pw h jw apºv ZnhyZ i\ap mbxmbn ]dbs Sp B Ipf cbn hwßn hcp Xmbn Adnbn pibpw snbvxp. IqSmsX AhnsSh pw Abmƒ v B kv{xobpw ss]xepw thsdmcp Z i\øn DSs\ ImWs psim v AhnsS AhfpsS _lpam\m w Hcp tzhmebw ]WnbWsa v Bhiys p. DS\Sn, Hmeta Hcp sndpsjuv si nbp m n. AXn Hcp ]otw \n Ωn v B kv{xo bpss cq]hpw \n Ωn v AXn ÿm]n p. aps Ip nbpss A p XkpJ{]m]vXn \mssßpw Adn p. P\߃ {]m n phm XSn piqsn, [mcmfw A pxßfpw kw`hn p. I mcpss It f 17 mw \q m n t]m pkokpimcpss \mhnim[n]xyimeøv ssn\bnse amt mhmbn \n pw Hcp I hs {ioe bnte v (kntem ) t]miptºmƒ simsp m n s SpIbp mbn. Aßs\ bp kμ `ßfn km[mcw snømdp Xpt]mse, AXnse \mhnicpw amxmhns a yÿxbn A`bw txspibpw B] Øn \n p c s] m, A]ISat\y I esp p Zn n amxr alxzøn\mbn Hcp tzhmebw ]WnIgn n msa v t\ t\cp Ibpw snbvxp. I DS\Sn kpc nxambn C sø thfm Æn v kao]w \ qcapd n p. I m amxmhn\m Øs, ap ]d Hmeta ] nbnte m\oxcmbn. t\ {]Imcw Ah AhnsS Øs Hcp \ ] n ]Wnbphm XpSßnbt mƒ amxmhv Ah v ho pw {]Xy bmbn ] n ]Wntb IrXyÿm\w ImWn p simspøp. C sø thfm Æn ] n B ÿm\øv Xs bmwv \n ΩnXambncn p sx mwv ]mcºcyw. A h ]WnX ] n v 24 ASn \ofhpw 12 ASn hoxnbpta D mbncp p p. ]pxnb ] n 90 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

91 ]Wn Xo bpss\ amxr{]xna kzbw ]gb ] nbn \n v AhntS v A pxicambn amdnh pt]m! C v AƒØmcbn ImWp ss nƒ IYIƒ BteJ\w snbvx Ifna s]bn nwkv sπbv piƒ ssn\bn \n v A sø \mhni sim p h XmWv. \mk] Ww anjs `mkambncp thfm Wn 1771 Hcp kzx{ CShIbmbn ssaem q cq]xbnse CShI sshzni AXns `cw`mcw Gs Sp pwhsc {^m knkvi k\ymknifmwv Cu Xo ti{μw t\m n ]cn]men p t]m ncp Xv. I mcpss sndnb ] n, ]nev meøv 70 ASn \ofhpw 22 ASn hoxnbpap Hcp henb ] nbm n amddn emwv ] n ho pw hepxm n C p c v tkmøniv kvxq]߃ ]WnXpb ØnbXv 1933 c v ""hnßv'' Ifpw XmgnI pshpw ]Wn Xo Øp. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 91

92 21. h m ]msøω (Xncp\mƒ : sk]vxw. 24) (_ \hntamni\my) sim n XpdapJØns hs v FdWmIpfØns ]Sn mdpw ssh n Zzo]ns Ing pambn ÿnxnsnøp at\mlcamb Hcp Zzo]mWv h m ]msw. t_m pam w am{xw FØnt cmambncp h m ]msøv tkm{io]me߃ h t mƒ apx Icam w k mctbmkyambn. h m ]msøns Ncn{XØnte v Hs Øn t\m mw. F.Un. 52 ticføn h txmam«olmbpss t{]jnx {]h Ø\^eambn \nch[n IpSpw_߃ ss{ikvxh hnizmkw kzoicn v ]e kaqlßfmbn hnhn[ ÿeßfn Pohn p t]m n cp p. AØcØnep Hcp kaqlw h m ]msøv hkn ncp Xm bn mwv ]ga m ]dbp -Xv. h m ]mssø BZysØ ] n F v ÿm]n psh v tcjifns nepw AXp ÿm]n Xv ]cnip m cq]nbpss \mat[bønembncp p timgnt msv h ptn t]m pkokpimcpss Xmhfw 1500 Unkw_ 24 mw XobXn sim nbn te v am pibpw hmwnpy_ w ÿm]n pibpw snbvxtxmss Ah sim ncmpyøv ÿm\apd n p. h m ]msw Dƒs ss ticf cbnse {InkvXym\nIfpsS CSbn eøo doøns Bcw `hpw tdmanse am m bpss t\cn p _ hpw Bcw`n p Xv ChcpsS BKa\tØmsSbmbncp p. h m ]msw Zzo]ns hf bpw {]ikvxnbpw Bcw`n Xpw Cu kabømbncp p. eøo doøn tebv v ]cnh Ø\w snøs am tømωm {InkvXym\nIƒ v Ah [mcmfw klmb߃ \evipibpw h m ]msw ]ffn v ÿnc ambn Hcp sshznis\ G msv snøpibpw snbvxp. CtXmsSm w acnb ` nsbbpw t{]m mln n p. 92 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

93 _ \hntamni \my 13 mw \q m n bqtdm y cmpyßfn aplωzobcn \n p {InkvXym\nIƒ v henb IjvSXIƒ A\p`hnt nh kabøv 1218 hn. ]o s\mfmkvtim, hn. ssdaq v s] t]m v, spbnwkv cmpmhv F nh v ]cnip I\yI {]Xy bmbn. A v kvs]bn cmpyøns `qcn`mkhpw ssibs nh ncp aq h Øns {Iqcamb _ \Øn \n p {InkvXym\nIsf tamnn n phm Hcp ` k` ÿm]n phm Iev]n p. AX\pkcn v 1218 BKÃv 10 \v spbnwkv cmpmhv ""_ \hntamnibmb sszhp\\nbpss k`'' ÿm]n pibpw sszhp\\n {]Xy bmb AtX Ombbn Xs B AΩbpsS Hcp ]Sw \n Ωn pibpw snbvxp. {^m kv, Cw v, P Ω\n, t]m pk, kvs]bn F o cmpyßfn Cu k`bv v hºn {]Nmcw kn n pibpw snbvxp. AΩ-bpsS Cu Nn{X-Øns Ggv {]XnIƒ t]m pkokpim 1524 ticfønte v sim phcn Ibpw Ahbnsem v h m ]msøv ÿm]n pibpw ]n osxv ""h m ]msøω"" F t]cn Adnbs SpIbpw snbvxp. 3 ASn 3 C v \ofhpw 2 ASn 2 C v hoxnbpap Hcp ]eibn Nph pw sh bpw \oebpw Nmb߃ D]tbmKn v Nn{XoIcn n p Cu Nn{Xw ÿm]n XpapX h m ]msw ] nbpss HutZymKnI\maw ""_ \hntamnibpss tzhmebw'' (Our Lady of Ransom Church) F v Adnbs Sm XpSßn. A px߃ D mb i amb sh s m Øn h m ]msw ] n CSn phogpibpw hntamni\mybpss Nn{Xw Dƒs ssbp F m hkvxphiifpw \jvss SpIbpw snbvxp. cq]w Xncn pin p Xn\p th n CShImwK߃ {]m n psim ncp A meøv sim n cmpyøns {][m\a{ nbmbncp ]menbø Hcp Znhkw Xr qwnøpd sim mcøn \n p ImbeneqsS ssh n IcbpsS Ing p hiøpiqss tnμawketø v t]mhpibmbncp p. B k ymkabøv AXoh{]Imiw snmcnbp Ft m Hcp hkvxp sh Øn s]m n ns p Xmbn Xpg m ImWpIbpw ]menb Ø s \n t±ia\pkcn v Xpg m AXv FSp phm ]cn{ian p Ibpw snbvxp. ]t Xpg m F{X {ian n pw Ah Xv FSp p hm km[n n. HSphn ]menbø Xs GtXm Dƒt{]cW bm ssi\o n AXv FSp phm {ian t mƒ B hkvxp At±l Øns ssiifnte v h ptn p. sh Ønembncps nepw sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 93

94 H pw \\bmxncp AXv h m ]msøωbpss ]SamsW v Aac mc sxmω ss]en Xncn dnbpibpw amxmhns Xr SØns A pxkn n hnhcn pibpw snbvxt mƒ ]menbø s \n t± i{]imcw ] ntbmsw h m ]msw IShneSp n p. amxmhns Xncp Sw In nbxdn v \m pimsc mw ] n Shn HmSn qsn. sh s m Øn Hen pt]mb ] n v ]Icambn ]pxnb Hcp ] n BhiyamsW v \msns DSaÿ\pw XßfpsS a{ nbpamb ]men bø (cma henb ) a\ nem pibpw Xs ÿeøv ] n DSs\ ]Wnbphm A\phmZw simsp pibpw snbvxp. P\߃ kwxr]vxcmbn H S w D mln v s]s p Xs B ÿeøv ]\ºvsI n Hcp ] n XmXv ImenIambn ]WnXo pibpw amxm hns B hninjvsnn{xw AXn ÿm]n pibpw snbvxp. A v ]menbø Zm\ambn \ Inb ÿeømwv C v ] nbpw kviqfpw a pw ÿnxnsnøp Xv. CXv IqSmsX h m ]msøωbpss Nn{Xw ÿm]n ncn p AƒØmcbpsS apºn ImWp c v sismhnf pifn H ns FÆs ehpw ]menbø simsp m sa v Gev pibpw snbvxp. 2. bqtdm n h {]Nmcw e`n ""_ \hntamnibmb sszh P\\nbpsSk`''bpsS Hcp imj h m ]msøv XpSßphm\p Zo L\mfsØ ]cn{ia߃s msphn 1750 tdman \n pw A\phmZw e`n p. [mcmfw A px߃ kw`hn psim ncp Xn\m h m ]msøωbpss Io Øn F mhn`mkw P\ßfnepw {]Ncn pibpw At\I v Cu AΩbpsS A\p{Klw In ns m n cn pibpw snbvxp. Cu AhkcØnemWv h m ]msw ] nbpss Ncn{XØn X en]nifm FgpXnt Ø Xmsg ImWp A pxw \S Xv. sim n cmpipspw_hpambn ASpØ _ ap mbncp Ipeo\ \mb XdhmSpIfn H mb "] nbn ho pimcn ' Hcp hosv h m ]msømbncp p sabv 23 mw XobXn B ho nse ao\m nbω Xs iniphn\v tnmdp simsp p Xn\mbn Nne _ p fpsamcpan v a mt cnbnep AhcpsS Xdhm v t {X Øntebv p h nam w t]mhpibmbncp p. h n h m ]msøp \n p sxt m v \oßn, cma XpcpØn\v sx p]sn mdv I Nmen\v ASpsØØnbt mƒ s]s v henb Im pw timfpw Imb ens\ Cf nadn p. h n adn p. ao\m nbωbpw Ip psamgnsi _m n F mhcpw \o n c s] p. ao\m nbω pw Ip n\pw 94 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

95 th nbp Xnc n XpS s nepw ^ew \ncmimp\iambncp p. F m A pxsa p]dbs ]nt v sshipt cw h n adn ÿeøv Ahkm\ambn hebn t mƒ hebn Ft m IpSpßnb Xmbn A\p`hs p. hes]m n apifnte v FSpØt mƒ I ImgvN Aev]t\ctØ v B pw hnizkn m Ign n. hkv{x ߃t]mepw \\hv X mø hn[øn AΩbpw Ip pw Poht\msS hebnencn p p. DS Ah kwkmcn p. h n adn t mƒ h m ]msøωbpss klmbw At] n pibpw Ip ns\bpw sim v ASna Ccp psim msa v Ah t\ t\cpibpw snbv Xncp p. sh Øn\Snbn Hcp apdnbnencn p Xp t]msebp A\p`hambncp psh v ao\m nbω ]d p. XpS v ao\m n bωbpss \n _ w aqew Ahsc ] nbnte v sim pt]mhp Ibpw ao\m nbωsbbpw Ip ns\bpw h m ]msøωbpss ASnaIfmbn {]XnjvTn v hnimcnb s\bpw P\ßsfbpw Gev]n p Ibpw snbvxp. Ipd v \mƒsim v \akvimcßfpw addpw ]Tn Xn\p tijw AΩbpw Ip pw Hcpan v m\kv\m\w kzoicn pibpw ] n v kao]w D mbncp Hcp sndnb ho n Xmakn psim v, `P\bncp v {]m n pibpw ] nap w ASn pi, ]cnkc߃ hrønbm pi apxemb ZmkytheIfpw snbvxpsim v ]pwy PohnXw \bn pibpw snbvxp. Cu A pxøns Hm Ωbv mbn A sø ta mcs {]txyi A\paXntbmSpIqsS {]kvxpx ao\m nbωbpss Nn{Xw, Ip nsb asnbn h ncn p Xmbpw ]cnip h m ]msøωsb t\m n [ym\n p hn[ambpw h m ]msøωbpss Xncp SØns CSXp Iogv`mKØv AtX Nn{XØn Xs hc v tn s SpIbpw snbvxp. C v AƒØmcbn ImWp Nn{Xw CXmWv. taev]d ncn p alm pxsø XpS v h m ]msø ΩbpsS Znhy{]`mhØm D mbn p Xpw D mbns m ncn p Xpamb A px߃ \nch[nbmwv sk]vxw-_ 12- \v h m ]msw ] n tziob Xo m-s\ ti{μ-ambn {]Jym-]n- - -s - p. ""sszh ` nbmwv m\øns DdhnSw.'' (kp-`m-jn-x߃ 9:10-) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 95

96 22. simc napøn Xncp\mƒ : HIvtSm_ 10 mw XnbXn Ign phcp Rmb FdWmIpfw A amen AXncq]XbpsS hss A Øv Xriq Pn mxn Ønbn ÿnxn snøp simc n s^mtdm\m ]ffn Hcp A tziob Xo ms\ambn amdns m ncn p p. simc napøn F t]cnemwv ]cnip I\yImadnbw simc nbnepw kao]{]tzi ßfnepw Adnbs Sp Xv. simc n]ffnbpss ÿm]\w 1381 sk]vxw_ 8 mw XnbXn F mwv hnizmkw. ]ffnbpss D hsø kw_ n pff ]e sfxnlyßfn \n pw G hpw hnizmktbmkyambxv Xmsg simsp p p. Btdgp \p m piƒ p apºv ticfw At\Iw sndpjwvu ßfmbn CS{]`p m `cn p t]m ncp p. kao]ÿcmb c v CS{]`p fmbncp p simc n ssiafpw timst»cn I Ømhpw. ssia fpss Iogn [mcmfw {InkvXym\nIƒ bp tkh\w snbvxncp p. ssiafpw I Ømhpw XΩnep mb Hcp bp Øn ssiafpss tk\m\mbi\mbncp {io. Ihe ms sim phdnbxv hocarxyp hcn p. At±lØns ihkwkv mcw X _lpaxnitfmss CShItZhmebamb Aºg m p ]ffnbn \SØp Xn\v sim p t]msb nepw timst»cn I Ømhns CSs]S aqew AXp km[n sx t]mbn. Xncn psim p hcp hgn hn{ian p Xn\pth n iha w Cd n h p. F m hn{iaøn\ptijw iha w FSp phm F{X {ian o pw km[n møhn[w AXv AhnsS Dd p t]mbn. hnhcadn ssiaƒ Ct mƒ I pcnip ÿnxnsnøp ÿeøv PUw adhpsnøpibpw {InkvXym\nIfmb Xs B{in 96 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

97 X pth n kz w snehn Hcp tzhembw DSs\ Xs \n Ωn p simsp pibpw ]ffn v Iptd ÿe߃ Zm\w snøpibpw snbvxp. amxm-hns t\cn- p {]Xy- o-i-c-w-sø- n Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- n-s - nepw simc napønbpss am yÿyi nbm kw`hn n pffxpw kw`hn psim ncn p A px߃ \nch [nbmwv. simc napøn pff t\ Ifn G hpw {][m\s ]qh Ipe t\ bv p ]n nepw simc n sdbn thtãjs bpw a[pc tim vkns bpw ÿm]\øn\p ]pdinepw simc napønbpss CSs]SepIfmsW v hnizkn p Xmbn CShINcn{XØn tcjs SpØnbncn p p ]pxp n WnXtZhmebØnse Npa Nn{Xßfpw ]cnip I\yImadnbØns t^mt mbpw tdmkdn hnt Ppw Ghscbpw BI jn p XmWv. a p h \n߃ v snbvxp XcWsa v \n߃ B{Kln p sx mw \n߃ Ah p snøphn. (aømbn 7:12) sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 97

98 23. ]cn. I\yIm adnbw Kc-_-μm-fn 1961 apx 1965 hsc kvs]bn-\nse Kc-_-μmƒ F ae-tbmc {Km-aØnse \mep-s] Ip- n-iƒ v amxmhv {]Xy- -s -Sp-Ibpw temi-øn\v ASn-b- nc ktμ-i-߃ \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp. AXns {][m-\- hn-h-c-ß-fmwv Xmsg simsp-øn-cn- p- -Xv. Hcp amem-j-bpss kμ i\w 1961 Pq 18- mw XobXn sship-t cw sim nø tkm kmekv (12), spko m tkm km-ekv (12), tacn temen akq (12), tacn {Iqkv tkm km-ekv (11) F o \mep-s] Ip- n-iƒ Kc-_-μmƒ {Kma- Øns ]Sn- msd A Øv Ifn- p-sim- n-cnt CSn-\mZw t]mep Hcp i_vzw ti p. s]s v {]`m-]q-cn-x-\mb Hcp amemj AhcpsS apºn h p-\n- p. At±lw Ah-tcmSv H pw ]d-bmsx A{]-Xy- -\m-bn. Ip n-iƒ `b v kw{`-atømss {Kma-Ønse tzhm-e-b-ønte-t m-sn. ASpØ 12 Znh-k-߃ n-s-bn F p-{]m-h-iyw-iqsn amemj Ah v {]Xy- -s - p. an Znh-k-ß-fnepw sim -snm- n-b-xn-\pti-j-am-bn-cp p Z i\w e`n- n-cp- -Xv. Pqsse H mw XobXn i\nbm-gvn-bmwv amemj Ah-tcmSv BZy-ambn kwkm-cn- -Xv. Pqsse 2 mw XobXn Rmb-dmgvN amxmhv I Ω-e-\m-Y-bpsS cq]-øn {]Xy- bm-ip-sa v Ahsc Adn-bn- p. Aßs\ ]cn. I\y-I-bpsS hc-hn- \mbn amemj Ip n-isf Hcp- n. amxmhv Ip n-iƒ v {]Xy- -s -Sp- p. Cu hm Ø hfsc thkw \mssßpw {]N-cn- p. Pqsse c n\v FÆ-a kμ i-i-tcm-ssm w At\Iw sshzn-icpw Kc_μm-fn FØn-t p. X߃ v amemj {]Xy- -s ÿm\-tø v Bdpa-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ip n-iƒ Ahsc \bn- p. Ah FØp- -Xn-\p-apºp- 98 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

99 Xs Ccp-h-iØpw Hmtcm amem-j-bpss AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ]cn. I\yI {]Xy- -s - p. X߃ v t\csø {]Xy- -s amem-jsb Ah Xncn- -dn- p. (B amemj apjy-zq-x-\mb hn. anjm-tb-em-sw v ]n osv shfn-s -Sp-Ø-s - p) ]cn. I\y-I-tbmSv Ip n-iƒ Xpd v kwkmcn- p-ibpw amxmhv ]d- n v Hcp P]-ame snm p-ibpw snbvxp. Xn - fmgvn ho pw hcm-sa v ]d v Ahƒ A{]-Xy- -bm-bn. Ip niƒ v {]Xy- -s - -t mgp amxm-hns cq]w "sim n- Øm-bpsS Ub-dn- p-dn- p-i-fn ' simsp-øn-cn- p- Xv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv. amxmhv ImW-s - Xv sh -bp-sp pw \oe-h-kv{xhpw Xe-bn sndnb I\-I-\- -{X-߃sIm- p Inco-Shpw [cn- p-sim mbncp p. ]mzw ImWmambncp n. Ic߃ hncn p]nsn ncp p. he-xp-i-c-øn {_u DØ-cobw Xqßn- n-s- n-cp- p. Xe-ap-Sn, \o v Ccp Xhn- p-\n-d-øn Aev]w Npcp- v, \Sp-hn hi- p-in-s- n-cp- p. apjw Zo L-hr-Øm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep- Xpw aq v hæw Ipd v \o Xpw A[- -c߃ AXn-kp-μ-c-ß-fp-am-bn-cp- p. Nne-t mƒ Znhy-D-Ænsb hln- psim- n-cp- -Xmbn I p. Pqsse aq mw XobXn Xn -fmgvn \mep-t] pw Z i\ ÿe Øph v ]cn-ip I\yI DÆn-tbm-Sp-IqSn {]Xy- -bm-bn. amem-jam D m-bn-cp- n-. Pqsse \memw-xo-bxn snmδmgvn AtX ÿe- ØpXs Xmsg simsp-øn-cn- p ktμiw \ Ip-Ibpw AXv HIvtSm-_ 18- mw XnbXn ]c-ky-ambn P\-ßsf Adn-bn- p-hm \n t±in- p-ibpw snbvxp. ""\mw hf-sc-b-[niw XymK-߃ A\p-jvTn- -Ww. [mcmfw ]cn-lm-chpw snø-ww. hnip IqZmiIfn IqsS qss ] psim pibpw ZnhyImcpWy\mYs\ kμ in pibpw thww. F m, BZy-ambn \mw hfsc \ PohnXw \bn- -Ww. A m-ø- ] w Hcp hen-b-in \ΩpsS ta \n]-xn- pw. ]m\-]m{xw Ct mƒøs \nd- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. \mw a\-km- -c-s - n-s - n \ΩpsS ta B henb in hcn-i-xs snøpw'' Z i\ ka-bøv Ip n-iƒ B\-μ-\n hr-xn-bnembn-cp- p. as m pw Ah-cpsS {i -bn s -Sp-I-bp- m-bn-cp- n-. Ip n-iƒ v e`n- p-sim- n-cp Z i\w kxy-am-twm-sb- -dn-bphm sshzn-icpw cq]-xm-[n-im-cn-ifpw ]e At\z-j-W-߃ \S-Øn. Z i-\-߃ kxy-am-sw v t_m y-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. ^m. eqbn acnb B {Up-hn\v amxmhv {]Xy- -s v alm pxw ap Iq n ImWn- p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 99

100 At\Iw sshzn-i Ip n-i-fpss B\-μ-\n hr-xnsb \nco- n- p- -Xn-\mbn Kc-_-μmƒ {Kma-Øn-se-Øn. Cutimk` mc\pw bphimkv{x s{]m^-k-dp-amb ^m. eqbn acnb B t{uhv Ah-cn-semcm-fm-bn-cp- p HmKÃv 8 mw XobXn cm{xn B\-μ-\n- hrxn-bn ebn- n-cp Ip n-isf ^m. eqbn ho n- n-cnt amxm-hns\ ImWm\pw kw`-hn- m-\n-cn- p alm- pxw Z in- m-\p-ap Ah-kcw At±l-Øn\v e`n- p. ^m. eqbn api-fn-te- p- p-t\m- n-s m v ""A pxw! Hm! A pxw!'' F v hnfn v ]d-bp- Xv ASp-Øp-\n- -h ti p. B ka-bøv ]cn-ip I\yI Ip n-i-tfmsv ]d- p: ""At±lw Ahn-SpsØbpw \S- m-\n-cn- p A p-xhpw ImWp-I-bm-Wv''. B\-μ-\n hr-xn- n-s-bn Ip n-isf IqSmsX, amxm-hns\ ImWp- Ibpw alm- pxw Z in- p-ibpw snbvx GI hy n ^m. eqbn Bbn-cp- p. BKÃv 8 \v cm{xn-bnse Z i\w 10 awn v Ah-km-\n- p. ^m. eqbn Hcp Po n timkntbm F ÿe-tø- p bm{x- n- S-bn kplr-øp- -tfmsv ]d p ""Fs mcp A p-x-i-c-amb kωm- \-amwv F\n v \evin-b-xv. Cßs\ kz -Øn-semcp amxm-hp- mbncn- pi F{X `mkyw. \mw Aeu-In-I-Xsb `b-s -ts- -Xn-. C mwv Fs Pohn-X-Ønse G hpw kt m-j-i-c-amb Zn\w.'' Ipd v Ign v 9 mw XobXn ]pe s \mep-a-wn-tbmss Po n h- p-xs ^m. eqbn ac-w-a-s- p. XpS v Ip n-iƒ v e`n Hcp Z i-\-øn F pam{xw kt m-j-tøm-ss-bmwv eqbn acn- -sx v ]cn. I\yI hy - am- n. \mep sshzni-cpss amxmhpw hn[-h-bp-am-bn-cp ^m. eqbnbpss AΩ c v amk-øn-\p-tijw Hcp hnkn-t -j at-øn tn p. ^m. eqbn-bpss ktlm-z-c ^m. sdtamwpw Kc-_-μmƒ kw`-h-ß-fpss bmym y-øn\v km yw hln- p-hm CS-bm-bn. Znhy-Im-cp-Wym- pxw Ip n-iƒ v amxm-hns\ ImWm-am-bn-cp-s - nepw a p- -h v AXv km[y-a- m-bn-cp- p. P\-ß-fpsS hnizm-k-øn-\mbn Hc- pxw {]h Øn- -W-sa v Ip n-iƒ XpS -bmbn \n _- n- Xpaqew amemj sim nøm tkm km-e-kn-t\msv Xm t\ctø \evin-bn cp AZr-iy-amb hn. Ip m\ 1961 Pqsse 18 -\v Ah-fpsS \mhn ]cn. I\yIhgn Zriy-ambnØocpsa v shfn-s -Sp-Øn. CXv sim nx ap Iq n ]c-ky-s -Sp-Øn-bn-cp- -Xn-\m [mcmfw P\-߃ Cu A pxz i\w ImWm FØn-bn-cp- p. sh n-øn-f-ßp-s mcp XncpthmkvXn sim n-ø-bpss \mhn {]Xy- -am-ip- Xv [mcmfw t] Z in- p. Iptd-t AXv Iyma-d-bn ]I Øn. 100 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

101 {]h-nn- -s in 1962 XpS -bmbn c p cm{xn-i-fn in -bpss Z i\w Ip n- Iƒ p- m-bn. hn. Ip m-\-bpss Xncp-\mƒ As m w Pq 21- mw XobXn Bbn-cp- p. AXn-s\m-cp- -am-bp s\mth-\- n-s-bnem-wxv kw`-hn- -Xv. BZysØ cm{xn temfn pw Pko- bv pw ]nt v cm{xn sim n-øbv pw temfn pw Pko- mbv pw Ahkm\\mfnse `oi-cm-h-kvx-sb- p-dn v Z i-\ap- m-bn. Ah-cpsS \nehn-fnbpw BwKyßfpw P\-߃ I p-sim- n-cp- p. {Kma-hm-kn-Isf mw A v Ipº-km-cn v hn. Ip m\ kzoi-cn- p. c m-asø ktμiw 1965 Pq 18- \v Xs BZy-k-tμ-i-Øn\v icn-bmb {]Xn-I-cWw e`n- m-xn-cp- - Xn-\m Xm Ak- p-jvs-bm-sw v Z i-\-ß-fpss Ah-km-\-Øn ]cn. I\yI Ip n-i-tfmsv ]d- p. AXp-sIm v hn. anjm-tb-ens a y-ÿ-x-bn Xm c m-axpw HSp-hn-e-tØ-Xp-amb ktμiw 1965 Pq 18 \v \ Ip-sa v Adn-bn- p. B Znhkw kvs]bn-\n \n pw a -t\iw cmpy-ß-fn \n pw Bbn-c-߃ Kc-_-μm-fn Z i-\-øn\v km yw hln- p-hm\pw ]cn. I\y-I-bpsS ktμiw {ihn- p-hm\pw XSn- p-iq-sn. A v cm{xn \v 20 an\n v \o p-\n Z i\w sim n- Ømbv v D m-bn. C m-en-b ssen-hn-j\pw a pw B kw`hw apgph ]I Øn-sb-Sp-Øp-sIm- n-cp- p. ktμiw Fs v Ahƒ ]nt v Fgp-Xn-s m-sp-øp. amxm-hns \ma-øn apjyzqx-\mb anjm-tb \ Inb B ktμiw CXm-bn-cp- p. ""Rm BZyw \ Inb ktμiw P\-߃ A\p-k-cn- m-ø-xp-sim pw temi-saßpw {]N-cn- n- n- n- m-øxp sim pw Cu Ah-km\ ktμiw Rm \n߃ v Xcn-I-bm-Wv. A v B ]m\-]m{xw \nd- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. C m-is AXv Ihn-s m-gp-ip- p. At\Iw I ±n-\mƒamcpw sa{xm- mcpw sshzn-icpw \mi-øn-te- p ]mx-bn-eqss apt m v \oßp- p. \nch[n Bflm- -sfbpw Ah AXn-eqsS \bn- p-sim- n-cn- p-i-bm-wv. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-` n Ipd- p-h-cp- p. sszh-tim]w \nß-fn \n p \oßn-t m-ip-hm \n߃ ]cn-{i-an- -Ww. Bflm -X-bp lrzb-tømss \n߃ {]m n- m Ahn-Sp v am p-\ Ipw. apjy-zq-x- \mb anjm-tb-ens am yÿyw hgn \nß-fpss AΩ-bmb Rm \nß-tfm-s-t]- n- p-i-bmwv \nß-fpss PohnX]cn-h Ø\w km[n- -W-sa v. Ct mƒ Ah-km\ ap -dn-bn- mwv \n߃ v e`n- p- sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 101

102 Xv. Rm \nßsf AXy-[nIw kvt\ln- p- p. \n߃ v in mhn[n hc-w-sa v Rm\m-{K-ln- p- n-. \n߃ Bflm -X-tbmsS Rß-tfmSv {]m n- p-i, \nß-fpss bmn-\-iƒ R߃ ssis m- pw. \n߃ IqSp-X XymKw- sn-øww. Cutim-bpsS ]oum-\p-`-hß-sf- n Hm Ωn- Ww.'' Ah-km\ Z i\w 1965 \hw-_ 13- \m-bncp- p. ]cn. I\y-I-bpsS \n t±-i-{]-imcw Ip n-iƒ sim p-h sim -Iƒ, Imip-cq-]-߃ apx-emb ` -h-kvxp- ƒ Npw_n- p-sim- Sp-Øn v amxmhv ]d p: ""Rm\o ` -km-[-\-ß-fn-e n Npw_-\- Øn-eqsS Fs ]p{x Ch-bn A p-x-߃ {]h Øn- pw.'' Cu ` -h-kvxp- ƒ hgn At\Iw tcmk-im- n-ifpw am\-km- -c-ßfpw temi-sa-ºmspw kw`-hn- -Xmbn dnt m v snø-s - n- p- v. Pohn-X-Øns F m taj-e-ifn-ep-ap P\߃ Kc-_-μmƒ kw`-h-߃ v ZrIvkm- n-i-fm-wv. B\-μ-\n hr-xn-bn B \mep Ip- n-isf ImWm `mkyw kn n- -h-cn sshzn-icpw sszh-im-kv{x- PvRcpw kvs]bn-\nse cmp-ip-spw-_mw-k-ßfpw tumivs amcpw A`n- `m-j-icpw Dƒs - ncp- p. 16- mw hb- n Hcp A]-I-S-Øn ImgvN-i- nbpw {LmW-tijnbpw \jvs-s - n-cp \yqtbm nse tpmbv semamw-kot\m 1963 C -en-bn-se-øn. hnip- -\m-bn-øo ] - -X-[mcn ]mt{z]n-tbmsb kμ in v Ipº-km-cn- p-ibpw A\p-X-]n- p-ibpw snbvx-xns\ XpS v At±-l-Øns am y-ÿy-øm {LmW-i n Xncn- p-in- n. AhnsS Bbn-cnt At±lw Kc-_-μm-fn amxmhv {]Xy- -s - pthm F pw AhnsS Xm t]mitwm F pw ]mt{z-]n-tbm-tbmsv tnmzn- p. ""Xo -bmbpw!'' F v ]mt{z adp-]sn ]d-bp-ibpw Aßs\ tpmbn Atßm- v t]m-ip-ibpw snbvxp. At±lw Ahn-sS-sbØn Xma-knbmsX sim nøm tkm km-e-kp-ambn kulr-z-øn-em-hp-ibpw ktμ-i- Øns ASn-b- n-c-kz-`m-h-sø- p-dn v t_m[y-s -Sp-Ibpw ktμisø F m-bn-søpw Adn-bn- m Xocp-am-\n- p-ibpw snbvxp. Kc- _-μmƒ ZuXy-Øns G hpw henb t{]jn-x-\mbn temi-saßpw {]h Ø\w \SØn-s m- n-cn- p A -\mb hy n-bm-w-t±-lw. Z i\w e`n \mep Ip nifpw ]n osv hnhm-ln-x-cmbn amxr-im-pohnxw \bn- p- p. amxm-hns Kc-_-μmƒ Z i-\-sø- p-dn v IqSp-X Adn-bp-hm Hcp {KŸw: dh.-^m. tpmk^v F. s]t - n-b Fgp-Xnb ""]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw Kc-_-μm-fn '' (sim- n-øm-bpss Ub-dn- p-dn- p-iƒ kln-xw). ae-bmf hnh Ø\w Xøm-dm- n-b-xv: kn. tacn B kv kn.-fw.-kn. au v Im Ω P\-dte- v, Beph) 102 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

103 24. tdmk anãn amxmhv (Xncp-\mƒ : Pqsse 13) apx 1976 hsc ]cn-ip AΩ Cdd-en-bnse tamt Iymcn F ÿeøv ]nbdn\m Kn n F \gvkn\v tdmk- an-ãn F t]cn Z i\w \ -Ip-I-bp- m-bn. Xs h -eamxmhv -]p{x-\mb tbip-hn\v Xs a sf t\sphm-\p Xo{h-amb B{Klw sim mwv AΩ tdmk -ankvddn F t]cv kzoi-cn- -Xv. "anãn ' F hm ns A w A\p`hØneqsS sszhsø AdnbpI F XmWv. ]cn-ip AΩ-bpsS cq]-øn Im-Wp aq v tdmkm-]p-jv]- ߃ aq v henb Znhy-c-l-ky-߃ \sω A\p-kva-cn- n- p- p. sh \nd-øn-ep tdmkm-]pjv]w AΩ kz ob ]nxm-hns G hpw Id-bn- mø ]p{xn-bmsw pw Nph tdmkm-]pjv]w sszh]p{xs AΩbmsW pw kz Æ \ndønep tdmkm]pjv]w AΩ ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns {]nb awhm- nbpw kz -Øn-s bpw `qan-bp-ssbpw cm n-bpw k`-bpss amxm-hpam-sw pw \sω A\p-kvacn n p- p. Cu aq v ]pjv]-߃ {]m -\, ]cn-lm-cw, {]mb- n-øw, IqZm-i- IfpsS tbmky-amb kzoi-cww F n-h-sb-bmwv ]cm-a in- p- -Xv. ]m]n-i-fpss \n-xy-\m-i-øn IÆp-\o Nn p AΩ, sx mb ]mx-bn-eqss k -cn- p a\p-jy-h - -Øn-\p-th- nbpw sa{xm- m pw sshzni pw A W Pohn-X- m - p-wth- nbpw, F pw {]txyiw {]m n- -Wsa v B-h-iy-s - p. tdmkm -an-ãn amxmhv Xs F m Z i-\-ß-fnepw P]- -ame snm n {]m n- p-hm\pw Aßs\ Xn -bp-ssbpw A -Im-c-Øn-s bpw i n v FXn-cmbn t]mcm-sphm\pw \sω Blzm\w snøp- p. ` n-tbm-sp-iqsn {]m n- p P]-ame tbip-hns Xs {]m -\-bmbn amdp- p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 103

104 - temi-øns ]e ] -W-ß-fnepw, tdmk anãn- m-bpss cq]w {]Z- n-w-ambn sim pt]mhp-i-bpw ]e ÿe-øp-h pw Cu cq]- Øn \n p IÆp-\o-cpw c - -Æp-\ocpw Hgp-Ip-Ibpw snbvxxmbn km y-s -Sp-Øp- p. ticføn ]me msv Pn bnse A msnbnepw tim bw Pn bnse a fcphnbnepw tdmk- an-ãn- -bpss Nn{XØn \n pw CS-hn v IÆp-\o s]mgn- p-sim- n-cp- Xmbn km y-s -Sp-Øp- p. tdmk anãn amxmhns cq]øn \n v tim bw Pn bnse a fcphnbn 2007 apx 2009 hsc kpk Hmbnepw FdWmIpfØn\SpØv Xr qwnøpdbn 2009 HIvtSm_ apx tx\pw HgpIp Xv ImWphm {KŸImc Dƒs ss At\Iw t] v `mkyw e`n n p v. Km\w ]cnaf\mty amxmth hmgvøp- p \n Xncp\maw tdmkm- an-ãn amxm-th ]msp- p \n kvxpxnkoxw (]cnaf\mty...) \μnsbgpw \ kvxpxn ]msmw apzsamsp P]amebptaImw angn\o ]q ƒ tn ØpsImcpsØmcp ]qamebpa n osmw (2) (]cnaf\mty...) \obmwtω am y-ÿw \obmwtω F icww F lrzbøn ]cnaftaipw ]\n\o ]qhpw \obtω (2) (]cnaf\mty...) XmX pw X kq\phn\pw dqlmbv pw {]nb XmcIta {XotemIØn `mkysagps mcp kz ÆIncoSw \obtω (2) (]cnaf\mty..) 104 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

105 25. amxr-z i\w hnhn[- ÿ-e-ß-fn h jw ÿew 1061 Cw - nse hmkn-ßvkm-an sh v teun dn -euokv Un s^h kv F hn[-hbv v amxmhv aq p -{]m-hiyw {]Xy- -s p {^m knse t{]mhps F ÿeøv sszh-am-xr tzhm-e-bøn {]m \m\nc-x-\m-bn-cp hn. suman- \n- n\v {]Xy- -s v P]-ame kωm-\n- p-sim v ]m]n- I-fpsS am\-km- -c-øn-\mbn sim -snm n {]m n- phm Bh-iy-s - p Cw - nse au vim Ω-en Pqsse 16 \v A -cm{xn tzhm-e-b-øn {]m n- p-sim ncp hn. sska tãm n\v {]Xy- -s p DØ-cobw \ In (17- mw A ymbw hmbn- p-i) 1531 saivkn-t m-bnse tkmz-eqs F ÿeøv Pqhm UotKmbv v {]Xy- -s -Sp-Ibpw Xm I\y-Im-am-Xm-hmsW pw sszh-am-xm-hm-sw pw shfn-s Sp-Øp-Ibpw B ÿeøv Hcp tzhm-ebw D m- -W-sa vsa{xm-t\msv ]db-w-sa v Bh-iy-s -SpIbpw snbvxp ]mcn-knse dqzp-_m v F ÿeøv hn sk jy k\ym-kn\n kaq-l-ønse AwK-am-bn-cp kn. ImX-dn set_m-dbv v A p-x-im-ip-cq] amxm-hns Z i\w aq v {]m-h-iy-ap- mbn {^m knse emk-se v F ÿeøv amivkn-an, saem\n F o CS-b-Ip- n-iƒ v {]Xy- -s - p. sncn- nt tdmkm- q- -fpw Igp-Øn Ipcn-ip-am-ebpw [cn v {]Xy- -s AΩ Ip n-i-tfmsv {]m n- p-hm Bhiy-s p. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 105

106 1858 {^m knse eq ±n _ W-Zo-Ø-sb s] Ip- n v {]Xy- -s p. (18- mw A ym-b-øn IqSpX hnh-c߃ \ In-bn-cn- p- p) 1879 Ab e- nse t\m v F ÿeøv ]Xn-\- p-t] v amxmhv {]Xy- -s - p. [mcmfw tcmk-im- n-iƒdnt m v snø-s - n- p- v t]m p-k-ense ^møn-a-bn eqkn, Pko-, {^m knkv F o CS-b- p- n-iƒ v {]Xy- -bmbn. (19- mw A ymb-øn hnh-cn- n-cn- p- p) 1932 s_ Pn-b-Ønse s_b-tdmßv F ÿeøv amxmhv A p-ip- n-iƒ v ]e-{]m-hiyw {]Xy- -s - p. Aa-tem- -hbpw -I-\y-Ibpw sszh-am-xm-hp-amb kz -cm- nbpamwv Xm F p shfn-s -Sp-Ønb amxmhv ]m]n-ifpss ] m-øm]-øn\pw am\-km- -c-øn-\pw- th n {]m n- p-hm Bh-iy-s - p s_ Pn-b-Ønse _ yqhn amcn-b v s_t m n\v F p-{]m-hiyw {]Xy- -s - p Bwà Um-an 1945 apx Adp-]-Xv {]m-hiyw CUmt] su-am F ` -kv{xo v k Δ-P-\-]-Z-ß-fpsSbpw \my {]Xy- -s - p. amxmhv Ipcn-in\v apºn \n p- -Xmbn ImW-s -Sp- -Xv Ipcn-ip-ambn A{X ZrV- _- hpw thz-\m-]q Æ-amb sfiyhpw amxm-hn-\p- mbn-cp p F -Xns kqn-\-bm-wv. Ipcn-in\v apºn \n p amxmhv kl-c- -Ibpw a y-ÿbpw A`n- `m-j-i-bp-am-wv. "]nxm-hns Ir]bpw ]p{xs c bpw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns im nbpw amxm-hn-eqss \ I-s - Sp p' F -Xns kqn-\-bmwv ssii-fn \n pxncp- aq v Inc-W-߃. `qtkm-f-ønt \n p amxmhv F m-p-\-x-i-fp-ssbpw \my-bm-wv. BSp-Iƒ P\- X-Isf kqnn- n- p- p. 106 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 96

107 1947 amxmhv (tdmk anãn ) C enbn tamt Iymcn F ÿeøp ]nbdn\m Kn n F t\gvkn\v Z i\w \ In (24 mw A ymbøn hnhcn ncp p) 1961 sk]vbn\nse Kc-_-μmƒ F ae-tbm-c-{km-a-ønse \mev s] Ip- n-i-fmb sim nø tkm km-e-kv, spko m tkm km-e-kv, tacn-temen akq, tacn {Iqkv tkm km-ekv F n-h v {]Xy- -s v temiøn\v ASn-b- nc ktμ-i-߃ \ In. (23- mw A ymb-øn hnh-cn- ncn p- p) 1968 CuPn-]vXnse kzbv -\nse tzhm-e-b-øn amxmhv {]Xy -s - p. aq v h j- mew AhnsS {]Xy- -s - Sp-Ibpw At\Iw P\-߃ v tcmk-im n \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp P m\nse Hcp sim p -{Km-a-amb "A nx'-bn kn. B kv kk-kh P]-ame snm n {]m n- p-sim- ncp- -t mƒ amxmhv {]Xy- -s - p. Hmtcm cl-ky-øn- \p-ti-jhpw "Hm Fs Cutim-sb...' F {]m \ (1917- ^møn-am-bn h v Ip n-iƒ v simsp-ø-xv) - snm- p-hm Bh-iy-s - p. XSn-bn simøn-bp- m- nbn-cp amxm-hns cq]-øn \n p IÆp-\o hm ØpsIm v Ahƒ v ktμ-i-߃ \ In. "Zp:Jß-fpsS cm n'- F- mwv A n-x-bnse amxm-hns\ hntijn- n- p- -Xv bptkm-t m-hy-bnse sauvpp-tkmdn F ÿeøv Bdpbp-hm- ƒ v ]cn-ip AΩ {]Xy- -s - p. am\-h-cminsb Cutim-bn-te v \bn- p- -Xn\pw Bflm- sf \mi-øn-te v \bn- p kmøms ]cm-{i-a-øn-s\- Xntc {]m -\-bn-eqss ap n-t\-sp-hm a\p-jy-cm-insb i -am- p- -Xn-\pw- DX-Ip- -Xmb ktμ-i-ß-fmwv AhnsS amxmhv B bphm- ƒ hgn temisø Adn-bn- p-sim- n-cn- p- Xv. For more details visit sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 107

108 ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns Z i\w e`n- -h s]mxpth hn m\w Ipd-hm-bn-cp km[m-c-w- m-cm-bn-cp- p. Z i-\-߃ \evin-bn-cp- Xv GIm- hpw {]im- -hp-amb ÿe-ß-fn-epw ss{ikvxh hnizm-k-øn\v Imcy-amb Xw kw`-hn- n-cp {]tzi-ß-fn-eq-am-bn-cp- p. Z i-\-øn-\p-th n ImØn-cp- -h amxmhv Z i\w \ In-b-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Z i\w e`n- -h-cpss Cu tem-i-po-hnxw kt m-j-{]-z-am-bn-cn- n-s pw amxmhv Ahsc Hm Ωn- n- n-cp- p. F m Z i-\-ß-fp-ssbpw ASn-ÿm\ ktμ-iw, IqSp-X {]m n- p-hm-\pw, ]m]-ß-sf-{]xn ] m-ø-]n v {]mb- nøw snøp-hm-\p-am-bn-cp- p. api-fn simsp-øn-cn- p h IqSmsX amxm-hns At\Iw Z i- \-߃ dnt m v snø-s - n- p- v. Z i-\-ß-sf mw k`-bpss hnizmk-k-xy-ß-fn s -Sp- -h-b-. hnizm-k-tbm-ky-a- mø Z i\ dnt m p-iƒ k` AwKo-I-cn- m-dn-. api-fn simsp-øn-cn- p 17 Z i-\-߃ F mw Xs k` AwKo-I-cn- n n. k` AwKo-I-cn- n F -Xn-\m acn-b-z i\w D m-bn F v A -an-. hniz-k-\obamb sxfn-hp-iƒ k`-bpss At\z-j-W-Øn Is -Øp-I-bm-sW- n am{xta AXv k` AwKo-I-cn- p-ibp p. hy n]camb tbip amxrz i\߃ CutimbpsS Z i-\-ßfpw shfn-s -Sp-Ø-ep-Ifpw At\Iw t] v e`n- n- p- v. Xs amxm-hn-s\- p-dn v Cutim Xs [mcmfw t] v shfn-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. Nne-t mƒ amxmhpw Ah v ktμi-߃ \ Im-dp- v. Ah-cn {][m-\-s Nnesc pdn v Hcp kqn- \-am{xw \ Ip- p. Ah-cpsS ]pkvx-i-߃ hmbn- p- Xv Bflob DW hv e`n- p-hm hfsc klm-b-i-c-am-wv. 1. B Im-X-dn Fa-dn v B Im-X-dn Fa-dn v hnip AK-Ãns k\ymkn\n kaql-ønse Hcw-K-am-bn-cp- p sk]v-xw-_ 8 \v P Ω-\n-bnse timkvs^ Uv F ÿe-øn-\-sp-øp ^vfmwkvsi F {Kma- Øn P\n ImX-dn\v _mey-øn Øs Z i-\-ß-fn-eqss sszho- I-amb Adn-hp-Ifpw Dƒ m-gvn-ifpw e`n- n-cp- p. kz -cm-pvrn-bmb amxm-hns\ ]e-t mgpw Z in- p-hm Ah v Ign- n-cp- p. tbiphns ]oum-\p-`-h -cw-k-߃ hfsc hni-z-amb Z i-\-ß-fn-eqss tbip Ahƒ v shfn-s -Sp-Øn-s m-sp-øp. tbip-hns ]ou-i-fpss A\p-`hw e`n- p-hm ] - -X-߃ G p-hm-ßnb Ahƒ Cu 108 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

109 temi-tømsv hns-]-d- Xv 1824 s^{_p-hcn 9 mw Xob-Xn-bm-Wv. "]mj Hm^v ss{iãv' F kn\na Xøm-dm- n-bxv B ImXdn Fa-dn- ns ""tbip-hns ]oum-\p-`-h-cw-k-߃'' F ]pkvx- IsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am- n-bm-wv. tbip-hns ]oum-\p-`-h- A\p-kvac-W-Øn\v klm-bn- p Hcp hnes ]pkvx-i-am-wn-xv. 2. acnb hmƒtxm Ø \nkq-vm-fli tejni (Mystical writer) F -dn-b-s -Sp acn-b- hmƒtxm Ø P\n- Xv 1897 am v 14- mw XobXn C -en-bnse Imtk- Øm F ÿe-øm-bn-cp- p. \me-c-h-b p {]mb-ap- t mƒøs Cutim-sb-t mse kln v Cutimsb kvt\ln v Biz-kn- n- p-hm Ahƒ B{K-ln- p. \o 28 h jw tcmkn-bmbn-cp Ahƒ InS- -bn Ccp- p-sim v as- nb ap p-i-fn Hcp Im Uvt_m Uv h v km[m-cw t\m v_p- p-i-fn Fgp-Xn. Xs \nc- -c-amb tpmenbpw kl-\hpw sszh-øn\v ka n- p-sim v CS-ap-dn-bmsX {]m n- p-sim- n-cp Ahsf Cutim Xs hnizkvx-h- mhpw Xqen-I-bp-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- p. Ahƒ v e`n Z i-\- ß-fneqsSbpw Ahƒ ti n-cp Xncp-h-N-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Cutim Ahƒ v kzbw shfn-s -Sp-Øn apx 1953 hsc-bp Ime-L- -Øn ]Xn-\-øm-bn-c-tØmfw t]pp-i-fn Fgp-Xnb Ah-fpsS Ipdn- p-iƒ C m-en-b `mj-bn ]pkvx-i-ß-fmbn {]kn- o-icn- -s - p. 65- mw hb- n 1961 HIvtSm-_ 12- mw XobXn Ahƒ ac- W-a-S- p. The Poem of Man God F t]cn-ep Cw ojv ]Xn- n \n p ae-bm-f-øn "sszh-a-\p-jys kvt\l-kox' F t]cn BZy-]p-kvXIw epw 16- mw ]pkvxiw 2001 epw {]kn- o-i-cn- p. H m-a-tøbpw Ah-km-\-tØbpw ]pkvx-i-ß-fn amxmhns\ p-dn v IqSp-X hnh-c-߃ \ In-bn- p- v. hmb\bv v IqSp- X kabw Is Øp-hm Ign-bp- -h v Cu ]pkvx-i-߃ hfsc A\p-{K-l-{]-Z-am-Wv. 3. hmkpe dou 1942 P\p-hcn 18- mw XobXn CuPn-]vXn- P\n- p-ibpw Ct mƒ kzn vk e n Xma-kn- p-ibpw snøp Hcp km[m-c-w- m-cnbpw hnhm-ln-xbpw c p-ip- n-i-fpss AΩ-bp-amb "hmkpem dou ' F kv{xosb tbip Xs ktμ-i-hm-l-i-bmbn Xnc-s -Sp-Øp apx 1996 hsc tbipxs t\cn v ]d v Fgp-Xn shfn-s -Sp- Ø-ep-Ifpw ktμ-i-ßfpw Dƒs -SpØn ""sszh-øn-ep bym sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 109

110 PohnXw'' F - t]-cn Xøm-dm- n-bncn- p ]pkvxi ]c-ºc Gsd BI j-wo-bhpw B ym-xvani Pohn-X-Øn hf-cp- -Xn\v ^e-{]- Z-hp-am-Wv. ]e-t\m- p-_p- p-i-fn-embn Fgp-Xn-bn-cp- h ]pkvx-i-cq-]- Øn-em- n-b-t mƒ t\m v_p- p-i-fpss \ºdpw t]pv \ºdpw simsp- Øn- p- v. hmkpem {Ko v Hm Ø-tUmIvkv k`mw-khpw ` Ømhv eqxd k`mw-k-hp-am-sw- nepw hmkp-embv v shfn-s -SpØn In p- sx mw ItØm-en m hnizm-k-k-xy-ß-fp-ambn _ -ap- -h-bm-wv. sszhw \ΩpsS GI-]n-Xm-hm-sW pw I\y-Im-a-dnbw \ΩpsS GIam-Xm-hm-sW pw F m-hcpw am\-km- -c-s -S-W-sa pw hmkp-em-bneqss C pw sszhw temisø Blzm\w snbvxp-sim- n-cn- p- p. ""sszh-øn-ep bym -Po-hnXw'' F ]pkvx-i-]-c-º-cbn \n pw GXm\pw ktμ-i-߃ Xmsg simsp- p- p. t\m v_p v 16, t]pv 12 ( e`n- -Xv): Cutim kwkm-cn- -Xn-\p-tijw ]cn-ip amxmhv hmkp-em-bpss ASp-Øp-\n p- -Xmbn A\p-`-h-s -Sp-Ibpw {ihn- p-ibpw snbvx-xv. ""hmkpem CXv Rm\m-Wv, \ns AΩ, Kc-_-μm-fnse Fs a ƒ v Rm {]Xy- -s - n- p- v. Fs ImWm\pw tiƒ m\pw Rm Ahsc A\p-{K-ln- p. Rm Ah v {]Xy- -s - -t mƒ Ah AXv Adn- p. \o Ahsc A\p-{K-ln- -Wsa v Rm B{K-ln- p p-.'' t\m v_p v 16, t]pv 39 ( ): Cutim hmkp-em-tbmsv kwkm-cn- Xv: ""CXv Rm\m-Wv, tbip. Fs tbm Fs amxm-hn-s tbm {]Xn-a-I-fn GXpw BZ-cn- -s ts- -Xm-sW v F m-hcpw Adn-b-s. Fs Ipcniv Fs {]Xn-\m- [m\w snøp- -Xp-t]mse Cu {]Xn-aIfn Hmtcm pw Rßsf {]Xn-\n-[m\w snøp- p. Fs arx-i-cocw s]mxn- n-cp Xncp-hkv{Xhpw bym -Øn-ep XmsW v F m-hcpw Adn-b-s."" t\m v_p v 16, t]pv ( ): ""hmkp-em, AØcw \nμ-\-߃ tiƒ p-tºmƒ kvt\lw F{Xam{Xw kln-t - n-h-cp-s v \ns Rm a\- n-em- n-ø-cmw. hmkp-em,- I Øm-hmb Rm Fs amxm-hns\ F{X-am{Xw _lpam-\n- p- p-s v F m-hcpw Adn-b-s. AΩsb \nμn- p- -h CXv a\- n-em- -s. Ahƒ kz -Ønse cm n-bm-sw pw I Ømhmb Rm Ah-fpsS inc- n ]{ v \ -{X-ß-fp Hcp IncoSw AWn-bn- n ps pw Ah Adn-b-s. Ahƒ kz -Øn 110 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

111 hmgp- p. CXv Fs hn-\-ß-fn tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p- -Xm-Wv. Rm Fs AΩsb kvt\ln- p- p. Rm _lp-am-\n- p- -Xp-t]mse \nßfpw Fs AΩsb _lp-am-\n- -Ww. Rm \ns kvt\ln- p- p, Rm\pw Fs AΩbpw tn v \ns A\p-{K-ln- p p-.'' ""F m Rm Hcn- qsn Bh Øn v ]d-b-s. ai-tf, Fs AΩ \nß-fp-ssbpw AΩ-bm-Wv. \n߃ Ah-fpsS a -fp-am-wv. CXv Fs hn-\-øn tcjs -Sp-Øn-bn- p- v. Adn- n- n- m-ø-h v th n Rm ho pw ]d-bp- p, thz-]p-kvx-i-øn AXp- ]-d-bp- p- v.'' AXv Fhn-sS-bmWv I Ømth F hmkp-em-bpss tnmzy- Øn\v adp-]-sn-bmbn ""shfn-]m-sns {KŸ-Øn, kmøm Fs AΩsb Iogvs -Sp-Øp- -Xn ]cm-p-b-s - -t mƒ tcmjw ]q v AΩbpsS tijn a -fp-ambn bp -Øn-te s - n-cn- p-i-bm-w.v Ah-cm- Is Fs Iev]-\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn- p- -hcpw F\n v km yw hln- p- -h-cp-am-wv.'' 4. hn. B ksew C enbnse AhmkvtXm F ÿeøp P\n hnip B ksew ( ) ItØmen m k`bnse sa{xm\pw thz]m cwkx\pw XnI amxr` \pambncp p. hn. B ksew ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns Xo vw {]tnm-z-\-øm cnn "]cn-ip adn-ba-i-\otim' F {KŸ-Øn tbip-{inkvxp ]Tn- n- p ]cn. adnb ` nbpw ]cn. adnbw ]Tn- n- p tbip ` nbpw hfsc hni-z-ambn \ In-bn-cn- p- p. Cu {KŸ-Øns ae-bmf hnh Ø\w s{kbvkv Poh kv]ncn-nz B Uv Nmcn- -_nƒ {SÃv {]kn- o-i-cn- n- p- v. Cutim hn. B k-se-an-t\msv ]d- p. ""Rm Xncp-k-`bn Pohn- p- p. AXm-bX,v Fs Acq-]n-bm \bn- -s -Sp Fs auxn-i-i-co-c-amb Xncp-k-`-bn k` snøp- -sxm-s bpw Rm\mWv bym -Øn \n Δ-ln- p- -Xv. Fs AΩ-bv p-th n k` snøp- -sxm-s bpw Ahƒ v th n bym -Øn snøp- Xv Rm Xs -bm-wv. adn-b-øns t\ v Xncp-k` {]Z in- n- p hw- hpw kvt\lhpw F p-am-{x-sa v Hm pi'' Xs AΩ-bpsS al-xz-sø- - nbpw Xs AΩ F m-h-cp-ssbpw AΩ-bmb-Xn-\m AΩsb F m-hcpw hw-tß- -Xns Bh-iy-I-X-sb- - nbpw [mcmfw Imcy-߃ Cutim hn. B ks-e-an\v shfn-s -Sp- Øn-s m-sp-øp. hn. B k-se-ans amxr-` n Ipd- p-iqsn h n- n- -W-sa v ]d Znhy-\m-Y \Ω-tfmSpw ]d-bp- p. Ahn-SpsØ AΩ \Ωp-sSbpw AΩ-bmWv AXn-\m \mw B AΩsb icn-bmb coxn-bn Øs h-w-ß-w-sa- v. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 111

112 Hcp hna i\ tnmzyw: c -bv m-h-iy-amb Imcy-ß-sf mw ss n-fnepw k`m{]t_m[-\-ß-fn-ep-ap- -t m. ]ns -sb- n-\mwv CØcw shfn-]m-sp-i-fn ItØm-en- m-k` hniz-kn- p- Xv? DØcw: c -bv m-h-iy-amb Imcy-ß-sf mw t\c-tø-xs shfn-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p-s - nepw c -bpss hgn-i-fn \n p hgp-xn-amdn Xn -bn-te v ho-wp-sim- n-cn- p a\p-jy-a- sf hos -Sp- phm sszhw Imem-Im-e-ß-fn hy n-i-fn-eq-ssbpw B\p-Im-enI kw`-h-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw shfn-s -Sp-Ø-s ktμ-i-߃ temisø A\p-kva-cn- n- m-dp- v. eq ±nepw ^møn-a-bnepw a p- hn-hn[ ÿeß-fnepw shfn-s -Sp-Ønb Imcy-߃ ss n-fnepw k`m-]m-c-º-cyß-fnepw D hxs. F nepw k` Ah HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo- I-cn- p-ibpw {]N-cn- n- p-ibpw snøp- Xv hgn At\-I v hnizmk-øn hf bpw t_m[y-ß-fn Bg-s -Sepw D m-ip-hm Imc- W-am-Ip- p. tkmzeps amxmhv kàæ P\]Z fpssbpw \my sauvpptkmdn amxmhv 112 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

113 V Xncp\mfpIfpw ` nirxyßfpw 26. adn-b-øns hnae lrzbw 27. adn-b-øns cm n-]zw 28. hymip-e-am-xmhv 29. \nxy-k-lmb amxmhv 30. P]amebpw a p {]m \Ifpw 31. ` kwls\ifpw ` nirxyßfpw ]nxm-hmb sszh-øns h e ]p{xnbpw ]p{x-\mb sszh- Øns amxmhpw ]cn-ip- m- m-hmb sszh-øns aw-hm- nbpw {XntemI cm n-bp-amb ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dnbw k tδm Ir-jvSamb hw- -Øn\pw kvt\lm-z-c-߃ pw A l-bm-wv. AXpsIm pxs \q m pi-fmbn amxm-hns Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ km Δ- {XnI k`-bn BtLm-jn- p-h-cp- p. A mw \q m- n-\p-apºv k`bpss Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-ß-fn amxm-hns Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ ImWp- n-s - nepw ]n osv h hnhn[ \q m- p-i-fn hnhn[ Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ Bcw-`n- p-i-bp- m-bn. amxm-hns Xncp-\m-fp-I-fn ]expw hfsc BtLm-j-]q Δw BNcn- p- -h-cmwv ticf ss{ikvx-h. Hmtcm Xncp-\m-fn-s bpw A hpw {]k- nbpw hym]vxnbpw a\- n-em- nbn-cn- pi-sb- Xvv bym acnb ` n-bpss Ah-iy-L-S-I-am-Wv. amxm-hns Xncp-\m-fp-I-fpsS B -cm w c mw høn- m kq\-l-tzm-kns {]t_m-[-\-øn C{]-Imcw simspøn-cn- p- p. ""Btcm-Ky-{]-Zhpw {]am-z-c-ln-x-hp-amb {]t_m[-\-øns ]cn-[n- p- n ÿe-ime kml-n-cy-ßfpw hnizm-kn-i-fpss hnim-c-t`-z-ßfpw IW- n-se-sp-øpsim v sszh-am-xm-hns _lp-am-\m w \nc-h[n ` nap-d-iƒ Xncp-k` AwKo-I-cn- n- p- v. Ah-bp-sS-sb mw e yw amxmhv hw-ß-s -Sp- -txm-sp-iqsn ]p{x icn-bmbn Adn-b-s -Sp-Ibpw kvt\ln- -s -Sp-Ibpw al-xzo-i-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ Iev]- \-Iƒ A\p-k-cn- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøpi F -Xm-Wv."" (Xn-cp-k` 66) F.-Un. 787 se c mw \njym-kq-\-l-tzmkv Xncp-kz-cq-]-ß-fpsS km[px {]Jym-]n- p- p. ""Cu Xncp-kz-cq-]-ß-sf- p-dn v [ym\n- p- sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 113

114 tºm-sgms Ahsb t\m p- -h-sc mw B kzcq-]-ß-fpss ]n nse bym hy n-isf Hm p-ibpw; Ahsb Npw_n- p-tºmƒ Ahtcm-Sp _lp-am-\hpw BZ-chpw {]I-S-am- p-ibpw snøp- p (D.S. 601). ` nbpw hnizm-khpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-sa mw CS-I-e Øn BUw- _-c-]q Δw sim msp Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ axm-\p-jvtm-\-ß-fpss Hgnhm- m-\m-hmø Hcp LSIw Xs -bm-wv. F m Xncp-\m-fns ssnx\yw \ne-\n Øm-sX-bp [q Øv, a -c-߃, Zp am-xr-i- Iƒ XpSßn a p-f-f-h v CS -bp- m-ip Imcy-߃ Hgn-hm n Xncp-\m-fp-Iƒ ` n-\n `-c-ambn BN-cn- pi-sb- Xv Hmtcm hnizmkn-bp-ssbpw I Ø-hy-am-Wv. amxm-hns Xncp-\m-fp-I-fn {][m-\-s - h Xmsg simsp- p- p. XnbXn Xncp-\m-ƒ P\p-hcn 1 sszh-am-xrxzøncp-\mƒ s^{_p-hcn 2 ip o-i-cwøncp-\mƒ s^{_p-hcn 11 eq ±v amxm-hns Xncp-\mƒ am v 25 awk-f-hm ØØncp-\mƒ sabv 13 ^møna amxm-hns Xncp-\mƒ sabv 31 kμ i\øncp-\mƒ Pq 27 \nxy-k-lmb amxm-hns Xncp-\mƒ Pqsse 13 tdmk anãn amxmhns Xncp\mƒ Pqsse 16 I Ω-e-am-Xm-hns Xncp-\mƒ BKÃv 15 kz m-tcm-]wøncp-\mƒ BKÃv 22 temi-cmpvrn]zøncp-\mƒ sk]vxw. 8 amxm-hn P\-\Øn-cp-\mƒ sk]vxw. 15 hymip-e-am-xm-hns Xncp-\mƒ sk]vxw. 24 Imcp-Wy-am-Xm-hns Xncp-\mƒ HIvtSm. 7 P]-ame cm n-bpss Xncp-\mƒ \hw. 21 amxm-hns ka -W-Øn-cp-\mƒ Unkw 8 Aa-tem- -h-øn-cp-\mƒ amxm-hns amxrxzøncp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- p- Xv {InkvXp-akv Ign- p-h-cp Rm-b-dm-gvNbpw hna-e-lr-z-b-øn-cp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- p- Xv Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn-cp-\m-fns ]nt Znh-k-hpam-Wv. api-fn simsp-øn-cn- p Xncp-\m-fp-I-fpsS IqSp-X hnh-c߃ hnhn[ A ym-b-ß-fn \ In-bn- p- v. 114 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

115 26. adn-b-øns hna-e-lr-zbw Xncp-\mƒ: Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-bØn-cp-\m-fns ]nt - v Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-bhpw amxm-hns Xncp-lr-Z-bhpw H ]- Xp-amkw Htc ico-c-øn Xs Bbn-cp- -t m. Htc c w-xs Bbn-cp- t m c nepw {]h-ln- n-cp- -Xv. k`-bpss Bcw-`-Im-eØv hna-e-lr-z-b-` n XnI pw hy n-]-c-am-bmwv A`y-kn- n-cp- -Xv. 15 mw \qd-dm- n Pohn- n-cp kosb- m-bnse hn. _ Wm-UmWv adn-b- Øns hna-e-lr-z-b-` n BZy-ambn ]c-ky-ambn {]kw-kn hy n. hn. tpm bquvkv a-dn-b-øns hna-e-lr-z-b-øns Xncp- \mƒ Xm ÿm]n Cutim-bp-sSbpw adn-b-øn-s bpw k`-bn BZyambn BtLm-jn- p. Xncp-lr-Z-b-` n {]N-cn- n- n-cp hn. tpm Fhp-Z-kns\ sszhw hna-e-lr-zb ` n-bpss t{]jn-x-\mbn sxc-s -Sp-Øp. CutimbpsS Xncp-lr-Zb ` n-bpss D ze t{]jn-x-bmb am K-c v tacn Ae-t m- n\v hna-e-lr-zbw Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-b-tØmsSm w {]Xy- s p. Ccp ` n-ifpw Hcp-an- -`y-kn- p-ibpw {]Ncn- n- p-ibpw snøwsa v c p -hn-ip- pw t_m y-s - p. Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Zb t{] n-x-\mb simfw_n-bbpw Ae-t m- ns A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv tbmpn- p. Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Zb ` n-bpss ]q Æ-Xbv v adn-b-øns hna-e-lrzb` n A\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-sW pw adnbw hgn Cutimbn-se-Ø-W-sa- p B ym-flni PohnX t^m ape A -h-ømsw pw AwKo-I-cn- -s - p, A m-eøv Bcw-`n hnhn[ k\ymkk`-iƒhgn Cu ` n hym]n- p-ibpw i n-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 115

116 Pqsse \v ÿm]n-x-amb ""hna-e-lr-z-b-øns t{]jnx kpx- -m '' F k`bpw Ah-cpsS ÿm]-i-\mb B Wn mc pw Cu ` n-bpss alm-t{]-jn-x- -cm-bn-cp- p \hw-_ 26- \v qwnse hn. butk- ns k\ym-kn-\n-iƒ Ah-cpsS k`sb adn-b-øns hna-e-lr-z-b-øn\p {]Xn-jvTn- p. adn-b-øns \n Ω-e-lr-Z-bw, ]cnip lrz-bw, Xncp-lr-Zbw F o kw -Iƒ v ]Icw adn-b- Øns hna-e-lr-zbw F t]cv km Δ-{Xn-I-am- n-b-xv Aatem- h kxyw {]Jym-]\w snbvx Ah-k-c-Øn-em-Wv. ^møn-a-mbn sszh-am-xmhv eqkn v {]Xy- -s - -t mƒ Xs hna-e-lr-z-b-tøm-sp ` n-bpss Bh-iy-I-Xbpw shfn-s -Sp-Øn. amkm-zy-i-\n-bmgvn ` n {]N-cn- n- p-sim v ]Ømw ]obqkv ]m hna-e-lr-z-b-` n t{]m m-ln- n- p. ]{ mw ]obqkv am m ^mønam Z i-\-øns cpx Pq_nen BtLm-jn 1942 sabv 13 mw XobXn djy Dƒs ssbp temisø adn-b-øns hna-e-lr-z-b- Øn\v ka n- p adn-b-øns hna-e-lr-z-b-øns Xncp-\mƒ km Δ-{XnI k`-bn ÿm]n-x-am-bn. A m-cmjv{s acn-b kwh- cambn {]Jym-]n temisø apgp-h\pw hninjy djysb amxm-hns hna-e-lr-z-b-øn\v tpm t]mƒ c m-a am m ka n- p. ] - pkvxm Ign v 12- mw Znhkw hymgmgvnbmwv Xncp-k` hn. Ip m-\-bpss Xncp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- p- -Xv. B Xncp-\mƒ Ign v 8 mw Znhkw shf-fn-bmgvn Cutim-bpsS Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn-cp- \mƒ sim msp- p. ]nt v i\n-bm-gvn-bmwv adn-b-øns hna-elr-z-b-øn-cp-\mƒ Xncp-k` sim m-sp- -Xv. "I Øm-hns A`n-jn- -s\-xntc Ic-ap-b Øn-bn v \n t±m-j-\m-bn-cn- m B p Ignbpw'' (1 kmap. 26:9) 116 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

117 27. adnbøns cm o]zw (tem-i -dm-wn) Xncp-\mƒ : BKÃv 22 ]cnip sszhamxmhv kz t mi `qtemißfpss cm nbmbn kz Øn apsn [cn n s p. "kqcys\ tae nbmbpw N{μs\ ]mz]otambpw 12 \ {Xßsf IncoSambpw [cn ncn p alxztadnb kv{xocxv\w' F v shfn]msv ]pkvxiw ]{ mw A ymbøn tcjs SpØnbncn p Xv \ΩpsS kz ob amxmhns\ pdn mwv. AJne temi-ß-fp-ssbpw {kjvsmhpw c -I-\p-ambn a\pjym-h-xmcw snbvx sszh-]p-{x\mb {InkvXp-hns cmp-]zw \mw AwKo-I-cn- ptºmƒ Ahn-SpsØ AΩ-bpsS cm o-]zw ]tcm- -ambn \mw {]Jym-]n- p- p. AXn {]-Imcw {InkvXp-hns cmp-xz-øn-cp-\mƒ BtLmjn p-xp-s-ßn-bt mƒ I\y-Imw-_n-I-bpsS cm o]-z-øn-cp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- m -am-xr-`- -cmb {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ v {]tnm-z-\-am-bn. hnizm-kn-i-fpss acnb ` n-bn h DW hv a\- n-em- nb ]{ mw ]obqkv ]m acn-b h -c-øns Ah-km-\-Øn ""kz -dm-wn'' F Nm{In-I-te-J-\-Øn-eqsS adn-b-øns cmpvrnxz-øncp-\mƒ {]Jym-]n- p. AtXm-S-\p-_- n v ^møn-am-bnse amxm-hns Xncp-kz-cq-]- Øn kz Æ \n Ωn-X-amb Hcp IncoSw hbv p-i-bp- m-bn. P]-am-e-bpsS epøn- \n-bm-bn- \mw ]cnip I\y-Isb At\-I-hn-[-Øn cm n-bmbn A`n-kw-t_m- [\ snøp- p- v. 1. adn-b-øn\v "cm o' F ]Zhn \ In-Øp-S-ßn-bXv 5 mw \q m-t m-sp-iq-sn-bm-wv. 2. ]cn-ip AΩ-bpsS cm o]z-sø- p-dn v kqnn- n- p P]-ame clkyw aln-a-bpss A mw clkyw (]-cn-ip sszh-am-xmhv Bfl-i-co-c-ß-tfmsS ]ctem-i-øn Fgp- - nb DSs\ Xs Xncp- p-am-c-\m kz -Øn-s bpw `qanbpssbpw cm n-bmbn apsn- [-cn- n- -s p) 3. kz m-tcm-]n-x-bmb cm o F v epøn-\n-bm-bn tn ØXv ]{ mw ]obqkv ]m 1951 s^{_p 4 \v 4. amxm-hns cm o]-z-øn\v kqn\ \ Ip hnip- -{K-Ÿ- `mkw DXv]Øn 3:15, eq m 1:31-33 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 117

118 28. hymipe amxmhv Xncp-\mƒ : sk]vxw-_ 15 (Ip-cn-ins ]pi-gvn-bpss Xncp-\m-fns ]nt - v) tbip-hns AΩbm-Im e`n hnfn-bpss \n-anjw apx ac-ww-h-sc adn-b-øn\v thz-\m-p-\-i-amb kw`h ]c-º-c-i-fpss Ime-L- -am-bn-cp- p. tbiphns BZy-tØbpw Ah-km-\-tØbpw hn{i-a-ÿm\w adn-b-øns asn-bmbn-cp- p. BIp-e-cp-sSbpw hymip-e-cp-ssbpw apdn-th- -h-cp-ssbpw XI p Xf h-cp-ssbpw B{i-b-a- -h-cp-ssbpw B{i-b-amb hymip-emw-_n-i-tbm-sp ` n {]Xy- -cq-]-øn BN-cn- p-xp-s-ßn-bxv em-wv. 15- mw \q m- n P Ω- \n-bnepw 16- mw \q m- ns Ah-km-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn sxt bqtdm- nepw {^m knepw Cu ` n hym]n- p-i-bp- m-bn G{]n 22 \v ]Xn-aq mw _\-UnIvSv ]m {]kn- -s -Sp-Ønb Un{In {]Imcw adn-b-øns Ggp- hym- Ip-e-ß-tfm-Sp ` n v s]mxp-hmb AwKo-Im-chpw {]Nm-chpw kn n- p. Ggmw ]obqkv am m- -bmwv hymip-e-am-xm-hns Xncp\mƒ km Δ- {XnI k`-bn ÿm]n- -Xv. amxm-hns Ggp- hym-ip-e-߃ 1) amxm-hns ip o-i-c-w -Zn-hkw sia-tbms {]h-n\w ""Hcp-hmƒ \ns lrz-bsø t`zn- pw.'' (eq m 2:35) 2) tltdm-tz-kns hmfn \n v DÆn Cutimsb c n- p-hm CuPn-]vXnte- p ]mem-b-\w. (aøm : 2:14) 3) ]{ v hb- p- -t mƒ Cutimsb tzhm-e-b-øn ImWm-Xm-b-Xv. (eq- m 2: 45) 4) Cutim KmKp Øm-bn-te v Ipcn-ip-h-ln- p-sim- p-t]m-ip ImgvN - (]mcºcyw) 5) KmKp Øm-bn Ip-cn-in Nph n \n p- Xv (tbml 19:25) 6) Cutim-bpsS arx-tzlw amxm-hns asn-bn InS-Øn-bXv (]m-c-º-cyw) 7) I Ømhns kwkvimcw (]mcºcyw) 118 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

119 29. \nxy-k-lm-b-am-xmhv Xncp-\mƒ : Pq 27 \nxy-k-lmb amxm-hns A p-x-nn{xw kphn-ti-j-i-\mb hn. eq m hc p F mwv ]mc-ºcy hnizm-kw. tbip-hns _mey-ime-ønse Hcp kw`-h-amwv Cu Nn{Xw A\p-kva-cn- n- p- -Xv. Iq p-im-cp-ambn Ifn- p-sim- n-cp _me-\mb tbip-hn\v c pam-em-j-am ImW-s - p. Ah-cn anjm-tb amemj ]oum-\p-`-hk-a-bøv Xs ]m izw IpØn-Øp-d- m-\p Ip hpw K{_n-tb amemj Xm Npa- p-hm t]mip Ipcnipw hln- n-cp- p. Cu ImgvN I v `b-s _me-\mb tbip Xs amxm-hns ] -te v HmSn AΩ-bpsS Ic-ß-fn A`bw txsn. tbip-hns Hcp Imense sncn v h n-s]m n Xqßn- n-s- p- Xv, `b v HmSn h -Xns\ kqnn- n- p- p. \ΩpsS Bh-iy-ß-fnepw tbip-hn-s\-t mse Cu AΩ-bn A`bw txsn-bm \ap pw Ahƒ Hcp \nxy-k-lm-b-am-xmhv Bbn-cn- pw. amxm-hns Icp-Wm {Z-amb IÆp-Iƒ \sω kzm Xs ] te v Wn- p- p. amxm-hns Nn{X-Øn\v Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-embn simsp-øn-cn- p A -c-߃ {Ko v en]n-i-fm-wv. Npcp-s -gp-øp-i-fmbn \ In-bn-cn- p AhbpsS ]q Æcq]w api-fn CS-Xp-h-i-Øp- Xv sszh- Øns AΩ F pw api-fn he-øp-h-i-øp- Xv apjy-ssz-h-zq- X anjm-tb F pw amxmhns Nn{X-Øn-\-Sp-Øp- Xv tbip- {InkvXp F p-am-wv. ]Xn-\ mw ixm-_vz-øns A y-tøm-sp-iqsn Cu Nn{Xw {Io v Zzo]n \n p tdman-tebv v sim p-h-c-s -Sp-Ibpw \nxy-k-lm-b-am- Xm-sh t]cn hw-ß-s -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 119

120 tdman-ep tacn-ta-p, sk v tpm em -d F o _kn-en- m-i-fpss a y-`m-k-ømbn Xs Nn{Xw {]Xn-jvTn p hw-ß-s -S- W-sa B{Klw amxmhv Hcp ]n p-_m-en-ibv v {]Xy- -s] v Adn-bn- p. Cu c p- _-kn-en mifpss a y-`m-k-ømbn AK-kvXo- \n-b sshzn-i-cpss ta t\m- -Øn hn. aøm-bn-bpss tzhm-ebw ÿnxn-sn-bvxn-cp- p. Cu tzhm-e-b-øns {][m\ _en-]o-t-øn\v api-fn-embn 1499 am v 27- mw XnbXn B A p-x-nn{xw {]Xn-jvTn- -s - p {^ v tk\ hn. aøm-bn-bpss tzhm-ebw \mam-hti-j-am- n-b-xn-s\-xps v AK-kvXo-\n-b sshzn-i B Nn{Xw Xß-fpsS Hcm-{i-a-Øn-te v am n ÿm]n- p hsc Cu Nn{Xw AhnsS A m-x-ambn ÿnxn-sn-bvxn-cp- p. Cub-h-k-c-Øn dnuw-]v -dnãv sshzn-i hn. aøm-bn-bpss ]pcm-x\ tzhm-ebw ÿnxn snbvxn-cp ÿe-øp-xs Hcp \ho\ tzhm-ebw ]Wn-I-gn- n- p. Cu kμ `-Øn AXp-hsc A m-xambn Ign- n-cp B A p-x-nn{xw sszhni ]cn-]m-e-\-bm I p-in- n. Cu Nn{X-Øns ]q Δ-Imew \ mbn {Kln- n-cp ]obqkv 9 ma ]m Hcp Iev]\aqew Cu Nn{Xw ]q Δ-ÿm-\Øv Xs {]Xn-jvTn p hw-ß-s -S-W-sa v \n t±-in- p-ibpw AXns kwc- Ww dnuw-]v -dnãv (Zn-hy-c- I k`) sshzn-isc G n- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]cn-ip ]nxmhv A v Ah-tcmSv ]d- p. "\nxyk-lmb amxmhv temi-saßpw Adn-b-s -Sp-hm CS-bm- p-hn ' \nxy-k-lmb amxm-hns Xncp-\mƒ BtLm-jn- n-cp- Xv tbml- m amwzm-\-bpss Xncp-\mƒ Znh-k-amb Pq 24 \v apºp Rmbdm-gvN-bm-bn-cp p. F m ]obqkv H ]Xmw ]m AXv Pq 27 F v \n -bn- p. Ipsd h j-߃ p-tijw s_\-univsv 15- m-a ]m 1916 \hw-_ 3 se Hcp Iev]-\-{]-Imcw B Xob-Xn-bn Hcp sndnb hyxymkw hcp-øn. AXn -{]-Imcw Znhy-c- I k`bpss tzhm-e-bß-fn, Bcw-`-Øn-em-bn-cp- -Xp-t]mse Pq 24 \v apºp RmbdmgvN Xncp-\mƒ BtLm-j-Zn-\-ambn \n -bn- p. a p tzhm-e-b-ß-fn Pq 27 \v Xs Xncp-\mƒ Zn\-ambn XpS-cm\pw Xocp-am-\n- p. C y-bn \nxy-k-lm-b-amxmhns t]cn Hcp tzhm-ebw ]Wn- XXv Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn -bn ]\-ßmSv ASp-Øp NmØ-Ωbn-em-Wv. \nxy-k-lmb amxm-hns \nxy-\-h-\mƒ C y-bn BZyambn XpS-ßn-bXv t_mws_-bnse amln-bn-em-wv. Znhy-c- Ik`-bnse sshzn-i ticf-øn \nxy-\-h-\mƒ {]m \ Bcw-`n- Xv 1956 s^{_p-h-cn-bn hn. {^m knkv AkoknbpsS 120 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

121 \maønep hcm pg AXncq]Xm IØo-{U ] n-bn-em-wv. \nxyk-lmb amxm-hn-t\m-sp ` n tic-f-ønepw temi-ønse \m\m- `m-k-ß-fnepw Zn\w-{]Xn h n- p-sim- n-cn- p- p. \nxy-k-lmb amxm-hns kt -X-Øn h v Ahn-SpsØ klmbw txsn am yÿyw At]- n- -h-cn Hcp-h-s\-t mepw Dt]- n- mø amxmhv temi-am-k-iew \nc-h-[n-bmb A px {]h Ø- \-ß-fn-eqsS Xs km n yw A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am- p- p. Km\w \nxy-k-lmb \mty {]m n R߃ mbv \o \n a ƒ R߃ mbv \o {]m n kvt\l-\mty \odp am\-k-߃ Bbn-c-am-bn-c-߃ IÆo-cn Xmgvhc-bn \n nxm tigp- tω tiƒ tw tcmz-\-߃ \evitw \ hc-߃ \n Znhy-kq-\p-hn- tn tw a sf \o ""Rm \nßsf Dt] n pibn ; Rm \nßfpss CSbn k cn pw'' tehy 26 :12 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 121

122 Km\w \ns XI -bn Bizm-k-ta-Im \ns Xf -bn H p-tn-cm \ns Xmcm- p- ]msn Dd- m CXm CXm \ns AΩ XymK-tØm-sSs ssii-fn Xmßn-tbm-ft m kvt\l-tøm-sss DZ-c-Øn hln- h-ft m \n thz-\-bn kl-\-øo-bn hnßn hnxpºpw \n lrzb timwn \n Ωe kvt\l-sø-fn-\o \ Im CXm CXm \ns AΩ Xncp- p-spw-_-øn \my-bm- -WΩ Xncp-k-`-bpsS \my-bm-wω \nxyw ]cn-ip a-dn-b-am-wω CXm CXm \ns AΩ ]m]n-iƒs -s pw B{ibw Bb-h-ft m ]m]n- m-sb pw {]m n- p- -h-ft m ]m]-tn- n \o ]ns-bp-tºmƒ km z-\-ta-im \n IÆo-scm- m \ns F pw amtdmsv tn m CXm CXm \ns AΩ (\n-s...) A ]-Xn-e-[-nIw acnb KoX-߃ AS-ßnb ]pkvxiw kup-\y-ambn Uu temuv snøp-hm kμ in- pi sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

123 30. P]-am-ebpw a p {]m -\-Ifpw P]-ame cm n-bpss Xncp-\mƒ : HIvtSm-_ 7 P]-ame BtKmf ItØm-en- hfsctbsd CjvS-s -Sp- Xpw AXy- [niw ^e-zm-b-i-hp-amb sim F -dn-b- -Sp P]-ame adn-b-tøm- Sp-IqsS {InkvXp-hns\ [ym\n- p Hcp {]m -\-bm-wv. sim \a-kvim-c-øns ASn-ÿm-\- {]m -\-Iƒ, {InkvXp-a-X-Øns aueni {]m -\-Iƒ Xs -bm-sw- Xpw sim -\-a-kvim-c-øns t{ijvt-x-bm-wv. hn. Ip m-\bpw IqZm-i-Ifpw Ign- m {][m-\- s {]m -\-bmwv sim -\-a-kvim-cw. sim \a-kvim-c-sø- p-dn v hf-sc-tbsd ]T\ Kth-j-W-߃ \S-Ønb tdm_ v txã ]d-bp- p. sim -\-a-kvimcw Bh Ø\ hnc-k-am-sw v Bh-em-Xn-s -Sp- -h Hcp kxyw hnkva-cn- p- p- sim- -\-a-kvimcw Hcp [ym\m-fli {]m \ IqSn-bm-sW Imcyw. anãniv {KŸ-Im-c-\mb txmakv AIzn\mkv Xs {InkvXz-\p-I-c- W-Øn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn- p hmiyw Xmsg simsp- p- p: ""\ -\n-d adn-bhpw sim bpw \mw snm p-tºmƒ kz -hm-kn-iƒ kt mjn- p- p; `qhm-kn-iƒ B -cy-s -Sp- p; ]nim-np- ƒ HmSn-sbm-fn- p- p; \ciw hnd-sim- p- p; Zp:Jsa mw A{]-Xy- -am-ip- p; B\μw Xncn- p-h-cp- p; lrz-b-øn\v kzÿx ssih-cp- p.'' sim -bpss Ncn-{Xw. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn B{i-a-ß-fn Xma-kn- n-cp k\ym-kn-am Hcp-an v tn v 150 k o Ø-\-߃ Znh-khpw snm pi ]Xn-hm-bncp- p. hnzym-`ym-k-an- mø km[m-c-w- m v CXv hnkva-b-icam- sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 123

124 bn-cp- p. C{]-Imcw k o Ø-\-߃ snm p-hm Adn-bmØ \nc- -c-cmb km[p- ƒ HØp-tN v k\ym-kn-am-cpss klm-b-tømss 150 kz ÿ-\mb ]nxmth F {]m \ Bh Øn p snm phm XpS-ßn. AsXmcp ` y-`ym-k-ambn amdn. 150 {]mhiyw FÆp- -Xn\v awn-iƒ D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp- p. Ah-bmWv sim -a-wn-i-fmbn cq]m- -c-s - -Xv. "FÆw' F A w hcp "tim ' F t]m pkokv ]Z-amWv \ΩpsS "sim '-bmbn cq]m- cw {]m]n- -Xv. bqtdm- n BZn-a-Im-eØv "sdmkm-cnbpw' F t]cmwv CXn\v D]- tbm-kn- n-cp- -Xv. tdmkm- q- -fpss txm w F mwv AXns A w. Znhy-c-l-kyßsf tdmkm- q- -fmbn Icp-Xn-bn-cp- p. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn 150 kz. ]nxmth F p snm n-bn-cp- p. 12 mw \q m- n acnb ` n v {]Np-c-{]-Nmcw e`n- -txmss 150 \ \nd adnbw F {]m \ snm p ]Xn-hm-cw-`n- p. hn. suman- \n pw klk\ym-kn-i-fp-amwv P]-ame {]N-cn- n- -Xv. 12- mw \q m n k`-bvs -Xntc cq]w sim B _nsp knb ]mj- WvU-X-bvs -Xntc t]mcm-sp-hm hn. suman-\n- ns\ ( ) amxmhv \ntbm-kn- p. suman-\niv {]m n- p-sim- n-cp- -t mƒ sszham-xmhv {]Xy- -s v P]-ame \ In-sIm v AXp {]N-cn- n- phm hnip- -t\msv Bhiy-s - p-sh v Ncn-{X-Im-c- m tcj-s -Sp- Øp- p. P]-ame ` n {]N-cn- -txmss ]mj-wvux XI p. hmgvø-s Ae Un emtdm v P]-am-esb ]p\: ÿm]n- p Hcp suman-\n- k\ymkn "amxm-hns k o Ø-\-߃' F t]cn Hcp ]pkvx-i-sa-gp-xn, ]Xn-\ v clky-ß-tfm-sp-iq-sn. CXn Ah-km-\sØ cs -Æ-sam-gnsI as mw C sø P]-am-e-bnse Znhy-c-l-ky-ß-fm-Wv. 50 awniƒ Htc Nc- Sn tim Øv ]Øp-hoXw A mbn hoxn v Hmtcm Xncn-hn-\p-an-Sbv v Hcp kz. ]nxmth...- F P]w- Iq ntn Øv hnizm-kn-iƒ v hnxcww snbvxp. ]Xn-\ v c m-ic cl-ky-߃ Dƒs -Sp-Ønb Cu P]-ame HmtZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn- Xv A mw ]obqkv am m- -bmwv. kam-]-\-hm-iy-ambn {XnXz-kvXpXn am m Iq nt Øp. `mc-x-øn t]m p-kokv anj-wdnamcmwv (1501 apx ) CXp {]N-cn- n- -Xv. tpm t]mƒ c m-a am m 2002 {]Imi-Øns cl-ky-߃ Iq n-t Øv 20 c m-ic cl-ky-ß-tfmss AXv 203 awn P]-am- n. ]cn-ip adnbw temi-ønse hnhn[ ÿeß-fn {]Xy- -s v ]m]n-i-fpss am\-km- -c-øn-\mbn P]-ame snm p-hm Bh-iy-s -Sp- p. 124 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

125 1) HIvtSm-_ Ggv P]-ame cm n-bpss Xncp-\m-fmbn k` BtLmjn- p -Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv F papx? 16- mw \q m n ]obqkv A m-as ImeØv (se- m-t mbn h v Xp n-i-fp-am-bp- mb Ipcn-ip-bp- -Øn hnpbw hcn- -Xns hm jni Zn\-Øn ) 2) se mt m bp -hn-pbw Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp p? ss{ikvxh bqtdm v apgp-h ]nsn -S- m-\mbn kacmlzm\ tømss ap nw Xp n ssk\yw 1571 HIvtSm-_ amkw se mt m IS-en-Sp- n-te v (bq-tdm- n-s bpw B{^n- -bpssbpw CS-bv p IS-en-Sp- v) ]ms -Øn. suman-\n- k`mw-k-ambncp A sø am m hn. ]obqkv A m-as Blzm-\ a\pk-cn v bp Znhkw apgp-h tdma P\X am m- -tbm-ssmøv XpS -bmbn sim -\-a-kvimcw snm ns m n-cp- p. bp Znhkw cmhnse se mt m ISen-Sp- n Im v ss{ikvxh ssk\y-øn\v {]Xn-Iq-e-am-hpIbpw bp w A]-I-S-c-amb \ne-bnte v \oßn-s m- n-cn- p-ibpw snbvx \n ÆmbI \nan-j- Øn sszh-am-xm-hns am yÿyøm Im v ss{ikvxh ssk\y-øn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-hp-Ibpw Hmkv{Sn-b- m-c-\mb tum Pphms t\xr-xz-øn-ep ss{ikvxhtk\m kaqlw Xp n tk\sb \nt»jw ]cm-p-b-s -Sp-Øp-Ibpw snbvxp C sø ss{ikvxh bqtdm v ap ow bqtdm- m n am p-hm X i n-bp- m-bn-cp ssk\ysø txmev]n- Xv sszh-am-xmhmb I\yImadn-b-Øns am yÿy i n-bm-em-bn-cp- p. 3) "{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS klm-b-amb adn-b-ta, R߃ v th n At]- n- Wta' F p amxm-hns epøn-\n-bm-bn Iq ntn ØXv se mt m hnp-b-øn-\p-tijw 4) P]-am-e-sb- p-dn- p-am{xw H -]Xv Nm{In-I-te-J-\-߃ {]kn o Icn- p-ibpw P]-am-e-bpsS ]m F -dn-b-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp am m setbm 13- mw ]m ( ) 5) IpSpw_s m \a-kvim-cøns ÿm]-i, At±lw Db Ønb ap{zm-hmiyw ^m. ]m{sniv s]bv ( ); ""H n v {]m n- p IpSpw_w H n v \n p- p.'' sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 125

126 6) P]-ame {]m -\-bpss t{]jn-x-\mb ^mz ]m{sniv s]bv Wpw kl-{]-h Ø-Icpw tn v t_mws_ \K-c-Øn "tdmkdn {IqtkUv' kwl-sn- n- Xv ) temi-øn F m-h pw kzoim-cy-amb GI {]m \ F pw F m-h pw CjvSs {]m -\-sb pw P]-am-esb hnti-jn- n am m tpm t]mƒ c m-a 8) "I\yImadn-b-Øns P]-ame' F A -kvtxm-eni tej\w {]kn- o-i-cn ]m tpm t]mƒ c m-a, 2002 HIvtSm-_ 16 \v 9) {]Im-i-Øns cl-ky-߃ IqSn P]-am-e-bn Dƒs -Sp-Øm tpm t]mƒ c m-a am m- bv v {]tnm-z-\-ambn IW- m- s -Sp- Xv amƒ m-bn- \n p hmgvø-s - -h-\mb ^m. tpm Pv t{]i 1957 Xøm-dm- nb "{]ImiØns cl-ky-߃'. 10) P]-am-ebpw bma-{]m -\bpw Hcp Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w: `mc-x-ønse acnb ` -cmb am tømωm \{km-wn-iƒ AhcpsS ]ucm-wni ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn v bma-{]m -\-I-fmWv amxm-hns\ {]Io Øn- p-hm snm n-bn-cp- -Xv. kp{]-kn sszh-im-kv{x- -\mb jn -s_-ivkns ho -W-Øn P]-ame {]m \bpw bma-{]m -\bpw XΩn _mly-cq-]-øn Imcy-amb hyxymk-sam- p-an-. c pw hmnn-i-am-wv. A[-c-߃sIm v Dcp-hn-Sp- p. bma-{]m -\-bn Bh Ø\w Ipd-hm-Wv. F m P]-am-ebn A[n-Ihpw Bh Ø-\-am-Wv. Bh Ø\w a\:im n v AXyp-Ø-a-am-sW- mwv B ym-flni ]WvUn-X- mcpss A`n-{]mbw. ]I-ens A zm\w Ign p own- p-h-cp km[m-cw a\p-jysc kw_- n- n-s-tømfw hfsc efn-xhpw Ffp w snm mhp- -Xp-amb Hcp {]m -\-bmwv P]-am-e. P]ame {]m \ ^e-{]-z-am-i-w-sa- n AXv th coxnbn Øs snmt - -XmWv F v B ym-flni imkv{x-{]-xn` hn. {^m kokv Un kmekv ]d-bp- p. kmh-[m-\-øn Hmtcm cl-ky-søbpw Ipdn v [ym\n v P]-ame snm p- Xv hfsc ^e- {]-Z-am-bn-cn- pw. P]-ame s]mxp-hmtbm AYhm Hmtcm cl-ky- Øn\pw {]txyi \ntbmkw ht m {]m n- p- Xv P]-ame A -]q Æ-am- p-hm klm-bn- pw. 126 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

127 epøn\nb P]-ame ` n-bnse Hcp Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-amWv "amxm-hns epøn-\nb.' "epøn-\nb' F hm n\v At] F pw Bh Øn v Dd- mbn snm p {]m -\-sb pw A -ap- v. ]gb \nb-a- Ønepw ]pxnb \nb-a-ønepw ]mc-º-cy-øn-ep-ap amxm-hns {]Xncq-]-ßfpw kmzr-iy-ßfpw epøn-\n-b-bn ImWmw. k`m-]n-xm- - mcpw kq\-l-tzm-kp-ifpw amxm-hn\v \ In-bn- p A]-c-\m-a-ßfpw kpnn- n-x-ambn \ In-bn- p _lp-a-xn-ifpw at\m-l-c-ambn tim Øn-W- n-bn- p Hcp kpirx Ipkpa arvp-cntbm Io Ø- \tam BWv epøn-\nb F v k`m-]n-xm- - m hnti-jn- n- p- p. 16- mw \q m- n hn. temd kv {_m knkn BWv amxm-hns epøn- \nb cnn- -Xv. ""\ -\n-d adn-bta...'' F {]m \ amxm-hn-t\m-sp {]m -\-I-fn G hpw {]ap-jhpw at\m-lc-hp-amb {]m -\-bm-wn-xv. sszh-am-xm-hn-s\- p-dn v ItØm-en sszh-imkv{xw ]Tn- n- p G hpw kw n]vx cq]-amwv Cu {]m -\-bn-ep- -Xv. c v `mk-ß-fp Cu {]m -\-bn BZy- `mkw A`n-hm-Z-\hpw c m-a-tøxv At]- -bp-am-wv. hn. eq m Fgp- Xnb kphn-tijw 1:28, 42 F o hmiy-ß-fmwv BZy-`m-Kw. tbiphns P\-\-sØ- p-dn v Adn-bn- p-hm h amemj Ah-fpsS ASpØp h v ]d- p, "sszh-ir] \nd- -h-tf!, kzkvxn, I Ømhp \nt msp IqsS'' (eq m 1:28). amem-jsb a[y-h Øn-bm- n-sim v adn-bsø A`n-hmZyw snøp- Xv sszhw Xs -bm-wv. \ -\n-d- -h-fm-ip-hm-\p ImcWw I Ømhv Ah-tfm-sSm w Ds -Xm-Wv. Ahsf \nd-bv p \ -bmis, F m Ir]m-h-c-ßfp-sSbpw DdhnSamb I Øm-hns km n- yhpw (CCC 2676) tbip-hns\ K `w[cn adnbw Xs Cf-b-Ω-bmb Fen-k-_- Øns\ kμ in v A`n-hm-Z\w snbvx-t mƒ Fen-k-_-Øns DZc-Øn inip IpXn- p-nm-sn. Fen-k-_Øv ]cn-ip- m-flmhv \nd- h-fm-bn. At mƒ Ahƒ adn-btømsv ]d- p. "" \o kv{xoi-fn A\p-Kr-lo-X-bm-Wv. \ns DZ-c-^-ehpw A\p-KrloXw''(eq m 1:42) {]m \ Cw o-jn : Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you, blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 127

128 ae-bmf X -pa-bn You (\o) \v ]Icw _lp-am\ kqn-iambn Aßv F hm v D]tbmKn ncn p p. c mw-`mkw \ΩpsS At]- -bm-wv. ]cn-ip- bpw sszh-øns AΩ-bp-amb adn-b-tømsv \mw {]m n- p- p. Fen-k-_-Øn-t\msSm w \mapw hnkva-b-`-cn-x-cm-ip- p. Cu {]m \ Cw o-jn : Holy Mary, mother of God, pray for us, sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. ]m]n-ifmsw v kzbw Gd-dp-]-d- p-sim- mwv k Δ hnip- -bmb ImcpWy AΩ-tbmSv \mw bmnn- p- -Xv. kz]p{xs Ipcnip-a-cWka-bØv k n-ln-x-bm-bn-cp- -Xp-t]mse \ΩpsS ac-w- thf-bnepw amxmhv IqsS-bp- m-ip-hm \mw B{K-ln- p- p. \mw acn- p-tºmƒ ]dp-zo-km-bn Xs ]p{xs ASp te v \ΩpsS AΩsb \ne-bn Ahƒ \sω \bn s (CCC. 2627). 16- mw \q m- nemwv Cu {]m -\-bpss ]q Æ-cq]w {]N-cn- -Xv. {]m \: \ -\n-d adn-b-ta, kzkvxn, I Ømhv Aß-tbmSpIqsS, kv{xoi-fn Aßv A\p-{K-ln- -s - -h-fm-ip- p. Aß-bpsS DZ-c- Øn ^e-amb Cutim A\p-{K-ln- -s - -h-\m-ip- p. ]cn-ip adn-b-ta, Xºp-cms AtΩ, ]m]n-i-fmb R߃ p th n Ct mgpw Rß-fpsS ac-w-k-a-bøpw Xºp-cm-t\mSv At] n- -Wta. BtΩ. {XnIm-e-P]w F m- Zn-h-khpw cmhn-sebpw D bv pw k ybv pw snm n hcp Hcp sim p-{]m -\-bmwv {XnIm-e-P]w AYhm "I Ømhns amemj...' F m-cw-`n- p {]m \. CXv awk-f-hm Øbpw a\p-jym-h-xm-chpw A\p-kva-cn- p-sim v amxm-hns\ kvxpxn- p hn-\m-[n-jvtnx Io Ø-\-am-Wv. a y-i-x-i-øn ]m m-xy-cm-py-ß-fn-emwv Cu {]m \ BZy-ambn Bcw-`n- -Xv. XpS- -Øn k ym-k-a-bøv am{xta Cu {]m \ snm n-bn-cp- p- p. ]n osv {KnKdn 9 -ma ]m ( ) Cu {]m -\-bpss ka-bøv Ipcn-ip-bp- - msc Hm p-hm th n ] n-i-fn awn-b-sn- -W-sa pw \n t±iw \ In. ]n o-smwv AXn- 128 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

129 cm-hn-sebpw D -t\-cøpw Cu P]w snm p ]Xn-hp- m-b-xv. ]Xn- \mdmw \q m- m-b-txmss {XnIme P]w temi-am-k-iew A\p-Zn\ {]m -\-bpss ] n-i-bn ÿm\w ]nsn- p. ""F{Xbpw Zb-bp amxm-th...'' F {]m \ Akm-[m-c-W-amb sszh-am-xr-`- n-bp- m-bn-cp thz-]m-cw-k- X\pw am m- -bpss D]-tZ-jvSm-hpambn {]tim-`n- n-cp _ WmZv ]pwy-hm ( ) Fgp-Xnb Cu {]m \ snm mø ItØmen m IpSpw-_-߃ tic-f-øn D m-ip-hm-\n-s-bn-. ImcWw, At]- n- m Dt]- n- mø ]cn-ip adn-b-tøm-sp Cu {]m \ AXn-a-t\m-l-chpw hfsc ^e-{]m-]vxn-bp- -Xp-am-Wv. amxm-hn-t\m-sp {]m -\-I-sf mw a yÿ {]m -\-I-fm- Wv. ]nxmhpw ]p{x\pw ]cn-ip- m-flm-hp-amb {Xn-ssXzI sszh- Øn \n v A\p-{K-l-߃ hmßn-ø-c-w-sa-sb- mwv {]m n- p- -Xv. \mw {]m n- p- Xv bym -Øn amxm-hn-t\m-s-, amxmhp-hgn sszh-tøm-sp-x-s -bm-wv. hn. tpm acnb hnbm\n ]d-bp- p. ""kpk ]qcn-x-amb Hcp hkvxp-hn \mw kv] in- m \ΩpsS ssiiƒ v kuc`yw In p- p. AXp-t]mse \ΩpsS {]m \ AΩbpsS Ic-ß-fn-eqsS IS- p-t]m-ip-tºmƒ AXv ]cn-afw ]c-øp- p.- L- ""sszhtømsp tn p \n phn ; AhnSp v \nßtfmspw tn p \n pw.'' bmt m_v 4:8 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 129

130 k Δ-P-\-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw \my ]Tn- n {]m \ "{InkvXp-\m-Ym', ]nxm-hns ]p{xm, Aß-bpsS Acq-]nsb Ct mƒ `qan-bn-te- -bbv -W-ta. F m P\-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw lrz-b-øn ]cn-ip- m-flmhv hkn- s! AXp-hgn [m Ωn- Im[:]X-\w, Zpc- -߃, bp w BZn-bm-b-h-bn \n pw Ah kwc- n- -s -S-s. Hcn- adn-b-am-bn-cp-, k Δ- P-\-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw \my, Rß-fpsS A`n-`m-j-I-bm-bn-cn- -s, BtΩ (Zn-h-tk\ ]e-{]m-hiyw snm p- -Xp-hgn sszh-øns Ir]bpw c bpw im nbpw e`n- p-sa v amxmhv Adn-bn- p.) ""\o F{X D -X-\m-tWm A{X-am{Xw hn\o-x-\m-hpi; At mƒ I Øm-hns Ir]bv v \o ]m{x-am-ipw.'' ({]-`m-j-i 3:18) 130 sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw

131 31. ` kwls\ifpw ` nirxyßfpw 1. acn-b skmum-en n (kn.-f.-kn) 2. acn-b ssk\yw (eo-pn-b Hm^v tacn) 3. a p-`- -kw-l-s-\-iƒ 4. DØ-cob ` n 5. ASn-a-h-bv 6. F p-t\mºv 7. ]Xn-\ v t\mºv 8. i\n-bmgvn hw w 9. tabvamk hw w 10. HIvtSm-_ amk-ønse P]-ame` n ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øn\v \ΩpsS {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn AXp-ey-amb ÿm\-ap- v. Ch B[p-\n-I-bp-K-Øn Bcw-`n H -. ]cn-ip- m-flm-hns t{]c-w-bm XpS w Ipdn- -s Xpw (eq- m. 1:43), F m Xe-ap-d-I-fnepw XpS-c-W-sa {]h-n-\-øns ]q Øo-I-c-W-ambn Cu Xe-ap-d-I-fnepw kw`-hn- p-sim- n-cn- p- - Xp-amb H m-wv. amxm-hn-t\m-sp ` n \ΩpsS ]pwy-po-hn-x-øn\pw kz {]m]vxn pw XnI pw A\p-t]- -Wo-b-am-Wv. ]cn-ip- n-bpss hnf- \n-e-am-bn-cp- p \ΩpsS AΩ. ]pwy-k-ºm-z-\-øn-\p ]cn-{i-a-ßfn Ft mgpw \ap v amxr-i-bm-bn-cn-t - Xv ki-e-]p-wy-ßfpw sim v Aew-Ir-X-bmb ]cn-ip I\y-Im-a-dn-b-am-Wv. kz ob \ - Iƒ {]m]n -p- -Xn\pw Cutim-bpsS lrz-b-øn-\-\p-cq-]-amb Hcp PohnXw \bn- p- -Xn\pw adn-b-tøm-sp ` n Xo -bmbpw \ap v klm-b-i-am-wv. sszh-am-xm-hmb ]cn-ip adnbw 131

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