Engineering Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Transcription

1 CARL T. A. JOHNK Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder Engineering Electromagnetic Fields and Waves JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore

2 CHAPTER 1 Vector Analysis and Electromagnetic Fields in Free Space Scalar and Vector Fields Vector Sums Product of a Vector and a Scalar Coordinate Systems Differential Elements of Space Position Vector Scalar and Vector Products of Vectors Vector Integration Electric Charges, Currents, and Their Densities Electric and Magnetic Fields in Terms of Their Forces Maxwell's Integral Relations for Free Space Coordinate Transformations Units and Dimensions 49 CHAPTER 2 Vector Differential Relations and Maxwell's Differential Relations in Free Space Differentiation of Vector Fields Gradient of a Scalar Function The Operator V (Del) Divergence of a Vector Function Curl of a Vector Field Summary of Maxwell's Equations: Complex, Time-Harmonic Forms Laplacian and Curl Curl Operators Green's Integral Theorems: Uniqueness Wave Equations for Electric and Magnetic Fields in Free Space Uniform Plane Waves in Empty Space Wave Polarization 103 CHAPTER 3 Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions for Material Regions at Rest Electrical Conductivity of Metals Electric Polarization and Div D for Materials 116

3 XI 3-3 Div В for Materials: Its Integral Form and a Boundary Condition for Normal В Magnetic Polarization and Curl H for Materials Maxwell's Curl E Relation: Its Integral Form and Boundary Condition for Tangential E Conservation of Electric Charge Uniform Plane Waves in an Unbounded Conductive Region Classification of Conductive Media Linearity, Homogeneity, and Isotropy in Materials Electromagnetic Parameters of Typical Materials General Boundary Conditions for Normal D and J 169 CHAPTER 4 Static and Quasi-Static Electric Fields Maxwell's Equations for Static Electric Fields Static Electric Fields of Fixed-Charge Ensembles in Free Space Gauss's Law Revisited Electrostatic Scalar Potential Capacitance Energy of the Electrostatic Field Poisson's and Laplace's Equations Uniqueness of Electrostatic Field Solutions Laplace's Equation and Boundary-Value Problems Finite-Difference Solution Methods Image Methods An Approximation Method for Statically Charged Conductors Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Systems by Field Mapping Conductance Analog of Capacitance Electrostatic Forces and Torques 241 CHAPTER 5 Static and Quasi-Static Magnetic Fields Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions for Static Magnetic Fields Ampere's Circuital Law Magnetic Circuits Vector Magnetic Potential An Integral Solution for A in Free Space: Biot-Savart Law 270

4 XU CONTENTS 5-6 Quasi-Static Electromagnetic Fields Open-Circuit Induced Voltage Motional Electromotive Force and Voltage Induced Emf from Time-Varying Vector Magnetic Potential Voltage Generators and KirchhofF's Laws Magnetic Energy and Self-Inductance Coupled Circuits and Mutual Inductance Magnetic Forces and Torques 328 CHAPTER 6 Wave Reflection and Transmission at Plane Boundaries Boundary-Value Problems Reflection from a Plane Conductor at Normal Incidence Two-Region Reflection and Transmission Normal Incidence for More Than Two Regions Solution Using Reflection Coefficient and Wave Impedance Graphical Solutions Using the Smith Chart Standing Waves Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence 365 CHAPTER 7 The Poynting Theorem and Electromagnetic Power The Theorem of Poynting Time-Average Poynting Vector and Power 394 CHAPTER 8 Mode Theory of Waveguides Maxwell's Relations When Fields Have е> шчуг Dependence ТЕ, ТМ, and ТЕМ Mode Relationships TM Mode Solutions of Rectangular Waveguides ТЕ Mode Solutions of Rectangular Waveguides Dispersion in Hollow Waveguides: Group Velocity Wall-Loss Attenuation in Hollow Waveguides 447

5 xiii CHAPTER 9 ТЕМ Waves on Two-Conductor Transmission Lines ТЕМ Mode Fields Based on Static Fields Characteristic Impedance Transmission-Line Parameters, Perfect Conductors Assumed Circuit Model of a Line with Perfect Conductors Wave Equations for a Line with Perfect Conductors Transmission-Line Parameters, Conductor Impedance Included Waves of Arbitrary Shape on Lossless Lines 488 CHAPTER 10 Phasor Analysis of Reflective Transmission Lines Voltage and Current Calculation on Lines with Reflection Graphical Solutions Using the Smith Chart Standing Waves on Transmission Lines Analytical Expressions for Line Impedance Impedance-Matching: Stub-Matching of Lossless Lines 536 CHAPTER 11 Radiation from Antennas in Free Space Wave Equations in Terms of Electromagnetic Potentials Integration of the Inhomogeneous Wave Equation in Free Space Radiation from the Infinitesimal Current Element Radiation Fields of a Linear Center-Fed Thin-Wire Antenna Symmetric Maxwell's Equations and Their Vector Potentials: The Field Equivalence Theorem Antenna Directive Gain Transmit-Receive Systems: Receiving Antenna 579 Appendixes 595 A Oblique Incidence: Region 2 Conductive 595 В Transmission Line Parameters 602 С Integration of the Inhomogeneous Wave Equation 616 D Development of the Smith Chart 621 INDEX 627