Table 10-T-11 : Alphabetical Listings of Common Conversions

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1 ISHRAE Handbook UNITS AND CONVERSIONS 10.8 Table 10-T-11 : Alphabetical Listings of Common Conversions To convert from To Multiply by Acres Square feet 43,560 Acres Square meters 4074 Acres Square miles Acre-feet Cubic meters 1233 Ampere-hours (absolute) Coulomb (absolute) 3600 Angstrom units Inches Angstrom units Meters Angstrom units Microns Atmospheres Millimeters of mercury at 32 f 760 Atmospheres Dynes per square Atmospheres Newtons per square meter 101,325 Atmospheres Feet of water at39.1f Atmospheres Grams per square Atmospheres Inches of mercury at 32 F Atmospheres Pounds per square foot Atmospheres Pounds per square inch Bags (cement) Pounds (cement) 94 Barrels (cement) Pounds (cement) 376 Barrels (oil) Cubic meters Barrels (oil) Gallons 42 Barrels(U.S. liquid) Cubic meters Barrels(U.S. liquid) Gallons 31.5 Barrels per day Gallons per minute Bars Atmospheres Bars Newton s per square meter Bars Pounds per square inch Board feet Cubic feet 1/12 Boiler horsepower BTU per hour 33,480 Boiler horsepower Kilowatts BTU. Calories (gram) 252 BTU. Centigrade heat units (c.h.u or p.c.u) BTU. Foot-Pounds BTU. Horsepower-hours BTU. Joules BTU. Liter-atmospheres BTU. Pounds carbon toco BTU. Pounds water evaporated from and at 212 F BTU Cubic foot-atmospheres BTU Kilowatt-hours BTU per cubic foot Joules per cubic meter 37,260 BTU per hour Watts BTU per minute Horsepower BTU per pound Joules per kilogram 2326 BTU per pound per Calories per gram per degree degree Fahrenheit Centigrade 1 BTU per second Joules per gram per degree BTU per square foot per Kelvin hour BTU per square foot per Watts min BTU per square foot per Joules per square meter per second sec For temperature gradient Kilowatts per square foot of 1 F. Per inch Calories, gram (15 0 C),per square BTU (60 F) per degree per second for Fahrenheit temperature Bushels (U.S.dry) Gradient of 1 0 C per Bushels ( U.S dry) Calories per degree centigrade Calories, gram Cubic feet Calories, gram Cubic meters Calories, gram BTU Calories, gram Foot-pounds Calories, gram Joules Calories, gram, per gram Liter-atmosphere per degree 0 C Calories, kilogram Horsepower-hours Calories, kilogram per Joules per kilogram per degree second Kelvin Candle power (spherical Kilowatt hours Kilowatts Carats (metric) Grams 0.2 Centigrade heat units BTU 1.8 Centimetres Angstrom units Centimetres Feet Centimetres Inches Centimetres Meters 0.01 Centimetres Microns 10,000 Centimetres of mercury at Atmosphere Centimetres of mercury at Feet of water at F Centimetres of mercury at Newton s per square meter Centimetres of mercury at Pounds per square foot 27,845 Centimetres of mercury at Pounds per square inch Centimetres per second Feet per minute Centimetres of water at 4 0 Newton s per square meter C Centistokes Square meters per second Circular mills Square s Circular mills Square inches Circular mills Square mils Cords Cubic feet 128 Cubic s Cubic feet Cubic s Gallons Cubic s Ounces (U.S.fluid) Cubic s Quarts (U.S.fluid) Cubic feet Bushels (U.S) Cubic feet Cubic s 28,317 Cubic feet Cubic,meters Cubic feet Cubic yards Cubic feet Gallons Cubic feet Liters Cubic foot atmospheres Foot-pounds Cubic foot atmospheres Liter-atmospheres Cubic feet of water (60 F) Pounds Cubic feet per minute Cubic s per second Cubic feet per minute Gallons per second Cubic feet per second Gallons per minute Cubic feet per second Million gallons per day Cubic inches Cubic meters Cubic yards Cubic meters Curies Disintegrations per minute Curies Coulombs per minute Degrees Radians Drams (apothecaries or Grams troy) Drams( avoirdupois) Grams Dynes Newton s Ergs Joules Faradays Coulombs (abs.) 96,500 Fathoms Feet 6 Feet Meters Feet per minute Meters Feet per minute Centimetre per second Feet per (second) 2 Meters per (second) Feet of water at 39.2 F Newton s per square meter 2989 Foot-poundals BTU Foot-poundals Joules Foot-poundals Liter-atmospheres Foot-pounds BTU Foot-pounds Calories, gram Foot-pounds Foot-poundals Foot-pounds Horsepower-hours Foot-pounds Kilowatt-hours Foot-pounds Liter-atmospheres Foot-pounds force Joules

2 ISHRAE Handbook UNITS AND CONVERSIONS 10.9 Foot-pounds per second Horsepower Foot-pounds per second Kilowatts Furlongs Miles Gallons( U.S.liquid) Barrels (U.S.liquid) Gallons Cubic meters Gallons Cubic feet Gallons Litters Gallons Ounces (U.S. fluid) 128 Gallons per minute Cubic feet per hour Gallons per minute Cubic feet per second Grains Grams Grains Pounds 1/7000 Grains per cubic foot Grams per cubic meter Grains per Gallon Parts per million Grams Drams (avoirdupois) Grams Drams (troy) Grams Grains Grams Kilograms Grams Pounds (avoirdupois) Grams Pounds (troy) Grams per cubic Pounds per cubic foot Grams per cubic Pounds per gallon Grams per litre Grains per gallon Grams per litre Pounds per cubic foot Grams per square Pounds per cubic foot Grams per square Pounds per square inch Hectares Acres Hectares Square meter 10,000 Horsepower (British) BTU per minute Horsepower (British) BTU. per hour 2545 Horsepower (British) Foot-pounds per minute 33,000 Horsepower (British) Foot-pounds per second 550 Horsepower (British) Watts Horsepower (British) Horsepower Horsepower (British) Pounds carbon to CO2 per hour Horsepower (British) Pounds, water evaporated per hour 2.64 at 212 F Horsepower (metric) Foot-pounds per second Horsepower (metric) Kilogram-meters per second 75.0 Hours(mean solar) Seconds 3600 Inches Meters Inches of mercury at 60 F Newton s per square meter Inches of water at 60 F Newton s per square meter Joules (absolute) BTU (mean) Joules (absolute) Calories,g ram (mean) Joules (absolute) Cubic foot-atmospheres Joules (absolute) Foot-pounds Joules (absolute) Kilowatt-hours Joules (absolute) Liter-atmosphere Kilocalories Joules Kilograms Pounds (avoirdupois) Kilograms force Newton s Kilograms per square Pounds per square inch Kilometres Miles Kilowatt-hours BTU 3414 Kilowatt-hours Foot-pounds Kilowatts Horsepower Knots (international) Meters per second Knots (nautical miles per Miles per hour hour) Lambers Candles per square inch Liter-atmospheres Cubic foot atmospheres Litter-atmospheres Foot-pounds Litres Cubic feet Litres Cubic meters Litres Gallons Lumens Watt Micro microns Microns Microns Angstrom units Microns Meters Miles (nautical) Feet 6080 Miles (nautical) Miles (U.S.statute) Miles Feet 5280 Miles Meters Miles per hour Feet per second Miles per hour Meters per second Milliliters Cubic s 1 Milliliters Meters Milliliters of mercury at 0 C Newton s per square meter Mill microns Microns Mils Inches Mils Meters Minims (U.S.) Cubic s Minutes (angle) Radians Minutes (mean solar) Seconds 60 Newton s Kilograms Ounces (avoirdupois) Kilograms Ounces (avoirdupois) Ounces (troy) Ounces (U.S fluids) Cubic meters Ounces (troy) Ounces (aporthecaries) Pints (US. Liquid) Cubic meters Poundals Newton s Pounds (avoirdupois) Grains 7000 Pounds (avoirdupois) Kilograms Pounds (avoirdupois) Pounds (troy) Pounds per cubic foot Grams per cubic Pounds per cubic foot Kilograms per cubic meter Pounds per square foot Atmospheres Pounds per square foot Kilograms per square meter Pounds per square inch Atmosphere Pounds per square inch Kilograms per square Pounds per square inch Newton s per square meter Pounds Force Newton s Pounds force per square Newton s per square meter foot Pounds water evaporated Horsepower-hours from and at 212 F Pounds-centigrade units BTU 1.8 (p.c.u) Quarts (U.S.liquid) Cubic meters Radians Degrees Revolutions per minute Radians per second Seconds (angle) radians Slugs Gee pounds 1 Slugs Kilograms Slugs Pounds Square s Square feet Square feet Square meters Square feet per hour Square meters per second Square inches Square s Square inches Square meters Square yards Square meters Stokes Square meters per second Tons (long) Kilograms 1016 Tons (long) Pounds 2240 Tons (metric) Kilograms 1000 Tons (metric) Pounds Tons (metric) Tons (short) Tons (short) Kilograms Tons(short) Pounds 2000 Tons (refrigeration) BTU per hour 12,000 Tons (British. shipping) Cubic Feet Tons (U.S shipping) Cubic Feet Torr (mm.mercury, 0 C) Newton s per square meter Watts BTU per hour Watts Joules per second 1 Watts Kilogram-meters per second Watt-hours Joules 3600 Yards Meters

3 ISHRAE Handbook UNITS AND CONVERSIONS UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Table 10-T-12 : Conversion To SI Units Multiply By To obtain Multiply By To obtain acre Ha In.lb (torch moment) 113 mn.m bar *100 Kp a In mm 2 barrel (42 U.S.gal petroleum) 159 L In 3 (volume) 16.4 ml m 3 In 3 min(scim) ml/s BTU(International Table) kj In 3 (section modules) mm 3 BTU/ft KJ/m 3,J/ l In 4 (section moment) mm 4 BTU / gal kj/l Km/h m/s BTU * ft / h / * ft 2 * 0 F W /(m*k) kwh *3.60 MJ BTU * in /(h * ft 2 * 0 F) thermal conductivity W / (m*k) kw /1000cfm 2.12 J/L Kilopond (Kgforce) 9.81 N BTU/h W Kip (1000 lb) 4.45 kn BTU / ft kj/m 2 Kip /in 2 (ksi) MPa BTU /(h * ft 2 ) W/ m 2 Litre *0.001 m 3 BTU / (h * ft * 0 F) Met *58.15 W/m 2 (overall heat transfer coefficient, WW / (m 2 *K) Microm(m) of mercury (60 0 F) 133 MPa U) BTU / b Kj /kg Mile 1.61 Km BTU / (lb * 0 F) Kj /kg*k Mile, nautical 1.85 Km (specific heat, c p) Bushel m 3 Mph 1.61 Km/h Calory, gram J Mph m/s Calory, Kilogram; Kilocalory kj Millibar *0.100 kpa Centipoise, dynamic viscosity, m *1.00 mpa*s Mm of mercury (60 0 F) kpa Centistokes, Kinematic viscosity *1.00 mm 2 /s Mm of water (60 0 F) 9.80 Pa clo m 2* K/W Ounce (mass, avoirdupois) g dyne per cm 2 *0.100 Pa Ounce (force or thrust) N EDR hot water (150 BTU/h) 44.0 W Ounce (liquid, U.S) 29.6 ml EDR steam (240 BTU/h) 70.3 W Ounce inch (torque, moment) 7.06 mn*m EER COP Ounce (avoirdupois) per gal g/l * m Perm (permeance) ng /(s*m 2.Pa) *304.8 mm Perm inch (permeability) 1.46 Ng(s*m*Pa) ft / min, fpm * m/s Pint (liquid, U.S) 473 Ml ft/s, fps * m/s Pound ft of water 2.99 kpa Lb (mass) Kg ft of water/100 ft pipe kpa/m Lb (mass) G ft m lb f (force or thrust) 4.45 g ft 2 * h* 0 F /BTU (thermal m 2* K/W Lb /ft(uniform load) 1.49 Kg/m Resistance, R) Lb m /(ft*h) (dynamic viscosity) mpa*s ft 2 /s, Kinematic viscosity n 92,900 mm/s Lb /(ft*s) dynamic viscosity,m) 1490 mpa*s ft L lb r s/ft 2 (dynamic viscosity) Pa*s ft m 3 Lb /h g/s ft 3 /h, cfh ml/s Lb /min Kg/s ft 3 /min/cfm L/s Lb/h (steam at F (10) kw ft 3 /s, cfs L/s Lb/ft Pa ft*lb,(torque or moment) 1.36 N*m Lb/ft Kg/m 2 Ft *lb(work) 1.36 J Lb /ft 3 (density, r) 16.0 Kg /m 3 ft * lb/ lb (specific energy) 2.99 j/kg Lb /gallon 120 Kg /m 3 ft * lb/ min power W Ppm (by mass) *1.00 Mg/kg Footcandle I* Psi kpa gallon (U.S., *231 in 3 ) L Quad EJ gph 1.05 ml/s Quart (liquid U.S) L gpm L/s Square (100ft 2 ) 9.29 M 2 gpm/ft L/(s* m 2 ) Tablespoon (approximately) 15 ml gpm/ton refrigeration ml /J Tablespoon (approximately) 5 ml grain (1/7000lb) g Therm (U.S) MJ gr/gal 17.1 mg /L Ton, long (2240 lb) Mg gr/lb g/kg Ton, short (2000 lb) Mg Horsepower (boiler) 9.81 kw Ton, refrigeration (12000 BTU/h) 3.52 kw Horsepower (550 fp:lb/s) kw Torr (1mm Hg at ) 133 Pa inch *25.4 mm Watt per square foot 10.8 W/m 2 in. of mercury (60 F) kpa Yd * M In. of water (60 F) Pa Yd m 2 In /100ft, thermal expansion mm/m Yd m 3 To Obtain By Divide To Obtain By Divide Note : Units are U.S. values unless noted otherwise. * conversion factor is exact.

4 ISHRAE Handbook UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Table 10-T-13 : Conversion Factors Pressure In. of water In. Hg Mm Hg Mm Hg psi (60 0 F) (32 0 F) atmosphere (32 0 F) bar Kgf/cm 2 Pascal 1 = = = = = = = * * * ,066.5* Mass Lb (avoir.) Grain Ounce (avoir) Kg 1 =7000* =16* = * , Volume Cubic Inch Cubic foot gallon Litre Cubic metre (m) 1 = = = = * * * 61, Energy BTU ft*lb Calorie (cal) Joule (J) Watt-second (w*s) 1 = = = Density Lb /ft 3 Lb/gal g/cm 3 Kg/m 3 (g/l) 1 = = Specific ft 3 /lb Gal/ lb Cm 3 /g m 3 /kg(l/g) Volume 1 = = = Specific Heat BTU /lb* 0 F Cal/ (g*k) kj(kg*k) or Entropy 1 =1 =4.1868* * Enthalpy BTU /lb Cal /g J/g 1 = = 2.326* * Thermal BTU/h*ft* 0 F Cal / (s*m* 0 C) W /(m*k) Conductivity 1 = = Viscosity (absolute) 1 poise = 1 dyne=sec/cm 2 = C.a Pa*s = 1 g /(cm*s) poise lb * s/ ft 2 lb*h /ft 2 kg / (m*s) N*s / m 2 lbm /(ft*s) 1 = = = 0.1 = 0.1 = , ,723, , , , Coefficient of Heat Transfer BTU / h*ft 2 0 F cal / (s*cm 2 * 0 C) kcal / (h*m 2 * 0 C) W / (m 2 *K) 1 = = = 5, ,000 41,868* *

5 ISHRAE Handbook UNITS AND CONVERSIONS Table 10-T-14 : Temperature Converter Deg C Deg F Deg C Deg F Deg C Deg F C=5/9 (F-32) F=9/5(C)+32

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