mesuring ro referene points Trget point Pile Figure 1. Conventionl mesurement metho of the pile position In the pst reserh the uthors hve evelope Bum

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1 Development of New Metho for Mesurement of Centrl Ais of Clinril Strutures Using Totl Sttion Kzuhie Nkniw 1 Nouoshi Yuki Disuke Nishi 3 Proshhnk Dzinis 4 1 CEO KUMONOS Corportion Osk Jpn. Emil: nkniw09@knkou.o.jp Ph.D. Professor Division of Sustinle Energ n Environmentl Engineering Osk Universit Osk Jpn. Emil: uki@see.eng.osk-u..jp 3 Engineer Geosptil informtion tehnolog Division KUMONOS Corportion Osk Jpn. Emil: nishi@knkou.o.jp 4 Ph.D. Division Chief Interntionl Business Division KUMONOS Corportion Osk Jpn. Emil: ennis@knkou.o.jp Astrt: With onventionl metho mesurement of positions uring pile riving is performe mnull two inspetors using mesurement ros. The metho is inurte n ineffiient. A simple ross-hir retile is mounte in onventionl totl sttion wht mkes it iffiult to mesure trget without speil visile mrks on it. When mesuring linril struture with totl sttion it is hr to otin oorintes of entrl is ue to ompliit of ientifing its entrl line on the surfe. In prtiulr it hs een prolem for ur mngement in fountion piles riving s preision nnot e mintine effiientl ue to their linril shpes. In the pst reserh the uthors hve evelope Bum Sttion whih is totl sttion omprising uilt-in innovtive onentri irles retile n onor softwre whih utilizes metho for lultion of entrl oorintes of linril struture. However tht sstem h to pture the entire with of struture through its mgnifing lenses. Thus it i not llow to perform pproprite mesurements in se of insuffiient istne to the struture. This pper esries new metho for lultion of the entrl oorintes of linril strutures using Bum Sttion whih performs effetivel even if the mgnifing lens nnot pture the entire with of n ojet. In this metho one irle of the retile in Bum Sttion is set to either ege of struture. Then istne is performe. Coorintes of entrl is re lulte proessing the mesure t. The metho enles to preisel ientif entrl is of linril strutures suh s fountion piles regrless of the istne etween them n inspetor. Kewors: totl sttion linril struture entrl oorinte fountion pile. 1. INTRODUCTION With onventionl metho of position mesurement in pile riving visile mrks re ple on the trget to point out entrl is in orer to e le to ontrol the proess with lre fmilir surveing tehniques. However there is high proilit of the mrks eing lost in the proess thus two referene points re often ple in few meter istne w from the mrks. In the proess mesuring ros re use s shown in Figure 1. With purpose of ontrolling istne etween referene points n the pile n shifting the pile to the trgete lotion. However there is serious issue with the low ur Pile Driving Contrtors Assoition 007 s istne mesurement to referene points is onute onl t the phse of pile shifting lre uring orretion of its position s oppose to mesurement performe uring pile riving proess itself. Numerous works hve een performe on the sujet of preision inrese for pile riving proess. A long-istne position mesurement sstem for onstrution piles using Lser Rnge Finer LRF whih is sensor tht n mesure istne to surfes of ojets riting lser ems n reeiving the reflete ones ws introue Hung et l. 013; Inoue et.l This sstem estimtes entrl oorintes of the linril struture plurl oorintes otine using the LRF. However sine the LRF own preision is not high it is not suitle to hieve the require ur. A totl sttion TS is ommonl use for mesuring strutures Nikon 008. Two interseting lines lle ross-hirs re ple in the fous of the eepiee of n optil instrument to ssist fousing on trgets. All onventionl TS hve ross-hirs s retile so tht surveors lign them with the point to e mesure. Also TS hs uilt-in omputer to otin n reor the positionl oorintes of mesure points. However if there re no mrks epliitl showing points whih hve to e mesure it is too iffiult to lign rosshirs with those points. For emple surveors nnot urtel mesure the enter of linril strutures using onl ross-hirs. Tht is wh TS re rrel use to ontrol ur t onstrution sites for fountion piles riving. 1508

2 mesuring ro referene points Trget point Pile Figure 1. Conventionl mesurement metho of the pile position In the pst reserh the uthors hve evelope Bum Sttion Nkniw et l. 01; Nkniw et l. 013 whih is TS with uilt-in onentri irles retile in ition to eisting tritionl ross-hirs. This evelopment enles to perform vrious mesurements impossile until nows just justing guges with onentri irles to the visile mrks. Mesuring linril ojet it is possile to etet n iret TS to the entrl is n to lulte its oorintes overlpping one irle of the retile with oth eges of the struture. However in orer to e le to just onentri irles to the oth eges the sstem must pture n entire with of the struture in its mgnifing lenses. Suffiientl remote istne is require to hieve tht. However in overrowe with uilings spe-limite onstrution sites of urn res it hs prove iffiult to keep neessr istne from TS to piles so tht usge of onventionl Bum Sttion is limite in turn mking preise mesurements of piles entrl es iffiult. The urrent reserh is ime t retion of new metho of otining entrl oorintes of linril ojets mesuring onl one point on the surfe n without justing onentri irles to the oth eges. The ie is to mke it possile to otin neessr oorintes justing retile to either of the eges. This pper esries the proeure of entrl is oorintes lultion.. ABOUT BAUM STATION As shown in Figure Bum Sttion is TS with new retile omining onventionl ross-hirs n onentri irle guges. Rius of the smllest irle is 0.6 mm. Retile onsists of 14 onentri irles. Rii of the rest of them re inrese in 0.6 mm inrements n times n is n integer. Spe of 0.6 mm is hosen to inrese preision of mesurement for Lei Geosstem s TS onsiering 1:1000 proportion of with to istne. For emple from 100 meters the rius the ojet of the sme size s the first irle on the retile orrespons to 0.1 mm. Figure. The o n the retile of Bum Sttion Mesurements with Bum Sttion re performe setting it towr the ojet of inspetion n justing oth of the eges of retile irles to the sies of the ojet s shown in Figure 3. As horizontl istne in set iretion is equl to the istne of the struture surfe Bum Sttion enles entrl is oorintes lultion ing the rius of the struture to the mesure istne. Horizontl istne from TS to the struture is lulte from the istne n ngle etween the referene point with known oorintes n entrl line on the struture surfe. 1509

3 3. PROPOSED METHOD 3.1 Overview Figure 3. Setting the iretion to the entrl is with Bum Sttion Origin of view is t the intersetion of TS es t the point O s in Figure 4. Line p is n imginr line representing the iretion of view originting t point O n etening through the retile s ross-hirs. Line s is lso n imginr line whih represents the iretion of view originting t the sme point O ut etening through the ege of n of the onentri irles. As the rtio of with to istne per one onentri irle is onstnt viewing ngle forme etween imginr lines p n s woul e onstnt regrless the istne to the ojet. The ngle n e otine s in Eqution 1. Resulting ngulr perture for ll 14 onentri irles of the Bum Sttion retile is summrize in Tle 1. where n tn : viewing ngle forme etween imginr lines n : integer 1 s O p Intersetion of TS es Figure 4. Imginr etene lines of Bum Sttion Tle 1. Tle of ngulr pertures sujet to guge numer n Rius of irle mm Angle r

4 3. Derivtion of Formul Figure 5 shows pln view of the linril struture enter point O unknown oorintes n known rius r point A - position of TS mesure point B whih is otine rotting TS the ngle from the ege of the struture n mesuring istne. It is ssume in this proposl tht the pile stns vertill istne n ngle inite horizontl istne n horizontl ngle. The ie is tht shifting tngent line prllel towr enter on the istne of rius n reting irle with sme rius from the surfe of irle will let us otin oorintes of piles enter. If point A is onsiere s enter then stright line AC esrie Eqution 4 must e tngent line n point C is tngent on the pile otine from point B rotting the AB the ngle roun enter A n hving its respetive oorintes lulte in n 3. sin os os sin 3 4 where : oorintes of the instrument t point A : mesure oorintes t point B : lulte oorintes t point C Figure 5. Clultion metho of point C As shown in Figure 6 from point C we rete norml unit vetor u Eqution 5 to the line AC. Point D lies on the line perpeniulr to AC n is spe from C the rius of the pile see Equtions 6 n 7. 1 u 5 r 6 r 7 where : the lulte oorintes t point D 1511

5 Figure 6. Clultion metho of point D Equtions 6 n 7 llow to otin pir of oorintes for point D. Two imetrill opposite vrints of ireting the unit-vetor re possile. The iretion of point s D lotion is hosen ompring the istne etween D n B lulte in 8. The smllest vlue of two solutions woul point out the iretion towr the pile. 8 As in Figure 7 entrl point O n e otine t the intersetion of irle with enter t the mesure on the surfe point B with line prllel to tngent line ut pssing through the enter of the pile O. The rius r of the irle is lulte with 9. Line prllel to the tngent line is efine s in 10. Equtions 11 n 1 llow to otin entrl oorintes of the pile. k r kl 10 kl k k k 1 1 l l o 11 where : oorintes of pile s enter t point O o o k l o r k l 1 o 9 Figure 7. Clultion metho of point O 151

6 As irles interset twie two vlues of intersetion oorintes re proue. However the lrger vlue of istne etween A n intersetion point is use to istinguish the point representing the enter. The vlue of the istne is lulte with Eqution 13. o o 13 As hs een shown oorintes of the entrl is of pile n e erive using oorintes n vlues of the instrument mesurement point n rius of the pile the ngle etween mesurement point n one ege of the pile ll of whih re either known or n e lulte in its turn. 4. CONCLUSIONS This pper esries new metho propose to lulte oorintes on entrl is of linril ojet mesuring single point on the surfe justing onentri irles of Bum retile to one of the sies of the struture. Metho llows to erive entrl is oorintes of pile from the known vlues of instrument position oorintes of one point mesure on the surfe n ngulr perture. Therefore even in ses when in orer to pture its entire with it is impossile to seure suffiient istne etween Bum Sttion n the mesure ojet the neessr prmeters to lulte oorintes of entrl is n still e quire. In future reserh the esrie metho for mesurement is to e evolve into on-or softwre progrm for TS. Mesurement eperiments with tul equipment n verifition of ur is plnne. REFERENCES Hung X. Sski T. Hshimoto H. Inoue F. Zheng B. Msu T & Ikeuhi K An Aurte n Effiient Pile Driver Positioning Sstem Using Lser Rnge Finer. Avnes in Depth Imge Anlsis n Applitions Vol.7854 pp Inoue F. S. Doi K. Hung X. Tmur H. Sski T. L & Hshimoto H A Stu on Position Mesurement Sstem Using Lser Rnge Finer n Its Applition for Constrution Work. The 5th Interntionl Conferene on the Avne Mehtronis Nkniw K. Yuki N. Kitm T. & Mkizumi T. 01. Development of the onentri retile Bum for optil surveing instrument. Proeeings of the 14 th Interntionl Conferene on Computing in Civil n Builing Engineering Nkniw K. Yuki N. Kitm T. & Mkizumi T Development of Totl Sttion with Conentri Cirle Retile n Nvigtion Sstem for Pile Driving. Proeeings of the 30th Interntionl Smposium on Automtion n Rootis in Constrution n Mining Nikon Totl Sttion. Retrieve from Wesite: esse on Jnur Pile Driving Contrtors Assoition 007. Instlltion Speifition for Driven Piles PDCA Speifition

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