USTC 2011 Dec., 2011 ``DARK LIGHT HIGGS - A NEW PARADIGM FOR LIGHT DARK MATTER AND NONSTANDARD HIGGS PHYSICS. Tao Liu.

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1 USTC 2011 Dec., 2011 ``DARK LIGHT HIGGS - A NEW PARADIGM FOR LIGHT DARK MATTER AND NONSTANDARD HIGGS PHYSICS Tao Liu UC@ Santa Barbara

2 Why Higgs Mechanism? Two mysteries in the Electroweak (EW) theory : The cause of EW symmetry breaking The origin of quark and lepton masses Simultaneously explained by Higgs Mechanism -> The existence of a Higgs boson with a mass of the EW scale 2

3 Current Status for the SM Higgs Search at the LHC High mass region (> 130 GeV): WW, ZZ Low mass region (< 130 GeV): Di-photon High mass region: excluded at 2 sigma (in combination with indirect Higgs searches) Low mass region: will be covered soon. Question: if no SM Higgs boson is observed at the LHC in the near future, how to understand the Higgs mechanism from a theoretical perspective? 3

4 Non-standard Higgs Decay Nonstandard decay of the SM-like Higgs boson: -> particles absent in the SM It can suppress all standard decay modes Allows a light SM-like Higgs boson (<100 GeV) experimentally, a better fit to the precision EW measurements at the LEP and the Tevatron theoretically, improves the naturalness of the EW symmetry breaking. One example: R-symmetry limit in the Next-to-MSSM, with the SM-like Higgs boson dominantly decaying into a pair of light Higgs bosons [Dobrescu et al., Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001); Dermisek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005)] [LEP+Tevatron+LHC, 2011] 4

5 `` A supersymmetric scenario characterized by novel dark matter (DM) and nonstandard Higgs physics ArXiv: [hep-ph] (Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011)) ArXiv:11xx.xxxx[hep-ph] In collaboration with Draper (UC, Santa Cruz), Huang (UC, Irvine), Su (Arizona Univ.), Wagner (Univ. of Chicago/ANL), Wang (Univ. of Chicago) Yu (Fermi Lab), Zhang (ANL), 5

6 `` A supersymmetric scenario characterized by novel dark matter (DM) and nonstandard Higgs physics What is the `` Scenario Supersymmetric Light Dark Matter Non-standard Higgs Physics Conclusions 5

7 What is the `` Scenario Supersymmetric Light Dark Matter Non-standard Higgs Physics Conclusions 6

8 Supersymmetric Standard Model Challenges for the Standard Model (SM) -- hierarchy problem, electroweak symmetry breaking, DM candidate,... Supersymmetry is one of the most popular extensions of the SM: (1) Protects the Higgs mass from the quadratic divergence; (2) Explains the origin of the EW-symmetry breaking; (3) Unifies the strong and electroweak interactions at a GUT scale; (4) Provides a dark matter candidate. 7

9 Next-to-MSSM The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) suffers a notorious ``mu problem W MSSM = Y U QH u U c Y D QH d D c Y E LH d E c + µh u H d µ M EWSB Λ cutoff The NMSSM provides a dynamical solution, by introducing a singlet supermultiplet of the EW symmetry. W NMSSM = Y U QH u U c Y D QH d D c Y E LH d E c + λnh u H d κn3 µ = λn Once the scalar component obtains a VEV of the soft SUSY breaking scale, an EW-scale mu parameter is dynamically generated! 8

10 Two Approximate Global Symmetries in the NMSSM W NMSSM = Y U QH u U c Y D QH d D c Y E LH d E c + λnh u H d + 1 κ V soft = m 2 H d H d 2 + m 2 H u H u 2 + m 2 N N 2 (λa λ H u H d N +h.c.)+ 3 A 3 κn3 κn 3 +h.c. R-symmetry H u H u exp(iφ R ), H d H d exp(iφ R ), N N exp(iφ R ) Explicitly broken by trilinear soft terms in the Higgs sector. Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry H u H u exp(iφ PQ ), H d H d exp(iφ PQ ), N N exp( 2iφ PQ ) Explicitly broken by cubic term and its correspondent soft SUSY-breaking term in the Higgs sector. Three CP-even mass eigenstates (h1, h2, h3) and two CP-odd ones (a1, a2) 9 In the symmetry limits, ma1 << EW scale (pseudo - Goldstone boson)

11 Old Story Almost all studies so far were focused on the R-symmetry limit [Dobrescu et al., Phys. Rev. D 63 (2001); Dermisek et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005)] a1 is light << EW scale (pseudo - Goldstone boson); h1 is the ``SM-like Higgs boson (whose couplings to the SM gauge bosons are similar to the SM Higgs boson); h1 -> a1a1 is typically dominant, allowing h1 to be as light as below 100 GeV and hence relaxing the little hierarchy tension chi1 (dark matter candidate) is typically of the EW scale 10

12 What is the ``Dark Light-Higgs Scenario? Nearly PQ limit: kappa/lambda -> 0, A_kappa -> 0 + Moderate or small lambda: lambda < or ~ 0.3 [Draper, Liu, Wagner, Wang and Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011)] 11

13 Tree-level contribution Mass of the Lightest Higgs Scalar m 2 h 1 4ε 2 v 2 + 4λ2 v 2 tan 2 β + κa κµ λ + 4κ2 µ 2 λ 2 ε = λµ Aλ with m Z µ tan β 1 being a measure of the deviation of the soft parameter A_lambda from mu*tan_beta Loop correction m 2 h 1 λ2 µ 2 2π 2 log µ2 tan 3 β m 2 Z Vacuum stability (mh1^2 > 0) sets a small upper bound ε 2 max 1 4v 2 4λ 2 v 2 tan 2 β + κa κµ λ + 4κ2 µ 2 λ 2 + λ2 µ 2 2π 2 log µ2 tan 3 β m 3 Z mh1^2 is small! 12

14 Mass of the Lightest Higgs Scalar (cd.) (NMSSMTools MicrOMEGAS [Draper, Liu, Wagner, Wang and Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011)] 5 tan β 50, 0.05 λ 0.5, κ 0.05, 0.8 ε 0.8, 40GeV A κ 0, 0.1TeV µ 1TeV λ < 0.30, κ/λ < 0.05, µ < 400GeV λ < 0.15, κ/λ < 0.03, µ < 250GeV No point in the region with epsilon far away from 0 -- vacua are not stable! Blue and red points have a mass range ~ 10 GeV or below-- the ``DLH scenario. 13

15 A light CP-odd Higgs a1 m 2 a 1 3κA κµ λ A light lightest neutralino chi1 m χ1 λ2 v 2 µ sin 2β + 2κµ λ Lambda is not large, => h1, a1 and chi1 are singlet-like or singlino-like h2 is SM-like Mass of the Lightest Higgs Pseudoscalar and Neutralino h 2 h u + h d cot β 2εvm Z m 2 Z + µ2 h n Comparison: in the R-symmetry limit, h1 and chi1 are typically not light and h1 is SM-like 14

16 What is the `` Scenario Supersymmetric Light Dark Matter Non-standard Higgs Physics Conclusions 15

17 A Novel Supersymmetric Light DM Paradigm! [Xenon 100, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011)] MDM ~O(1-10) GeV Dark Light-Higgs Is there any SUSY benchmark scenario Recall: chi1 for is light of GeV dark order matter? - natural light DM candidate MDM ~O(100) GeV Benchmark scenario: MSSM LSP 16

18 A Novel Supersymmetric Light DM Paradigm! [Xenon 100, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011)] Dark Light-Higgs Recall: chi1 is of GeV order - natural light DM candidate MDM ~O(100) GeV Benchmark scenario: MSSM LSP 16

19 Spin-Independent Direct Detection χ 1 χ 1 h i N N A t-channel process is dominant in directdetection => xection be strongly enhanced by a small mh1 σ SI ε λ 0.1 mh1 1GeV 2 v yh1 χ 1 χ 1 µ cm 2 There exists a region (characterized by mh1 ~ 1 GeV) with sigma_si ~ 10^-40 cm^2 17

20 Relic Density In the thermal DM picture, the chi1 relic density depends on its (co) annihilation cross section. Usually annihilations into light Higgs bosons and the SM fermions can have important contributions. h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 suppressed κ 4 m 2 χ 1 f f h 1 a 1 suppressed f f κ 2 Y 2 b S 2 1dm 2 χ 1 (κ 2 Y 2 b P 2 1dm 2 χ 1 ) 18

21 Relic Density In the thermal DM picture, the chi1 relic density depends on its (co) annihilation cross section. Usually annihilations into light Higgs bosons and the SM fermions can have important contributions. h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 suppressed κ 4 m 2 χ 1 f f h 1 a 1 suppressed f f κ 2 Y 2 b S 2 1dm 2 χ 1 (κ 2 Y 2 b P 2 1dm 2 χ 1 ) 19

22 Relic Density In the thermal DM picture, the chi1 relic density depends on its (co) annihilation cross section. Usually annihilations into light Higgs bosons and the SM fermions can have important contributions. h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 suppressed κ 4 m 2 χ 1 f f h 1 a 1 suppressed f f κ 2 Y 2 b S 2 1dm 2 χ 1 (κ 2 Y 2 b P 2 1dm 2 χ 1 ) Breit - Wigner enhancement effect! -> Right relic density 19

23 Breit-Wigner Effect => Right Relic Density Thermal average of the LSP annihilation xection σ f f v χ1 3 y a 1 χ 1 χ 1 y a1 ff 2 (1 m 2 f /m2 χ 1 ) 1/2 32πm 2 χ 1 δ Relic dencisty Ωh m a1 15GeV Γ a 1 m a1 4m 2 χ 1 δ (1 v 2 χ 1 /4) 1 m 2 a 1 /(4m 2 χ 1 ) erfc 2mχ1 m a1 Γ a1 µ GeV v κ xf δ vχ λ /erfc(2.2) 2 Right relic density => δ vχ

24 Indirect Detection [O. Adriani etc., Nature Vol (2009); O. Adriani etc., Phys Rev Lett 105, (2010)] [Fermi LAT Collaboration, Phys Rev Lett 104, (2010)] s sr] 2 antiproton flux [GeV m AMS (M. Aguilar et al.) BESS-polar04 (K. Abe et al.) BESS1999 (Y. Asaoka et al.) BESS2000 (Y. Asaoka et al.) CAPRICE1998 (M. Boezio et al.) CAPRICE1994 (M. Boezio et al.) PAMELA kinetic energy [GeV]

25 No Strong Constraints from Cosmic Ray Exps. Bounds from indirect searches, e.g., Proton spectrum [Adriani et. al, Nature Vol (2009); Adriani et. al., Phys Rev Lett 105, (2010)]; gamma ray spectrum [Fermi LAT Collaboration, Phys Rev Lett 104, (2010)] σv today σv freezing out The Boltzmann distribution The Boltzmann distribution Early Universe dark matter b quark p thres DM Today dark matter 10 4 p thres b 10 7 p thres DM p GeV p GeV Red solid line: resonance region, where dark matter particles have a delta ~ 0, maximizing their annihilation 22

26 Numerical Results 0.09 Ωh [Draper, Liu, Wagner, Wang and Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011)] 0.05 λ 0.15, κ 0.005, ε 0.25, 30GeV A κ 15GeV, 5 tan β 50, 100GeV µ 250GeV All points have passed the current exp. bounds of flavor physics, meson decays, and collider exp. The blue points fall in a 3 sigma range of the observed relic density. Their Sigma_SI can be as large as above 10^{-40} cm^2 23

27 Why Is This Supersymmetric Light DM Scenario Special? ``One thing we know for sure: such large cross sections can not be realized within the MSSM, [Zurek, PCTS Workshop, ``Dark Matter: Direct Detection and Theoretical Developments, Princeton, Nov. 2010] ``If COGENT excess were caused by Dark Matter, we would know only one thing : Within the NMSSM, we would know that the Dark Matter is not singlino-like. The cross section is simply too small, [Ellwanger, Plenary Talk, SUSY 2010] ``After imposing LEP and B-physics constraints the lightest neutralino is always bino-like and elastic cross sections as large as required by CoGeNT and DAMA/LIBRA are not possible in the NMSSM., [Belikov, Gunion and Hooper, arxiv: [hep-ph]] 24

28 The War in Dark Matter World Changes the idea that supersymmetry is incompatible with a light (~ O(1) GeV) DM scenario characterized by a large xection of spin-independent direct-detection (10^{-40} cm^2), without violating current exp. bounds Provides a brand-new supersymmetric light DM paradigm accessible to the current direct detections and the ones in the near future 25

29 What is the `` Scenario Supersymmetric Light Dark Matter Non-standard Higgs Physics Conclusions 26

30 Searching for Light Higgs Pair Decays of SM-like Higgs Boson Motivated by the studies on the R- symmetry limit in the NMSSM e + e Z 0, γ A0 h 0 A 0 Z 0 c, g, τ c, g, τ + c, g, τ c, g, τ + ν, e +,µ + ν, e,µ e Feynman diagram for the processes co LEP searches: (1) (h -> aa)a -> 6b [Schael et al. [ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL Collaborations], Eur. Phys. J. C 47(2006); S. Schael et al. [ALEPH Collaboration]], JHEP 1005 (2010)); (2) Z-associated Higgs production, with Z leptonically decayed [Schael et al. [ALEPH Collaboration], JHEP 1005 (2010); Abbiendi et al. [The OPAL Collaboration], Eur. Phys. J. C 27, (2003)]. Tevatron searches: h_sm -> a1a1, h1h1 -> 4 mu, 2 mu 2 tau [Abazov et al. [D0 Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009)] h 2 h 1,a 1 h 1,a 1 µ, τ µ +, τ + µ µ + 27

31 Story in the DLH Scenario Such decays are kinematically allowed: h2 -> h1h1, a1a1 Leading-order couplings between h2 and h1h1, a1a1 are generically suppressed y h2 h 1 h 1 = y h2 a 1 a 1 = λvm Zε 2µ 28

32 Story in the DLH Scenario Such decays are kinematically allowed: h2 -> h1h1, a1a1 Leading-order couplings between h2 and h1h1, a1a1 are generically suppressed y h2 h 1 h 1 = y h2 a 1 a 1 = λvm Zε 2µ We convert the 2mu2tau constraints to 4mu constraints, using the relation BR(h 1 2τ) =BR(h 1 2µ) 2 3/2 m 1 4m 2 τ τ /m2 h 1 m µ 1 4m 2 µ /m2 h 1 28

33 Q1: How Does the SM-like Higgs Decay? (GeV) m χ h 2 χ χ 1 h 2 χ χ 1 h 2 χ χ dominant dominant dominant h 2 bb dominant (GeV) bb mode (red) becomes dominant sometimes, but not generic. If kinematically allowed, h2 tends to dominantly decay into chi1 + chi2 (green) Not very hard because chi1 is light! m h2 [In progress, Liu, Wagner, Wang and Zhang] h2 as light as below 100 GeV is allowed 29

34 Decay Topology of SM-like Higgs Boson χ h 2 χ ΜΜ On-shell resonance χ 2 h 1,a 1 f Br ΤΤ ΠΠ KK ΗΗ gg f m h1 GeV [Liu, Wagner, Wang and Zhang, in progress] Collider Signature A pair of soft, collimated leptons or quarks + MET + X 30

35 Q2: How to Search for the SM-like and the light Higgs Bosons? New non-standard Higgs decay => new search strategies required. Multiple possibilities for the searches of a SM-like Higgs boson - h2 production + h1, a1 decay [In progress, Liu, Huang, Su, Wagner, Wang and Yu] As a complementary way, search for h₁, a₁ directly in supersymmetric cascaded decays. [In progress, Liu, Su, Wagner and Wang] 31

36 Di-muon Mode at the 7 TeV LHC (Preliminary) σ (fb) 10 1 Signal Background [In progress, Liu, Huang, Su, Wagner, Wang and Yu] One example: pp -> W h2, W -> mu nu and h2 -> 2chi1 + h1, h1-> mu mu σ (fb) MET (GeV) Signal Background Dominant background: W + photon* Two useful cuts: (1) MET cut, (2) mass window cut Discovery is possible for 5 fb^-1 data at 7TeV LHC! m(µ + µ ) (GeV) 32

37 Di-tau and Di-bottom Analyses Much more challenging! [In progress, Liu, Huang, Su, Wagner, Wang and Yu] The standard approach to identify the jets fails for the di-tau and di-b: (1) soft (typically pt < 20 GeV) (2) collimated (typically delta_r < 0.4) Huge QCD background We devise the following strategy: Analyze events with h2 produced in association with (leptonic) Z boson Treat di-tau and di-b as a fat-jet => most jets can pass the basic jet selection cut, i.e., pt > 20 GeV The main backgrounds include Z + jets and ttbar + jets Z-mass window cut kills ttbar + jets MET requirement kills Z + jets Then jet substructure technique is applied to kill more Evidence is possible for ~30 fb^-1 data at the 14 TeV LHC! 33

38 What is the `` Scenario Supersymmetric Light Dark Matter Non-standard Higgs Physics Conclusions 34

39 Conclusions We present a new supersymmetric paradigm (DLH) for light DM and nonstandard Higgs physics The spin-independent direct detection xection of the light DM can be as large as 10^-40 cm^2 The SM-like Higgs boson can dominantly decay into chi1 + chi2 while its light Higgs pair decays are generically suppressed, which allows it to be as light as below 100 GeV Di-photon Higgs search loses its sensitivity in this scenario. New search strategies for the SM-like Higgs boson are needed. A comprehensive study is in progress 35

40 !ank y"!

41 LEP Bounds bb) 2 Br(h h 2 1 h 2 1 h dominant dominant dominant h 2 bb dominant h bb bound in NMSSMTools ) Br(h h 2 1 h 2 1 h dominant dominant dominant h 2 bb dominant h inv. bound in NMSSMTools m h2 (GeV) m h2 (GeV) 37

42 Higgs Boson Production and Decay in the SM Standard Model (SM) 38

43 Long List of Experimental Constraints Collider (LEP + Tevatron) (1) Direct searches for new particles at LEP; (2) Direct searches for new particles at the Tevatron; (3) Electroweak precision observables; (4) muon anomalous magnetic moment... Flavor physics and meson decay: (1) Constraints from B-system; (2) Constraints from K-system; (3) Constraints from charm system; (4) Upsilon decays... Cosmology: (1) Dark matter relic density; (2) Dark mater direct detection; (3) Dark matter indirect detection, cosmic rays; (4) Big bang nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation... 39

44 Quantitatively Description ``a denotes soft parameters and mu parameter at GUT scale (G. Kane and S. King, Phys.Lett.B451 (1999)) Preliminary figure. T.L., C. Wagner and Z. Hao. In progress R. Dermisek and J. Gunion, Phys.Rev.Lett.95 (2005) 40

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