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1 Prvided by TryEngineering - Lessn Fcus In this lessn, students build spinning tps ut f everyday materials. Their challenge is t design a spinning tp that can spin fr at least 10 secnds within a circle 30 cm in diameter. Lessn Synpsis The "Tinkering with Tps" lessn explres the histry, design and mtin f spinning tps. Students wrk in teams f "engineers" t design and build their wn tps ut f everyday items. They test their tps, evaluate their results, and present t the class. Age Levels 8-18 Objectives During this lessn, students will: Design and build a spinning tp Test and refine their designs Cmmunicate their design prcess and results Anticipated Learner Outcmes As a result f this lessn students will have: Designed and built a spinning tp Tested and refined their designs Cmmunicated their design prcess and results Lessn Activities Students wrk in teams t design and build their wn spinning tp ut f everyday materials. Their tp must be able t spin fr at least 10 secnds within an area 30 cm in diameter. Student teams review their wn designs, the designs f ther teams, and present their findings t the class. Resurces/Materials Teacher Resurce Dcuments (attached) Student Wrksheets (attached) Student Resurce Sheets (attached) Alignment t Curriculum Framewrks See attached curriculum alignment sheet. Tinkering with Tps Page 1 f 10

2 Internet Cnnectins Spinning Tp & Y-Y Museum ( TryEngineering () ITEA Standards fr Technlgical Literacy: Cntent fr the Study f Technlgy ( McREL Cmpendium f Standards and Benchmarks ( A cmpilatin f cntent standards fr K-12 curriculum in bth searchable and brwsable frmats. Natinal Science Educatin Standards ( Recmmended Reading Tps: Making the Universal Ty (ISBN: ) The Tp-Universal Ty, Enduring Pastime (ISBN: ) The Little Bk f Tps: Tricks, Lre, and Mre/Bk and Tp (ISBN ) Optinal Writing Activity Write a paragraph r essay describing hw engineering is applied in the ty industry. Tinkering with Tps Page 2 f 10

3 Fr Teachers: Alignment t Curriculum Framewrks Nte: All lessn plans in this series are aligned t the Natinal Science Educatin Standards which were prduced by the Natinal Research Cuncil and endrsed by the Natinal Science Teachers Assciatin, and if applicable, als t the Internatinal Technlgy Educatin Assciatin's Standards fr Technlgical Literacy r the Natinal Cuncil f Teachers f Mathematics' Principles and Standards fr Schl Mathematics. Natinal Science Educatin Standards Grades K-4 (ages 4-9) CONTENT STANDARD A: Science as Inquiry As a result f activities, all students shuld develp Abilities necessary t d scientific inquiry CONTENT STANDARD B: Physical Science As a result f the activities, all students shuld develp an understanding f Prperties f bjects and materials CONTENT STANDARD G: Histry and Nature f Science As a result f activities, all students shuld develp understanding f Science as a human endeavr Natinal Science Educatin Standards Grades 5-8 (ages 10-14) CONTENT STANDARD A: Science as Inquiry As a result f activities, all students shuld develp Abilities necessary t d scientific inquiry CONTENT STANDARD B: Physical Science As a result f their activities, all students shuld develp an understanding f Mtins and frces CONTENT STANDARD G: Histry and Nature f Science As a result f activities, all students shuld develp understanding f Histry f science Natinal Science Educatin Standards Grades 9-12 (ages 14-18) CONTENT STANDARD A: Science as Inquiry As a result f activities, all students shuld develp Abilities necessary t d scientific inquiry CONTENT STANDARD B: Physical Science As a result f their activities, all students shuld develp understanding f Mtins and frces CONTENT STANDARD E: Science and Technlgy As a result f activities, all students shuld develp Abilities f technlgical design Understandings abut science and technlgy Tinkering with Tps Page 3 f 10

4 Fr Teachers: Alignment t Curriculum Framewrks (cntinued) CONTENT STANDARD F: Science in Persnal and Scial Perspectives As a result f activities, all students shuld develp understanding f Science and technlgy in lcal, natinal, and glbal challenges CONTENT STANDARD G: Histry and Nature f Science As a result f activities, all students shuld develp understanding f Histrical perspectives Principles and Standards fr Schl Mathematics (ages 11-14) Measurement Standard -Apply apprpriate techniques, tls, and frmulas t determine measurements. slve simple prblems invlving rates and derived measurements fr such attributes as velcity and density. Principles and Standards fr Schl Mathematics (ages 14-18) Measurement Standard - Apply apprpriate techniques, tls, and frmulas t determine measurements. analyze precisin, accuracy, and apprximate errr in measurement situatins. Standards fr Technlgical Literacy - All Ages Design Standard 8: Students will develp an understanding f the attributes f design. Standard 9: Students will develp an understanding f engineering design. Standard 10: Students will develp an understanding f the rle f trubleshting, research and develpment, inventin and innvatin, and experimentatin in prblem slving. Tinkering with Tps Page 4 f 10

5 Fr Teachers: Teacher Resurces Lessn Gal The gal f this lessn is fr students t design their wn spinning tp that can spin fr at least 10 secnds within a circle 30 cm in diameter. Student teams design their spinning tps ut f everyday materials and then test their designs. Students then evaluate the effectiveness f their spinning tps and thse f ther teams, and present their findings t the class. Lessn Objectives During this lessn students will: Design and build a spinning tp Test and refine their designs Cmmunicate their design prcess and results Materials One set f materials fr each grup f students: sharpened pencils pens tthpicks cds cffee stirrers marbles paper plates plastic lids pennies metal washers tape string clay scissrs stpwatches ruler Prcedure 1. Shw students the varius Student Reference Sheets. These may be read in class, r prvided as reading material fr the prir night's hmewrk. 2. Divide students int grups f 2-3 students, prviding a set f materials per grup. 3. Explain that students must develp a spinning tp frm everyday items. The tp needs t spin fr at least 10 secnds within a circle that is 30 cm in diameter. Students can mark this area with tape r string n the flr. The tp that can spin the lngest within the circle is the winner. 4. Students meet and develp a plan fr their spinning tp. They agree n materials they will need, write r draw their plan, and then present their plan t the class. 5. Student teams may als trade unlimited materials with ther teams t develp their ideal parts list. 6. Student grups next execute their plans. They may need t rethink their plan, request ther materials, trade with ther teams, r start ver. 7. Next.teams will test their spinning tps. Their bject is t design a spinning tp that can spin fr at least 10 secnds within a 30 cm circle. 8. Teams then cmplete an evaluatin/reflectin wrksheet, and present their findings t the class. Time Needed One t tw 45 minute class perids Tinkering with Tps Page 5 f 10

6 Student Resurce: All abut Tps Histry f the Tp Tps have been in existence fr thusands f years. The first tp was mst likely a rck r acrn spun by a child. Tps have been used fr entertainment, gambling, r even spiritual purpses. Tps have been discvered thrughut histry all ver the wrld. Clay tps have been fund dating back t 3500 BC in the Middle East. Wden tps fund in Egypt are believed t date back t BC. Tps have been fund in Greece frm as early as 500 BC. In Rme, tps made f bne dating frm 27 BC have been discvered. Anatmy f a Tp A tp is made up f fur basic elements, the tip r pint, the shulder, the crwn and the bdy. The tp spins n its tip r pint. At the ppsite end f the tp is what is knwn as the crwn. The crwn is smetimes used t spin the tp using ne s fingers. Belw the crwn is what is knwn as the shulder. Between the shulder and the pint is the bdy f the tp. Tps can be made ut f all different kinds f materials such as clay, wd, ceramic, r plastic. Types f Tps There are many different varieties f tps. Twirling tp - A twirling tp is spun by manually twisting the crwn. A dreidel is a cmmn example f a twirling tp. Supprted tp A tp which is spun with a string while the tp is held upright by a supprt. Twirling tp Whip tp - A whip tp is set int mtin and kept spinning by whipping it with a whip. Thrwing tp - A thrwing tp has a string wrapped arund its bdy which is attached t a stick. When the tp is thrwn causing the string t be rapidly released frm its bdy, the tp spins. Thrwing tp Pump tp - A pump tp has a crwn that is pushed dwn r pumped several times t create the spin. Tinkering with Tps Page 6 f 10

7 Student Resurce: All abut Tps (cntinued) Here are a few science cncepts t keep in mind while yu are develping and testing yur spinning tp. Pump tp Energy Energy is the ability t d wrk. All frms f energy fall int tw basic categries: ptential energy and kinetic energy. Ptential energy is mechanical energy which is due t a bdy s psitin. It is als knwn as stred energy. A tp at rest has ptential energy. Kinetic energy is mechanical energy that is due t a bdy s mtin. When a tp is spun, whipped, r pumped its ptential energy is transfrmed int kinetic energy. Angular Mmentum Angular mmentum is a measure f the mtin f mass arund a center f rtatin. It is the prduct f the mass, velcity and radius f a rtating bdy. The frmula fr angular mmentum is: L = m x v x r Angular mmentum is cnserved unless acted n by an utside frce. The mass f the tp and the distributin f that mass affects the angular mmentum f the tp. A tp will slw dwn when it is acted n by the frces f frictin r gravity. These tw frces will eventually cause a tp t slw dwn, wbble and fall ver. Real Wrld Applicatins The mtin f spinning tps can help us understand the techniques used t rient satellites and prevent them frm wbbling in space. The tw primary methds fr rienting satellites include spin stabilizatin and three-axis stabilizatin. In spin stabilizatin, the satellite spins arund its axis like a tp, which keeps it stable and riented in a particular directin. Spin stabilizatin has been used in the design f several NASA spacecraft including the Pineer 10 and 11 spacecraft, the Lunar Prspectr, and the Galile Jupiter rbiter. In three axis stabilizatin, satellites are designed with small wheels that spin t keep them pinting in the right directin. These wheels either speed up r slw dwn t crrect the rientatin f the satellite. Three-axis stabilizatin was used in the design f Vyagers 1 and 2. Tinkering with Tps Page 7 f 10

8 Student Wrksheet: Design a Spinning Tp Yu are a team f engineers wh have been given the challenge t design a spinning tp ut f everyday items. The tp needs t be able t spin fr at least 10 secnds within a circle that is 30 cm in diameter. The tp that can spin the lngest in the circle is the winner. Planning Stage Meet as a team and discuss the prblem yu need t slve. Then develp and agree n a design fr yur spinning tp. Yu'll need t determine what materials yu want t use. Draw yur design in the bx belw, and be sure t indicate the descriptin and number f parts yu plan t use. Present yur design t the class. Design: Materials Needed: Yu may chse t revise yur teams' plan after yu receive feedback frm class. Cnstructin Phase Build yur tp. Tips: Yu may want t experiment with different quantities f weights and the placement f thse weights, as well as the distance between the bdy f the tp and the pint. During cnstructin yu may decide yu need additinal materials r that yur design needs t change. This is k just make a new sketch and revise yur materials list. Tinkering with Tps Page 8 f 10

9 Student Wrksheet: Design a Spinning Tp (cntinued) Testing Phase Each team will test their tp. Yu'll need t time yur test t make sure yur tp can spin fr at least 10 secnds within a circle that is 30 cm in diameter. Be sure t watch the tests f the ther teams and bserve hw their different designs wrked. Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Average Time Spun within 30 cm Circle Ttal Time Spun Evaluatin Phase Evaluate yur teams' results, cmplete the evaluatin wrksheet, and present yur findings t the class. Use this wrksheet t evaluate yur team's results in the Tinkering with Tps lessn: 1. Did yu succeed in creating a tp that spun fr at least 10 secnds within the 30 cm circle? If s, what was the maximum time it spun? If nt, why did it fail? 2. Did yu decide t revise yur riginal design r request additinal materials while in the cnstructin phase? Why? 3. Did yu negtiate any material trades with ther teams? Hw did that prcess wrk fr yu? Tinkering with Tps Page 9 f 10

10 Student Wrksheet: Design a Spinning Tp (cntinued) 4. If yu culd have had access t materials that were different than thse prvided, what wuld yur team have requested? Why? 5. D yu think that engineers have t adapt their riginal plans during the cnstructin f systems r prducts? Why might they? 6. If yu had t d it all ver again, hw wuld yur planned design change? Why? 7. What designs r methds did yu see ther teams try that yu thught wrked well? 8. D yu think yu wuld have been able t cmplete this prject easier if yu were wrking alne? Explain 9. Can yu devise a way t calculate the number f rtatins yur tp made in 10 secnds? If s hw? 10. Why d yu think the spinning tp has been such a universal ty? Tinkering with Tps Page 10 f 10