Measurement of heat transfer coefficients for polymer processing simulation
|
|
- Douglas Taylor
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Measurement of heat transfer coefficients for polymer processing simulation Polymeric Materials IAG Wednesday 12 March 2008 Angela Dawson, Martin Rides and Crispin Allen
2 Heat transfer coefficient Heat transfer coefficient is boundary condition for process simulation In injection moulding & compression moulding Polymer to metal Polymer-air-metal (GASM, shrinkage) In extrusion & film blowing Polymer to fluid (eg air or water) Apparatus built to measure heat transfer coefficient at mould/polymer interface and mould polymer/air interface in order to investigate the significance of different interfaces to commercial processing 2
3 Heat transfer apparatus (HTC) Loading (pressure) platform Adjustable screws to raise or lower upper (cold) plate Cold plate Specimen Hot plate 3
4 Heat transfer coefficient calculation h = q T 1 T 2 Heat transfer coefficient (h) across an interface is the heat flux per unit area (q) across an interface from one material of temperature T 1 to another material of temperature T 2 : h = heat transfer coefficient (Wm -2 K -1 ) q = heat flux at hot surface (W.m -2 ) T 1 = temperature on hot side of interface (K) T 2 = temperature on cold side of interface (K) 4
5 Thermal resistance calculation R= δt 1 = r i Q h = + i i l x l λ l For a multi-layer system with heat flow in the through-thickness direction: Total thermal resistance R (m².k.w -1 ) = sum of thermal resistances of the individual layers r l Where: h i is heat transfer coefficient at interfaces x l is thickness of layer λ l is thermal conductivity of layer 5
6 Thermal resistance of PMMA specimen (2 mm) without and with air gaps of varying thickness 0.06 Thermal resistance, (m^2.k)/w Cold plate Air gap Polymer specimen (2 mm) Hot plate Thickness of air gap, mm 6
7 Comparison of measured HTC coefficient across air gap with HTC predicted by λ air model 600 Heat transfer coefficient, W/(m^2.K) y = x -1 R 2 = Thickness of air gap, mm 7
8 Effect of errors on derived heat transfer coefficients Measured data Heat transfer coefficient, W/(m 2 K) HTC calculated using Equation Measured thermal resistance differences, arbitrary units 8
9 Thermal resistance of PMMA specimen (2 mm) without and with air gaps of varying thickness Thermal resistance, (m 2.K)/W Cold plate Air gap Polymer specimen (2 mm) Hot plate Thickness of air gap, mm R interface 9
10 Effect of an air gap on HTC measurements and repeatability of HTC measurement across a steel/air Interface Effect of air gap on thermal resistance quantified: air gap equivalent to polymer of 6.6 x thickness Experimental data shows a rapid decrease in heat transfer coefficient across the air gap is observed as thickness of the air gap increases. Good correlation with heat transfer coefficient values obtained from calculations based on the thermal conductivity of air. Heat transfer coefficient data could be used to provide more accurate modelling data for polymer processing and product design 10
11 Thermal conductivity and diffusivity intercomparison in support of the development of ISO Parts 1 to 4 Plastics - Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity
12 Plastics thermal conductivity standards ISO TC61 SC5 WG8 Thermal Properties ISO Plastics Determination of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity ISO/CD Part 1: General principles ISO/DIS Part 2: Transient plane source hot-disc method (Gustafsson method) ISO/DIS Part 3: Temperature wave analysis method ISO/DIS Part 4: Laser flash method 12
13 Plastics thermal conductivity standards Potential proposal to develop Line Source Method for Thermal Conductivity as part of ISO series Method currently standardized as: ASTM D , Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Plastics by Means of a Transient Line-Source Technique However this does not make provision for: effect of applying pressure to minimize measurement scatter, and effect of pressure on thermal conductivity inadequate calibration procedure over-simplified analysis of data Your support?. Other methods? 13
14 Plastics thermal conductivity standards - intercomparison Intercomparison of thermal conductivity methods Carried out in support of standardisation activity Repeatability / reproducibility of methods was unknown To cover transient methods - but not excluding steady state methods Results to help prepare precision statement for ISO series Led by NPL/Japan 14
15 Thermal conductivity and diffusivity intercomparison outline Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity Initial study involved project leaders Two grades of PMMA studied: one supplied through NPL and the other from Sumitomo Chemical (Sumipex) Various measurement techniques used in round robin study: Temperature wave analysis method Transient plane source hot-disc method (Hot Disk) Laser flash method Transient line source probe Guarded Hot plate / heat flow meter 15
16 Summary of thermal conductivity and diffusivity methods Method Thermal conductivity / diffusivity Nominal specimen thickness, mm Hot Disk λ, α, (Cp) 2, 3 Temperature wave analysis Laser flash (cast PMMA) only) Speci men size, mm φ 5; φ 10 α x 5 α 2 Disk Pretreatment silver paint (30 µm) sputtered graphite moulded Uncertainty estimate (95% confidence level) λ: 2% - 5% α: 5% - 10 % (repeatability 1% - 2%) 5% (repeatability < 1%) Laser flash α 1.14 cast, 3% - 5% Disk 1.49 extrude (repeatability < 1%) Transient linesource probe situ in-situ moulded in- λ (repeatability 3% - 6%) Heat flow meter λ 2, 3 5% Heat flow meter λ 2, 3 φ 80 (repeatability 3%) 8% 16
17 Thermal conductivity of the cast PMMA measured by line-source probe, Hot Disk and heat flux meter methods Cast PMMA Thermal conductivity, W/(m.K) HFmeter_Sumipex_Lobo_conductivity LS_Sumipex_Lobo_cooling, TC LS_Sumi_Lobo_heating, TC Hotdisk_Sumipex_conductivity HFmeter_NPL_Sumipex Temperature, C 17
18 Thermal diffusivity of the cast PMMA measured by Hot Disk, laser flash and temperature wave analysis methods Thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s 1.4E E E E E E E-08 Cast PMMA TWA_meas LF_LNE_Sumipex_diffusivity1 LF_LNE_Sumipex_diffusivity2 LF_Lobo_Sumipex_diffusivity Hotdisk_Sumipex_diffusivity 7.0E E Temperature, C 18
19 Thermal conductivity of extruded PMMA measured by line-source probe, Hot Disk and heat flux meter methods 0.25 Extruded PMMA Thermal conductivity, W/(m.K) Hotdisk_AAJHF_conductivity HFmeter_NPL_AAJHF_conductivity Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_conductivity_heating-sheet Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_conductivity_cooling-sheet 'PMMA-AAJHF001 (line source - cooling scan) pellets PMMA-AAJHF001 (line source - heating) pellets Temperature, C 19
20 Thermal diffusivity of extruded PMMA measured by Hot Disk, laser flash and temperature wave analysis methods 1.2E-07 Extruded PMMA 1.0E-07 Thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s 8.0E E E E-08 TWA_AAJHF_diffusivity LF_Lobo_AAJHF_diffusivity Hotdisk_AAJHF_diffusivity 0.0E Temperature, C 20
21 Thermal conductivity thermal diffusivity conversion Thermal conductivity λ can be calculated from thermal diffusivity α, and vice-versa, given the specific heat capacity C p and density ρ of the sample at the same temperature using: λ = ρ C p α 21
22 Specific heat capacity, Cp, of the cast PMMA measured by DSC % tolerance bars on mean values Cast PMMA Specific heat capacity, J/(g.K) Temperature, C AAJH M001 Sample AAJH M001 sample AAJH M001 sample NPL Average specific heat capacity, J/(g.K) Lobo Hay / SUMIPEX 000 lot mean Cp (HD calc) 22
23 Density of the cast PMMA: Archimedes and dimensions & weight methods 1200 Cast PMMA 1190 Density, kg/m Hay / SUMIPEX 000 lot Hay 23C / SUMIPEX 000 lot Lobo Sumipex 000 Lot C AAJH M001 NPL AAJH M001, NPL NPL dimensions mean (+/- 1% for 95% confidence level) y = E-03x E-01x E Temperature, C 23
24 Specific heat capacity, Cp, of extruded PMMA measured by DSC 2.5 Extruded PMMA Specific heat capacity, J/(g.K) % tolerance bars on mean values Lobo NPL ref Average specific heat capacity, J/(g.K) NPL ref 14-17, Cp, AAJHF002 Mean Cp (HD calc) Temperature, C 24
25 Thermal conductivity of cast PMMA: measured - heat flux meter, line-source probe, Hot Disk; calculated from - laser flash, temperature wave analysis, Hot Disk Cast PMMA Thermal conductivity, W/(m.K) HFmeter_Sumipex_Lobo_conductivity LS_Sumipex_Lobo_cooling, TC LS_Sumi_Lobo_heating, TC Hotdisk_Sumipex_conductivity HFmeter_NPL_Sumipex TWA cond_calc LF_LNE_Sumipex_ cond_1 _calc LF_LNE_Sumipex_ cond2_calc LF_Lobo_Sumipex_ conductivity_calc Hotdisk_Sumipex_diffusivity calc cond HD Axial Therm cond _calc_prev Temperature, C 25
26 Thermal diffusivity of cast PMMA: measured - Hot Disk, laser flash, temperature wave analysis; calculated from - Hot Disk, heat flux meter line-source probe Thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s 1.5E E E E E E E E-08 Cast PMMA TWA_meas LF_LNE_Sumipex_diffusivity1 LF_LNE_Sumipex_diffusivity2 LF_Lobo_Sumipex_diffusivity Hotdisk_Sumipex_diffusivity Hotdisk_Sumipex_conductivity calc diff LS_Sumipex_HL_cooling, TC diffusivity_calc LS_Sumi_HL_heating TC diffusivity_calc HFmeter_NPL_Sumipex thermal diffusivity_calc HFmeter_Sumi_HL_conductivity diffusivity_calc HD_Sumipex_axial _diffusivity_prev. HD_Sumipex_radial_diffusivity_prev. HD axial Diff_calc_prev. HD radial Diff_calc_prev. 7.0E E Temperature, C 26
27 Thermal conductivity of the extruded PMMA: measured - line-source probe, Hot Disk and heat flux meter; calculated from - laser flash, temperature wave analysis, Hot Disk 0.25 Extruded PMMA Thermal conductivity, W/(m.K) Hotdisk_AAJHF_conductivity HFmeter_NPL_AAJHF_conductivity Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_conductivity_heating-sheet Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_conductivity_cooling-sheet 'PMMA-AAJHF001 (line source - cooling scan) pellets PMMA-AAJHF001 (line source - heating) pellets TWA_AAJHF_cond_calc LF_Lobo_AAJHF_cond_calc Hotdisk_AAJHF_cond_calc Temperature, C 27
28 Thermal diffusivity of extruded PMMA: measured - Hot Disk, laser flash, temperature wave analysis; calculated from - Hot Disk, heat flow meter, line-source probe 1.4E-07 Extruded PMMA 1.2E-07 Thermal diffusivity, m 2 /s 1.0E E E E E-08 TWA_AAJHF_diffusivity LF_Lobo_AAJHF_diffusivity Hotdisk_AAJHF_diffusivity Hotdisk_AAJHF_diffusivity_calc Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_cooling_diff calc-sheet Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_heating_diff calc-sheet Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_cooling_diff calc-pellets Linesource_Lobo_AAJHF_heating_diff calc-pellets HFmeter_NPL_AAJHF_diffusivity_calc 0.0E Temperature, C 28
29 Intercomparison summary Good agreement obtained between methods and between thermal conductivity and diffusivity values. The reproducibility of C p estimated at ± 10% (95% confidence level). The reproducibility of density estimated at ± 1% (95% confidence level). Thermal conductivity and diffusivity values estimated to be within approximately ± 10% of mean value. 29
30 Differential scanning calorimetry standards ISO TC61 SC5 WG8 Thermal Properties ISO Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ISO : 1997 Part 1: General principles (being revised) ISO : 1999 Part 2: Determination of glass transition temperature ISO : 1999 Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization ISO : 2005 Part 4: Determination of specific heat capacity ISO : 1999 Part 5: Determination of characteristic reaction-curve temperatures and times, enthalpy of reaction and degree of conversion ISO : 2002 Part 6: Determination of oxidation induction time ISO : 2002 Part 7: Determination of crystallization kinetics 30
31 PPS 2008 Conference and NPL Report THE MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AMORPHOUS POLYMERS ABOVE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE A. Dawson, M. Rides and C.R.G. Allen Modelling is used to predict cooling times during the injection moulding cycle and to reduce them through improvements in mould design leading to shorter cycle times. For these models to be reliable the data input into the model have to be accurate. Polymers have low thermal conductivities and because of this, heat transfer data are key to predicting accurate cycle times. The thermal conductivity behaviour of amorphous polymers at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) is not well described. In the literature, different experimental techniques produce data, nominally for the same polymer, describing conflicting trends in thermal conductivity behaviour above the Tg. A novel measurement instrument, the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) apparatus, has been designed and built in order to attempt to resolve the measurement issues for thermal conductivity of amorphous polymers above Tg. The repeatability of thermal conductivity for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) tested at a set temperature of 60 C was determined as 3.0 % (2 standard deviations). The value compares with a repeatability of 8 % (2 standard deviations) for the line-source probe technique. For PMMA at 60 C, the mean thermal conductivity value of W/(m.K) compares with an accepted standard value for the specimen of W/(m.K) differing from the known specimen value by 1.6 %. Therefore, the HTC instrument could be used to establish reliable thermal conductivity data for modelling predictions of cooling time during the injection moulding of amorphous polymers. The thermal conductivities for both polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) were measured from 53 C to 180 C and showed an increase in thermal conductivity with temperature above the Tg. This trend is in agreement with line source probe technique data. A model predicting increasing thermal conductivity with increasing temperature above Tg was reviewed. 31
32 PPS 2008 Conference INTERCOMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENTS OF POLYMERS Martin Rides, Junko Morikawa, Lars Hälldahl, Bruno Hay, Hubert Lobo, Angela Dawson Abstract Heat transport properties data on plastics are essential for the design of many plastics products. Such data are essential for process design where reliable data are required, for example, to minimise warpage and internal stresses in injection moulding. Transient methods are particularly suited for measuring heat transport properties of polymers at elevated temperatures due to their relatively short test duration, compared with steady-state methods, thereby reducing problems associated with specimen degradation. An intercomparison on the measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples using both transient and steady-state techniques has been carried out to quantify the precision of such data. The methods used in the intercomparison include the transient plane heat source (Hot Disk ), temperature wave analysis, laser flash, line source probe and heat flow meter. Results indicate a variation in measured values of approximately ± 10%. 32
33 Scientific journal accepted for publication POLYMER MOULD INTERFACE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS FOR POLYMER PROCESSING A. Dawson, M. Rides, C.R.G. Allen and J.M. Urquhart ABSTRACT Reliable process and product design for plastics through simulation requires reliable heat transfer properties data. The thermal contact resistance of interfaces can have a significant influence in simulation predictions, in particular for micro-moulding, yet the availability of data is limited. Furthermore, the formation of air gaps forming at the polymer-wall interface due to shrinkage of the polymer on cooling are not adequately modelled in process simulations. To address these issues an instrument has been developed for measuring the thermal contact resistance of interfaces relevant to polymer processing, in particular for injection moulding. It has been used to quantify the thermal resistance of the polymer-mould interface and also that of air gaps introduced between the mould surface and the polymer, thereby representing the interfaces occurring in injection moulding. Heat transfer coefficients (HTC) across a polymer-steel interface were measured to be of the order of 7000 W/(m 2 K). The thermal contact resistance of the polymer-air-steel interface were in reasonable agreement with predictions assuming heat transfer across an air gap based on thermal conduction through air. 33
34 Scientific journal & ISO Technical Report INTERCOMPARISON OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY METHODS FOR PLASTICS Martin Rides, Junko Morikawa, Lars Halldahl, Bruno Hay, Hubert Lobo, Angela Dawson and Crispin Allen Abstract An intercomparison of measurements of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of two poly(methyl methacrylates) is reported. A wide variety of methods were used: temperature wave analysis, laser flash, transient plane source (Hot Disk), transient line-source probe, and heat flux meter methods. Very good agreement of thermal conductivity results, and separately of thermal diffusivity results, were obtained. Similarly, good agreement between thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity results, when converted using specific heat capacity and density values, was also obtained. Typically, the values were within approximately ± 10% of the mean value, or better. Considering the significant differences between methods and the requirements on specimen thicknesses, the level of agreement was considered to be good. 34
35 Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry April 2008, Teddington, UK Ensuring Accuracy and Relevance The TAC series of conferences are a specialist annual event on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. The Conference brings together scientists, technologists, metrologists and industry specialists to discuss issues and developments in measurements related to thermal analytical techniques. Thermal analysis and calorimetry are being applied across a wide range of industries from aerospace and petroleum engineering to medicine and packaging. The increasing role of thermal analytical techniques not only provides opportunities, but also measurement challenges, which need to be solved. The 2008 meeting will consist of invited and contributed papers and will focus on the metrology aspects while including the techniques and latest applications to ensure data are correct, traceable and fit for purpose. Contributions are sought on all experimental and theoretical aspects of measurements in thermal analysis and calorimetry. 35
36 Acknowledgements This research was carried out as part of a programme of underpinning research funded by the Department of Innovation, Universities and Science (DIUS), United Kingdom ISO TC61 SC5 WG9 members 36
Heat Transfer in Polymers
Heat Transfer in Polymers Angela Dawson, Martin Rides, Crispin Allen 18 April 2007 Heat Transfer in Polymers - Summary Introduction Heat Transfer Coefficients Standards for Thermal Properties Measurement
More informationPolymer Testing 28 (2009) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Polymer Testing. journal homepage:
Polymer Testing 28 (2009) 480 489 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Polymer Testing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/polytest Test Method Intercomparison of thermal conductivity and thermal
More informationHeat Transfer in Polymers
Heat Transfer in Polymers Martin Rides, Angela Dawson 27 April 2005 Heat Transfer in Polymers - summary Introduction Heat Transfer Coefficient Thermal Conductivity Thermal Imaging Industrial Demonstrations
More informationHeat Transfer in Polymers
Industrial Advisory Group Heat Transfer in Polymers Chris Brown Date: October 16 th 2003 Introduction: why heat transfer in polymers? To help enhance productivity Faster heat transfer means better equipment
More informationThe Characterization of Thermal Interface Materials using Thermal Conductivity for Within Sample and Batch to Batch Variation Analysis
The Characterization of Thermal Interface s using Thermal Conductivity for Within Sample and Batch to Batch Variation Analysis Raymond Qiu, Karina Schmidt, Adam Harris and Gareth Chaplin* *Manager, Application
More informationNPL Report DEPC-MPR 001 The Effect of Uncertainty in Heat Transfer Data on The Simulation of Polymer Processing
The Effect of Uncertainty in Heat Transfer Data on The Simulation of Polymer Processing J. M. Urquhart and C. S. Brown April 2004 Crown copyright 2004 Reproduced by permission of the Controller of HMSO
More informationThermal Interface Material Performance Measurement
Thermal Interface Material Performance Measurement Long Win Science & Technology Co., Ltd. www.longwin.com longwin@longwin.com 886-3-4643221 886-3-4986875 2007/07/16 Contents 1. Introduction Heat Transfer
More informationDEPC-MPR-043 Prediction of the Impact Performance of Plastics Mouldings, G D Dean and L E Crocker.
NPL Reports DEPC-MPR-043 Prediction of the Impact Performance of Plastics Mouldings, G D Dean and L E Crocker. DEPC-MPR 041 - The Effect of Pressure on the Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Melts, A Dawson,
More informationMEASUREMENT OF THE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS
HEAT008 6 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, luid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 30 June to July 008 Pretoria, South Africa Paper number: LC1 MEASUREMENT O THE THERMAL DIUSIVITY O BUILDING MATERIALS
More informationMaterial Testing Overview (THERMOPLASTICS)
Material Testing Overview (THERMOPLASTICS) Table of Contents Thermal Conductivity... 3 Specific Heat... 4 Transition Temperature and Ejection Temperature... 5 Shear Viscosity... 7 Pressure-Volume-Temperature
More informationIntercomparison of Measurements of the Thermophysical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate 1
International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 25, No. 5, September 2004 ( 2004) Intercomparison of Measurements of the Thermophysical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate 1 S. Rudtsch 2 and U. Hammerschmidt
More informationC-Therm TCi Principles of Operation Introduction
Fax: (506) 454-70 C-Therm TCi Principles of Operation Introduction The third generation of the technology expands the capabilities of this rapid, non-destructive testing instrumentation originally developed
More informationPlastics Testing and Characterization Industrial Applications
Alberto Naranjo C., Maria del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Rojan, Juan Diego Sierra M. Plastics Testing and Characterization Industrial Applications ISBN-10: 3-446-41315-4 ISBN-13: 978-3-446-41315-3
More informationTHE MATRIX: EVOLUTIONS II
THE MATRIX: EVOLUTIONS II Pearl Sullivan Composites and Adhesives Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Waterloo IPR 28 th Annual Symposium, 16 May 2006 Scope: Multi-scale Analyses Atomic/Nanoscale
More informationLFA for Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of Metals, Ceramics and Polymers
Analyzing & Testing Business Unit LFA for Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of Metals, Ceramics and Polymers Ramón Arauz Lombardia, Service & Applications NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Branch Office Barcelona,
More information5. AN INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING PHYSICS
5. AN INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING PHYSICS P. Wouters, S. Martin ABSTRACT This chapter places the System Identification Competition in a broader context of evaluating the thermal performances of building components.
More informationEffusivity is defined as the square root of the product of thermal conductivity, k, density,
Pg of 8 Mathis TCi Principles of Operation Introduction The third generation of Mathis technology expands the capabilities of this rapid, nondestructive testing instrument to a whole new level. Designed
More informationProject PAJ2 Dynamic Performance of Adhesively Bonded Joints. Report No. 3 August Proposed Draft for the Revision of ISO
NPL Report CMMT(A)81 Project PAJ2 Dynamic Performance of Adhesively Bonded Joints Report No. 3 August 1997 Proposed Draft for the Revision of ISO 11003-2 Adhesives - Determination of Shear Behaviour of
More informationImproved Approximations in Thermal Properties for Single Screw Extrusion
Improved Approximations in Thermal Properties for Single Screw Extrusion Modified on Friday, 01 May 2015 11:49 PM by mpieler Categorized as: Paper of the Month Improved Approximations in Thermal Properties
More informationHigh Pressure DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
High Pressure DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter Introduction The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is the most popular thermal analysis technique to measure endothermic and exothermic transitions
More informationHome-built Apparatus for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Glass and Polymer Materials
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1657 2014 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/opl.2014. 375 Home-built Apparatus for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Glass and Polymer Materials William R. Heffner
More informationGB/T / ISO 527-1:1993
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB/T1040.1-2006 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 83.080.01 G 31 GB/T 1040.1-2006 / ISO
More informationBETTER DESIGN AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE LASER POWER MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION
BETTER DESIGN AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE LASER POWER MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTATION Luigi Argenti, Andrea Brinciotti, Flavio Ferretti - Laserpoint s.r.l.- Vimodrone Italy New challenges from High Brightness
More informationLaserComp, Inc., DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT
LaserComp, Inc., 2001-2004 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT The FOX50 instrument consists of the parallel round plates assembly with guard insulation cylinders, and a body where all electronics is contained
More informationUncertainty Workshop: Overview of uncertainty factors in HTGHPs
Uncertainty Workshop: Overview of uncertainty factors in HTGHPs EMRP Final Stakeholder Meeting NPL, Teddington, United Kingdom 1 DIN/EU Standards for GHPs ISO 830:1991 Thermal insulation Determination
More information5.5. Calibration and Test Procedures
5.5. Calibration and Test Procedures - List of Calibration Procedures 1. C-18-010-2000, Calibration procedure of melting point measuring apparatus 2. C-18-011-2000, Calibration procedure of calorimeter
More informationStandard Guide for Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation 1
Designation: C 653 97 Standard Guide for Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 653; the number
More informationAM11: Diagnostics for Measuring and Modelling Dispersion in Nanoparticulate Reinforced Polymers. Polymers: Multiscale Properties.
AM11: Diagnostics for Measuring and Modelling Dispersion in Nanoparticulate Reinforced Polymers Polymers: Multiscale Properties 8 November 2007 Aims Provide diagnostic tools for quantitative measurement
More informationThermal characteristic evaluation system to evaluate. heat transfer characteristics of mounted materials
Technology Report Thermal characteristic evaluation system to evaluate heat transfer characteristics of mounted materials Takuya Hirata, Hirokazu Tanaka ESPEC CORP., Technology Development Division T he
More informationSIB 52 - THERMO Stakeholder meeting May 16
SIB 52 - THERMO Stakeholder meeting May 16 Metrology for thermal protection materials Challenges in thermal conductivity measurements of thin (multi-layered) thermal insulation materials Laboratoire national
More informationOn the possibilities of application of thermal wave methods for standardized measurement of thermal diffusivity
13 TH Winter Workshop on PA & TWM, Wisła 008 On the possibilities of application of thermal wave methods for standardized measurement of thermal diffusivity Jerzy Bodzenta, Jacek Mazur *, Barbara Pustelny
More informationMeasurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique
Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 2184 2191 www.elsevier.com/locate/apthermeng Measurements of thermal properties of insulation materials by using transient plane source technique Saleh A. Al-Ajlan
More informationPlastics Testing and Characterization Industrial Applications
Alberto Naranjo C., Maria del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Rojan, Juan Diego Sierra M. Plastics Testing and Characterization Industrial Applications ISBN-10: 3-446-41315-4 ISBN-13: 978-3-446-41315-3
More informationFACILITY FOR HEAT TRANSFER MEASUREMENT FOR SATELLITE PROGRAMME
FACILITY FOR HEAT TRANSFER MEASUREMENT FOR SATELLITE PROGRAMME P. P. GUPTA THERMAL SYSTEMS GROUP ISRO SATELLITE CENTRE BANGALORE - 560017 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC TO SATELLITE PROGRAMME
More informationREPORT NUMBER: MID-001 ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE: April 22, 2016 REVISED DATE: NA. EVALUATION CENTER Intertek 8431 Murphy Drive Middleton, WI 53562
REPORT NUMBER: 102550917MID-001 ORIGINAL ISSUE DATE: April 22, 2016 REVISED DATE: NA TEST REPORT EVALUATION CENTER Intertek 8431 Murphy Drive Middleton, WI 53562 RENDERED TO Cali Bamboo 6675 Mesa Ridge
More informationDetermination of installed thermal resistance into a roof of TRISO-SUPER 12 BOOST R
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF KAUNAS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF BUILDING PHYSICS Notified Body number: 2018 TEST REPORT No. 037-10/11(C) SF/15 Date: 26 of November 2015 page
More informationStandard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation 1
Designation: D 1039 94 (Reapproved 1999) e1 An American National Standard Standard Test Methods for Glass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation
More informationGood practice guide containing experimental results and recommendations for the selection, preparation and calibration of the temperature sensors
Good practice guide containing experimental results and recommendations for the selection, preparation and calibration of the temperature sensors 1. Scope... 2 2. Introduction... 2 3. Selection of thermocouples
More informationThermal Interface Materials (TIMs) for IC Cooling. Percy Chinoy
Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) for IC Cooling Percy Chinoy March 19, 2008 Outline Thermal Impedance Interfacial Contact Resistance Polymer TIM Product Platforms TIM Design TIM Trends Summary 2 PARKER
More informationIntroduction to Blackbody Sources
Introduction to s This section contains dedicated blackbody sources for low uncertainty calibration of infrared thermometers. A range of portable primary blackbody sources combine high emissivity with
More informationFinite Element Modeling of Ultrasonic Transducers for Polymer Characterization
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan Finite Element Modeling of Ultrasonic Transducers for Polymer Characterization Serena De Paolis *, Francesca Lionetto and Alfonso Maffezzoli
More informationTHEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF MODULATED TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMING TO THERMOMECHANICAL TECHNIQUES
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-EIGTH CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN THERMAL ANALYSIS SOCIETY, OCTOBER 4-6, 2000, ORLANDO, FLORIDA THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF MODULATED TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMING TO THERMOMECHANICAL
More informationMechanical Shock Testing for LIGA Materials Characterization
Mechanical Shock Testing for LIGA Materials Characterization Vesta I. Bateman Alfredo M. Morales Principal Member of Technical Staff Sandia National Laboratories* P.O. Box 58, MS553 Albuquerque, NM 87185-553
More informationHFM 100 Series. Thermal Conductivity Meter for measurement of insulation and construction materials.
HFM 100 Series Conforms to International Standards ASTM C518, ISO 8301, and EN 12667 Thermal Conductivity Meter for measurement of insulation and construction materials. Hot Disk TPS -160 to 1000 C HFM
More informationStandard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load 1
Designation: D 3045 92 (Reapproved 2003) Standard Practice for Heat Aging of Plastics Without Load 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3045; the number immediately following the designation
More informationThermal Methods of Analysis Theory, General Techniques and Applications. Prof. Tarek A. Fayed
Thermal Methods of Analysis Theory, General Techniques and Applications Prof. Tarek A. Fayed 1- General introduction and theory: Thermal analysis (TA) is a group of physical techniques in which the chemical
More informationStandard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique 1
Designation: D 6744 01 An American National Standard Standard Test Method for Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Anode Carbons by the Guarded Heat Flow Meter Technique 1 This standard is issued
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 4: Determination of specific heat capacity
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11357-4 First edition 2005-09-15 Plastics Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Part 4: Determination of specific heat capacity Plastiques Analyse calorimétrique différentielle
More informationMeasurement of the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Long Fiber Composites by Inverse Analysis
Open Journal of Composite Materials, 2017, 7, 85-98 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojcm ISSN Online: 2164-5655 ISSN Print: 2164-5612 Measurement of the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Long Fiber Composites
More informationVincent Barraud SOPREMA BASICS OF THERMAL INSULATION
Vincent Barraud SOPREMA BASICS OF THERMAL INSULATION Summary Part 1 - What is thermal conductivity? Part 2 - How the thermal conductivity is measured? Part 3 How to certify a lambda value? Part 1 - What
More informationChapter 31. Thermal Methods
Chapter 31. Thermal Methods Thermal analysis: Physical property of a substance or its reaction products is measured as a function of temperature. * TGA: Thermogravimetric Analysis ( 熱重分析法 ) * DTA: Differential
More informationCorrections for Thermal Expansion in Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Insulations Using the High-Temperature Guarded Hot-Plate Method
Int J Thermophys (2012) 33:330 341 DOI 10.1007/s10765-011-1144-2 Corrections for Thermal Expansion in Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Insulations Using the High-Temperature Guarded Hot-Plate Method
More informationTherm (TC30. Solid, Versatile for. Liquid. & Paste. Little. Range. Wide.
rm mal Conductivity Meter (TC30 000 Series) Versatile for Solid, Liquid & Paste Higher Accuracy (± ±2%) Faster ( 2s-20s ) Little Sample Easy-to-Use Wide Temperature Range About Us Established in 2007,
More informationFracture mechanics analysis of arc shaped specimens for pipe grade polymers
Fracture mechanics analysis of arc shaped specimens for pipe grade polymers Pemra Özbek, Christos Argyrakis and Patrick Leevers Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7
More informationDensitometers Calibration Sorted? But what about in Service? Dr Norman F Glen NEL
Densitometers Calibration Sorted? But what about in Service? Dr Norman F Glen NEL Agenda Introduction Background Technical approach Results The way forward Background Background Most liquid measurement
More informationComprehensive Handbook of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis
Comprehensive Handbook of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis Michio Sorai Editor-in-Chief The Japan Society of Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Contents Preface xi Acknowledgements
More informationPolymer Reaction Engineering
Polymer Reaction Engineering Polymerization Techniques Bulk Solution Suspension Emulsion Interfacial Polymerization Solid-State Gas-Phase Plasma Polymerization in Supercritical Fluids Bulk Polymerization
More informationDesign and Optimization of Multi-Material Material Objects for Enhanced Thermal Behavior Application: Brake Disk Design
Design and Optimization of Multi-Material Material Objects for Enhanced Thermal Behavior Application: Brake Disk Design Vincent Y. Blouin Martin Oschwald Yuna Hu Georges M. Fadel Clemson University 10
More informationUncertainty Analysis for Heat-flux DSC Measurements
Uncertainty Analysis for Heat-flux DSC Measurements metrology-focused coordinated R&D integration of national research programmes supported by the European Commission collaboration between National Measurement
More informationThermal Analysis. Short Courses POLYCHAR 25 Kuala Lumpur. Copyright 2017 by Jean-Marc Saiter
Thermal Analysis Pr. Dr. Jean Marc Saiter Onyx développement, Hameau du Bois Ricard, 76770 Malaunay - France SMS sciences et méthodes séparatives, Université de Normandie, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex,
More informationTest Results: Results of the test period on 06/19/16 using the Equivalent CTS Method: Thermal transmittance at test conditions (U s ):
NORTH EAST WINDOWS USA, INC. NFRC THERMAL TEST SUMMARY REPORT Report No: NCTL-110-17842-3S Test Specimen NFRC Code Manufacturer: North East Windows USA, Inc. Series/Model: Series CW 300 Window Type: Casement-
More informationCharacterisation Programme Polymer Multi-scale Properties Industrial Advisory Group 22 nd April 2008
Characterisation Programme 6-9 Polymer Multi-scale Properties Industrial Advisory Group nd April 8 SE: Improved Design and Manufacture of Polymeric Coatings Through the Provision of Dynamic Nano-indentation
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS IN POLYMER AND COMPOSITES CHARACTERIZATION. Wei Xie TA Instruments
APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL ANALYSIS IN POLYMER AND COMPOSITES CHARACTERIZATION Wei Xie TA Instruments Abstract Thermal Analysis is the generic name for a series of measurement techniques traditionally used
More informationfdfdfdfdfd Effects of Interface Resistance on Measurements of Thermal Conductivity of Composites and Polymers
Effects of Interface Resistance on Measurements of Thermal Conductivity of Composites and Polymers Andrzej Brzezinski, Akhan Tleoubaev LaserComp, Inc., 20 Spring St., Saugus, MA 01906 USA atleoubaev@lasercomp.com
More informationLoadcell Calibration - Evaluation of Uncertainties
Loadcell Calibration - Evaluation of Uncertainties This document is a revision of the evaluation issued in June 2015. Novatech s calibration laboratory is not UKAS accredited due to the high number of
More informationINFLUENCE OF SURFACE EMISSIVITY AND OF LOW EMISSIVITY SHIELDS ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY INSULATING MATERIALS
8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics HEFAT2011 8 th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 11 13 July 2011 Pointe Aux
More informationResponse Characteristics of Dew Point Sensor with Aluminum Oxide by means of Correlation between Purging Rate and Tube Length
Response Characteristics of Dew Point Sensor with Aluminum Oxide by means of Correlation between Purging Rate and Tube Length Yun-Kyung Bae and In-Jik Jeong Industrial & Physical Instrument Center, Korea
More informationME 105 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Spring Quarter Experiment #2: Temperature Measurements and Transient Conduction and Convection
ME 105 Mechanical Engineering Lab Page 1 ME 105 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory Spring Quarter 2010 Experiment #2: Temperature Measurements and Transient Conduction and Convection Objectives a) To calibrate
More informationPhysico-chemical characterization and comparison of fluorinated commercial Ski-Waxes.
SKI-WAX 2013. Physico-chemical characterization and comparison of fluorinated commercial Ski-Waxes. Luca Fambri, Riccardo Ceccato, Emanuela Callone and Denis Lorenzi Department of Industrial Engineering,
More information123MEAN thermal properties KATEDRA MATERIÁLOVÉHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ A CHEMIE
123MEAN thermal properties KATEDRA MATERIÁLOVÉHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ A CHEMIE Heat transport in substances: conduction transfer of kinetic energy on the bases of disorded movement of molecules. Own heat transfer
More informationBilateral National Metrology Institute Comparison of Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
32nd International Thermal Conductivity Conference 20th International Thermal Expansion Symposium April 27 May 1, 2014 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Bilateral National Metrology Institute
More informationUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata
University of Rome Tor Vergata Faculty of Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering THERMODYNAMIC AND HEAT TRANSFER HEAT TRANSFER dr. G. Bovesecchi gianluigi.bovesecchi@gmail.com 06-7259-727 (7249)
More informationAssessing The Thermal Performance of Building Enclosure Materials Using A Medium-Size Hot Box Chamber Summer Meeting Torkan Fazli
Assessing The Thermal Performance of Building Enclosure Materials Using A Medium-Size Hot Box Chamber 2014 Summer Meeting Torkan Fazli Introduction The building construction industry consumes significant
More informationMETHOD OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING ELEMENTS USING INFRARED CAMERA
METHOD OF IN-SITU MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL INSULATION PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING ELEMENTS USING INFRARED CAMERA Shinsuke Kato 1, Katsuichi Kuroki 2, and Shinji Hagihara 2 1 Institute of Industrial Science,
More informationAging behavior of polymeric absorber materials for solar thermal collectors
Aging behavior of polymeric absorber materials for solar thermal collectors Susanne Kahlen, Gernot M. Wallner, Reinhold W. Lang July, 211 Introduction Plastics based collectors 2 SOLARNOR all-polymeric
More informationComparison tests of cellular glass insulation for the development of cryogenic insulation standards
Comparison tests of cellular glass insulation for the development of cryogenic insulation standards J A. Demko 1, J. E. Fesmire 2, J. Dookie 1, J. Bickley 1, and S. Kraft 1 1 LeTourneau University, Mechanical
More informationSKIN EFFECT : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE OR DIFFUSION?
SKIN EFFECT : ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE OR DIFFUSION? At high frequencies current in a conductor flows mainly on its surface, and this is known as the skin effect. Two possible mechanisms are given in the published
More informationChamber Development Plan and Chamber Simulation Experiments
Chamber Development Plan and Chamber Simulation Experiments Farrokh Najmabadi HAPL Meeting November 12-13, 2001 Livermore, CA Electronic copy: http://aries.ucsd.edu/najmabadi/talks UCSD IFE Web Site: http://aries.ucsd.edu/ife
More informationDSC AS PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOL: BETTER INTERPRETATION OF Tg USING CYCLIC DSC
DSC AS PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOL: BETTER INTERPRETATION OF Tg USING CYCLIC DSC Problem A scientist is having difficulty in interpreting DSC results on a sample of polystyrene film. The sample exhibits a complex
More informationExperimental Assessment of Thermal Conductivity of a Brick Block with Internal Cavities Using a Semi-scale Experiment
Int J Thermophys (2013) 34:909 915 DOI 10.1007/s10765-012-1332-8 Experimental Assessment of Thermal Conductivity of a Brick Block with Internal Cavities Using a Semi-scale Experiment Zbyšek Pavlík Lukáš
More informationSIMULATION OF HEAT FLOW FROM A LINE SOURCE IN SUPPORT OF DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMAL PROBE. P. de Wilde, R. Griffiths, B. Pilkington and S.
SIMULATION OF HEAT FLOW FROM A LINE SOURCE IN SUPPORT OF DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMAL PROBE P. de Wilde, R. Griffiths, B. Pilkington and S. Goodhew School of Engineering, University of Plymouth PL4 8AA, United
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1: Simplified method
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10077-1 First edition 2000-07-15 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters Calculation of thermal transmittance Part 1: Simplified method Performance thermique des fenêtres,
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED METHODS FOR CHARACTERISING THE CURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
20 th International Conference on Composite Materials Copenhagen, 19-24 th July 2015 DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED METHODS FOR CHARACTERISING THE CURE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS Ana Yong 1, 2, Graham D. Sims 1,
More informationTest Wednesday, April 12 th 7pm, G20 Ming-Hsieh Bring your calculator and #2 pencil with a good eraser! 20 Multiple choice questions from:
Test Wednesday, April 12 th 7pm, G20 Ming-Hsieh Bring your calculator and #2 pencil with a good eraser! 20 Multiple choice questions from: Chapter 7 (except 7.6) Rotational motion, Centripetal acceleration,
More informationRESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA, 2017 Volume 25, Number 40
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 2017 Volume 25, Number 40 THE EFFECT OF THE HEAT FLUX ON THE SELF-IGNITION OF ORIENTED
More informationCalculating the heat transfer coefficient of frame profiles with internal cavities
Calculating the heat transfer coefficient of frame profiles with internal cavities SUBMITTED: December 2001 REVISED: January 2004 PUBLISHED: March 2004 Peter A. Noyé, M.Sc (Eng) Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationTHERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF MULTI-LAYER GLAZING WITH ULTRATHIN INTERNAL PARTITIONS. Agnieszka A. Lechowska 1, Jacek A. Schnotale 1
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF MULTI-LAYER GLAZING WITH ULTRATHIN INTERNAL PARTITIONS Agnieszka A. Lechowska 1, Jacek A. Schnotale 1 1 Cracow University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering,
More informationThermal Methods of Analysis
Thermal Methods of Analysis Calorie-something we know What is calorie? Can you see or touch a calorie? How is it measured? Working out in gym Change in weight Loss of calories-burning of fat? (10 km=500calories/9cal
More informationTemperature Field Simulation of Polymeric Materials During Laser Machining Using COSMOS / M Software
Temperature Field Simulation of Polymeric Materials During Laser Machining Using COSMOS / M Software LIBUŠE SÝKOROVÁ, OLDŘICH ŠUBA, MARTINA MALACHOVÁ, JAKUB ČERNÝ Department of Production Engineering Tomas
More informationBoundary Condition Dependency
Boundary Condition Dependency of Junction to Case Thermal Resistance Introduction The junction to case ( ) thermal resistance of a semiconductor package is a useful and frequently utilized metric in thermal
More informationTHERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF A COPPER VAPOR LASER
THERMO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF A COPPER VAPOR LASER E.mail: rchaube@cat.ernet.in R. CHAUBE, B. SINGH Abstract The thermal properties of the laser head such as temperature distribution, thermal gradient
More informationDetermining of Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of Pressed Straw (Name of test)
CONSTRUCTION HEAT PHYSICS LABORATORY INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF KAUNAS UNIVERSITY Test and calculation carried out according to: Product: 12 December 2012 LITHUANIAN NATIONAL ACCREDITATION
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF THERMOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS AS A NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION TOOL
DEVELOPMENT OF THERMOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS AS A NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION TOOL S. Quinn*, R.K. Fruehmann and J.M. Dulieu-Barton School of Engineering Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17
More informationAn intercomparison of heat flow meter apparatus within the United Kingdom and Eire
High Temperatures ^ High Pressures, 2000, volume 32, pages 19 ^ 28 15 ECTP Proceedings pages 47 ^ 56 DOI:10.1068/htwu566 An intercomparison of heat flow meter apparatus within the United Kingdom and Eire
More informationRelationship to Thermodynamics. Chapter One Section 1.3
Relationship to Thermodynamics Chapter One Section 1.3 Alternative Formulations Alternative Formulations Time Basis: CONSERVATION OF ENERGY (FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS) An important tool in heat transfer
More informationTEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF AN INFINITE SLAB UNDER POINT HEAT SOURCE
THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 14, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 1597-161 1597 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF AN INFINITE SLAB UNDER POINT HEAT SOURCE by Zhao-Chun WU * and Dao-Lai CHENG School of Urban Construction and Safety
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information (ESI)
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Thermal Conductivity Measurements of High and Low Thermal
More informationModified Transient Plane Source (MTPS): Theory of Operation
Pg of 0 Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS): Theory of Operation The C-Therm TCi Thermal Conductivity Analyzer is based on the Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) technique. It employs a one-sided,
More informationFinite Element Analysis of the Heat Transfer in a Copper Mould during Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs. 14 May 2005
Finite Element Analysis of the Heat Transfer in a Copper Mould during Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs 14 May 2005 D. Hodgson, Sami Vapalahti, and B.G. Thomas Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
More informationPhysical Properties Testing Technical Bulletin
Technical Bulletin MANUFACTURER Raven Lining Systems 13105 E. 61 st Street, Suite A Broken Arrow, OK 74012 (918) 615-0020 TENSILE TESTING OF PLASTICS ASTM D638, ISO 527 Tensile tests measure the force
More information