Introduction Discussion i of Fissile il Materials French Pub Nuclear Fuel Cycle
|
|
- Laurel Austin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fundamental Cascade Stage Theory in Isotope Separation for ENU4930/6937: Elements of Nuclear Safeguards, Non-Proliferation, and Security Presented by Glenn E. Sjoden, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor and FP&L Endowed Term Professor Florida Institute of Nuclear Detection and Security Nuclear & Radiological Engineering University of Florida
2 Introduction Overview Discussion i of Fissile il Materials French Pub Nuclear Fuel Cycle Front End / Back End Reactor Centric Conversion Enrichment Reprocessing Summary
3 Enrichment is key to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle From Reilly, et al, Passive NDA of Nuclear Materials, NRC Press, March 1991
4 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Uranium Enrichment Most nuclear reactors need higher concentrations of U235 than found in natural uranium U235 is "fissionable," meaning that it starts a nuclear reaction and keeps it going. Normally, the amount of the U235 isotope is enriched from 0.7% of the uranium mass to about 5%, as illustrated in this diagram of the enrichment process. The three processes often used to enrich uranium are Gaseous diffusion (the only process currently in the United States for commercially enrichment) Gas centrifuges (as often reported in Iran) and Becker Nozzle (South Africa) AVLIS (Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation) From USNRC, April 2010
5 Separation factors of various technologies Single Stage separation factor for stage i: Alpha i = (y i /(1-y i )) / (x i /(1-x i )) Gaseous Diffusion U 235 F 6 and U 238 F 6 Gas Molecules have kinetic energy E=1/2 m v 2 Based on velocity ratios, U 235 strikes barrier more often, leads to Alpha i = Becker Nozzle Process Based on centrifugal velocity of the nozzle design, with 5% UF 6 and 95% hydrogen gas, and a pressure ratio of 3.5 (which drives cost) Alpha i = From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
6 Separation factors of various technologies Gas Centrifuge Analysis shows that Δm=3 The separation constant (alpha) is based on a mass difference and va, the tangential speed of rotation at the rotating drum surface, so that alpha is a function of the radius r where the product is scooped, up to a radius of the centrifuge r = a. (R is gas constant and T is absolute temp) Resonant frequency speeds (depending upon length and diameter) must be avoided; motor drives of sufficient power to accelerate/decelerate centrifuges quickly through resonant speeds are needed From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
7 Countercurrent Recycle Cascade Overall material balance, kg/s F = P+W Plant Material balance on desired component (U-235) is, kg/s F z f = P y p + W x w For a standard Countercurrent Recycling Cascade Feed is heads from adjacent lower stage + tails from adjacent higher h stage Stage 1 is bottom tails, with W kg/s at x w weight frac. Stage n is top product, with P kg/s at y p weight frac. Stage 1 : n s = Stripping section; n s +1: n Enriching section Intermediate stages: M i kg/s at y i weight frac., N i kg/s at x i weight frac. From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
8 Countercurrent Recycle Cascade M i y i N i+1 x i+1 M j y j N j+1 x j+1 From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
9 Countercurrent Recycle Cascade Refer to Diagram on previous slide In a given enriching section from the product end down to just above stage i: M i = N i+1 + P M i y i = N i+1 x i+1 + P y p Solve 2 eqns, 2 unknowns for x i+1 x i+1 = (1 + P/N i+1 )y i - P y p /N i+1 In stripping section where flow is reversed, stage balancing at a strip stage j yields: M j = N j+1 -W M j y j = N j+1 x j+1 + W x w Solve 2 eqns, 2 unknowns for x i+1 x j+1 = (1 - W/N j+1 )y i + W x w /N j+1 From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
10 Countercurrent Recycle Cascade: Reflux Ratio Reconsider the heads strip weight fraction result: x i+1 = (1 + P/N i+1 )y i -P y p /N i+1 Solve this for y i -x i+1 : y i -x i+1 = (y p -y i )/(N i+1 /P) (N i+1 /P) is the Reflux Ratio As P -> 0 (minimal product mass flow, at maximum interstage to product flow ratio) then the Reflux Ratio becomes infinite When this occurs, heads at i = tails at i+1, or y i = x i+1 We can use this to derive the minimum number of stages needed for a given enrichment scenario and separation technology (alpha) Optimization of the Reflux Ratio (N i+1 /P) relative to the desired amount of top product P is essential for designing feed and throughput into an enrichment plant From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
11 Infinite Reflux Ratio for minimum # stages Reconsider the heads strip weight fraction result: Let η i = y i /(1- y i ) and ξ i+1 = x i+1 /(1- x i+1) ) With (N i+1 /P) -> Infinity for a maximum Reflux Ratio y i = x i+1 and η i = ξ i+1 But then η i+1 = α η i, and η 2 = α η 1 η 3 = α η 2 = α 2 η 1 so that η n = α n-1 η 1 But η 1 = α ξ 1 = α x w /(1- x w ) This yields the Underwood Fenske equation: η p = y p /(1- y p ) = α n x w /(1- x w ) Solving for α n min = yp (1- x w ) / ((1- y p ) x w ) (where n is a minimum) From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
12 Product mass withdrawal limited with yp Mass Feed through the plant is based on the value function for separative work kg U separative work/kg U fed or (SWU kg/kg) Proportional to Value Function: From Benedict, et al, Nuc. Chem. Engineering
13 Summary Simple Stage Isotope Separation theory considered A complex process when optimizing for each technology Optimum heads, tails flow, etc Unit failure rates, complexities of maintenance Can be analyzed for minimum #stages in a straight forward manner Separative work measured in SWU-kg/kg
14 Questions?
Introduction Discussion i of Fissile il Materials French Pub Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Fuel Reprocessing and Isotope Separation Methods for ENU4930/6937: Elements of Nuclear Safeguards, Non-Proliferation, and Security Presented by Glenn E. Sjoden, Ph.D., P.E. Associate Professor and FP&L
More informationEnrichment and Conversion of Fission Reactor Fuel Elements
Enrichment and Conversion of Fission Reactor Fuel Elements Two fissile isotopes commonly considered: 235 U ( Use enrichment) 239 Pu ( Use reprocessing) U.S.(weapons---->submarines---->civilian ) 1944 present
More informationEnrichment and Conversion of Fission Reactor Fuel Elements
Enrichment and Conversion of Fission Reactor Fuel Elements Two fissile isotopes commonly considered: 235 U ( Use enrichment) 239 Pu ( Use reprocessing) U.S.(weapons---->submarines---->civilian ) 1944 present
More informationIsotope Separation, with a Focus on Uranium Enrichment. ISIS Course October 30, 2014
Isotope Separation, with a Focus on Uranium Enrichment ISIS Course October 30, 2014 Isotope Separation Uranium enrichment is a form of isotope separation. Isotope separation is extremely hard to do, since
More informationProliferation-Proof Uranium/Plutonium Fuel Cycles Safeguards and Non-Proliferation
Proliferation-Proof Uranium/Plutonium Fuel Cycles Safeguards and Non-Proliferation SUB Hamburg by Gunther KeBler A 2012/7138 Scientific Publishing id- Contents 1 Nuclear Proliferation and IAEA-Safeguards
More information9.4 Effusion and Diffusion of Gases
Chapter 9 Gases 497 Figure 9.26 Susan Solomon s research focuses on climate change and has been instrumental in determining the cause of the ozone hole over Antarctica. (credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric
More informationSeparation of isotopes
Separation of isotopes By Jan Ove Odden and Dag Øistein Eriksen Kristiansand, 2006 1 (6) Isotopes in general Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes Most common
More informationMaking the Essential Ingredients of Nuclear Weapons. Matthew Bunn IGA-232, Controlling the World s Most Dangerous Weapons September 12, 2013
Making the Essential Ingredients of Nuclear Weapons Matthew Bunn IGA-232, Controlling the World s Most Dangerous Weapons September 12, 2013 Two paths to the bomb The plutonium route Reactor: uranium fuel
More informationPlutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1996
Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium 1996 World Inventories, Capabilities and Policies David Albright, Frans Berkhout and William Walker sipri OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1997 Contents Preface Acknowledgements
More informationPWR AND WWER MOX BENCHMARK CALCULATION BY HELIOS
PWR AND WWER MOX BENCHMARK CALCULATION BY HELIOS Radoslav ZAJAC 1,2), Petr DARILEK 1), Vladimir NECAS 2) 1 VUJE, Inc., Okruzna 5, 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia; zajacr@vuje.sk, darilek@vuje.sk 2 Slovak University
More information9.5 The Kinetic-Molecular Theory
502 Chapter 9 Gases Figure 9.30 In a diffuser, gaseous UF 6 is pumped through a porous barrier, which partially separates 235 UF 6 from 238 UF 6 The UF 6 must pass through many large diffuser units to
More informationRelative abundances of carbon isotopes in our atmosphere are:
Relative abundances of carbon isotopes in our atmosphere are: - C-12 (stable) - C-13 (stable) - C-14 (radioactive) 0.0000000001% The C-14 is incorporated into compounds such as CO2. This gets photosynthesized
More informationMass Transfer Operations I Prof. Bishnupada Mandal Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Mass Transfer Operations I Prof. Bishnupada Mandal Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 5 Distillation Lecture - 6 Fractional Distillation: McCabe Thiele
More information11.5 Nuclear Reactions: Fusion
11.5 Nuclear Reactions: Fusion Nuclear fusion reactions occur in the Sun and supply the energy needed to sustain life on Earth (Figure 1). Nuclear fusion is the fusing or joining of two small nuclei to
More informationturbine (a) (i) Which part of the power station provides thermal (heat) energy from a chain reaction?
Nuclear fission and radiation 1 The diagram shows parts of a nuclear power station. control rods boiler steam generator electricity out turbine condenser nuclear reactor (a) (i) Which part of the power
More informationLectures on Applied Reactor Technology and Nuclear Power Safety. Lecture No 1. Title: Neutron Life Cycle
Lectures on Nuclear Power Safety Lecture No 1 Title: Neutron Life Cycle Department of Energy Technology KTH Spring 2005 Slide No 1 Outline of the Lecture Infinite Multiplication Factor, k Four Factor Formula
More informationSRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK UNIT II -TWOMARKS. UNIT-II NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS:
-TWOMARKS. UNIT-II NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS: 1.What is meant by radioactivity? It refers to the german name of Radio-Activitat. Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei. The nucleus
More informationNuclear Chemistry. The nuclei of some unstable isotopes change by releasing energy and particles, collectively known as radiation
Nuclear Chemistry The nuclei of some unstable isotopes change by releasing energy and particles, collectively known as radiation Spontaneous nuclear reactions - five kinds: ) Emission of α-particles: 4
More informationAnnouncements. Projected Energy Consumption. Fossil fuel issues. By the end of class today
Announcements Projected Energy Consumption Ecological Footprint assignment starts this afternoon to be completed by 10 AM Thursday Today: Alternatives to fossil fuels? Nuclear power Energy efficiency Thursday:
More informationNuclear Fission. 1/v Fast neutrons. U thermal cross sections σ fission 584 b. σ scattering 9 b. σ radiative capture 97 b.
Nuclear Fission 1/v Fast neutrons should be moderated. 235 U thermal cross sections σ fission 584 b. σ scattering 9 b. σ radiative capture 97 b. Fission Barriers 1 Nuclear Fission Q for 235 U + n 236 U
More informationFundamentals of Nuclear Power. Original slides provided by Dr. Daniel Holland
Fundamentals of Nuclear Power Original slides provided by Dr. Daniel Holland Nuclear Fission We convert mass into energy by breaking large atoms (usually Uranium) into smaller atoms. Note the increases
More informationFission and Chain Reactions
The Harnessed Atom Lesson Five Fission and Chain Reactions What you need to know about Fission and Chain Reactions: Fission Chain reaction Uranium fuel Mining Milling Enrichment Fuel fabrication 2 Nuclear
More informationIL H DESIGN FOR KRYPTON-85 ENRICHMENT BY THERMAL DIFFUSION
IL H DESIGN FOR KRYPTON-85 ENRICHMENT BY THERMAL DIFFUSION Roger A. Schwind and William M. Rutherford Monsanto Research Corporation Mound Laboratory* Miamisburg, Ohio 45342 Substantial quantities*of krypton
More informationChapter 12: Nuclear Reaction
Chapter 12: Nuclear Reaction A nuclear reaction occurs when a nucleus is unstable or is being bombarded by a nuclear particle. The product of a nuclear reaction is a new nuclide with an emission of a nuclear
More informationControl of the fission chain reaction
Control of the fission chain reaction Introduction to Nuclear Science Simon Fraser University Spring 2011 NUCS 342 April 8, 2011 NUCS 342 (Lecture 30) April 8, 2011 1 / 29 Outline 1 Fission chain reaction
More informationImplementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Republic of Korea
International Atomic Energy Agency Board of Governors GOV/2004/84 Date: 11 November 2004 Restricted Distribution Original: English For official use only Item 4(c) of the provisional agenda (GOV/2004/82)
More informationQuestion 13.1: Two stable isotopes of lithium and have respective abundances of 7.5% and 92.5%. These isotopes have masses 6.01512 u and 7.01600 u, respectively. Find the atomic mass of lithium. Boron
More informationVerification measurements of alpha active waste
Verification measurements of alpha active waste Bent Pedersen Nuclear Security Unit Directorate Nuclear Safety and Security JRC 9th Edition of the International Summer School on Nuclear Decommissioning
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationA Proliferation Assessment of Third Generation Laser Uranium Enrichment Technology
Science & Global Security The Technical Basis for Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation Initiatives ISSN: 0892-9882 (Print) 1547-7800 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gsgs20
More information10.4 Fission and Fusion
This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The alchemists failed in their
More informationNuclear processes: Vocabulary: Radioactive decay Isotope Alpha particle Beta particle Transmutation Strong Nuclear Force Fusion Fission
Nuclear processes: Students will develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive
More informationEpisode 528: Controlling fission
Episode 528: Controlling fission In this episode, you can look at the different features of the core of a nuclear reactor, and explain its operation using your students knowledge of nuclear physics. Summary
More informationThe discovery of nuclear reactions need not bring about the destruction of mankind any more than the discovery of matches - Albert Einstein
The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. - Omar Bradley (US general) The discovery of nuclear reactions need not
More informationQuestion Answer Marks Guidance 1 (a) The neutrons interact with other uranium (nuclei) / the neutrons cause further (fission) reactions
Question Answer Marks Guidance 1 (a) The neutrons interact with other uranium (nuclei) / the neutrons cause further (fission) reactions Not: neutrons interact with uranium atoms / molecules / particles
More informationLecture 5 Nuclear Reactions
Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following We shall understand the concept of kinetic energy from the perspective of particle physics. We shall conclude that for all practical purposes, mass
More informationSeaborg s Plutonium?
Seaborg s Plutonium? Eric B. Norman, Keenan J. Thomas, Kristina E. Telhami* Department of Nuclear Engineering University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract Passive x-ray and gamma ray analysis was
More informationIntroducing nuclear fission The Fizzics Organization
Nuclear Fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two or more parts by hitting it with a small particle, almost always a neutron (a proton would be repelled from the positive nucleus and
More informationVerification measurements of alpha active waste
Verification measurements of alpha active waste Bent Pedersen Nuclear Security Unit Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU), JRC Operational Issues in Radioactive Waste Management and Nuclear Decommissioning
More informationWallace Hall Academy Physics Department. Radiation. Pupil Notes Name:
Wallace Hall Academy Physics Department Radiation Pupil Notes Name: Learning intentions for this unit? Be able to draw and label a diagram of an atom Be able to state what alpha particles, beta particles
More informationChain Reactions. Table of Contents. List of Figures
Chain Reactions 1 Chain Reactions prepared by Wm. J. Garland, Professor, Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada More about this document Summary: In the chapter
More informationNonproliferation Challenges S&T Solutions Monitoring Centrifuges and Blend Down
Nonproliferation Challenges S&T Solutions Monitoring Centrifuges and Blend Down Larry Satkowiak Director - Nonproliferation, Safeguards & Security Programs Oak Ridge National Laboratory Simple Steps to
More informationClass XII Chapter 13 - Nuclei Physics
Question 13.1: (a) Two stable isotopes of lithium and have respective abundances of 7.5% and 92.5%. These isotopes have masses 6.01512 u and 7.01600 u, respectively. Find the atomic mass of lithium. (b)
More informationVerification of fissile materials
Verification of fissile materials Naeem U. H. Syed, Alexander Bürger, Styrkaar Hustveit, Ole Reistad,Tonje Sekse GammaSem seminar 2010 28/09/2010-29/09/2010 Overview Introduction Background The Black Sea
More informationChemistry 500: Chemistry in Modern Living. Topic 5: The Fires of Nuclear Fission. Atomic Structure, Nuclear Fission and Fusion, and Nuclear.
Chemistry 500: Chemistry in Modern Living 1 Topic 5: The Fires of Nuclear Fission Atomic Structure, Nuclear Fission and Fusion, and Nuclear Weapons Chemistry in Context, 2 nd Edition: Chapter 8, Pages
More informationNuclear Data for Reactor Physics: Cross Sections and Level Densities in in the Actinide Region. J.N. Wilson Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay
Nuclear Data for Reactor Physics: Cross Sections and Level Densities in in the Actinide Region J.N. Wilson Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay Talk Plan Talk Plan The importance of innovative nuclear
More informationNuclear Chemistry. The Nucleus. Isotopes. Slide 1 / 43. Slide 2 / 43. Slide 3 / 43
Slide 1 / 43 Nuclear Chemistry The Nucleus Slide 2 / 43 Remember that the nucleus is comprised of the two nucleons, protons and neutrons. The number of protons is the atomic number. The number of protons
More informationMass Transfer Operations I Prof. Bishnupada Mandal Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Mass Transfer Operations I Prof. Bishnupada Mandal Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 5 Distillation Lecture - 5 Fractional Distillation Welcome to the
More informationLesson 9: Multiplying Media (Reactors)
Lesson 9: Multiplying Media (Reactors) Laboratory for Reactor Physics and Systems Behaviour Multiplication Factors Reactor Equation for a Bare, Homogeneous Reactor Geometrical, Material Buckling Spherical,
More informationOperational Reactor Safety
Operational Reactor Safety 22.091/22.903 Professor Andrew C. Kadak Professor of the Practice Lecture 3 Reactor Kinetics and Control Page 1 Topics to Be Covered Time Dependent Diffusion Equation Prompt
More informationNovel Technologies for IAEA Safeguards
Novel Technologies for IAEA Safeguards C. Annese, A. Monteith and J.Whichello International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria Abstract This paper will introduce the International Atomic Energy Agency
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF NUCLEAR ENERGY. Prof. Mushtaq Ahmad, MS, PhD, MIT, USA
AN OVERVIEW OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Prof. Mushtaq Ahmad, MS, PhD, MIT, USA Outline of the Seminar 2 Motivation and Importance of Nuclear Energy Future Energy Planning in the Kingdom Current Status of Nuclear
More informationSlide 1 / 57. Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems
Slide 1 / 57 Nuclear Physics & Nuclear Reactions Practice Problems Slide 2 / 57 Multiple Choice Slide 3 / 57 1 The atomic nucleus consists of: A B C D E Electrons Protons Protons and electrons Protons
More informationFuel cycle studies on minor actinide transmutation in Generation IV fast reactors
Fuel cycle studies on minor actinide transmutation in Generation IV fast reactors M. Halász, M. Szieberth, S. Fehér Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques Contents
More informationResearch in NDA Techniques for Waste Characterization at the JRC
1 Research in NDA Techniques for Waste Characterization at the JRC Bent Pedersen Nuclear Security Unit Institute for Transuranium Elements Joint Research Centre presented at Annual meeting of LABONET Network
More informationWe completed our discussion of nuclear modeling with a discussion of the liquid drop and shell models We began discussing radioactivity
Modern Physics (PHY 3305) Lecture Notes Modern Physics (PHY 3305) Lecture Notes Nuclear Physics: Fission and Fusion (11.7) SteveSekula, 19 April 010 (created 1 April 010) Review no tags We completed our
More informationREACTOR PHYSICS ASPECTS OF PLUTONIUM RECYCLING IN PWRs
REACTOR PHYSICS ASPECTS OF PLUTONIUM RECYCLING IN s Present address: J.L. Kloosterman Interfaculty Reactor Institute Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, the Netherlands Fax: ++31
More informationSEPARATION BY BARRIER
SEPARATION BY BARRIER SEPARATION BY BARRIER Phase 1 Feed Barrier Phase 2 Separation by barrier uses a barrier which restricts and/or enhances the movement of certain chemical species with respect to other
More informationEnergy. on this world and elsewhere. Visiting today: Prof. Paschke
Energy on this world and elsewhere Visiting today: Prof. Paschke Instructor: Gordon D. Cates Office: Physics 106a, Phone: (434) 924-4792 email: cates@virginia.edu Course web site available at www.phys.virginia.edu,
More informationNuclear Reactions A Z. Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q > 0. Exothermic Endothermic
Radioactivity, Spontaneous Decay: Nuclear Reactions A Z 4 P D+ He + Q A 4 Z 2 Q > 0 Nuclear Reaction, Induced Process: x + X Y + y + Q Q = ( m + m m m ) c 2 x X Y y Q > 0 Q < 0 Exothermic Endothermic 2
More informationSubject: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Code: 2825/04
Subject: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Code: 2825/04 Session: Jan... Year: 2005. Mark Scheme (sixth draft, operational) MAXIMUM MARK (including common question) 90 43 ADVICE TO EXAMINERS ON THE ANNOTATION
More informationNUCLEAR SCIENCE ACAD BASIC CURRICULUM CHAPTER 5 NEUTRON LIFE CYCLE STUDENT TEXT REV 2. L th. L f U-235 FUEL MODERATOR START CYCLE HERE THERMAL NEUTRON
ACAD BASIC CURRICULUM NUCLEAR SCIENCE CHAPTER 5 NEUTRON LIFE CYCLE 346 RESONANCE LOSSES p 038 THERMAL NEUTRON 2 THERMAL NEUTRON LEAKAGE 52 THERMAL ABSORBED BY NON-FUEL ATOMS L th 07 THERMAL f 965 THERMAL
More informationLect 22. Radial Flow Turbines. Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
Lecture Lect Radial Flow Turbines Lect Radial inflow turbines, which look similar to centrifugal compressor, are considered suitable for application in small aircraft engines. In many applications a radial
More informationNeutron reproduction. factor ε. k eff = Neutron Life Cycle. x η
Neutron reproduction factor k eff = 1.000 What is: Migration length? Critical size? How does the geometry affect the reproduction factor? x 0.9 Thermal utilization factor f x 0.9 Resonance escape probability
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Jan 21. Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics
Physics D Lecture Slides Jan 1 Vivek Sharma UCSD Physics Particle Accelerators as Testing ground for S. Relativity When Electron Goes Fast it Gets Fat E = γ mc v As 1, γ c Apparent Mass approaches Relativistic
More information[2] State in what form the energy is released in such a reaction.... [1]
(a) The following nuclear reaction occurs when a slow-moving neutron is absorbed by an isotope of uranium-35. 0n + 35 9 U 4 56 Ba + 9 36Kr + 3 0 n Explain how this reaction is able to produce energy....
More informationTopics in Applied Physics Volume 35
Topics in Applied Physics Volume 35 Topics in Applied Physics Founded by Helmut K. V. Lotsch 1 Dye Lasers 2nd Edition Editor: F. P. Schiller 2 Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules. Editor: H. Walther
More informationSome nuclear particles:
1 N U C L E A R R E A C T I O N S Definitions: Atomic Number or Nuclear Charge: The number of protons in the nucleus. This determines which element is present. It s the whole number of the element on the
More informationLow-Grade Nuclear Materials as Possible Threats to the Nonproliferation Regime. (Report under CRDF Project RX0-1333)
Low-Grade Nuclear Materials as Possible Threats to the Nonproliferation Regime (Report under CRDF Project RX0-1333) 2 Abstract This study addresses a number of issues related to low-grade fissile materials
More informationISOSILICON AS. New separation methods for production of light stable isotopes for use in nuclear technology
ISOSILICON AS New separation methods for production of light stable isotopes for use in nuclear technology By Dag Øistein Eriksen 1, Bruno Ceccaroli 2, Pierre Hilaireau 3, and Wieslaw Majewski 4 1 Primus.inter.pares
More informationu d Fig. 6.1 (i) Identify the anti-proton from the table of particles shown in Fig [1]
1 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows the quark composition of some particles. proton neutron A B u u d u d d u d u u u u d Fig. 6.1 (i) Identify the anti-proton from the table of particles shown in Fig. 6.1. (ii) State
More informationChapter 10 Section 4 Notes
Chapter 10 Section 4 Notes This painting of an alchemist s laboratory was made around 1570. For centuries, these early scientists, known as alchemists, tried to use chemical reactions to make gold. The
More informationWorking Party on Pu-MOX fuel physics and innovative fuel cycles (WPPR)
R&D Needs in Nuclear Science 6-8th November, 2002 OECD/NEA, Paris Working Party on Pu-MOX fuel physics and innovative fuel cycles (WPPR) Hideki Takano Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Japan Introduction(1)
More informationFast Neutron Detectors (and other CVT contributions by UF)
Fast Neutron Detectors (and other CVT contributions by UF) Andreas Enqvist and Jim Baciak Nuclear Engineering Program, University of Florida Collaboration with Ohio University Time-of-Flight Experiments
More informationNuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions
Slide 1 / 33 Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Reactions The Nucleus Slide 2 / 33 Proton: The charge on a proton is +1.6x10-19 C. The mass of a proton is 1.6726x10-27 kg. Neutron: The neutron is neutral. The
More informationScience and Technology. Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste
Science and Technology Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste Spent Fuel Rods General Accounting Office Fission products that emit beta and gamma radiation
More informationMeasurement Methods Training and Software Developed for Inspection of Small Gaseous Diffusion Plants
Measurement Methods Training and Software Developed for Inspection of Small Gaseous Diffusion Plants Rollen, H.Y.; Smith, S.E.; Whitaker, J.M.; Mayer II, R.L.; McGinnis, B.R.; Bonino, A.D.; Righetti, M.A.
More informationNuclear Weapons and Materials
CHAPTER 3 Nuclear Weapons and Materials Nuclear weapons have existed for more than fifty years, and the technology required to produce them is well understood and widely available. Nine countries (Britain,
More informationNUCLEAR ENGINEERING. 6. Amongst the following, the fissionable materials are (a) U233andPu239 (b) U23iandPu233 (c) U235andPu235 (d) U238andPu239
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 1. The efficiency of a nuclear power plant in comparsion to a conventional thermal power plant is (a) same (b) more (c) less (d) may be less or mote depending on size (e) unpredictable.
More informationDOPPLER COEFFICIENT OF REACTIVITY BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT ENRICHMENTS OF UO 2
Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications (M&C + SNA 2007) Monterey, California, April 15-19, 2007, on CD-ROM, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL (2007) DOPPLER COEFFICIENT OF REACTIVITY BENCHMARK
More informationUranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation
Uranium Enrichment and Nuclear Weapon Proliferation sipri Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI is an independent institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially
More informationProduction. David Nusbaum Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center October 4, 2011
Production David Nusbaum Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center October 4, 2011 Where are we? Nuclear Fuel Cycle Background Pu- Radioactive, chemical element, of the actinoid series of the periodic
More informationLecture 13. Applications of Nuclear Physics Fission Reactors and Bombs Overview
Lecture 13 Applications of Nuclear Physics Fission Reactors and Bombs Dec 2006, Lecture 13 Nuclear Physics Lectures, Dr. Armin Reichold 1 12.1 Overview 12.1 Induced fission Fissile nuclei Time scales of
More informationMODULE 3.0: LASER ENRICHMENT METHODS (AVLIS AND MLIS)
MODULE 3.0: LASER ENRICHMENT METHODS (AVLIS AND MLIS) Introduction Welcome to Module 3.0 of the Course! This is the third of seven modules in this directed self-study course. The purpose of this module
More informationMechanical Engineering Introduction to Nuclear Engineering /12
Mechanical Engineering Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following In this lecture the population and energy scenario in India are reviewed. The imminent rapid growth of nuclear power is brought
More informationCiclo combustibile, scorie, accelerator driven system
Ciclo combustibile, scorie, accelerator driven system M. Carta, C. Artioli ENEA Fusione e Fissione Nucleare: stato e prospettive sulle fonti energetiche nucleari per il futuro Layout of the presentation!
More informationRDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production
RDCH 702 Lecture 8: Accelerators and Isotope Production Particle generation Accelerator Direct Voltage Linear Cyclotrons Synchrotrons Photons * XAFS * Photonuclear Heavy Ions Neutrons sources Fission products
More informationStep 2: Calculate the total amount of U-238 present at time=0. Step 4: Calculate the rate constant for the decay process.
LP#9. A meteor contains 0.556 g of Pb-206 to every 1.00g U-238. Determine the age of the meteor. Step 1: Calculate the moles of each nuclide present. 0.566g Pb-206 x 1.00g U-238 x Step 2: Calculate the
More informationDecay Heat Estimates for MNR
McMaster Nuclear Reactor McMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1 (905) 525-9140 Ext 24065 Fax: (905) 528-4339 Technical Report 1998-03 Decay Heat Estimates for MNR Prepared
More informationZX or X-A where X is chemical symbol of element. common unit: [unified mass unit = u] also known as [atomic mass unit = amu] or [Dalton = Da]
1 Part 5: Nuclear Physics 5.1. The Nucleus = atomic number = number of protons N = neutron number = number of neutrons = mass number = + N Representations: X or X- where X is chemical symbol of element
More informationBreeding K.S. Rajan Professor, School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University
Breeding K.S. Rajan Professor, School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University Joint Initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 1 of 7 Table of Contents 1 NEED FOR BREEDING... 3 1.1 COMPARISON
More informationAlpha Decay Simulation
Alpha Decay Simulation Go to class website, select Computer Simulations, Physics 30, Alpha Decay. Part A: Radioactive Decay in a single atom: go to the SECOND tab (single atom). 1. In the simulation, a
More informationPhys 1020 Day 27 Finish nuclear energy Radiation and Nuclear Reactors, Blmfd 16.2 Exponential Growth Energy Use
Energy Resources or what am I going to drive in 30 years? How do Nuclear Reactors Work? What about accidents? What is the nature of exponential growth? What are our energy resources? Phys 1020 Day 27 Finish
More informationScience 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11)
http://www.atomicarchive.com/movies/index.shtml Science 10: Radioactivity! Comparing Fission and Fusion Notes (Ch 11) Nuclear Reactions: an atom s nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy.
More informationHomework 06. Nuclear
HW06 - Nuclear Started: Mar 22 at 11:05am Quiz Instruc!ons Homework 06 Nuclear Question 1 How does a nuclear reaction differ from a chemical reaction? In a nuclear reaction, the elements change identities
More informationmore ?Learning about plutonium
?Learning about plutonium more What is plutonium? Plutonium (PU) is a hard white metal that looks like iron. It melts at 640 Celsius, turns into plutonium oxide when exposed to air and can catch fire.
More informationLesson 8: Slowing Down Spectra, p, Fermi Age
Lesson 8: Slowing Down Spectra, p, Fermi Age Slowing Down Spectra in Infinite Homogeneous Media Resonance Escape Probability ( p ) Resonance Integral ( I, I eff ) p, for a Reactor Lattice Semi-empirical
More informationsustainable nuclear energy
Marcoule in service of > Atalante sustainable nuclear energy ATALANTE at the heart of international nuclear research Global energy demand will more than double in the next 40 years. Competitive, with minimal
More informationThe analysis of particles of nuclear material finding the proverbial needle in a hay stack
San Diego, 18-22 February 2010 AAAS Annual Meeting 1 The analysis of particles of nuclear material finding the proverbial needle in a hay stack AAAS Annual Meeting San Diego, February 19, 2010 Klaus Luetzenkirchen
More informationHydrogen addition to the Andrussow process for HCN synthesis
Applied Catalysis A: General 201 (2000) 13 22 Hydrogen addition to the Andrussow process for HCN synthesis A.S. Bodke, D.A. Olschki, L.D. Schmidt Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,
More information