Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion
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1 The Space Congress Proceedings 2016 (44th) The Journey: Further Exploration for Universal Opportunities May 24th, 7:30 AM Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion D. L. Chesny Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion D. Valletta Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion N. B. Orange Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion H. M. Oluseyi Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion Follow this and additional works at: Scholarly Commons Citation D. L. Chesny, D. Valletta, N. B. Orange, and H. M. Oluseyi, "Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion" (May 24, 2016). The Space Congress Proceedings. Paper This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at ERAU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of ERAU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact
2 Magnetic Reconnection Propulsion 1,2 David L. Chesny 2,3 Dave R. Valletta 2 N. Brice Orange 1 Florida Institute of Technology 2 OrangeWaveInnovative Science, LLC 3 RS&H
3 Space Congress 2016 The Journey: Further Exploration for Universal Opportunities...showcase the evolution of our industry... to meet the challenges of the future. Better, Faster, Cheaper
4 Faster? Saturn V SLS Chemical Propulsion
5 Faster? How? Increase Thrust Alternative Plasma Propulsion
6 Chemical vs. Plasma Propulsion Specifi c Impulse Thrus t Chemical (hypergolic) - I sp = s - u ex = 5-10 km s -1 - Thrusts of ~1 N per unit input mass Plasma (Hall thrusters, ion, SEP) - I sp = s - u ex = ~30 km s -1 - Thrusts of ~0.01 N per unit input mass Maximize u ex!
7 Sources of High-speed Particles Solar Wind ~400 km/s Coronal Mass Ejections ~3,000 km/s Magnetic Reconnection
8 Sources of High Speed Particles
9 Translate Theory to Engineering Example: Smartphone touchscreens!
10 Magnetic Reconnection 2D 3D Diffusion-dominated process
11 Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere
12 Application to Propulsion? Intense spine current
13 Reconnection on Earth MIT Versatile Toroidal Facility PPPL Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) 2D manifestations only
14 Innovate? State-of-the-art Reconnection Devices Better, Faster, Cheaper Better, Smaller, Cheaper 3 D
15 From Theory to Practice Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) -Apply field parameters -Predict timescales -Predict particle velocities (u ex ) Kinetic Reconnection -Perturbations -Time-dependent field evolution Engineering -Enabling components
16 MHD Modeling Parnell et al. (1996) Parnell et al. (2007): Perturb field so that current is induced along spine
17 MHD Modeling Solve with physical parameters: m = 2 m H B 0 = 1 T l = 1 m n = m -3 v A = 107 m/s ω A = 10 7 s -1 limits: εj z e ωt < 1 ; S~10 2 Reconnection will occur on very short timescales
18 Kinetic Modeling How do charged particles respond to externally imposed boundary conditions? Plasma flow along spine must be driven by driven perturbation
19 Produce Initial Magnetic Field Parnell et al. (1996) Pontin et al. (2011) Along spine Along spine Helical twist Around spine
20 Produce Initial NP Field Field we want Ampère's Law Source currents perpendicular Along spine From above Is there an existing technology that can produce such fields?
21 Perturbation Driving Plasma Flow Pontin et al. (2011) applied circular magnetic field perturbation to existing neutral point potential field
22 Enabling Technology Engineering outer electrodes (cathode) inner electrode (anode) Theor y Dense Plasma Focus Creates plasma sheath with circular magnetic field! Operate at 100 Hz Krishnan et al. (2010)
23 Enabling Technology Dense Plasma Focus Plasma Sheath (Toroid)
24 DPF Fields
25 Magnetic Field Evolution t = 1x10-8 1x10-7 s Theoretical Perturbation
26 Induced Electric Field Evolution Acts to initialize plasma motions
27 Kinetic Modeling Theoretical Potential field PLUS Perturbation Experimental Potential field PLUS DPF Perturbation
28 Kinetic Modeling Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations Solves plasma motion in charge density space y=0 Plane ; spine up/down z=0 Plane ; spine in/out
29 Engineering Considerations
30 Engineering Potential Field Twisted dipole -Copper -Non-superconducting
31 Engineering - DPF DPF Specifications -Mather/Fillipov design -Inner electrode (anode) radius -Outer electrode (cathode) radius -Axial radius (anode-cathode offset distance) -Anode length -Cathode length -Optimal conducting material -Optimal insulating material -Optimal plasma generation surface Fuel input -Number of feeds -Radius of feeds -Feed rate and pressure -Determines thrust
32 Engineering - Thermodynamics Electrode degradation due to charged particle bombardment DPF anode decay from fusion reactions After 10 3 shots Thermal analysis Heat losses Inefficiencies
33 Engineering - System
34 10 MW nuclear 200 kw SAFE-2 fission 100 kw ISS module Engineering Power
35 Summary - Show feasibility - Demonstrate proof-of-concept - Working towards first publication - MHD, kinetic models, engineering - Grant writing - FSGC, Space Technology Research, NIAC
36 Thank You
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