Exotic hidden-flavour at ATLAS: Search for X b à π + π - ϒ(1S)
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1 Exotic hidden-flavour at ALAS: Search for X b à π + π - ϒ(1S) Cameron Cuthbert for the ALAS collaboration November 1 th S
2 Outline 1. Spectroscopy at ALAS he building blocks: ψ and ϒ ψ(2s) reconstruction 2. Search for the X b in π + π - ϒ(1S) Motivation Reconstruction Binning ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) signal peaks Local significance and upper limits arxiv: (submitted to PLB) 3. Other states: ϒ(1 3 D J ), ϒ(186) and ϒ(112) 4. Conclusions and future plans 13/11/214 2
3 he building blocks: ϒ and ψ Entries / 5 MeV J/ (2S) rigger EF_2mu4_DiMu EF_2mu4_Jpsimumu EF_2mu4_Bmumu EF_2mu4_Upsimumu EF_mu4mu6_Jpsimumu EF_mu4mu6_Bmumu EF_mu4mu6_Upsimumu EF_mu2 ALAS Preliminary (1S) (2S) (3S) s = 7 ev L dt ~ 2.3 fb [GeV] he µ + µ - decay provides an ideal trigger for ϒ and ψ states: in 212, ALAS collected ~millions of each m µµ 13/11/214 3
4 ψ(2s)à π + π - J/ψ JHEP 9 (214) 79 Main task: ψ(2s) prompt + nonprompt cross sections Reconstruction: 1. µµ vertex fit à J/ψ candidates 2. π + π - µ + µ - vertex fit, with m(µ + µ - )=m(j/ψ) à ψ(2s) candidates S/B can be improved for weaker signals But, X(3872) is visible 13/11/214 4
5 X(3872) Decay (examples) π + π - J/ψ [discovery] D D * π + π - π J/ψ γj/ψ and γψ(2s) X(3872) J PC assignment CDF: 1 ++ or 2 -+ LHCb: 1 ++ Production Belle/BaBar: B ± à K ± X CDF/DØ: ppà X LHCb/ALAS: ppà X CMS: σ(pp->x)b π+π-j/ψ = 6.56% of the ψ(2s) value 13/11/214 5
6 X b : Motivation Mass, small Γ, J PC, decays à bad fit for conventional cc Examples of exotic models for X(3872) structure: heavy quark symmetry => bb X b analogue: J PC =1 ++, narrow and is produced in pp collisions Model-dependent mass predictions E.g. m=1.561 GeV for Swanson BB * molecule [PLB 588 (24) ] 13/11/214 6
7 X b : Analysis overview p he π + π - ϒ(1S) (c.f. π + π - J/ψ) channel provides an experimentally feasible search option: X b p µ - µ + ϒ(1S) π + π - 1. Reconstruct X b à π + π - ϒ(µµ) using large ALAS ϒ(µµ) sample 2. Either observe X b at mass M with significance z, or 3. Set upper limits for X b à π + π - ϒ(µµ) production 4. Also look for ϒ(1 3 D J ), ϒ(186), and ϒ(112) decays 13/11/214 7
8 X b : Reconstruction I. Find ϒà µ + µ - candidates: p (µ)>4 GeV ϒ trigger two combined µ tracks η(µ) <2.3 m(µµ)-m 1S <35 MeV Candidates / 1 MeV ALAS 18 s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb µµ 16 y < data otal Fit Background (1S) Component (3S) (2S) Component Component m(µ + µ ) [MeV] p X b p µ - µ + ϒ(1S) π + π - 13/11/214 8
9 X b : Reconstruction I. Find ϒà µ + µ - candidates: II. Add two tracks (ππ): p (µ)>4 GeV ϒ trigger two combined µ tracks η(µ) <2.3 m(µµ)-m 1S <35 MeV p (π)>4 MeV η(π) <2.5 4-track vertex fit m(µµ) = m 1S constraint χ 2 <2 masses < 11.2 GeV p X b p µ - µ + ϒ(1S) π + π - 13/11/214 9
10 X b : S/B separation in (p,cosϑ * ) X b rest frame ϑ * ππ X b, lab [GeV] p ϒ ALAS Simulation cos * Signal at GeV: high p, high cos ϑ* /11/ [GeV] p ALAS s = 7 ev, 4.6 fb cos * Bkg near GeV: low p, spread in cosϑ *
11 X b : S/B separation in (p,cosϑ * ) Analysis is split into 8 bins: y : barrel () and endcap (1.2< y <2.4) (different resolutions à different signal shapes) (p, cosϑ * ): into quadrants [GeV] p ALAS Simulation cos * Signal at GeV: high p, high cos ϑ* /11/ Bin boundaries optimise sensitivity at m=1.561 GeV
12 X b : S/B separation in (p,cosϑ * ) Analysis is split into 8 bins: y : barrel () and endcap (1.2< y <2.4) (different resolutions à different signal shapes) (p, cosϑ * ): into quadrants [GeV] p ALAS Simulation cos * Signal at GeV: high p, high cos ϑ* /11/ Signal bin fractions: Modelled with MC Validated with ϒ(2S)
13 X b : Summary of 212 data Different bkg. shape in each bin: fit with 2 nd -order Chebychev polynomials ϒ(2S) ϒ(3S) ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb p <2 GeV cosθ*< Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb p <2 GeV cosθ*> Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb p >2 GeV cosθ*< Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb p >2 GeV cosθ*> (a) Barrel, low p, low cos (b) Barrel, low p, high cos (c) Barrel, high p, low cos (d) Barrel, high p, high cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 1.2< y <2.4 p <2 GeV cosθ*< (e) Endcap, low p, low cos Candidates / 8 MeV 1 2 ALAS 18 s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb < y < p <2 GeV 12 cosθ*> /11/ (f) Endcap, low p, high cos Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 1.2< y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*< (g) Endcap, high p, low cos Fig. 7. he + (1S) invariant mass distributions for each of the analysis bins. No obvious signs of additional signal peaks Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 1.2< y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*> (h) Endcap, high p, high cos
14 X b : ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) peaks ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit b = /-.17 MeV N s = /- 72 m = /-.16 MeV m( + (1S)) [MeV] ϒ(2S): check signal shape + bin fractions agree with MC ϒ(3S): simult. fit to 8 analysis bins (z = 8.7, χ 2 reduced =1.) Both: check yields agree with predictions Candidates / 8 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb N s 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 139 +/- 21 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit p >2 GeV cos *> m( + (1S)) [MeV] 13/11/214 14
15 X b : Local significance Strategy: est for signal every 1 MeV Simult. fit across 8 analysis bins Binned, max. likelihood q test statistic Assume: Narrow state σ( y, p ) is ϒ(2S)/ϒ(3S)-like m ππ shape from phase-space p-value Observed Significance -5 1 Expected Significance for R = 3% -6 Expected Significance for R = 6.56% ALAS -8 1 s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb Parent Mass [MeV] Significance, z Exclude masses near m 2S or m 3S 13/11/214 15
16 X b : Upper limits 95% CL S upper limits every 1 MeV on R = σb/(σb) 2S Systematic uncertainties Gaussian-constrained nuisance parameters Unknown polarisation: Shifts limits up or down Weak mass dependence Represented here by error bar Upper Limit on R 95% CL S ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb Observed Median Expected ±1 Band ±2 Band RPP RP RPM LONG Parent Mass [MeV] Expected median is most restrictive to date for m>1.1 GeV 13/11/214 16
17 ϒ(1 3 D J ),ϒ(186), and ϒ(112) ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb N S = 23 +/ Data otal Fit Signal expected for =1 2S p >2 GeV cos *> ϒ(1 3 D J ) triplet: ried triplet fit à z=.12 J=2: σ[ϒ(1 3 D 2 )] <.55 σ[ϒ(2s)] using known π + π - ϒ(1S) branching (observed at CLEO+BaBar) 5 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit m( + (1S)) [MeV] Projection of fit to ϒ(186) ϒ(186) and ϒ(112): Broad different fitting model Γ ππϒ large for ϒ(186) No evidence for either state 13/11/214 17
18 Conclusion 1. Search for X b in the π + π - ϒ(1S) channel: ϒ(2S) as normalisation channel, and MC cross-check No evidence for any new states Upper limits of σb/(σb) 2S =.8% - 4.% 2. Search for ϒ(1 3 D J ), ϒ(186), and ϒ(112) No evidence for any of these states Set an upper limit σ[ϒ(1 3 D 2 )] <.55 σ[ϒ(2s)] 3. Future steps Expect X b à π + π - ϒ(1S) strongly isospin-suppressed. Other channels (e.g. π + π - χ b (np)) experimentally hard Are these alternatives feasible search channels? 13/11/214 18
19 Backup: X b Future steps Isospin-allowed channels may provide a future search option e.g. X b à π + π - χ b1 (np) (à γϒ(ms)) Experimentally challenging: γ is soft ECAL threshold E >2.5 GeV γà e + e - gives soft electrons Detector 13/11/ Candidates / (25 MeV) - µ + µ ALAS Ldt = 4.4 fb Data: (1S) Data: (2S) m(µ µ ) - m(µ Fit to (1S) Fit to (2S) Background to (1S) Background to (2S) Converted Photons + - µ ) + m (ks) acceptance? PRL 18 (212) 1521 (discovery paper) [GeV]
20 Backup: binning approach [GeV] p ALAS Simulation cos * S/ B estimate [arb. units] [GeV] p ALAS s = 7 ev, 4.6 fb cos * ΔR<.7 cut imprint on background near GeV /11/214 2
21 Backup: µ + µ - spectrum Candidates / 1 MeV ALAS 18 s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb µµ 16 y < data otal Fit Background (1S) Component (3S) (2S) Component Component m(µ + µ ) [MeV] Candidates / 1 MeV ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb µµ 1.2< y < data otal Fit Background (1S) Component (2S) Component (3S) Component apering at edges caused by χ 2 <2 cut on vertex Background modelled by same-sign muon sample m(µ + µ ) [MeV] 13/11/214 21
22 Backup: ϒ(2S) fits ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 19 +/- 15 N s 4 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit 2 p <2 GeV cosθ*< (a) Barrel, low p, low cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 165 +/- 43 N s Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit p <2 GeV cosθ*> (b) Barrel, low p, high cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb = 391 +/- 17 N s p >2 GeV cosθ*< 1 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit Data otal Fit Signal Component (c) Barrel, high p, low cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 747 +/- 18 N s Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit p >2 GeV cosθ*> (d) Barrel, high p, high cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 46 +/- 21 N s 1.2< y <2.4 p <2 GeV cosθ*< 3 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit (e) Endcap, low p, low cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component = 495 +/- 5 N s 1 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit 5 1.2< y <2.4 p <2 GeV cosθ*> (f) Endcap, low p, high cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb = 21 +/- 19 N s 1.2< y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*< 4 Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit Data otal Fit Signal Component (g) Endcap, high p, low cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb = 364 +/- 2 N s 1.2< y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*> Data - Fitted Bgd. otal Signal Fit 212 Data otal Fit Signal Component (h) Endcap, high p, high cos Fig. 8. Individual fits to each of the analysis bins in the (2S) region, with the signal mass fixed to the world-average value and simulation-based values used for the signal shape parameters. 13/11/214 22
23 Backup: ϒ(3S) fits ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit N S = 123 +/- 14 p <2 GeV cosθ*< ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit = 416 +/- 48 N S p <2 GeV cosθ*> ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit N S = 89 +/- 93 p >2 GeV cosθ*< ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit = 152 +/- 17 N S p >2 GeV cosθ*> 2 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (a) Barrel, low p, low cos 2 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (b) Barrel, low p, high cos Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (c) Barrel, high p, low cos 2 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (d) Barrel, high p, high cos ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit N S = 781 +/ < y <2.4 p <2 GeV cosθ*< ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit N S = 186 +/ < y <2.4 p <2 GeV cosθ*> ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit N S = 471 +/ < y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*< ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb 212 Data otal Fit = 772 +/- 89 N S 1.2< y <2.4 p >2 GeV cosθ*> Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (e) Endcap, low p, low cos 1 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (f) Endcap, low p, high cos 4 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (g) Endcap, high p, low cos 2 1 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit (h) Endcap, high p, high cos Fig. 9. he projections of a simultaneous fit to the (3S) region in each of the analysis bins. he mass is fixed to the world-average value, and the remaining signal shape parameters and bin splitting fractions are extracted from the (3S) simulation. he reduced- 2 for the fit is 1., the significance is z = 8.7 standard deviations and the fitted yield is N 3S = ± In each of the upper panels, zero is suppressed on the vertical axis. 13/11/214 23
24 Backup: polarisation uncertainty Upper Limit on R 95% CL S ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb FLA RPP RP RPM LONG Median Upper Limit (relative to FLA) ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb RPP RP RPM LONG Parent Mass [MeV] Parent Mass [MeV] Observed upper limits for four different extreme polarisation scenarios (1 longitudinal and 3 transverse) 13/11/214 24
25 Backup: ϒ(112) fit ALAS s = 8 ev, 16.2 fb N S = 15 +/ Data otal Fit Signal expected for B = ( B) p >2 GeV cos *> 2S 5 Data - Fitted Background otal Signal Fit 13/11/ m( + (1S)) [MeV]
26 Yield predictions Predicted Observed ϒ(2S) 333 ± ± 8 ϒ(3S) 114 ± ± 13 13/11/214 26
27 Systematic Uncertainties Signal shape parameters Signal bin splitting functions b [%] ec [%] f b [%] f ec [%] r b [%] r ec [%] S y [%] Sp b [%] Sp ec [%] S (1) cos [%] S(2) cos [%] S(3) cos [%] S(4) cos [%] Extracting f,r Extrapolating.1.2 Data/MC di erence in y scale factors 5.8 Production weighting Bin splittings: fit Bin splittings: parameterisation m + shape otal N 2S [%] / 2S [%] A/A 2S [%] / 2S A/A 2S [%] N 2S yield 2.3 vs. m: fit 1. vs. m: parameterisation.5 Production weighting 1. Acceptance Extrapolation 11.7 m + shape 17.3 otal /11/214 27
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