Unit One Worksheet Motion and Forces WS PS U1
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1 Unit One Worksheet Motion and Forces WS PS U1 Name Period Section 1.1 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 1. Why is a control important in an experiment? 2. Why is gravity an example of a scientific law? 3. You water your houseplant every Saturday. On Wednesday, you notice its leaves are drooping. You give it some water, and the leaves perk up. You conclude that you need to water twice a week. Was this a valid experiment? Explain. 4. What is the dependent variable in an experiment that shows how the volume of gas changes with changes in temperature? Place the following in logical order by writing the numbers 1 (for the first step) through 6 (the last step) for the numbered step. 5. analyze the data 6. test the hypothesis 7. form a hypothesis 8. gather information 9. state the problem 10. draw conclusions page 1 WS PS U1
2 Section 1.2 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. 11. Density A) Amount of space a substance occupies B) Mass divided by volume 12. Mass C) An exact quantity used for comparison D) Amount of matter in a substance 13. SI E) International System of Units that uses multiples of ten in its units 14. Standard 15. Volume Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the equation that expresses an equal value. 16. A) 1 L = 1 dm 3 B) 1 L = 1 cm A) 1 ml = 1 cm 3 B) 1 L = 1 cm A) 0 C = 273 K B) 0 K = 273 C 19. A) 1 kg = 100 g B) 1 kg = 1000 g 20. A) 400 cm = 4.0 m B) 400 cm = 0.40 m 21. A) 1 dm = 10 m B) 1 dm = 0.10 m 22. A) 1 Dm = 10 m B) 1 Dm = 0.10 m 23. A) 100 C = 373 K B) 373 K = 10 C Circling. Circle the units that would most likely be used to express each kind of measurement. Only circle one set of units per question. 24. volume of a solid: ml m 3 g/ml s K 25. volume of a liquid: ml m 3 g/ml s K 26. density of a material: L m 2 g/ml m 3 C 27. temperature: ml m 3 g s K 28. mass: ml m 3 g s K 29. time: m m 3 g s K 30. length: m m 3 g s K page 2 WS PS U1
3 Table Completion. Complete the table below by supplying the missing information of base SI units and symbols. 31. Measurement Base unit Symbol 35. meter mass second 37. temperature Problems. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper units. 39. What is the volume of a box if its length is 15 cm, its width is 10 cm, and its height is 5 cm? 40. A metal brick has a mass of 54 g. When submersed in water, it displaces 20 ml of water, meaning that the brick s volume is 20 cm 3. What is the density of the metal brick? 41. What is the metal described in Problem 40? (HINT: Use the density table in your notes.) page 3 WS PS U1
4 Section 1.3 Short Answer. Answer the following information based on the graphs provided. Graph A Graph of Temperature versus Time for the Heating of Water Time (in minutes) 42. What type of graph is Graph A? 43. What information is shown in Graph A? 44. What is the independent variable in Graph A? 45. On what axis is the independent variable plotted? 46. On what axis is the dependent variable plotted? page 4 WS PS U1
5 Graph B Height of Students In Mr. Geist's Class Height (in cm) 47. What type of graph is Graph B? 48. What information is shown in Graph B? 49. What is the most common height for students in Mr. Geist s class? Graph C Elements of Which Living Things Consist 0.30% 1.40% 2.30% 3% 10% 18% 65% Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Other elements Phosphorus Sulfur 50. What type of graph is Graph C? page 5 WS PS U1
6 51. What information is shown in Graph C? 52. What element makes up the largest part of living things? Section 2.1 Matching. Match the definition with the term that best correlates to it. 53. Average speed A) Distance and direction of an object s change in position from the starting point 54. Displacement B) Distance an object travels per unit of time C) Speed of an object at a given point in time 55. Distance D) Total distance that an object travels divided by the total time it takes to travel 56. Instantaneous speed that distance E) Describes the speed and direction of a 57. Speed moving object F) How far an object moves 58. Velocity Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes or answers the statement or question. 59. A sprinter runs 200 meters west and 100 meters east. Her displacement is. (A) 100 m (B) 100 m west (C) 100 m east (D) 300 m east 60. Speed can be calculated by dividing distance by. (A) time (B) velocity (C) direction (D) displacement 61. Earth s plates move only a few per year. (A) kilometers (B) meters (C) centimeters (D) micrometers 62. Two cars are each traveling at 72 km/h. One car is traveling northeast, and the other is traveling south. The two cards have different. (A) speeds (B) velocities page 6 WS PS U1
7 Graph Identification. Match the letters in the graph to the sentences that best correspond to them. 63. Ruth stops for 10 minutes to speak to a friend. 64. Ruth walks at a constant speed of 80 meters per minute. 65. Ruth jogs 600 meters in 5 minutes. Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper units. 66. If Ruth (from Question 65) runs 600 meters in 5 minutes, what is her speed? 67. If Ruth was to run 60 meters per minute in 5 minutes, how far did she run? 68. If Ruth was to run 600 meters at a speed of 60 meters per minute, how long did it take her to run? page 7 WS PS U1
8 Sections 2.2 and 2.3 Crossword Fill. Fill in the crossword with the correct words that correspond to the clues. Across Down 4. The rate of change of velocity 1. The distance an object travels per unit 7. The tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion 2. of time Forces on an object that are equal in 8. A push or pull that is exerted on an object 3. strength but opposite in direction A measure of how far an object has 9. The distance and direction of an object from a starting point 5. moved from a starting point speed is equal to the total distance 10. Equal, but opposite, forces are said to result in a(n) force of zero. traveled divided by the total time of travel. 11. Type of force that can change the velocity of a body at rest or in motion 6. Includes both the speed of an object and the direction it is moving 7. The rate of change in position at a given point in time is speed. Short Answer/Problem Solving. Answer the following questions. Show work or receive no credit when mathematics are involved. Include proper units. 69. How are velocity, time, and acceleration related mathematically? (In other words, what is the formula for acceleration that involves velocity and time?) page 8 WS PS U1
9 70. What is meant by the term negative acceleration? 71. A vehicle accelerates from 5 meters per second to 45 meters per second in 20 seconds. What is the vehicle s acceleration during this time interval? 72. Do forces always cause motion? Explain. 73. While trying to explain a physics concept, a student said, Stuff keeps doing what it s doing unless something messes with it. What law was this student summarizing? Explain your answer. 74. If you were to skydive to Earth s surface, would such a dive involve positive acceleration, negative acceleration, or no acceleration? Explain. 75. How do velocity and acceleration change, if at all, when firing a cannonball at an angle? Section 3.1 Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper units. 76. How much force is needed to accelerate a 1000-kg car at a rate of 3 m/s 2? 77. If a 70-kg swimmer pushes off a pool wall with a force of 250 N, at what rate will the swimmer accelerate from the wall? page 9 WS PS U1
10 78. A weightlifter raises a 200-kg barbell with an acceleration of 3 m/s 2. How much force does the weightlifter use to raise the barbell? 79. A dancer lifts his partner above his head with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s 2. The dancer exerts a force of 200 N. What is the mass of the partner? Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 80. What does Newton s second law of motion state? What two factors affect the rate of acceleration of an object? What are the three types of friction and when does each apply? 83. Type: When it applies: 84. Type: When it applies: 85. Type: When it applies: What three factors determine amount of air resistance? Sections 3.2 Short Answer. Answer the following questions. 89. What does the law of gravitation state? page 10 WS PS U1
11 90. If an object weighs 40 N on Earth, would it weigh more, less, or the same on the Moon? Explain. 91. Why does Earth exert a stronger gravitational force than the Moon? 92. What is gravity? 93. Are weight and mass the same? Explain. 94. What is the centripetal force that allows a car to move around a sharp curve in a roadway? 95. The exit ramps on highways are sometimes sharp curves. Why are the exit ramps constructed at an angle so that the outside of the curve is higher up (or banked)? What are the four basic forces of the universe? What two motions contribute to the path of a projectile? page 11 WS PS U1
12 What three factors determine amount of air resistance? Section 3.3 Short Answer. Answer the following questions Draw an arrow on Figure A to show the direction the cannon will move when the cannonball is fired. 106 Draw arrows on Figure B to show the direction the oars must move to propel the boat forward Does the arrow you drew on Figure A represent an action force or a reaction force? 108. Does the arrow you drew on Figure B represent an action force or a reaction force? 109. If the force that propels the cannonball forward is 500 N, how much force will move the cannon backward? Explain What does Newton s third law of motion state? 111. How can a rocket move through outer space where no matter exists for it to push on? page 12 WS PS U1
13 112. Some ballet directors assign larger dancers to perform slow, graceful steps and smaller dancers to perform quick movements. Does this plan make sense? Explain. (HINT: Consider the aspects that are talked about in the problem.) Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Show work or receive no credit. Include proper units What is the momentum of a 2-kg toy truck that moves at 10 m/s? 114. What is the momentum of a 2000-kg truck that moves at 10 m/s? 115. Compare the momentums of a 50-kg dolphin swimming 16 m/s and a 6300-kg elephant walking at 1 m/s. Which one has more momentum? Explain using calculations. page 13 WS PS U1
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