OPERA. physics motivation - CNGS OPERA detector ν τ appearance physics program R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

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1 OPERA physics motivation - CNGS OPERA detector ν τ appearance physics program 2006 R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

physics motivation SK: atmospheric neutrino anomaly

no ν µ ν e oscillation provide an unambiguous evidence for ν µ

looking for ν τ appearance in a pure ν µ beam search for

2 physics motivation SK: atmospheric neutrino anomaly interpretable as ν µ ν τ oscillation ν µ disappearance CHOOZ: no ν µ ν e oscillation provide an unambiguous evidence for ν µ ν τ oscillation in the region of atmospheric neutrinos by looking for ν τ appearance in a pure ν µ beam search for subleading ν µ ν e osc. beam CNGS (1999) CNGS1 (2000) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

CNGS beam CERN At given distance: ν µ flux

87% Gran Sasso underground lab OPERA ν µ / ν

3 CNGS beam CERN At given distance: ν µ flux optimized for the maximal number of ν τ CC interactions 732 km Hall B ν <Eν µ > 17 GeV Hall C (ν e +ν e )/ν µ 0.87% Gran Sasso underground lab OPERA ν µ / ν µ ν τ prompt 2.1% neglegible R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

4 CNGS beam commissioning : may/june 06 Beam delivery : mid july 06 He filled tube horn target R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

Napoli, Padova, Roma, Salerno, LNF, LNGS Aichi, Toho Kobe, Nagoya Utsunomiya Technion Haifa

5 The OPERA collaboration Brussels LAPP, LAL, IPNL, IRES Bern Neuchatel Hamburg, Rostock, Münster, Berlin, Hagen Zagreb Sofia INR ITEP JINR, Obninsk IHEP Beijing Shandong L Aquila, Bari, Bologna, Napoli, Padova, Roma, Salerno, LNF, LNGS Aichi, Toho Kobe, Nagoya Utsunomiya Technion Haifa Gyeongsang University METU Ankara 37 INSTITUTIONS, ~160 PHYSICISTS R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

basic unit: brick 1 mm The detector ν τ - Based on the concept of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) - Sandwich of 56 Pb sheets 1mm + emulsion layers - large mass for neutrino interactions - high

6 basic unit: brick 1 mm The detector ν τ - Based on the concept of the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) - Sandwich of 56 Pb sheets 1mm + emulsion layers - large mass for neutrino interactions - high spatial resolution (δx 1µm, δθ 1mrad) Pb emulsion layers plastic 10 X 0 ECC = stand-alone detector: neutrino interaction vertex kink topology reconstruction momentum measurements for hadrons (multiple scattering) π/µ separation at low energy (de/dx) energy measurements for e,γ 8.3kg 10.2 x 12.7 x 7.5 cm 3 R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

7 improved techniques developed R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

brick cannot do: trigger for neutrino interaction µ identification and

Target Trackers Spectrometer Emulsion analysis: Vertex, decay kink e/γ

brick Link to mu ID, Candidate event Basic cell Pb/Em.

8 brick cannot do: trigger for neutrino interaction µ identification and momentum + charge measurement Hybrid detector Electronic detectors: Target Trackers Spectrometer Emulsion analysis: Vertex, decay kink e/γ ID, supermodule mult. scat., kinematics 8 m Extract selected brick Pb/Em. brick Link to mu ID, Candidate event Basic cell Pb/Em. target Brick finding muon ID, charge and p 8 cm Pb Emulsion 1 mm R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

9 Detector structure 31 target planes / supermodule (in total: bricks, 1766 tons) SM1 SM2 υ Targets Magnetic Spectrometers Proposal: July 2000, installation at LNGS started in May 2003 R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

10 Event rates / integrated rates: ν µ CC ν µ NC ν µ CC OPERA* ktons Event rates in 5 years for 4.5 x pot /year in shared mode ν τ CC interactions ν e CC 186 m 2 OPERA ν e CC 16 1 x 10-3 ev x 10-3 ev x 10-3 ev * Average target mass (additional 10K events in the OPERA magnets) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

Target tracker Target SM1 completed Oct.

11 Target tracker Target SM1 completed Oct. `05 Target SM2 completed June `06 7m 7000m² in total (X,Y) sc. Strips 7m x 2.5cm x 1cm 496 modules (4X+4Y per plane) 1000 MaPMT (Hamamatsu 64ch.) Top view Side view magnet Brick wall: Mech. Accuracy <1mm 0.6% of target mass Target mass per wall: 30t R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

12 BMS 1 completed BMS 2 in install. all TT & Brick walls Installed R. Zimmermann XPC 1&2, HPT 1&2 Completed Magnet 1&2 + RPC Completed Dortmund, April 2006 Mechanical structure Completed 12

DAQ Internet External lab Undergound lab Veto trigger TT DAQ 1 CISCO 2950 Gigabit ethernetwork

2 8 RPC trigger PT DAQ 1 XPC trigger CISCO 3750 CISCO 3750 Optical link TT DAQ 2 CISCO 2950 ORACLE

trigger XPC trigger GPS antenna PT trigger E/O event time stamp using GPS clock Ready for

13 DAQ Internet External lab Undergound lab Veto trigger TT DAQ 1 CISCO 2950 Gigabit ethernetwork (1200 nodes) All parts available firewall RPC DAQ 1 General Server DHCP DNS Manager RPC trigger PT DAQ 1 XPC trigger CISCO 3750 CISCO 3750 Optical link TT DAQ 2 CISCO 2950 ORACLE D.B. Server & replicant RPC DAQ 2 PT DAQ GPS clock PC PT trigger E/O RPC trigger XPC trigger GPS antenna PT trigger E/O event time stamp using GPS clock Ready for installation Heart of DAQ: Mezzanine (CPU, Memory, FPGA, clock Receiver, ethernet) Final version in test Veto T.T. RPC XPC PT T.T. RPC XPC PT TT: 992 boards produced (ADC, DAC, HV, test pulse) TT DAQ running RPC: 54 needed (prod.) HPT: 96 TDC boards needed all produced R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

14 Brick Assembling Machine Plastic protection Al spider Al tape for wrapping BAM clean-dark room BAM clean-light room 5 piling pressing stations Lead unpacking BAM lead-drum room BAM site underground : completed november 05 Lead transportation ~ 23 million lead plates + emulsion sheets ~ 206,000 bricks at a rate of ~ 2 bricks/minute R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

15 Brick Manipulator System BMS1 rock side installed, being commissioned Brick Manipulator Drum for brick transfer Storage Carrousel R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

16 Scanning Japan + Europe European system: 0.3 µm spatial resolution 2 mrad angular resolution 20 cm²/h scanning speed achieved With 25 systems (9labs) 15 bricks/day (1 shift) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

17 physics potential τ detection efficiencies(in % and including BR) θ kink > 20mrad impact parameter I.P. > 5 to 20 µm DIS long QE long DIS short Overall (weighted) τ e τ µ τ h Total % R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

18 Expected number of т events full mixing, 5 years 4.5 x10 19 pot / year m kton fiducial 1.9 x 10-3 ev 2 6.6(10) 2.4 x 10-3 ev (15.8) 3.0x 10-3 ev (24.6) BKGD 0.7(1.1) + improved brick finding + 3 prong decay Background reduction 8.0(12.1) 8.0(12.1) 12.8(19.2) 12.8(19.2) 19.9(29.9) 19.9(29.9) 1.0(1.5) 0.8(1.2) ( ) with CNGS beam upgrade (X 1.5) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

19 Discovery potential (4σ)) vs beam intensity 90 % CL Sensitivity F&C Opera with beam upgrade and 30% bck reduction Opera, with beam upgrade (1.5) Opera with 30% bck reduction Opera nominal SK 90% CL (L/E analysis) (but with 3π events and new BF ) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

20 physics program 2006 OPERA foresees the completion of the filling with bricks of SM1 beginning of august 2006 physics run after completion and commissioning of CNGS beam: 1. low intensity run integrating 0.3 x pot (intensity limited to 2 x pot/d 15 interactions/d) after beam complete commissioned record ~220 ν interactions + ~500 µ from ν interact. in surrounding material 2. normal high intensity run (~4 x pot/cycle) integrating pot after SM1 complete filled validation and monitoring of the CNGS ν beam, check of interaction rates, energy distribution, analysis of µ charge check ν/ν content understanding the efficiency of the OPERA detector check of decay analysis chain measurement of the background sources tuning of the kinematical analysis oscillation searches R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

21 end R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

22 Sin 2 2θ 13 sensitivity Assuming : θ 23 =π/4, m 2 23 = 2.5 x 10-3 ev 2 sin 2 2θ 13 CHOOZ 5 years nominal systematics Pot(x10 19 ) R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

23 CNGS T2K complementary R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

24 Expected number of BG events (5 years) (in red : possible improvements) τ e τ µ τ h total Charm background Large angle µ scattering Hadronic background Total per channel Charm BG πµ id by de/dx reduces BG by 40% Large angle µ scattering Incl. nuclear form factors give factor 5 less Hadronic BG Comparision of FLUKA with CHORUS data and GEANT 4 Reduction of uncertainty by 15% R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

Tau search in SuperK Large uncertainties on the background expectation : The asymetric shape implies a CC dominated background which is sensitive

25 Tau search in SuperK Large uncertainties on the background expectation : The asymetric shape implies a CC dominated background which is sensitive to oscillation parameters appearance and disappearance results are not coherent S/B ~ sigma effect R. Zimmermann Dortmund, April

A. Chukanov On behalf of OPERA collaboration JINR, Dubna TAUP 2011, Munich, 5-9 september, 2011

A. Chukanov On behalf of OPERA collaboration JINR, Dubna TAUP 2011, Munich, 5-9 september, 2011 Outline OPERA experiment Event location procedure n t candidate Background estimation Conclusion 2 OPERA: