Comparison of static chambers to measure N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes from soils: results
|
|
|
- Norma Terry
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Comparison of static chambers to measure N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes from soils: results Mari Pihlatie, Jesper Riis Christiansen, Hermanni Aaltonen, Janne Korhonen, Jukka Pumpanen, Terhi Rasilo, Ana Paula Rosa, Giuseppe Benanti, Jatta Hirvensalo, Michael Giebels, Mohamed Helmy, Peter Schreiber, Radoslaw Juszczak, Roland Klefoth, Sara Vicca, Serça Dominique, Stephanie Jones, Raquel Lobo do Vale, Benjamin Wolf
2 Content What does the data look like? How do we calculate the fluxes from the reference chamber (Pumpeli)? Performance of the calibration system Chamber fluxes versus reference fluxes Future work
3 The calibration system (Pumpeli) Quartz sand Gas samples Gas samples N 2 O CH 4 FANS 17 mm 1 mm 113mm
4 What does the data look like? N2O concentration (ppmv) N2O concentration (ppmv) Calibration tank (Pumpeli) concentrations FL FL2 N2O concentration (ppmv) time (min) time (min) N2O concentration (ppmv) FL time (min) N2O concentration (ppmv) time (min) FL3 FL time (min)
5 Some problems during the campaign Autosampler problem: gas vials not pressurized (week 35) GC problem: Much of the N 2 O data useless Non-linearity of the ECD (can be possibly corrected?) Unstability of the GC
6 How the reference fluxes are calculated? Flux from the tank (Pumpeli) according to Pumpanen et al. (24): F V( C ( t ) ( C ( t )) V (( C ( t ) C ( t ))/2 ( C ( t ) C ( t ))/2) f 1 f 2 s f 1 amb 1 f 2 amb 2 ( t t ) A 2 1 Where C f (t i ) = fitted gas concentration inside the tank at time t i C amb (t i ) = ambient gas concentration at time t i V = volume of the tank (1 m 3 ) V s = volume of air-filled porosity in the sand A = surface area of the sand layer Time steps 5 min Gas samples N 2 O CH 4 Quartz sand FANS 113mm Gas samples 17 mm 1 mm
7 N2O concentration (ppmv) FL5 y = e -.9x R 2 = g N 2 O m -2 h g N 2 O m -2 h CH4 concentration (ppmv) time (min) y = e -.15x R 2 = g CH 4 m -2 h g CH 4 m -2 h time (min)
8 Performance of the calibration system 25 Reference flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Coarse dry CH 4 concentration in pumpeli Reference flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Reference flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Fine dry Fine wet CH 4 concentration in pumpeli CH 4 concentration in pumpeli
9 Comparable to the CO 2 campaign
10 Not so good with N 2 O 4 Reference flux ( g N2O m -2 h -1 ) Coarse dry CH 4 concentration in pumpeli Reference flux ( g N2O m -2 h -1 ) Reference flux ( g N2O m -2 h -1 ) Fine dry CH 4 concentration in pumpeli Fine wet CH 4 concentration in pumpeli
11 How the chamber fluxes are calculated? Linear regression Exponential fit (not yet) Other calculation methods (not yet)
12 Data examples Flux level 5 Coarse sand linear regression 2.56 N2O conc (ppmv) y = e -.9x R 2 = Chamber N 2 O concentration y =.4538x R 2 = µg N m -2 h Time (min).2 Pumpeli N 2 O concentration N2O conc (ppmv).1 18 µg N m -2 h time after enclosure (h)
13 Flux level 4 Coarse sand y = e -.12x R 2 =.9992 CH4 conc (ppmv) µg C m -2 h time (min) CH4 conc (ppmv) y = x R 2 =.992 Series1 Expon. (Series1) 238 µg C m -2 h time after enclosure (h)
14 Exponential behaviour 8 7 CH4 conc (ppmv) y = x R 2 = Running time (seconds) CH4conc (ppmv) Series1 Linear (Series1) time after enclosure (h)
15 Chamber fluxes vs. reference fluxes Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) : Peter coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 ) Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) : Jatta coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 )
16 Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) : Stephanie coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 ) 37: Mohamed coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 )
17 Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) : Radek coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 ) 38: Michael coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 )
18 Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Giuseppe coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 ) Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Roland coarse dry fine dry fine wet Chamber flux ( g CH4 m -2 h -1 ) Sara coarse dry fine dry fine wet Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 ) Reference flux ( g CH 4 m -2 h -1 )
19 Future work Process the missing data Use different flux calculation methods for chambers Compare chamber fluxes to the MEGA chamber Estimate a leak rate using Chamber A / Pumpeli surface A Collar insertion depth Other? Roland Klefoth D=19cm Week 39 Calibration tank D = 1 cm Guiseppe Benanti 5 x 5 cm Week 39 Sara Vicca D=1 cm Week 39
20 Calibration Peter Schreiber tank D = 61 x cm Week 34 Roland Klefoth D=19cm Week 39 Calibration tank D = 1 cm Guiseppe Benanti 5 x 5 cm Week 39 Sara Vicca D=1 cm Week 39
21 Flux calculation Linear regression Exponential fit F dc dt H dc() t Ag g ( Cs C) ( Cs C) dt V H Where A = chamber basal area (m 2 ) g = transport coefficient (m s -1 ) V = chamber volume (m 3 ) C s = gas concentration in the soil C = gas concentration at time (ambient) H = chamber height (m) B' B' C( t) ( C ) e A' A' A' At ' Ag AgCs B' V V
Measuring soil respiration in the field different chamber designs
Measuring soil respiration in the field different chamber designs Introduction Earliest studies on soil respiration were conducted by incubating soil cores in laboratory (Lundegårdh 1922). Later a need
Soil Vapor Survey: A Gasoline Plume Beneath A Residence And The Implications For Additional Corrective Action Or Case Closure
Soil Vapor Survey: A Gasoline Plume Beneath A Residence And The Implications For Additional Corrective Action Or Case Closure William R Chapman Senior Geologist VA DEQ NRO Remediation Program 22nd National
Unsaturated Flow (brief lecture)
Physical Hydrogeology Unsaturated Flow (brief lecture) Why study the unsaturated zone? Evapotranspiration Infiltration Toxic Waste Leak Irrigation UNSATURATAED ZONE Aquifer Important to: Agriculture (most
Electronic Supplementary Material Experimentally Validated Mathematical Model of Analyte Uptake by Permeation Passive Samplers
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Material Experimentally Validated Mathematical
Approach Estimating Mercury Dry Deposition for AMNeT Leiming Zhang
Approach Estimating Mercury Dry Deposition for AMNeT Leiming Zhang Air Quality esearch Division Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada, Toronto Gaseous oxidized Hg (GOM) Particulate-bound Hg
3.5. Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy -AMS -
3.5. Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy -AMS - AMS is a method which counts radioactive particles ( 14 C) rather than measuring the characteristic decay activity. Comparison Traditional 14 C dating and AMS
HPLC-MS of the Initial Perfluorinated Surfactants and Shorter Chains:
Details of the Analytical Procedures and Reactor Configurations. HPLC-MS of the Initial Perfluorinated Surfactants and Shorter Chains: Analysis for initial PF surfactant and possible shorter-chain products
The CPT in unsaturated soils
The CPT in unsaturated soils Associate Professor Adrian Russell (UNSW) Mr David Reid (Golder Associates) Prof Nasser Khalili (UNSW) Dr Mohammad Pournaghiazar (UNSW) Dr Hongwei Yang (Uni of Hong Kong) Outline
Principles of soil water and heat transfer in JULES
Principles of soil water and heat transfer in JULES Anne Verhoef 1, Pier Luigi Vidale 2, Raquel Garcia- Gonzalez 1,2, and Marie-Estelle Demory 2 1. Soil Research Centre, Reading (UK); 2. NCAS-Climate,
Development and testing of improved physically based streambank erosion and sediment routing routines in SWAT
Development and testing of improved physically based streambank erosion and sediment routing routines in SWAT Balaji Narasimhan, P. M. Allen, Stephanie Capello, and Dave Coffman, J.G. Arnold, and R. Srinivasan
CE 240 Soil Mechanics & Foundations Lecture 5.2. Permeability III (Das, Ch. 6) Summary Soil Index Properties (Das, Ch. 2-6)
CE 40 Soil Mechanics & Foundations Lecture 5. Permeability III (Das, Ch. 6) Summary Soil Index Properties (Das, Ch. -6) Outline of this Lecture 1. Getting the in situ hydraulic conductivity 1.1 pumping
TI 226H Calibration of Flow Check Devices using Positive Displacement Flow Meter
Page 1 of 9 TI 226H Calibration of Flow Check Devices using Positive Displacement Flow Meter TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PURPOSE AND APPLICABILITY... 2 2. RESPONSIBILITIES... 2 2.1. Field Specialist... 2 2.2.
MICHELL TECHNOLOGIES FOR MOISTURE. Calibration. General Principles & Theory, Equipment Considerations
Calibration General Principles & Theory, Equipment Considerations Metrological Principles Accurate but not Precise Calibration A A+ Correction = Precise but not Accurate Correction B Ref Std (Radio Link
Performance evaluation of an insitu instrument for measuring 13. C-CO 2 in urban air. Reporter: Jiaping Xu
Performance evaluation of an insitu instrument for measuring 13 C-CO 2 in urban air Reporter: Jiaping Xu 2012-12-21 Outline 1. background 2. objective 3. The installment and setting of Picarro 4. The performance
Moisture Sorption Analysis of Pharmaceuticals
Moisture Sorption Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Robert L. Hassel, Ph.D. TA Instruments, 109 Lukens Drive, New Castle, DE 19720, USA ABSTRACT This paper describes the design features of the Q5000 SA, a new
Clinical Chemistry Quality Control Policies, Processes, & Procedures
Clinical Chemistry Quality Control Policies, Processes, & Procedures Prepared By: Brendan Jones Clinical Chemistry Quality Supervisor Laverty Pathology What is Quality Control? The statistical process
Techniques for measuring ammonia emissions from land applications of manure and fertiliser
NADP Ammonia Workshop, Washington DC, 22-24 October 2003 Techniques for measuring ammonia emissions from land applications of manure and fertiliser Tom Misselbrook and Fiona Nicholson Institute of Grassland
5. Which surface soil type has the slowest permeability rate and is most likely to produce flooding? A) pebbles B) sand C) silt D) clay A) B) C) D)
1. During a heavy rainstorm, soil samples A and B both became saturated with water. However, 10 minutes after the storm ended, the soils appeared as shown below. Which statement best explains the observed
1 Water Beneath the Surface
CHAPTER 16 1 Water Beneath the Surface SECTION Groundwater KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are two properties of aquifers? How is the water table related to the land
Thermal Coatings for In-vacuum Radiation Cooling LIGO-T C R. Abbott, S. Waldman, Caltech 12 March, 2007
Thermal Coatings for In-vacuum Radiation Cooling LIGO-T070054-00-C R. Abbott, S. Waldman, Caltech 12 March, 2007 1. Overview and Background 1.1. There are instances in LIGO where the use of electronics
IF YOU CAN T SOLVE PROBLEM 1, ASSUME stability = D, width = 400m, height = 400m, flow = 10 6 m 3 /s
NAME: 75 MINUTES; HAND IN YOUR 1 SHEET OF NOTES WITH THE EXAM; ASK FOR EXTRA PAPER IF NEEDED. MAKE (AND STATE) ANY REASONABLE ASSUMPTIONS NECESSARY TO GET AN ANSWER IN ADDITION TO THOSE GIVEN. CHECKING
General Accreditation Guidance. Liquid-in-glass thermometers selection, use and calibration
General Accreditation Guidance Liquid-in-glass thermometers selection, use and calibration January 2018 Copyright National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia 2013 This publication is protected
EFFECT OF CLAY PARTICLE CONTENT ON LIQUEFACTION OF SOIL
56 EFFECT OF CLAY PARTICLE CONTENT ON LIQUEFACTION OF SOIL RenWang LIANG, XiaoHong BAI 2 And JiaChen WANG 3 SUMMARY This paper presents the results of experimental research and analysis of liquefaction
Lesson 1.2 The Product and the Quotient of Powers
Lesson. The Product and the Quotient of Powers Use the product of powers property to simplify numerical expressions. a) 8 8 8 9 Use the product of powers property. b) () 3 () 7 () 3 () 7 () 3 7 () 0 0
Cumulative weight retained
A sample of 1000 g of soil from a site was performed sieve analysis. The weights of soil collected on each sieve are presented in the tabular entry. Find effective diameter, D 30, D 60 and coefficients
Monitoring of In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) with Time Series Geophysical Surveys
Monitoring of In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) with Time Series Geophysical Surveys Philip T. Harte, P.G. U.S. Geological Survey ptharte@usgs.gov 603-226-7813 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological
Appendix A. Fluorinated Silane Coating Procedure for Pyrex and Quartz
Appendix A. Fluorinated Silane Coating Procedure for Pyrex and Quartz Coating Compound: United Cemical Tecnologies Compound #T2494 1. Mix te coating solution: a. Start wit a 200 cm 3 etanol to 10 cm 3
Supporting Information for Nonlinear Response of Iceberg Side Melting to Ocean Currents
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Supporting Information for Nonlinear Response of Iceberg Side Melting to Ocean Currents A. FitzMaurice 1, C. Cenedese 2, and F. Straneo 2 Contents of this file 1. Text S1 to
Elementary Reactions
Updated: 3 September 2013 Print version Lecture #5 Kinetics and Thermodynamics: Fundamentals of Kinetics and Analysis of Kinetic Data (Benjamin, 1.6) (Stumm & Morgan, Chapt.2 ) (pp.16-20; 69-81) David
THEORY. Water flow. Air flow
THEORY Water flow Air flow Does Suction Gradient Cause Flow? Coarse stone Fine ceramic Suction gradient to the right No suction gradient but still flow Does water content gradient cause Flow? Suction gradient
Prof. B V S Viswanadham, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
13 Permeability and Seepage -2 Conditions favourable for the formation quick sand Quick sand is not a type of sand but a flow condition occurring within a cohesion-less soil when its effective stress is
VIBRATION-INDUCED CONDUCTIVITY FLUCTUATION (VICOF) TESTING OF SOILS *
VIBRATION-INDUCED CONDUCTIVITY FLUCTUATION (VICOF) TESTING OF SOILS * L. B. KISH, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3128, USA C. L. S. MORGAN,
Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Five Pumps in Hydrochloric Acid. Submitted to: Reto Schoeb Levitronix GmbH. Submitted by:
CT Associates, Inc. 72 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344-356 Telephone: (952) 470-066 Fax: (952) 942-0293 Website: http://www.ctassociatesinc.com Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Five Pumps in
Modified Dry Mixing (MDM) a new possibility in Deep Mixing
Modified Dry Mixing (MDM) a new possibility in Deep Mixing Hercules Geo-Trans 2004 1 Structure of presentation 1. The MDM process 2. The MDM system new possibilities 3. Major advantages 4. Field tests
Sand Properties. understanding common tests. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Particulate Media Research Laboratory
Georgia Construction Aggregate Association Workshop 2008 Sand Properties understanding common tests Douglas Cortes Carlos Santamarina School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Particulate Media Research
METHOD OF TEST FOR RELATIVE DENSITY AND ABSORPTION OF FINE AGGREGATE
Laboratory Testing Manual Date: 12 04 01 Page 1 of 10 METHOD OF TEST FOR RELATIVE DENSITY AND ABSORPTION OF FINE AGGREGATE 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method covers the determination of relative density (oven-dry
Integration, Separation of Variables
Week #1 : Integration, Separation of Variables Goals: Introduce differential equations. Review integration techniques. Solve first-order DEs using separation of variables. 1 Sources of Differential Equations
AAE SOLID ROCKET PROPULSION (SRP) SYSTEMS
7. SOLID ROCKET PROPULSION (SRP) SYSTEMS Ch7 1 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1 INTRODUCTION Ch7 2 APPLICATIONS FOR SRM APPLICATIONS FOR SRM Strap-On Boosters for Space Launch Vehicles, Upper Stage Propulsion System
Integrated Ground Behavior
Integrated Ground Behavior Part A: Particle-level Phenomena & Macroscale Behavior (J. Carlos Santamarina) Georgia Institute of Technology fluid particles microorganisms mineral size shape surface charge
ESTIMATED DESERT-DUST ICE NUCLEI
ESTIMATED DESERT-DUST ICE NUCLEI PROFILES FROM CALIPSO Eleni Marinou *, Vassilis Amiridis, Albert Ansmann, Athanasios Nenes, Dimitris Balis, Rodanthi Mamouri, Alexandra Tsekeri, Ioannis Binietoglou, Dimitra
Petrophysical Rock Typing: Enhanced Permeability Prediction and Reservoir Descriptions*
Petrophysical Rock Typing: Enhanced Permeability Prediction and Reservoir Descriptions* Wanida Sritongthae 1 Search and Discovery Article #51265 (2016)** Posted June 20, 2016 *Adapted from oral presentation
Tutorial 6 (week 6) Solutions
THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY PURE MATHEMATICS Linear Mathematics 9 Tutorial 6 week 6 s Suppose that A and P are defined as follows: A and P Define a sequence of numbers { u n n } by u, u, u and for all n,
A Comparative Analysis of Fuel Oxygenates in Soil by Dynamic and Static Headspace Utilizing the HT3 TM Automatic Headspace Analyzer
A Comparative Analysis of Fuel Oxygenates in Soil by Dynamic and Static Headspace Utilizing the HT3 TM Automatic Headspace Analyzer Application Note By: Anne Jurek Abstract This application note presents
The Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture Conditions on Inter-rill Soil Erosion
The Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture Conditions on Inter-rill Soil Erosion Ilja van Meerveld Ilja.van.meerveld@vu.nl Acknowledgements p Andrew Barry p Graham Sanders p Jean-Yves Parlange p Seifeddine
MAX300-BIO Bioreactor and Fermentation Gas Analyzer. Providing Solutions for Gas Analysis
+ MAX300-BIO Bioreactor and Fermentation Gas Analyzer Providing Solutions for Gas Analysis + Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (QMS) For 50 years Extrel has supplied Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers systems and
Supplementary information for manuscript. Burning of Olive Tree Branches: A Major Organic Aerosol Emission Source in the Mediterranean
Supplementary information for manuscript Burning of Olive Tree Branches: A Major Organic Aerosol Emission Source in the Mediterranean Evangelia Kostenidou 1, Christos Kaltsonoudis 1,2, Maria Tsiflikiotou
Environmental Applications
Environmental Applications Gamma ray Spectrometry Paul Nolan University of Liverpool Gamma ray spectrometry of environmental samples is a standard technique Germanium detector Programs available for spectrum
Effect of Cementation on the Shear Strength of Tehran Gravelly Sand Using Triaxial Tests
Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 5(): 65-7 (24) University of Tehran, ISSN 6-4 Effect of Cementation on the Shear Strength of Tehran Gravelly Sand Using Triaxial Tests E. Asghari,, * D. G.
On the hydraulic properties of coarse-textured sediments at intermediate water contents
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 39, NO. 9, 1233, doi:10.1029/2003wr002387, 2003 On the hydraulic properties of coarse-textured sediments at intermediate water contents Raziuddin Khaleel Fluor Federal Services,
Mark Leslie Stephens. February A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Transient Response Analysis for Fault Detection and Pipeline Wall Condition Assessment in Field Water Transmission and Distribution Pipelines and Networks by Mark Leslie Stephens February 2008 A Thesis
The Use of Tracers to Validate CO 2 Migration Paths and Rates Detection and Monitoring of Migration and Leakage
The Use of Tracers to Validate CO 2 Migration Paths and Rates Detection and Monitoring of Migration and Leakage Linda Stalker Science Director for the National Geosequestration Laboratory (NGL) Matt Myers
PARAMETERS FOR MODELLING SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS USING COUPLED THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS
PARAMETERS FOR MODELLING SHALLOW GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS USING COUPLED THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS José Miguel Quintela Cruz miguel.q.cruz@gmail.com Instituto Superior Técnico ABSTRACT A thermal-hydro-mechanical
Overview of Convection Heat Transfer
Overview of Convection Heat Transfer ME 448/548 Notes Gerald Recktenwald Portland State University Department of Mechanical Engineering gerry@me.pdx.edu February 23, 2012 ME 448/548: Convection Heat Transfer
CONTENTS. Introduction LHP Library Examples Future Improvements CARMEN GREGORI DE LA MALLA EAI. ESTEC, October 2004
CARMEN GREGORI DE LA MALLA EAI CONTENTS Introduction LHP Library Examples Future Improvements INTRODUCTION (1) Loop heat pipes (LHP) are two-phase capillary heat transfer devices that are becoming very
Changes in soil deformation and shear strength by internal erosion
Changes in soil deformation and shear strength by internal erosion C. Chen & L. M. Zhang The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China D. S. Chang AECOM Asia Company Ltd., Hong Kong,
Twice-Annual Station Maintenance and Calibration Report BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK February 1, 2012
Twice-Annual Station Maintenance and Calibration Report BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK February 1, 212 National Park Service Gaseous Pollutant Monitoring Program Prepared by Air Resource Specialists, Inc. under
Overview of Convection Heat Transfer
Overview of Convection Heat Transfer ME 448/548 Notes Gerald Recktenwald Portland State University Department of Mechanical Engineering gerry@me.pdx.edu February 23, 2012 ME 448/548: Convection Heat Transfer
115.3 Assignment #9 Solutions
115. Assignment #9 Solutions-1 115. Assignment #9 Solutions 8.1-12 Solve the differential equation d dx = 2(1 ), where 0 = 2 for x 0 = 0. d 1 = 2dx d 1 = 2dx ln 1 =2x + C Find C b inserting the Initial
FT-IR Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gases and their Fluxes
FT-IR Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gases and their Fluxes David W.T. Griffith Reproduced from: Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy John M. Chalmers and Peter R. Griffiths (Editors) John Wiley & Sons
Field experiments for studying the effects of Soot on Snow in Finland
Field experiments for studying the effects of Soot on Snow in Finland Aki Virkkula 1, Onni Järvinen 2, Antti Aarva 1, Niku Kivekäs 1, Jonas Svensson 1, Heikki Lihavainen 1, Antti Hyvärinen 1, David Brus
Thermal Oxidation of Si
Thermal Oxidation of General Properties of O 2 Applications of thermal O 2 Deal-Grove Model of Oxidation Thermal O 2 is amorphous. Weight Density = 2.20 gm/cm 3 Molecular Density = 2.3E22 molecules/cm
Appendix: Laboratory Testing Methods
Appendix: Laboratory Testing Methods A.1 Heavy Metals Testing Based on Method 200.8 (USEPA 1994), nitric and hydrochloric acid digestion was carried out to extract total recoverable heavy metals from the
Model of Dry Matter and Plant Nitrogen Partitioning between Leaf and Stem for Coastal Bermudagrass. II. Dependence on Growth Interval
JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION Vol. 27, No. 9, pp. 1593 1600, 2004 Model of Dry Matter and Plant Nitrogen Partitioning between Leaf and Stem for Coastal Bermudagrass. II. Dependence on Growth Interval A. R.
Petrochemical. Transformer Oil Gas Analysis - TOGA
Petrochemical Transformer Oil Gas Analysis - TOGA www.dps-instruments.com The DPS TOGA GC Systems are designed to analyze oil from electrical insulation materials that may have decomposed under thermal,
Increasing droplet size in pneumatic cannon type nozzles to reduce spray drift
Increasing droplet size in pneumatic cannon type nozzles to reduce spray drift Paolo Balsari, Antonio Miranda Fuentes, Paolo Marucco, Emilio J. González Sánchez, Emilio Gil, Marco Grella Introduction Pneumatic
CPT Applications - Liquefaction 2
CPT Applications - Liquefaction 2 Peter K. Robertson CPT in Geotechnical Practice Santiago, Chile July, 2014 Definitions of Liquefaction Cyclic (seismic) Liquefaction Zero effective stress (during cyclic
General Description DTS27X X -X X X -X. Lead. 27X coil1. R1 = R2 = 470Ω C1 = C2 = 2.2 μ F The R, C value need to be fine tuned base on coils design.
Features - On-chip Hall sensor with two different sensitivity and hysteresis settings for - 3.5V to 18V operating voltage - 35mA (avg) output sink current - Built-in protecting diode only for chip reverse
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: Artificial Fill, Undocumented (Afu): Locally derived sandy silt and silty sand, locally with clay and varying amounts of gravel and man-made debris. Abundant concrete rubble, in places
Soil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics
Soil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics KENJI ISHIHARA Department of Civil Engineering Science University of Tokyo This publication was supported by a generous donation from the Daido Life Foundation
Lecture 9 Thermal Analysis
Lecture 9 Thermal Analysis 16.0 Release Introduction to ANSYS Mechanical 1 2015 ANSYS, Inc. February 27, 2015 Chapter Overview In this chapter, performing steady-state thermal analyses in Mechanical will
Black Hole thermodynamics
Black Hole thermodynamics I Black holes evaporates I Black holes have a partition function For a Schwarzschild black hole, the famous Bekenstein-Hawking results are: T = 1 8 M S = A 4G = 4 r + 4G Note
University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, US, Tel: (614) 292-
2013 World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference - April 22-25, 2013 in Lexington, KY http://www.flyash.info/ Liquefaction Potential of Impounded Class F Fly Ash Nathan A. Yencho 1, Brian C. Dudley 1, Pedro J.
COMPUTER MODELLING OF HEAT AND MASS FLOW IN STEAMING GROUND AT KARAPITI THERMAL AREA, NEW ZEALAND
PROCEEDINGS, Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 26-28, 2004 SGP-TR-175 COMPUTER MODELLING OF HEAT AND MASS FLOW IN STEAMING GROUND
Rocket Propulsion Overview
Rocket Propulsion Overview Seitzman Rocket Overview-1 Rocket Definition Rocket Device that provides thrust to a vehicle by accelerating some matter (the propellant) and exhausting it from the rocket Most
(ii) the total kinetic energy of the gas molecules (1 mark) (iii) the total potential energy of the gas molecules (1 mark)
NAME : F.5 ( ) Marks: /70 FORM FOUR PHYSICS REVISION TEST on HEAT Allowed: 70 minutes This paper consists of two sections. Section A (50 marks) consists of the structure-type questions, and Section B (20
Published in Powder Technology, 2005
Published in Powder Technology, 2005 Prediction of minimum bubbling velocity, fluidization index and range of particulate fluidization for gas solid fluidization in cylindrical and non-cylindrical beds
Convection When the radial flux of energy is carried by radiation, we derived an expression for the temperature gradient: dt dr = - 3
Convection When the radial flux of energy is carried by radiation, we derived an expression for the temperature gradient: dt dr = - 3 4ac kr L T 3 4pr 2 Large luminosity and / or a large opacity k implies
Predicting the soil-water characteristics of mine soils
Predicting the soil-water characteristics of mine soils D.A. Swanson, G. Savci & G. Danziger Savci Environmental Technologies, Golden, Colorado, USA R.N. Mohr & T. Weiskopf Phelps Dodge Mining Company,
An IR-Based Rapid Field Analytical Method for TPH Measurement- Field Deployment and Performance Evaluation
An IR-Based Rapid Field Analytical Method for TPH Measurement- Field Deployment and Performance Evaluation Deyuan Kong and Sara Mcmillen, Chevron Energy Technology Company USA Timothy Vidra, Yohanes Kurniawan,
ITERAMS. WP1 (& WP2) Sampling and ore and rock properties modification
VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD WP1 (& WP2) Sampling and ore and rock properties modification WP1 D1.1, 2 nd Sampling, June 12 th to 14 th, 2018 Arctic circle in Kevitsa Mine in co-operation
Erosion of sand under high flow velocities
Delft University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering Department of Offshore Engineering Erosion of sand under high flow velocities Author: Juneed Sethi MSc Thesis Thesis
Formation of iron oxide nanoparticles for the photooxidation of water: Alteration of finite size effects from ferrihydrite to hematite
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Formation of iron oxide nanoparticles for the photooxidation of water: Alteration of finite size effects from ferrihydrite to hematite Sebastian P. Schwaminger 1, Rifki Surya
DRINKING WATER - LAB EXPERIMENTS LAB EXPERIMENTS. Adsorption
DRINKING WATER - LAB EXPERIMENTS LAB EXPERIMENTS Adsorption adsorption lab experiments Framework This module explains the lab experiments on adsorption. Contents This module has the following contents:
CT Associates, Inc. Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Three Centrifugal Pumps in Hydrochloric Acid. Submitted to: Juergen Hahn Levitronix GmbH
CT Associates, Inc. 7121 Shady Oak Road, Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3516 Telephone: (952) 470-0166 Fax: (952) 942-0293 Website: http://www.ctassociatesinc.com Trace Metal Dynamic Extraction from Three Centrifugal
Developing New Electrical Conductivity Technique for Measuring Soil Bulk Density
Developing New Electrical Conductivity Technique for Measuring Soil Bulk Density Andrea Sz. Kishné and Cristine L.S. Morgan Dept. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ. Hung-Chih Chang and László B.
Inductors. Hydraulic analogy Duality with capacitor Charging and discharging. Lecture 12: Inductors
Lecture 12: nductors nductors Hydraulic analogy Duality with capacitor Charging and discharging Robert R. McLeod, University of Colorado http://hilaroad.com/camp/projects/magnet.html 99 Lecture 12: nductors
Thermodynamic Energy Equation
Thermodynamic Energy Equation The temperature tendency is = u T x v T y w T z + dt dt (1) where dt/dt is the individual derivative of temperature. This temperature change experienced by the air parcel
Uncertainty, Measurement, and Models. Lecture 2 Physics 2CL Summer Session 2011
Uncertainty, Measurement, and Models Lecture 2 Physics 2CL Summer Session 2011 Outline What is uncertainty (error) analysis and what can it do for you Issues with measurement and observation What does
Soil Mechanics III. SOIL COMPOSITION WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS
Soil Mechanics III. SOIL COMPOSITION WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS Soil Basic Terminology Basic Terminology Porosity. Porosity of a soil mass is the ratio of the volume of voids
1. Introduction. 2. Use of COMSOL Multiphysics
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Milan Failure Modes of Underground MV Cables: Electrical and Thermal Modelling. Peter A Wallace *, Mohamed Alsharif, Donald M Hepburn and Chengke
SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Department of Sustainable Natural Resources SOIL SURVEY STANDARD TEST METHOD PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS ABBREVIATED NAME PSA TEST NUMBER P7 TEST METHOD TYPE B VERSION NUMBER 3 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Version
Testing for Chaos in Type-I ELM Dynamics on JET with the ILW. Fabio Pisano
Testing for Chaos in Type-I ELM Dynamics on JET with the ILW Fabio Pisano ACKNOWLEDGMENTS B. Cannas 1, A. Fanni 1, A. Murari 2, F. Pisano 1 and JET Contributors* EUROfusion Consortium, JET, Culham Science
Effect of Fractal Dimension of Fine Aggregates on the Concrete Chloride Resistance
5th International Conference on Durability of Concrete Structures Jun 30 Jul 1, 2016 Shenzhen Uniersity, Shenzhen, Guangdong Proince, P.R.China Effect of Fractal Dimension of Fine Aggregates on the Concrete
8.1. What is meant by the shear strength of soils? Solution 8.1 Shear strength of a soil is its internal resistance to shearing stresses.
8.1. What is meant by the shear strength of soils? Solution 8.1 Shear strength of a soil is its internal resistance to shearing stresses. 8.2. Some soils show a peak shear strength. Why and what type(s)
Tikrit University College of Engineering Civil engineering Department
Tikrit University SOIL CLASSIFICATION College of Engineering Civil engineering Department Soil Mechanics 3 rd Class Lecture notes Up Copyrights 2016 Classification of soil is the separation of soil into
INFLUENCE OF NORMAL FORCE AND HUMIDITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR OF UNLUBRICATED STEEL/ STEEL COUPLES
INFLUENCE OF NORMAL FORCE AND HUMIDITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR OF UNLUBRICATED STEEL/ STEEL COUPLES D. KLAFFKE Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Lab. VIII.2, Unter den Eichen 87,
Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Doug A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Jason C. Schroder, Jose L. Jimenez, and the Science Teams from KORUS-AQ and ATom
AMS Quantification Calibrations and Comparisons from Recent Campaigns Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Doug A. Day, Hongyu Guo, Jason C. Schroder, Jose L. Jimenez, and the Science Teams from KORUS-AQ
Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31. Chem 4631
Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Solvent Delivery
TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (TDR) IN MEASURING WATER CONTENTS AND HYDRATE SATURATIONS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2011), Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, July 17-21, 2011. TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (TDR) IN MEASURING WATER CONTENTS AND HYDRATE
New soil physical properties implemented in the Unified Model
New soil physical properties implemented in the Unified Model Imtiaz Dharssi 1, Pier Luigi Vidale 3, Anne Verhoef 3, Bruce Macpherson 1, Clive Jones 1 and Martin Best 2 1 Met Office (Exeter, UK) 2 Met