EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR A SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEM
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1 Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 211 (211), No. 78, pp ISSN: URL: or ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS FOR A SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEM RODICA LUCA Abstract. We study the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour of solutions to a second-order nonlinear hyperbolic system of equations. The spatial variable is in the positive half-axis. 1. Introduction We study the second-order nonlinear hyperbolic system u t (t, x) + 2 v (t, x) + α(x, u) = f(t, x), x2 v t (t, x) 2 u (t, x) + β(x, v) = g(t, x), t >, x >, x2 (1.1) with the boundary condition ( ( ) ( ( ) col u x (t, ), u(t, )) col v(t, ), v w G x (t, )) ) + B(t), (t) w(t) t >, (1.2) and the initial condition u(, x) = u (x), v(, x) = v (x), x >, w() = w. (1.3) The unknowns u, v and f and g are the vectorial functions depending on (t, x) R + R + with values in R n, the unknown w is a vectorial function depending on t R + with values in R m. In the system (1.1), the functions α and β are of the form α(x, u) = col(α 1 (x, u 1 ),..., α n (x, u n )), β(x, v) = col(β 1 (x, v 1 ),..., β n (x, v n )), G is an operator in R 2n+m and B(t) = col(b 1 (t),..., b 2n+m (t)) R 2n+m, for all t >. This problem is a generalization of the case studied by Luca [8], where B(t). The methods we shall use to prove the main results in this article are different from that used in Luca [8]. We also mention the articles [6, 7, 9], where we have investigated a n-order hyperbolic system, for spatial variable x (, 1) and t >, subject to some nonlinear boundary conditions. 2 Mathematics Subject Classification. 35L55, 47J35, 47H5. Key words and phrases. Hyperbolic system; boundary conditions; Cauchy problem; monotone operator; strong solution; weak solution. c 211 Texas State University - San Marcos. Submitted May 2, 21. Published June 2,
2 2 R. LUCA EJDE-211/78 In the present work, we shall prove the existence, uniqueness, some regularity properties and the asymptotic behaviour of the strong and weak solutions for the problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3). For the basic notation, concepts and results in the theory of monotone operators and nonlinear evolution equations of monotone type in Hilbert spaces we refer the reader to Barbu [2], Brezis [3], Lakshmikantham et al [5]. Now we introduce the assumptions to be used in this article. (A1) (a) The functions x α k (x, p) and x β k (x, p) are measurable on R +, for any fixed p R. Besides, the functions p α k (x, p) and p β k (x, p) are continuous and nondecreasing from R into R, for a.a. x R +, k = 1, n. (b) There exist a k >, b k >, k = 1, n and the functions c 1 k, c2 k L 2 (R + ) such that α k (x, p) a k p + c 1 k(x), β k (x, p) b k p + c 2 k(x), for a.a. x R +, for all p R, k = 1, n. (c) There exist χ 1 >, χ 2 > such that (α k (x, p 1 ) α k (x, p 2 ))(p 1 p 2 ) χ 1 (p 1 p 2 ) 2, (β k (x, p 1 ) β k (x, p 2 ))(p 1 p 2 ) χ 2 (p 1 p 2 ) 2, for a.a. x R +, for all p 1, p 2 R, k = 1, n. (A2) (a) G : D(G) R 2n+m R 2n+m ( is a maximal ) monotone operator (possibly multivalued). Moreover, G = 12 G11 G with G 21 G 22 where G 11 : D(G 11 ) R 2n R 2n, G 12 : D(G 12 ) R m R 2n, G 21 : D(G 21 ) R 2n R m, G 22 : D(G 22 ) R m R m, G((u 1,..., u 2n+m ) T ) = ( ) G11 ((u 1,..., u 2n ) T ) + G 12 ((u 2n+1,..., u 2n+m ) T ) G 21 ((u 1,..., u 2n ) T ) + G 22 ((u 2n+1,..., u 2n+m ) T. ) (b) There exists ζ 1 > such that for all x, y D(G), x = col(x a, x b ), y = col(y a, y b ) R 2n R m and for all w 1 G(x), w 2 G(y) we have w 1 w 2, x y R 2n+m ζ 1 x b y b 2 R m. (c) There exists ζ 2 > such that for all x, y D(G) and for all w 1 G(x), w 2 G(y) we have w 1 w 2, x y R 2n+m ζ 2 x y 2 R 2n+m. The operator G is a generalization of the matrix case. It also covers some general boundary conditions for (1.1). For example, if G 12 = and G 21 =, then the boundary condition (1.2) becomes col( u x (t, ), u(t, )) G 11 (col(v(t, ), v x (t, ))) + B 1 (t), (1.4) w (t) G 22 (w(t)) + B 2 (t), (1.5) where B(t) = col(b 1 (t), B 2 (t)). The condition (1.5) with (1.3) give us, by integration, the function w. For (1.4), by making suitable choices of G 11, we deduce many classical boundary conditions. Here are some examples in the case G 11 = l, the subdifferential of l : R 2n (, + ]:
3 EJDE-211/78 EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS 3 (a) If l ( ) { u, if u = a, v = b = v +, otherwise. then (1.4) becomes v(t, ) = a, v x (t, ) = b. ( ) { u bv, if u = a (b) For n = 1 and l = v, otherwise, we obtain u(t, ) = B 2(t) b, v(t, ) = a. ( ) { u au, if v = b (c) For n = 1 and l = v, otherwise, we obtain u x(t, ) = B 1 (t) + a, v x (t, ) = b. ( ) u (d) For n = 1 and l = au + bv, then (1.4) becomes u v x (t, ) = B 1 (t) + a, u(t, ) = B 2 (t) b. 2. Preliminary results Firstly we consider the case B(t) b (a constant vector). In this situation, we can replace G by G, defined by Gw = Gw b, which is under the assumption (A2)a, a maximal monotone operator. So, we suppose without loss of generality that B(t). In what follows, we shall recall some results from Luca [8] relating to the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of our problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3). We consider the spaces X = (L 2 (R + ; R n )) 2, R m and Y = X R m with the corresponding scalar products ( ) ( ) f1 g1 f, g X = f 1, g 1 L 2 (R +;R n ) + f 2, g 2 L 2 (R +;R n ), f =, g = X, x, y R m = m x i y i, x, y R m, i=1 ( ) ( ) f g, x y = f, g Y X + x, y R m, We define the operator A : D(A) Y Y, f 2 ( ) f, x ( ) g Y. y D(A) = {y Y, y = col(u, v, w); u, v H 2 (R + ; R n ), w R m, col(γ v, w) D(G), γ 1 u G 11 (γ v) G 12 (w)}, where γ v = col(v(), v ()), γ 1 u = col( u (), u()), u v u A v = u, v D(A). w G 21 (γ v) + G 22 (w) w We also define the operator B : D(B) Y Y, B(y) = col(α(, u), β(, v), ), D(B) = {y Y, y = col(u, v, w); B(y) Y }. Under assumption (A2)a, we have D(A), D(A) = X D(G 12 ) D(G 22 ) and, under the assumptions (A1)ab, we obtain D(B) = Y. Lemma 2.1. If (A2)a holds, then the operator A is maximal monotone. Lemma 2.2. If (A1)ab hold, then the operator B is maximal monotone. g 2
4 4 R. LUCA EJDE-211/78 Remark 2.3. By Lemma 2.1, Lemma 2.2 and Rockafellar s theorem (see Barbu [2, Theorem 1.7, Chapter II]), it follows that, under the assumptions (A1)ab and (A2)a, the operator A + B : D(A) Y Y is maximal monotone in the space Y. Using the operators A and B, our problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) can be equivalently expressed as the following Cauchy problem in the space Y dy (t) + A(y(t)) + B((y(t)) F (t, ),, t >, y() = y, (2.1) where y(t) = col(u(t), v(t), w(t)), F (t, ) = col(f(t, ), g(t, ), ), y = col(u, v, w ). Lemma 2.4. Assume that (A1)ab, (A2)a hold. If f, g W 1,1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) (with T > fixed), u, v H 2 (R + ; R n ), col(γ v, w ) D(G), γ 1 u belongs to G 11 (γ v ) G 12 (w ), then problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) has a unique strong solution col(u, v, w) W 1, (, T ; Y ). Moreover u, v L (, T ; H 2 (R + ; R n )). Remark 2.5. For all t [, T ), the above functions u(t, ), v(t, ) satisfy the system (1.1) for a.a. x R + (with + u/ t, + v/ t instead of u/ t, v/ t), and together with w(t) verify the boundary condition (1.2) (with d + w/ instead of dw/) and the initial data (1.3). Lemma 2.6. Assume that (A1)ab, (A2)a hold. If f, g L 1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) (with T > fixed), u, v L 2 (R + ; R n ), w D(G 12 ) D(G 22 ) then the problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) has a unique weak solution col(u, v, w) C([, T ]; Y ). For the proofs of Lemmas see Luca [8]. In what follows we shall present an existence result for the stationary problem associated to (2.1). Lemma 2.7. If (A1)abc, (A2)ab hold, then the stationary problem has a unique solution y = col(u, v, w) D(A). A(y) + B(y) (2.2) Proof. By Remark 2.3, the operator A + B is maximal monotone in Y. In addition, it is strongly monotone. Indeed, for all y = col(u, v, w), ỹ = col(ũ, ṽ, w) D(A), h (A + B)(y), h (A + B)(ỹ) we have h h, y ỹ Y = g g, z z R 2n+m + + n k=1 n k=1 [α k (x, u k (x)) α k (x, ũ k (x))][u k (x) ũ k (x)]dx [β k (x, v k (x)) β k (x, ṽ k (x))][v k (x) ṽ k (x)]dx ζ 1 w w 2 R + n χ m 1 u k ũ k 2 L 2 (R + n +) χ 2 v k ṽ k 2 L 2 (R +) χ y ỹ 2 Y, k=1 k=1 where z = col(γ v, w), z = col(γ ṽ, w), g G(z), g G( z) and χ = min{χ 1, χ 2, ζ 1 /s i,, i = 1, m}.
5 EJDE-211/78 EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS 5 Therefore, this operator is coercive and then R(A + B) = Y. So we deduce that equation (2.2) has a unique solution y = col(u, v, w) D(A). Now using Remark 2.3, Lemma 2.6, Lemma 2.7 and Brezis [3, Theorem 3.9], we deduce the following result. Lemma 2.8. Assume that (A1)abc, (A2)ab hold, f, g L 1 loc (R +; L 2 (R + ; R n )) verify the conditions lim t f(t) = f, lim t g(t) = g, strongly in L 2 (R + ; R n ), and δ = col(p, q, r) is the unique solution of equation (2.2). Then lim t y(t) = δ, strongly in Y, where y(t) = col(u(t), v(t), w(t)), t is an arbitrary weak solution of equation (2.1) 1. More precisely y(t) δ Y e χt y() δ Y + t e χ(s t) F (s) F Y ds, t, where F = col(f, g, ). If df L1 (R + ; Y ) and y() D(A) then lim t d+ y (t) Y = strongly in Y and d+ y (t) Y 1 ((A + B)(y()) F ()) Y + 1 df χ χ (t) Y. 3. Existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behaviour of solutions In the general case B(t) is not constant, we make a change of variables u k = ũ k + ũ k, where ũ k (t, x) = (1 + x)e x b n+k (t) xe x b k (t), k = 1, n. Our problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) can be written as ũ t (t, x) + 2 v x 2 (t, x) + α(x, ũ + ũ(t, x)) = f(t, x), v t (t, x) 2 ũ (t, x) + β(x, v) = g(t, x), t >, x >, x2 with the boundary condition eu x (t, ) v(t, ) ũ(t, ) G v w x (t, ) + (t) w(t) B 2 (t) and the initial data ũ(, x) = ũ (x), v(, x) = v (x), x >, where w() = w, (3.1), t >, (3.2) f k (t, x) = f k (t, x) ũ k t (t, x) = f k(t, x) (1 + x)e x b n+k(t) + xe x b k(t), (3.3) g k (t, x) = g k (t, x) + 2 ũ k x 2 (t, x) = g k(t, x) + (x 1)e x b n+k (t) (x 2)e x b k (t), x >, t >, k = 1, n, ũ k (x) = u k (x) (1 + x)e x b n+k () + xe x b k (), x >, k = 1, n, B 2 (t) = col(b 2n+1 (t),..., b 2n+m (t)).
6 6 R. LUCA EJDE-211/78 Using the operators A and B, the problem (3.1), (3.2), (3.3) can be equivalently formulated as a time dependent Cauchy problem in the space Y, d ũ v + A ũ v + B ũ + ũ(t) f(t, ) v g(t, ) w w w B 2 (t) (3.4) ũ() v() = ũ v, w() w where f = col( f 1,..., f n ), g = col( g 1,..., g n ), ũ = col(ũ 1,..., ũ n ). Theorem 3.1. Assume that (A1)ab, (A2)ac hold, f, g W 1,1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) (T > fixed), b k W 1,2 (, T ), k = 1, 2n + m, u, v H 2 (R + ; R n ), w R m, col(γ v, w ) D(G) and B 1 () γ 1 u + G 11 (γ v ) + G 12 (w ). Then problem (3.4) (equivalently problem (3.1), (3.2), (3.3)) has a unique strong solution col(u, v, w) W 1, (, T ; Y ). Moreover u, v L (, T ; H 2 (R + ; R n )), (B 1 (t) = col(b 1 (t),..., b 2n (t))). Proof. We shall use some similar techniques as those used in Luca [9]. We assume in a first stage that f, g W 1, (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )), b k W 2, (, T ), k = 1, 2n, b j W 1, (, T ), j = 2n + 1, 2n + m, and the functions α k (x, ), k = 1, n are Lipschitz continuous with Lipschitz constant L independent of x. We consider the operators C(t), t [, T ], defined by D(C(t)) = D(A) and ũ ũ C(t) v = A v + B ũ + ũ(t) f(t, ) ũ v g(t, ), v D(A). w w w B 2 (t) w Using Remark 2.3, we deduce that the operators C(t), t [, T ] are maximal monotone in Y. By the above assumption on the functions α k, k = 1, n, we have α k (x, ũ k + ũ k (t, x)) α k (x, ũ k + ũ k (s, x)) L ũ k (t, x) ũ k (s, x) L[(1 + x)e x b n+k (t) b n+k (s) + xe x b k (t) b k (s) ], for all t, s [, T ] for almost all x >, k = 1, n. Therefore, we deduce α k (, ũ k + ũ k (t, )) α k (, ũ k + ũ k (s, )) 2 L 2 (R +) 2L 2 b n+k (t) b n+k (s) 2 (1 + x) 2 e 2x dx + 2L 2 b k (t) b k (s) 2 x 2 e 2x dx = 5L2 2 b n+k(t) b n+k (s) 2 + L2 2 b k(t) b k (s) 2, t, s [, T ], k = 1, n. On the other hand for the functions f k, k = 1, n we obtain the inequality f k (t, x) f k (s, x) f k (t, x) f k (s, x) + (1 + x)e x b n+k(t) b n+k(s) + xe x b k(t) b k(s), t, s [, T ], x >, k = 1, n, (3.5)
7 EJDE-211/78 EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS 7 and so f k (t, ) f k (s, ) 2 L 2 (R 3 f +) k(t, ) f k (s, ) 2 L 2 (R +) b n+k(t) b n+k(s) b k(t) b k(s) 2, for all t, s [, T ], k = 1, n. For the functions g k, k = 1, n we deduce g k (t, x) g k (s, x) g k (t, x) g k (s, x) + x 1 e x b n+k (t) b n+k (s) and so (3.6) + x 2 e x b k (t) b k (s), t, s [, T ], x >, k = 1, n, g k (t, ) g k (s, ) 2 L 2 (R +) 3 g k(t, ) g k (s, ) 2 L 2 (R +) b n+k(t) b n+k (s) b k(t) b k (s) 2, t, s [, T ], k = 1, n. Therefore, we obtain the following inequality for the operators C(t), h t h s Y α(, ũ + ũ(t, )) α(, ũ + ũ(s, )) L 2 (R +;R n ) + f(t, ) f(s, ) L 2 (R +;R n ) + g(t, ) g(s, ) L 2 (R +;R n ) + B 2 (t) B 2 (s) R m, (3.7) for all t, s [, T ], all ỹ = col(ũ, v, w) D(A), all h t C(t)(ỹ), all h s C(s)(ỹ). Using now the relations (3.5) (3.7) and the assumptions on the functions f, g, b k, k = 1, 2n + m, from the last inequality we deduce that there exists L 1 > such that h t h s Y L 1 t s, t, s [, T ], ỹ D(A), h t C(t)(ỹ), h s C(s)(ỹ). Therefore, the operator family {C(t); t [, T ]} verifies the conditions of Kato s Theorem (see Kato [4]). By the assumptions of our theorem, we deduce that ỹ = col(ũ, v, w ) D(A). It follows that the problem (3.4) has a unique strong solution ỹ = col(ũ, v, w) W 1, (, T ; Y ), col(ũ(t), v(t), w(t)) D(A), for all t [, T ]. Moreover ỹ is everywhere differentiable from right on [, T ) and d + ũ(t) ũ(t) + ũ(t) f(t, ) v(t) + A v(t) + B ũ(t) v(t) g(t, ) w(t) w(t) w(t) B 2 (t) ũ() ũ v() = v. w() w Hence y(t) = col(u(t), v(t), w(t)) solves the problem d + y (t) + A(y(t)) + B(y(t)) F 1(t, ), t < T, in Y γ 1 u(t) G 11 (γ v(t)) G 12 (w(t)) + B 1 (t), t < T y() = y, where F 1 (t, ) = col(f(t, ), g(t, ), B 2 (t)). We deduce that y = col(u, v, w) is a solution of the problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3). In a second stage, we suppose that α k (x, ), k = 1, n are not Lipschitz continuous and we replace the functions α k (x, ) by the Yosida approximations αk λ (x, ), k =
8 8 R. LUCA EJDE-211/78 1, n, λ >. Using the above reasoning, we deduce that the problem (3.4) with α λ k instead of α k has a unique strong solution col(ũ λ, v λ, w λ ) W 1, (, T ; Y ). Then y λ = col(u λ, v λ, w λ ) solves the problem with d + y λ (t) + A(y λ (t)) + B λ (y λ (t)) F 1 (t, ), t < T, in Y γ 1 u λ (t) G 11 (γ v λ (t)) G 12 (w λ (t)) + B 1 (t), t < T B λ y λ () = y, u v = col(αλ 1 (, u 1 ),..., αn(, λ u n )) col(β 1 (, v 1 ),..., β n (, v n )), λ >. w (3.8) We write the first relation in (3.8) for t + h and t, we subtract the relations and we multiply the obtained relation by y λ (t + h) y λ (t) in the space Y. We obtain after some computations 1 d + 2 yλ (t + h) y λ (t) 2 Y + g t+h g t, z t+h z t R 2n+m B 1 (t + h) B 1 (t), γ v λ (t + h) γ v λ (t) R n f(t + h, ) f(t, ), u λ (t + h) u λ (t) L 2 (R +;R n ) + g(t + h, ) g(t, ), v λ (t + h) v λ (t) L 2 (R +;R n ) + B 2 (t + h) B 2 (t), w λ (t + h) w λ (t) R m, where z t = col(γ v λ (t), w λ (t)), z t+h = col(γ v λ (t + h), w λ (t + h)), g t G(z t ), g t+h G(z t+h ). Using (A2)c, the above inequality, we obtain 1 d + 2 yλ (t + h) y λ (t) 2 Y + ζ 2 γ v λ (t + h) γ v λ (t) 2 R 2n + ζ 2 w λ (t + h) w λ (t) 2 R m 1 ζ B 1 (t + h) B 1 (t) 2 R 2n + ζ γ v λ (t + h) γ v λ (t) 2 R n + 1 ζ B 2 (t + h) B 2 (t) 2 R m + ζ w λ (t + h) w λ (t) 2 R m + F (t + h, ) F (t, ) X y λ (t + h) y λ (t) Y, for t < t + h < T, λ >, where F (t, ) = col(f(t, ), g(t, )). When we choose < ζ < ζ 2, we obtain 1 d + 2 yλ (t + h) y λ (t) 2 Y 1 ζ B(t + h) B(t) 2 R 2n+m + F (t + h, ) F (t, ) X y λ (t + h) y λ (t) Y, for t < t + h < T, λ >. We integrate the above inequality over [, t] and we deduce that 1 2 yλ (t + h) y λ (t) 2 Y
9 EJDE-211/78 EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS 9 1 ( y λ (h) y λ () 2 Y + 2 T ) B(s + h) B(s) 2 R 2 ζ 2n+mds + t F (s + h, ) F (s, ) X y λ (s + h) y λ (s) Y ds, for t < t + h < T, λ >. Using a variant of Gronwal s lemma, we obtain y λ (t + h) y λ (t) Y y λ (h) y λ () Y + + t 2 ζ ( T B(s + h) B(s) 2 R 2n+mds ) 1/2 F (s + h, ) F (s, ) X ds, t < t + h < T, λ >. We deduce from the above inequality that d+ y λ (t) Y d+ y λ () Y + + T 2 ζ ( T df ds (s, ) L 2 (R +;R n )ds + db ) 1/2 ds (s) 2 R 2n+mds T dg ds (s, ) L 2 (R +;R n )ds, (3.9) for t < T, λ >. Because sup { d+ y λ () Y ; λ > } is a positive constant independent of λ, using the assumptions of the theorem, the inequality (3.9) gives us sup { dyλ (t) Y ; λ >, < t < T } const. and then sup{ y λ (t) Y ; λ >, < t < T } const. Hence {u λ ; λ > }, {v λ ; λ > } are bounded in L (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )), {w λ ; λ > } is bounded in L (, T ; R m ), and, using the assumption (A1)b, we deduce that By (3.8), we have {B λ (y λ (t)); λ > } is bounded in L (, T ; Y ). (3.1) 1 d 2 yλ (t) y µ (t) 2 Y B λ (y λ (t)) B µ (y µ (t)), y λ (t) y µ (t) Y, (3.11) for < t < T, λ >. Using now the relations (3.1) and (3.11), we obtain y λ (t) y µ (t) Y const.(λ + µ) 1/2, t T, λ, µ >. Therefore, the sequence {y λ ; λ > } converges to some function y = col(u, v, w) in C([, T ]; Y ) as λ. Using Lebesgue s Dominated Convergence Theorem, we obtain B λ (y λ ) B(y), as λ, strongly in L 2 (, T ; Y ). By letting λ in (3.8), A and G being demi-closed operators, we obtain that y is a strong solution of the problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3). In the third stage (general case), we approximate f, g W 1,1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) by {f j } j 1, {g j } j 1 W 1, (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) in W 1,1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )), and b k W 1,2 (, T ) by {b j k } j 1 W 2, (, T ), k = 1, 2n, b i W 1,2 (, T ) by {b j i } j 1 W 1, (, T ), i = 2n + 1, 2n + m, in W 1,2 (, T ). Fixing y = col(u, v, w ) Y with ỹ = col(ũ, v, w ) D(A), we deduce after some considerations (see also Luca [9]) that the sequence of the corresponding
10 1 R. LUCA EJDE-211/78 strong solutions {y j = col(u j, v j, w j )} j 1 converges as j to y = col(u, v, w), which is a strong solution of our problem. By system (1.1), we deduce u xx, v xx L (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) and, using the inequality z L 2 (R +) C( z L 2 (R +) + z L 2 (R +)), for z H 2 (R + ), (see Adams [1]), we get that u x, v x L (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )). So we obtain u, v L (, T ; H 2 (R + ; R n )). Theorem 3.2. Assume that (A1)ab, (A2)ac hold. If f, g L 1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) where T is fixed positive value, b k L 2 (, T ), k = 1, 2n + m, u, v L 2 (R + ; R n ), w D(G 12 ) D(G 22 ), then problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) has a unique weak solution col(u, v, w) C([, T ]; Y ). Proof. By the assumptions of the theorem, it follows that y = col(u, v, w ) D(A). We consider {y j } j 1 Y such that ỹ j D(A) and yj y, as j, in Y. Also let the sequences {f j } j 1, {g j } j 1 W 1,1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) be such that f j f, g j g, as j, in L 1 (, T ; L 2 (R + ; R n )) and the sequences {b j k } j 1 W 1,2 (, T ) be such that b j k b k, as j, in L 2 (, T ), k = 1, 2n + m. Then the corresponding strong solutions y j = col(u j, v j, w j ) W 1, (, T ; Y ) of problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3), given by Theorem 3.1, satisfy the inequality y j (t) y l (t) Y y j 2 ( T ) 1/2 yl Y + B j (s) B l (s) 2 R ζ 2n+mds + t F j (s, ) F l (s, ) 2 Xds, t T, j, l N, where F j = col(f j, g j ), j 1, which leads us to the conclusion. Theorem 3.3. Assume that (A1)abc, (A2)ac hold. If f, g L 1 loc (R +; L 2 (R + ; R n )), b k L 2 (R + ), k = 1, 2n + m such that lim t f(t) = f, lim t g(t) = g, strongly in L 2 (R + ; R n ) and δ = col(p, q, r) is the unique solution of (2.2). Then lim t y(t) = δ, strongly in Y, where y(t) = col(u(t), v(t), w(t)), t is an arbitrary weak solution of (3.4). Proof. By Lemma 2.7, the operator A + B is strongly monotone and equation (2.2) has a unique solution δ = col(p, q, r) D(A). We define for any l N the function { B l B(t), for t l (t) =, for t > l. Let y = col(u, v, w ) D(A); we denote by y(t), y l (t), t the weak solutions of problem (1.1), (1.2), (1.3) corresponding to data {B, f, g, y }, respectively {B l, f, g, y }, given by Theorem 3.2. Then we have ( ) 1/2, y l (t) y(t) Y const. B(s) 2 R 2n+mds t > l. (3.12) l Because for t > l, y l is the weak solution corresponding to B(t), by Lemma 2.8, we deduce that y l (t) δ, as t in Y, (l N). Hence this last conclusion with (3.12) and the inequality y(t) δ Y y(t) y l (t) Y + y l (t) δ Y
11 EJDE-211/78 EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTIONS 11 give us that y(t) δ, as t, in Y. Acknowledgments. The author wants to express her gratitude to the anonymous referee for his/her valuable comments and suggestions. References [1] R. A. Adams; Sobolev spaces, Academic Press, New York (1975). [2] V. Barbu; Nonlinear Semigroups and Differential Equations in Banach Spaces, Noordhoff, Leyden (1976). [3] H. Brezis; Operateurs maximaux monotones et semigroupes de contractions dans les espaces de Hilbert, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1973). [4] T. Kato; Nonlinear semigroups and evolution equations; J. Math. Soc. Japan, 19 (1967), [5] V. Lakshmikantham, S. Leela; Nonlinear Differential Equations in Abstract Spaces, International Series in Nonlinear Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications, Vol.2, Pergamon Press (1981). [6] R. Luca; Time periodic solutions for a higher order nonlinear hyperbolic system, Libertas Math., Vol. XIX (1999), [7] R. Luca; Existence and uniqueness results for a higher order hyperbolic system, Mathematical Reports (Stud. Cerc. Mat.), Vol. 1(51) (1999), [8] R. Luca; Boundary value problems for a second-order nonlinear hyperbolic system, Comm. Appl. Anal., 8 (24), [9] R. Luca; An aymptotic result for the solutions of a higher order hyperbolic problem, PanAmer. Math. J., 14 (24), [1] R. Luca; Monotone boundary conditions for a class of nonlinear hyperbolic systems, Intern. J. Pure Appl. Math., 32, No.1 (26), Rodica Luca Department of Mathematics, Gh. Asachi Technical University, 11 Blvd. Carol I, Iasi 756, Romania address: rluca@math.tuiasi.ro
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