DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION

Transcription

1 DRAFT FOR DISCUSSION BS 5499 Safety signs including fire safety signs : Part 7: Specification for colorimetric and photometric properties of Contents Committees responsible Foreword Page Inside Front Cover 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 4 Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety colours and contrast colours 4.1 Conditions 4.2 Requirements Annex A (informative) Colour references for Table 1 Annex B (informative) Colour references for centroid ordinary safety colours Foreword This part of BS 5499 has been prepared by Subcommittee. It supersedes BS , which is withdrawn. BS 5499 covers safety signs and fire safety signs since it is considered essential that all safety signs follow the same basic vocabulary of safety colours and geometric shapes. The requirements specified in this part of BS 5499 have been drawn up to align with ISO/FDIS BS also specifies chromaticity co-coordinates for tighter areas in the chromaticity diagram for ordinary and retroreflecting. For transilluminated signs, the luminance contrast is specified. NOTE The colour boundaries differ from those previously specified in BS BS allows phosphorescent white to be used as an alternative to ordinary white or retroreflecting white. The colour area for phosphorescent white under daylight illumination is specified, but the performance characteristics of this material upon removal of normal illumination are not specified. Annexes A and B are informative. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the colorimetric and photometric properties of for safety signs, including fire safety signs and provides practical information on colours in informative annexes. 2 References The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of BS For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. September /568133

2 BS 4800 Paint colours for building purposes. BS 4900 Specification for vitreous enamel colours for building purposes. BS 4901 Specification for plastics colours for building purposes. BS 5252 Framework for colour co-ordination for building purposes. ISO/FDIS Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public areas. ISO/CIE CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry. CIE 15.2 Colorimetry, second edition. CIE 54 Retroreflection definition and measurement. IEC 60050: 1987 International electrotechnical vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 845: lighting. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of BS 5499 the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 coefficient of retroreflection (R 1 ) (of a plane retroreflecting surface) quotient of the luminous intensity (I) of a plane retroreflecting material in the direction of observation by the product of the illuminance (E ) of the retroreflecting surface on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light and its areas (A): R 1 = I E A 3.2 combined which combine the optical characteristics of photoluminescent and retroreflecting 3.3 fluorescence photoluminescence in which the emitted optical radiation results from direct transitions from the photoexcited energy level to a lower level, these transitions taking place generally within 10 nanoseconds after the excitation 3.4 luminance contrast (k) quotient k of the luminance of the contrast colour L 1 to that of the safety colour L 2 k = L 1 L 2 NOTEThis definition applies only to white luminance contrast colour with L 1 as the greater luminance and L 2 the lesser luminance. 3.5 luminance factor (β) ratio of the luminance of the surface element in the given direction to that of a perfect reflecting or transmitting diffuser identically illuminated 3.6 luminescence emission, by atoms, molecules or ions in a material, of optical radiation which for certain wavelengths or regions of the spectrum is in excess of the radiation due to thermal emission from that material at the same temperature, as a result of these particles being excited by energy other than thermal agitation 3.7 ordinary which are neither retroflecting nor luminescent 3.8 retroreflecting which reflect radiation in a direction close to the opposite of the direction from which it came 3.9 phosphorescence photoluminescence delayed by storage of energy in an intermediate energy level 3.10 photoluminescence luminescence caused by absorption of optical radiation September /568133

3 4 Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety colours and contrast colours 4.1 Conditions The physical requirements which safety signs have to meet are primarily related to daytime colour. Measurements of chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factor ß shall be made as specified in CIE- Publication No NOTE. For the measurement of chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance and luminance factor ß of ordinary, luminescent and retroreflecting externally illuminated signs, the material is considered to be illuminated by daylight as represented by the Standard Illuminant D65 (IEC ; ISO/CIE 10526) at an angle of 45 o with the normal to the surface and the observation made in the direction of the normal (45/0 geometry). For internally illuminated signs the measurement shall be taken with a colorimeter using techniques suitable for the measurement of luminaires. The sign has to be transilluminated by the light source provided by the manufacturer. The coefficient of retroreflection shall be measured in accordance with CIE Publication No. 54, using Standard Illuminant A (ISO/CIE 10526) with the condition that the entrance and observation angles are in the same plane. 4.2 Requirements The permitted colour areas for safety signs shall be as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. Colours that do not meet these chromaticity co-ordinates shall not be used for safety signs. Signs may be offered as meeting precise colour requirements, in which case they shall also conform to the requirements of Table 2. NOTEThe colours of safety signs meeting the requirements of Table 2 are likely to take longer to deteriorate and therefore remain within the limits specified in Table 1 for longer. Contrast colours and luminance factors for phosphorescent colours shall be as shown in Figure 1 and Table 3. Table 4 specifies the minimum coefficients of retroreflection for retroreflecting. For transilluminated signs the x and y co-ordinates shall be in the colour area given in Table 1 and the luminance contrast as given in Table 5. The uniformity of the luminance within the safety colour and contrast colour, measured as the ratio of minimum to maximum luminance within the colour, shall be more than 1:5. The appearance of the safety signs (combination of the specific colour, geometric shape and graphical symbol) shall maintain the same meaning under all lighting conditions specified as appropriate by the sign manufacturer. Annexes A and B give practical information about safety colours. 1) The numbers refer to the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), IEC (1987), chapter 845:Lighting September /568133

4 Table 1 - Chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factor for ordinary, luminescent, retroreflecting and combined and chromaticity co-ordinates for transilluminated safety signs Colour Chromaticity co-ordinates of corner Luminance factor ß points determining the permitted colour area: Standard Illuminant D65 Ordinary Luminescent Retroreflecting Combined CIE 2 o standard observer Type 1 Type 2 Red x y Blue x y Yellow x y Green x y White x y Black x y Retroreflecting material types are standardized by their coefficient of retroreflection in Table 4 Table 2 - Chromaticity co-ordinates for tighter areas in the chromaticity diagram for ordinary and retroreflecting as specified in clause 4.2 Colour Chromaticity co-ordinates of corner points determining the permitted tighter colour area for Standard Illuminant D65 and CIE 2 o standard observer Ordinary Retroreflecting Type 1 Type Red x y Blue x y Yellow x y Green x y White x y Retroreflecting material types are standardized by their coefficient of retroreflection in Table 4 Table 3 - Chromaticity co-ordinates of contrast colours for phosphorescent under daylight conditions Contrast colour for phosphorescent Chromaticity co-ordinates of corner points determining the permitted colour area: Standard Illuminant D65 (45/0 geometry) CIE 2 o standard observer Luminance factor ß Yellowish white x > 0.75 y White x > 0.75 y September /568133

5 Table 4 - Minimum coefficient of retroreflection R 1 Observation angle Entrance angle Minimum coefficient of retroreflection *, in cd/lx m 2 Illuminant : CIE Standard Illuminant A Type 1 Type 2 White Yellow Red Green Blue White Yellow Red Gree n 12 5 o 30 o 40 o o 30 o 40 o o 5 o 30 o 40 o * For coloured parts of the sign which are printed, the coefficient of retroreflection shall not be less that 80% of the value given in Table 4 Blue Table 5 - Luminance contrast for transilluminated Safety colour Red Blue Yellow Green Contrast colour White White Black White Luminance contrast 5<k<15 5<k<15 * 5<k<15 * Black as contrast colour or colour of the symbol is not translucent September /568133

6 Secretary note: The cross hatchings for red, yellow and white will need to be corrected (the UK has informed DIN of this). Also Figure number and table numbers will need to be changed for this British Standard. September /568133

7 ANNEX A (informative) Colour references for Table 1 The colours detailed in Table A1 below are selected from the framework for reference colour co-ordination for building purposes given in BS 5252 and are known to comply with the requirements of Table 1. In order to ascertain the availability of the colours in the particular material selected for use in safety signs, reference should be made to relevant standards for colour ranges for particular i.e. BS 4800, BS 4900, and BS 4901 (which use the same identification code as BS 5252). Table A1 Colour references Colour Red Yellow Green Blue BS 5252 reference 04E53 08E51 10E51 10E55 14E53 18E53 20E53 20E56 September /568133

8 ANNEX B (informative) Colour references for centroid ordinary safety colours Examples of co-ordinates of centroid ordinary safety colours and contrast colours detailed in Table B1 are selected from internationally known colour order systems. Table B1 Examples of colour references for centroid colours from different colour order systems Colour DIN 6164 Munsell AFNOR NF X and X NCS Red 7.5: 8.5: 3 7.5R 4/14 N o 2805 S 2080-R Blue 16.7: 7.2: PB 3/10 N o 1540 S 4060-R90B Yellow 2.5: 6.5: 1 10YR 7/14 N o 1330 S 1070-Y10R Green 21.7: 6.5: 4 5G 4/9 N o 2455 S 3060-G White N:0:0.5 N9.5 N o 3665 S 0500-N Black N:0:9 N1 N o 2603 S 9000-N BS September /568133