Scaling properties of functionals and existence of constrained minimizers
|
|
- Edith Weaver
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Scaling properties of functionals and existence of constrained minimizers Jacopo Bellazzini a,, Gaetano Siciliano b a Università di Sassari, via Piandanna 4, 71 Sassari, Italy b Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 11, 558-9, São Paulo, Brazil Received 18 November 1; accepted June 11 Available online 5 July 11 Communicated by J. Coron Abstract In this paper we develop a new method to prove the existence of minimizers for a class of constrained minimization problems on Hilbert spaces that are invariant under translations. Our method permits to exclude the dichotomy of the minimizing sequences for a large class of functionals. We introduce family of maps, called scaling paths, that permits to show the strong subadditivity inequality. As byproduct the strong convergence of the minimizing sequences (up to translations) is proved. We give an application to the energy functional I associated to the Schrödinger Poisson equation in iψ t + ψ ( x 1 ψ ) ψ + ψ p ψ = when <p<3. In particular we prove that I achieves its minimum on the constraint {u H 1 ( ): u = ρ} for every sufficiently small ρ>. In this way we recover the case studied in Sanchez and Soler (4) [] for p = 8/3 and we complete the case studied by the authors for 3 <p<1/3 in Bellazzini and Siciliano (11) [4]. 11 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Constrained minimization; Subadditivity inequality; Schrödinger Poisson equations; Standing waves * Corresponding author. addresses: jbellazzini@uniss.it (J. Bellazzini), siciliano@dm.uniba.it (G. Siciliano). -136/$ see front matter 11 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:1.116/j.jfa
2 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Introduction The existence of minimizers for constrained functionals is an interesting problem either from a mathematical or from a physical point of view. Indeed in many applications often appears a C 1 functional whose critical points restricted to some constraint have a relevant physical meaning. For example, in Schrödiger-type equations the existence of standing wave solutions can be proved by finding minimizers for the energy functional on L constraint. In this paper, having in mind an application to a Schrödinger Poisson equation, we study the existence of minimizers for a class of functionals defined on a Hilbert space. We consider H, H 1 two Hilbert spaces of functions defined in R N, with norms H and H1 satisfying u( +a) H = u( ) H, u( +a) H1 = u( ) H1 for all a R N. Assume that H H 1, H L (R N ) with ( c 1 H1 + ( L (R )) N H c H1 + ) L (R N ) where L (R N ) is the usual Lebesgue space. Let I : H R be a functional of the following form I(u):= 1 u H 1 + T(u) (1.1) where the nonlinear operator T C 1 (H, R) satisfies some suitable assumptions. In particular we require that T is invariant for the noncompact group of translations in R N so that also the functional I is translation invariant, i.e. it satisfies I(u(x+ a)) = I(u(x)). We look at the constrained minimization problem I ρ := inf B ρ I(u) (we agree I = ) (1.) where B ρ ={u H: u = ρ} and I ρ > is assumed. The main difficulty for translation invariant functionals is due to the lack of compactness of the (bounded) minimizing sequences {u n } B ρ ; indeed the minimizing sequence {u n } could run off to spatial infinity and/or spread uniformly in space. So even up to translations two possible bad scenarios are possible: (vanishing) u n ; (dichotomy) u n ū and < ū <ρ. The general strategy in the applications (see for instance [13] in case of weakly lower semicontinuous functionals) is to prove that any minimizing sequence weakly converges, up to translation, to a function ū which is different from zero, excluding the vanishing case. Then one has to show that ū = ρ, which proves that dichotomy does not occur.
3 488 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) The subadditivity condition In [17], Lions proved that the invariance by translations of the problem implies in many cases an inequality that the infima I ρ have to satisfy and read as follows (weak subadditivity inequality) I ρ I μ + I ρ μ for all <μ<ρ. (1.3) However the necessary and sufficient condition in order that any minimizing sequence on B ρ is relatively compact is a stronger version of (1.3) and is given by the following inequality: I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ for all <μ<ρ. (1.4) In the literature it is referred as the strong subadditivity inequality. This condition is more difficult to prove and the classical approach to prove the strong subadditivity inequality (1.4) is to ensure that (MD) the function s I s s is monotone decreasing. Indeed, in case (MD) holds for μ (,ρ)we get μ I ρ ρ <I μ and ρ μ I ρ ρ <I ρ μ. Therefore I ρ = μ ρ I ρ + ρ μ ρ I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ μ (,ρ). The main problem when we try to apply the concentration-compactness principle to a specific functional is that also condition (MD) is not easy to prove. Indeed the function s I s can have s a fast oscillating behavior, even in a neighborhood of the origin, even if the function s I s is continuous and fulfills the weak subadditivity inequality (1.3); the reason is that this is a very weak condition in the sense that it is satisfied also by some pathological functions including for instance the Cantor function, see [11]. The main result of the paper is Theorem.1 which shows that condition (MD) can be recovered for a large class of functionals (including that involved in problem (.9)) provided that they satisfy some good scaling properties. In the theorem we give sufficient conditions that guarantee (MD) and thus the convergence, up to translation, of the minimizing sequences. The paper is organized as follows. In Section we state the main result, Theorem.1, which is proved in Section 3. In Section 4 we apply the abstract framework to the Schrödinger Poisson equation in, with p (, 3), H = H 1 ( ) and H 1 = D 1, ( ) (see below for the definition of these spaces), proving the existence of minimizers of the related functional with sufficiently small L -norm, see Theorem 4.1. As a natural consequence we get the orbital stability of the minimizers (Theorem 4.). 1.. Notations As a matter of notations, in the paper it is understood that all the functions, unless otherwise stated, are complex-valued, but for simplicity we will write L s (R N ), H 1 (R N )..., where N 3 and for any 1 s<+, L s (R N ) is the usual Lebesgue space endowed with the norm
4 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) u s s := R N u s dx, and H 1 (R N ) the usual Sobolev space endowed with the norm u H 1 := u dx + u dx. R N R N For our application, let us define the space D 1, (R N ). It is the completion of C (RN ) with respect to the norm u D 1, := R N u dx. Moreover the letter c will be used to denote a suitable positive constant, whose value may change also in the same line, and the symbol o(1) to denote a quantity which goes to zero. We also use O(1) to denote a bounded sequence.. The main result Before to state our main theorem, some preliminaries are in order. In the next lemma we give a class of functionals to which the Lions principle holds. The strong subadditivity condition is assumed as hypothesis; the novelty is that it is applicable to a large class of functionals. However we know that it is a version of the concentration-compactness principle of Lions [17] adapted to the problem we have in mind. It is, in some sense, the departure point of our main result. Lemma.1. (See [3,4].) Let T C 1 (H, R). Let ρ> and {u n } be a minimizing sequence for I ρ weakly convergent, up to translations, to a nonzero function ū. Assume that (1.4) holds and that T(u n ū) + T(ū) = T(u n ) + o(1); (.1a) T ( α n (u n ū) ) T(u n ū) = o(1) where α n = ρ ū ; (.1b) u n ū T (u n ), u n = O(1); (.1c) T (u n ) T (u m ), u n u m = o(1) as n, m +. (.1d) Then u n ū H. In particular it follows that ū B ρ and I(ū) = I ρ. The basic assumptions of this lemma are based on a Brezis Lieb splitting property of the nonlinear part T (condition (.1a), see [5,7]) and a sort of homogeneity (condition (.1b)) which together exclude dichotomy. We remark explicitly that the unique point where (1.4) is used in the proof of this lemma is only to exclude dichotomy, that is, only to ensure that the weak limit ū belongs to B ρ. Put in other way, even suppressing conditions (.1c) and (.1d) in the lemma we can conclude that ū = ρ. If in addition these last two conditions are fulfilled, we derive that {u n } strongly converges to ū in H.
5 49 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) We give now the following Definition.1. Let u H, u. A continuous path g u : θ R + g u (θ) H such that g u (1) = u is said to be a scaling path of u if Θ gu (θ) := g u (θ) u is differentiable and Θ g u (1) (.) where the prime denotes the derivative. We denote with G u the set of the scaling paths of u. The set G u is nonempty and indeed it contains a lot of elements: for example, g u (θ) = θu(x) G u, since Θ gu (θ) = θ.alsog u (θ) = u(x/θ) is an element of G u since Θ gu (θ) = θ N. As we will see in the application it is relevant to consider the family of scaling paths of u parametrized with β R given by G β u = { g u (θ) = θ 1 N β u ( x/θ β)} G u. (.3) Notice that all the paths of this family have as associated function Θ(θ) = θ. Moreover, fixed u, we define the following real valued function which is crucial for our purpose: h gu (θ) := I ( g u (θ) ) Θ gu (θ)i (u), θ. Definition.. Let u be fixed and g u G u. We say that the scaling path g u is admissible for the functional I if h gu is a differentiable function. In our application the function h gu will be obviously differentiable; this is due to the special form of the scaling path we choose; indeed we will work with the subfamily G β u. Our intent is to give some conditions which ensures the strong subadditivity condition for the functional I. It turns out to be simpler to give conditions in terms of h gu. Indeed under very mild assumptions on this auxiliary function (easily verified in the applications) (1.4) is achieved and so the minimizing sequences are strongly convergent; indeed our main result reads as follow. Theorem.1 (Avoiding dichotomy). Let T C 1 (H, R) satisfying the set of assumptions (.1). Assume that for every ρ>, all the minimizing sequences {u n } for I ρ have a weak limit, up to translations, different from zero. Assume finally (1.3) and the following conditions <I s < for all s> ( I() = ), (.4) s I s is continuous, (.5) lim s I s =. (.6) s Then for every ρ> the set M(ρ) = { u Bμ : I(u)= I μ } μ (,ρ] is nonempty.
6 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) If in addition u M(ρ) g u G u admissible, such that d dθ h g u (θ), (.7) θ=1 then (MD) holds. Moreover, if {u n } is a minimizing sequence weakly convergent to a certain ū (necessarily ) then u n ū H and I(ū) = I ρ. The novelty in Theorem.1 is given by some ingredients that, as far as we know, have never been introduced in the literature. First, the continuity of the function s I s s reveals a very important property of the infimum; it is shared by many different minimization problems. Second, that the monotonicity of I s can be proved by looking just at the scaling s properties of the minimizers found for the values of s that correspond to the global minima of I s in the interval [,ρ]. For this purpose we have introduced the scaling paths and the crucial s hypothesis (.7). Third, we notice that condition (.7) has to be checked on a specific minimizer u (so we can take advantage of the fact that it is a constrained minimum) and not on an abstract sequence. We underline that with our approach we can easily recover two well-known results concerning minimization problems where the strong subadditivity condition is proved with standard argument. The first one is related to the Choquard functional (see for instance [15]): E ρ := inf B ρ E(u) where E(u) := 1 u dx u(x) u(y) dxdy. x y The second one derives from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, see [17] and [1] G ρ := inf B ρ G(u), G(u) := 1 u D 1, 1 p u p dx. (.8) In both cases it is not difficult to show that (MD) holds thanks to the scaling properties of the functionals. However, there are various examples in which condition (MD) is not clear if holds or not. This is the case of the following minimization problem in H 1 ( ) involving Coulombian nonlocal terms: { 1 I ρ = inf B ρ u dx u(x) u(y) dxdy 1 x y p } u p dx (.9)
7 49 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) where <p<3. This is exactly the problem we are going to study in Section 4 and, as we will see, the existence of minimizers for (.9) is related to the existence of stable standing waves for an equation that derives from the Hartree Fock equation, the so-called Schrödinger Poisson equation. Here the difficulty concerns the nonlocal repulsive Coulombian term u(x) u(y) x y dxdy that does not permit to show the strong subadditivity inequality with standard arguments, even for small ρ. Remark.1. Notice that to recover (.4), it is sufficient the weak subadditivity condition (1.3) in [, + ) and the fact that I s < only for s in a certain interval (, ρ]. Indeed, let ρ ( ρ, ρ]: then for every s ( ρ,ρ] we get I s I ρ + I s ρ < since s ρ < ρ. This shows that I s < fors in the larger interval (,ρ]. Iterating this procedure it follows that I s < for every s>. 3. Proof of Theorem.1 We first address the dichotomy case, i.e. when the minimizing sequences for I ρ weakly converge to a nonzero function ū which is not on the right constraint but satisfies ū = μ <ρ. The result is not surprising in view of the trichotomy of the Lions principle. Proposition 3.1 (Dichotomy). Let T C 1 (H, R) satisfying (.1a) and (.1b). Let ρ> and {u n } B ρ be a minimizing sequence for I ρ such that u n ū and assume that μ = ū (,ρ). Assume also that (1.3) holds. Then I ρ = I μ + I ρ μ (3.1) and I(ū) = I μ. This proposition shows that in the dichotomy case, in (1.3) the equality holds and the weak limit ū is a minimizer on the manifold given by the constraint u = μ. Although B μ is not the original constraint, we can take advantage of the fact that ū is a minimizer on u = μ as shown by Theorem.1. As far as we know, this simple result is new. Proof. Since u n ū, we get therefore u n ū + ū = u n + o(1) On the other hand, {u n } is a minimizing sequence for I ρ,so α n = ρ μ u n ū 1. (3.) 1 u n H 1 + T(u n ) = I ρ + o(1)
8 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) and by (.1a), we deduce also 1 u n ū H ū H 1 + T(u n ū) + T(ū) = I ρ + o(1). Hence using (3.) and (.1b) we infer that is, 1 α n (u n ū) H ū H 1 + T ( α n (u n ū) ) + T(ū) = I ρ + o(1) Then, since α n (u n ū) = ρ μ and (1.3) we get I ( α n (u n ū) ) + I(ū) = I ρ + o(1). (3.3) I ρ μ + I(ū) I( α n (u n ū) ) + I(ū) = I ρ + o(1) I ρ μ + I μ + o(1) which implies I(ū) = I μ and consequently (3.1). A crucial remark now for our purpose is in order. The strong subadditivity inequality (1.4) holds if the following condition is satisfied: (I) the function s I s s in the interval [,ρ] achieves its unique minimum in s = ρ. Indeed for μ (,ρ)we get μ I ρ ρ <I μ and ρ μ I ρ ρ <I ρ μ. Therefore I ρ = μ ρ I ρ + ρ μ ρ I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ μ (,ρ). We now show a lemma that asserts that the behavior of the function s I s near zero is sufficient to deduce almost (1.4). Lemma 3.1. Let us assume that condition (.4) is satisfied in a certain interval [,ρ] and that (.5) and (.6) hold. Then for every ρ> there exists ρ (,ρ] such that for every μ (,ρ ) I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ. Proof. Let us fix ρ>and define { ρ := min s [,ρ] s.t. I s s = I } ρ ρ which is strictly positive in virtue of (.5) and (.6). We claim that the function s I s in the interval [,ρ s ] achieves the minimum only in s = ρ. By the claim follows, as noticed before, that I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ for every μ (,ρ ).In
9 494 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) order to prove the claim we notice that if there exists ρ <ρ such that I ρ ρ continuity a ρ <ρ such that I ρ = I ρ which contradicts the definition of ρ ρ ρ. With this result in hands we can give now the < I ρ ρ it will exist by Proof of Theorem.1. To prove that M(ρ) let us fix ρ>. By Lemma 3.1 there exists ρ (,ρ] such that for every μ (,ρ ) I ρ <I ρ μ + I μ. Then by Lemma.1 we get {u B μ : I(u)= I μ }. To get (MD) it is sufficient to prove condition (I) on every interval [,ρ]. So let us fix ρ> I and call c := min s [,ρ] <, by (.4). Let s We have to prove that ρ = ρ. Thanks to (.5) and (.6), ρ > and { ρ := min s [,ρ] s.t. I } s s = c. s [,ρ ): I ρ ρ < I s s (3.4) namely, the function [,ρ ] s I s R s achieves the minimum only in s = ρ, by definition of ρ. Since condition (I) is satisfied in [,ρ ] we have the strong subadditivity inequality I ρ <I μ + I ρ μ μ (,ρ ). Therefore we can apply Lemma.1 to the minimization problem I ρ = inf B ρ I(u) and we deduce the existence of ū B ρ such that I(ū) = I ρ. In particular ū M(ρ).Now we argue by contradiction by assuming that ρ <ρ. Then fixed gū Gū with its associated Θ, by (3.4) and the definition of ρ : I ρ ρ I Θ(θ)ρ Θ(θ)ρ for all θ (1 ε, 1 + ε). Therefore we have I Θ(θ)ρ I(gū(θ)) Θ(θ)ρ Θ(θ)ρ I ρ ρ = I(ū) ρ for every θ (1 ε, 1 + ε).
10 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) This means that the map h gū(θ) = I(gū(θ)) Θ(θ)I(ū), defined in a neighborhood of θ = 1, is nonnegative and has a global minimum in θ = 1 with h gū(1) =. Then we get h gū(1) =. Since gū is arbitrary this relation has to be true for every map gū, so we have found a ū M(ρ) such that for every gū Gū, h gū(1) = : this clearly contradicts (.7) and so ρ = ρ. This implies condition (I) on every interval of type [,ρ] and so (MD), that is, s I s /s is monotone decreasing in [, + ). To prove the final part, let {u n } be a minimizing sequence for I ρ weakly convergent to a certain ū. We already know that ū. Since we have just shown that in (,ρ)the strong subadditivity condition is satisfied we can apply Lemma.1 and conclude the proof. 4. Application to a Schrödinger Poisson equation We apply the aforementioned results to a concrete minimization problem for which the dichotomy of minimizing sequence cannot a priori be excluded. We consider the following Schrödinger Poisson type equation iψ t + ψ ( x 1 ψ ) ψ + ψ p ψ = in, (4.1) where ψ(x,t): [,T) C is the wave function, denotes the convolution and <p<3. Eq. (4.1) has a very important physical meaning in case p = 8/3 due to the fact that it derives as a simplification, due to Slater, of the Hartree Fock equation. Eq. (4.1) describes a quantum mechanical system of many particles, and it has been used to describe a wide variety of physical phenomena in Quantum Chemistry and Solid State Physics. We refer to [16] and [18] for a detailed study of equations which model physical phenomena with nonlocal terms. From a mathematical point of view however the Cauchy problem associated to Eq. (4.1) is globally well posed for <p<1/3, and for this reason we will restrict to this range on p. We are interested to the existence of particular class of solutions of the Schrödinger Poisson equation. By a solitary wave we mean a solution of (4.1) whose energy travels as a localized packet; if a solitary wave exhibits orbital stability it is called soliton. We are looking for standing waves, that is solitary waves of the form ψ(x,t)= e iωt u(x), ω R, u(x) C. Plugging in a solitary wave ψ into (4.1), we reduce to study the following semilinear elliptic equation with a nonlocal nonlinearity u + φ u u u p u = ωu in, (4.) where we have set φ u (x) = u(y) x y dy.
11 496 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Evidently, φ u satisfies φ u = 4π u, is uniquely determined by u and is usually interpreted as the scalar potential of the electrostatic field generated by the charge density u. At this point, there are two different ways to approach Eq. (4.) according to the role of ω: (a) the frequency ω is a fixed and assigned parameter, (b) the frequency ω is an unknown of the problem. In the first case, it is easy to see that the critical points of the following functional defined in H 1 ( ) J(u)= 1 u dx ω u dx + 1 φ u u dx 1 u p dx (4.3) 4 p give rise to solutions of (4.). This case has been extensively studied by many authors in these last years, see e.g. [1,1,19] and the references therein. On the other hand, the second case has been less investigated. Thanks to our abstract framework developed in the previous section, we can give a contribution in this direction. Indeed the solutions of (4.1) with ω unknown, can be seen as the critical points of a functional restricted to the constraint of functions with fixed L -norm. Note also that the critical points of the Schrödinger Poisson functional on the manifold of fixed charge (L -norm), are physically relevant since the charge is a quantity which is conserved during the evolution in time of the standing waves. So the natural way to find the solutions of Eq. (4.) with fixed L -norm is to look for the constrained critical points of the functional I(u)= 1 u dx φ u u dx 1 p u p dx (4.4) on the L -spheres in H 1 ( ) B ρ = { u H 1( ) : u = ρ }. Recalling that in this case ω is not a parameter but an unknown of the problem, by a solution of (4.) we mean a couple (ω ρ,u ρ ) R H 1 ( ), where ω ρ is the Lagrange multiplier associated to the critical point u ρ on B ρ and is given explicitly by ω ρ = 1 ρ ( u ρ + φ uρ u ρ dx u ρ ) p dx. Actually we are interested in the existence of solutions of (4.) with minimal energy (constrained to the spheres), therefore we are reduced to study the minimization problem we have considered in the abstract framework, i.e. I ρ = inf B ρ I(u). (4.5) Note also that this problem makes sense for <p<1/3; indeed it is well known (see e.g. [4]) the following
12 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Proposition 4.1. For every ρ> and p (, 1/3) the functional I is bounded from below and coercive on B ρ. As a consequence of this proposition, whenever ρ is fixed and {u n } is a minimizing sequence for I ρ, we implicitly assume that {u n } is bounded in H 1 ( ), so weakly convergent up to subsequences. We recall that the energy and the charge associated to the wave function ψ(x,t) evolving according to (4.1) are given by E ( ψ(x,t) ) := 1 ψ dx + 1 ( x 1 ψ ) ψ dx 1 4 p = E ( ψ(x,) ) ψ p dx and Q ( ψ(x,t) ) := 1 ψ dx = Q ( ψ(x,) ). So our action functional I is exactly the energy of the standing wave and the charge is the L -norm. We underline that in a recent paper by Benci and Fortunato [6] the relevance of the energy/charge ratio for the existence of standing waves in field theories has been discussed under a general framework. In our context, the function s I s has the physical interpretation of the s ratio between the infimum of the energy of the standing waves with fixed charge and the charge itself. So conditions (.5) and (.6) seem less abstract and concern the properties of the above mentioned ratio. In spite of the case in which the frequency ω is fixed, the problem with fixed charge has been less investigated: there is just a result by Sanchez and Soler [] in the case p = 8/3 and by the authors in [4] in the case 3 <p<1/3. Moreover for a nonhomogeneous nonlinearity of the form u 1/3 1/3 u 8/3 8/3 we quote [8]. For p = 8/3, the so-called Schrödinger Poisson Slater equation, the existence of minimizers is proved in [] only for ρ small, that is for small values of the charge. The difficulty, in considering all ρ>, concerns the possibility of dichotomy for an arbitrary minimizing sequence. On the other hand, in [4] it is proved that for p (3, 1/3) the functional I ρ has a minimum on B ρ provided that ρ is greater than a certain ρ 1. In particular it is proved that I ρ < forρ (ρ 1, ) and that condition (MD) holds by means of scaling arguments. In case p (, 3) the standard scaling arguments do not permit to show that (MD) holds and the possibility of dichotomy for an arbitrary minimizing sequence cannot be excluded. With our abstract frameworks we are able to prove that (MD) holds for p in the above range at least for small value of ρ and the compactness of every minimizing sequence up translations is proved. Indeed our result is the following. Theorem 4.1. Let p (, 3). Then there exists ρ 1 (depending on p) such that all the minimizing sequences for (4.5) are precompact in H 1 ( ) up to translations provided that <ρ<ρ 1.
13 498 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) With standard arguments, following [9] and [], the compactness of minimizers on H 1 ( ) and the conservation laws of energy and charge give rise to the orbital stability of the standing waves ψ ρ = e iω ρt u ρ without further efforts; so we get the following result, whose details are given in the final subsection. Theorem 4.. Let p (, 3). Then the set for ρ small, is orbitally stable. S ρ = { e iθ u(x): θ [, π), u = ρ, I(u)= I ρ }, We mention [14] where the orbital stability of standing waves for (4.3) is achieved by following the original approach of [1]. Using Mountain Pass arguments, Kikuchi in [14] proved that for p (, 3) there exist orbitally stable standing waves u ω (x)e iωt for ω (,ω 1 ). However, by studying the functional (4.3), nothing can be said a priori on the L -norm of the solutions. Before the proof of Theorem 4.1, we define, for short, the following quantities: A(u) := u dx, B(u) := φ u u dx, C(u) := u p dx so that I(u)= 1 A(u) B(u) + 1 p C(u). Note that if we set u λ ( ) = λ δ u(λ γ ( )), δ,γ R, λ>, then φ uλ (x) = λ δ+γ u(λ γ y) λ γ x λ γ y dy = λ (δ γ) u(y) λ γ x y dy = λ(δ γ) φ u ( λ γ x ). To prove our theorem, we have to verify all the hypotheses of Theorem.1. In particular, the crucial hypothesis concerning the behavior of I ρ near zero (condition (.6)), is obtained by a comparison argument with the simpler constrained minimization problem related to the nonlinear energy functional (.8) (see Step 4 below). It corresponds to the standing wave of the Schrödinger equation without the contribution of the nonlocal term. For this reason in a brief Appendix A it is proved that lim s G s /s =. Now we can give the Proof of Theorem 4.1. The proof is now divided in some steps where we verify all the hypotheses of Theorem.1. Step 1. Condition (1.3) holds and the functional T satisfies (.1). These are proved in [, Proposition.3] and [4, Proposition 3.1] respectively. Step. If <p<3, then condition (.4) is satisfied.
14 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) We already know that I s > for all s>,seee.g.[4],sowejusthavetoprovethati s < for every s>. Let u H 1 ( ) and choose the family of scaling paths given in (.3) g u (θ) = θ 1 3 β u ( x/θ β) such that Θ(θ) = θ and g u (θ) = θ. We easily find the following scaling laws: For β = we get A ( g u (θ) ) = θ β A(u), B ( g u (θ) ) = θ 4 β B(u), C ( g u (θ) ) = θ (1 3 β)p+3β C(u). I ( g u (θ) ) = θ 6 A(u) + θ 6 θ 4p 6 B(u) + 4 p C(u) for θ, since 4p 6 < 6 and C(u) <. This proves that there exists a small θ such that I s < s (,θ ]. Then by Step 1 and Remark.1 we conclude that I s < for every s>. Step 3. For every ρ>, all the minimizing sequences {v n } for I ρ have a weak limit, up to translations, different from zero. Furthermore the weak limit is in M(ρ). Let {v n } be a minimizing sequence in B ρ for I ρ. Notice that for any sequence {y n } we have that v n (. + y n ) is still a minimizing sequence for I ρ. Then the proof of this step can be concluded provided that we show the existence of a sequence {y n } such that the weak limit of v n (. + y n ) is different from zero. By the well-known Lions lemma [17], it follows that if ( lim sup n y B(y,1) ) v n dx =, then v n inl q ( ) for any q (, ) and so C(v n ). Here B(a,r) ={x : x a r}. On the other hand, by Step, I ρ < so we have necessarily that sup y B(y,1) v n dx δ>. In this case we can choose y n such that vn (. + y n ) dx δ> B(,1)
15 5 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) and hence, due to the compactness of the embedding H 1 (B(, 1)) L (B(, 1)), we deduce that the weak limit of the sequence v n (. + y n ), let us call it v, is not the trivial function. It follows that v M(ρ) (if v = ρ it is trivial, otherwise use Lemma 3.1). Step 4. The function s I s satisfies (.5) and (.6). We first prove that if ρ n ρ then lim n I ρ n = I ρ. For every n N, letw n B ρn such that I(w n )<I ρ n + n 1 < n 1. Therefore, by using the interpolation and the Sobolev inequality, we get 1 w n 6 p 3(p ) Cρ n w n 1 w n 1 p w n p p I(w n )< 1 n. Since 3(p ) < and {ρ n } is bounded, we deduce that {w n } is bounded in H 1( ). In particular {A(w n )} and {C(w n )} are bounded sequences, and also {B(w n )} since in general, see e.g. [19]. So we easily find u H 1( ) : B(u) = ( ) ρ I ρ I w n = 1 ( ρ ρ n ρ n = I(w n ) + o(1)<i ρ n + o(1). ) A(w n ) + 1 ( ρ 4 ρ n φ u u dx C u 4 H 1 ( ), ) 4 B(w n ) + 1 ( ) ρ p C(w n ) p ρ n On the other hand, given a minimizing sequence {v n } B ρ for I ρ,wehave ( ) ρn I ρ n I ρ v n = I(v n ) + o(1) = I ρ + o(1) which, join to the previous computation, gives lim n I ρ n = I ρ. I In order to show that lim ρ ρ =, we notice that ρ G ρ ρ I ρ ρ < where { 1 G ρ = inf u D 1, 1 p } u p dx. Since G ρ /ρ (see Lemma A.1 of Appendix A) we easily conclude.
16 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Step 5. For small ρ the functional I satisfies (.7). Since / M(ρ), A(u), B(u) and C(u) are all different from zero whenever u M(ρ). We claim now that u M(ρ): A(u) p B(u) + C(u) =. (4.6) p Indeed, for u M(ρ) (i.e. u = μ (,ρ] and I(u)= I μ ) we define v(θ,u) = θ 3 u( x θ ) so that v(θ,u) = u. It follows that A ( v(θ,u) ) = θ A(u), B ( v(θ,u) ) = θ 1 B(u), C ( v(θ,u) ) = θ 3 3 p C(u). Since the map θ I(v(θ,u))is differentiable and u achieves the minimum on B μ, we get d dθ I( v(θ,u) ) = θ=1 which is exactly our claim (4.6). Now, for u we compute explicitly h gu (θ) by choosing the family of scaling paths of u parametrized with β R given by G β u = { g u (θ) = θ 1 3 β u ( x/θ β)} G u. (4.7) All the paths of this family have as associated function Θ(θ) = θ. We get h gu (θ) = 1 ( θ β θ ) A(u) + 1 ( θ 4 β θ ) B(u) + 1 ( θ (1 3 β)p+3β θ ) C(u), 4 p which shows that the paths in G β u are admissible, i.e. h gu is differentiable for every g u G β u.we have also, for g u G β u : h g u (1) = βa(u) + β B(u) + (1 3 β)p + 3β C(u). 4 p We will show that the admissible scaling path satisfying d dθ h g u (θ) θ=1 can be chosen in G β u. For future reference we compute also I(g u (θ)) θ u = h g u (θ) θ u = 1 u + I(u) u ( 1 θ β A(u) θ β B(u) + 1 p θ (1 3 β)p+3β C(u) ). (4.8)
17 5 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) To prove Step 5 we argue by contradiction. Assume that there exists a sequence {u n } M(ρ) with ρ u n = ρ n such that for all β R (that is: for all g un G β u n ) h g un (1) = βa(u n ) + β B(u n ) + (1 3 β)p + 3β C(u n ) = 4 p then, by using (4.6) we get and hence (again by (4.6)) 1 B(u n) + p p C(u n) = B(u n ) = A(u n ), C(u n ) = p p A(u n), I(u n ) = A(u n) + B(u n) 4 + C(u n) p = 3 p p A(u n). (4.9) The contradiction is achieved by showing that relations (4.9) are impossible for p (, 3) for small ρ. We know that { I(un ) = I ρ n (by continuity), A(u n ), B(u n ), C(u n ) (by (4.9)). (4.1) Because of the following Hardy Littlewood Sobolev inequality B(u n ) = u n (x) u n (y) dxdy c u n 4 1/5 x y that we will frequently use, it is convenient to consider some cases. Case (a): <p<1/5. Then B(u n ) c u n 4 1/5 c u n 4α p u n 4(1 α) 6, α= 3p (6 p). We get, thanks to (4.9) and the Sobolev inequality u n 6 SA(u n), B(u n ) cb(u n ) 4α p B(u n ) 4(1 α). (4.11) We notice that 4α p + 4(1 α) > 1 since p<3. This is in contradiction with (4.1).
18 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) Case (b): p = 1/5. This case is simpler: thanks to (4.9) we get which contradicts (4.1). Case (c): 1/5 <p<8/3. Interpolating L 1/5 between L and L p we get u n 1/5 1/5 = cb(u n) c u n 4 1/5 u n p p = cb(u n ) c u n 4 1/5 c u n 4α u n p 4(1 α) 5p 1, α= 6(p ) i.e. u n p p ρ 4α n u n 4(1 α) p. Since p<4(1 α),i.e.p<8/3, we get a contradiction with (4.1). Case (d): p = 8/3. Again by interpolation we get B(u n ) c u n 4 1/5 cρ4/3 n u n 8/3 8/3, and again, using that B(u n ) = u n 8/3 8/3 we get a contradiction. Case (e): 8/3 <p<3. In this case for u satisfying (4.9), with u = ρ we get I θ ρ θ ρ I(g u (θ)) θ ρ = 1 ρ ( 1 θ β A(u ) + 1 θ β A(u ) + A(u ) ) p θ (1 3 β)p+3β. Now let us choose β = ( p) 1 3p so that < β = (1 3 ) β p + 3β < β. Hence we obtain I θ ρ θ ρ I(g u (θ)) θ ρ = p 3 p I(u ) ρ = A(u [ ) 4 p ρ ( p) θ 4(p ) 1 3p + 1 ] θ 4(4 p) 1 3p [ 4 p ( p) θ 4(p ) 1 3p + 1 ] θ 4(4 p) 1 3p
19 54 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) and so renaming θ ρ = s we get I s 4(p ) cs 1 3p + o ( s 4(p ) ) 1 3p (4.1) s for sufficiently small s. On the other hand for u n satisfying (4.9) that is u n p p = cb(u n ) c u n 4 1/5 c u n 4α u n p 4(1 α) 5p 1, α= 6(p ), u n p p cρ 4α n u n 4(1 α) p. (4.13) Since now 8/3 <p(that is 4(1 α) < p) we cannot argue as in Case (c) to get the contradiction. (5p 1) 3p 8 But we deduce from (4.13) that u n p p cρn, and hence using (4.9), I ρ n ρ n 4(p ) 3p 8 cρn. (4.14) Combining (4.14) with (4.1) we find 4(p ) 3p 8 cρn I ρn ρn This drives to a contradiction for ρ n since 4(p ) 3p 8 4(p ) 1 3p cρn + o ( ρ > 4(p ) 1 3p. 4(p ) 1 3p n Summing up, we have verified all the hypotheses of Theorem.1 so u n ū in H 1 ( ) and this finishes the proof The orbital stability In this subsection we prove Theorem 4. following the ideas of [9]. First of all we recall the definition of orbital stability. We define S ρ = { e iθ u(x): θ [, π), u = ρ, I(u)= I ρ }. We say that S ρ is orbitally stable if for every ε> there exists δ> such that for any ψ H 1 ( ) with inf v Sρ v ψ H 1 ( ) <δwe have ). t > inf v S ρ ψ(t,.) v H 1 ( ) <ε, where ψ(t,.) is the solution of (4.1) with initial datum ψ. We notice explicitly that S ρ is invariant by translation, i.e. if v S ρ then also v(. y) S ρ for any y.
20 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) In order to prove Theorem 4. we argue by contradiction assuming that there exists a ρ such that S ρ is not orbitally stable. This means that there exists ε> and a sequence of initial data {ψ n, } H 1 ( ) and {t n } R such that the maximal solution ψ n, which is global and ψ n (,.)= ψ n,, satisfies lim inf ψ n, v n + H v S 1 ( ) = and inf ψ n (t n,.) v ρ v S H 1 ( ε. ) ρ Then there exists u ρ H 1 ( ) minimizer of I ρ and θ R such that v = e iθ u ρ and ψ n, v = ρ and I(ψ n, ) I(v)= I ρ. Actually we can assume that ψ n, B ρ (there exist α n = ρ/ ψ n, 1 so that α n ψ n, B ρ and I(α n ψ n, ) I ρ, i.e. we can replace ψ n, with α n ψ n, ). So {ψ n, } is a minimizing sequence for I ρ, and since I ( ψ n (., t n ) ) = I(ψ n, ), also {ψ n (., t n )} is a minimizing sequence for I ρ. Since we have proved that every minimizing sequence has a subsequence converging (up to translation) in H 1 -norm to a minimum on the sphere B ρ, we readily have a contradiction. Finally notice that, writing ψ(x,t)= ψ(x,t) e is(x,t) we get I ( ψ(x,t) ) = I ( ψ(x,t) ) + ψ(x,t) S(x,t) dx, so we easily conclude that the minimizer u ρ has to be real valued. Note added in proof In a private comunication, O. Sanchez informed the authors that in collaboration with I. Catto and J. Soler they are obtaining results similar to our Theorem 4.1. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank V. Benci, L. Jeanjean and O. Sanchez for useful and stimulating discussions on the subject and the referee for his suggestions. The authors are partially supported by M.I.U.R. project PRIN7 Variational and topological methods in the study of nonlinear phenomena. The second author is also supported by J. Andalucía (FQM 116) and FAPESP, São Paulo, Grant 11/ Appendix A As already anticipated, we prove here that lim s G s /s = where G ρ = inf B ρ G(u) (A.1)
21 56 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) and G is the functional associated to the pure Schrödinger equation. It is defined in (.8), that is G(u) = 1 u D 1, 1 p u p dx. Here we can even allow <p<1/3. It is known that, for every ρ>, u ρ B ρ such that G ρ = G(u ρ )<, u B ρ : G(u) 1 u D 1, b p ρ 6 p 3(p ) u. D 1, For these facts the reader is referred to [] and [1]. As a consequence we get ( 1 >G(u ρ ) b pρ 6 p p ) 3p 1 u ρ u D 1, ρ D 1, (A.) which implies, since p<1/3, that the sequence {u ρ } ρ> is bounded in D 1, for ρ. (A.3) Lemma A.1. We have lim ρ G ρ ρ =. Proof. Since the minimizer u ρ for G ρ satisfies u ρ u ρ p u ρ = ω ρ u ρ, (A.4) we get, taking into account (A.), ω ρ = u ρ D 1, u ρ p dx u ρ dx 1 u ρ D 1, 1 p u ρ dx u ρ p dx = G(u ρ) ρ < (A.5) where ω ρ is the Lagrange multiplier associated to the minimizer. Actually we prove that lim ρ ω ρ =, so by comparison in (A.5) we get the lemma. To show that lim ρ ω ρ = we argue by contradiction by assuming that there exists a sequence ρ n such that ω ρn < c for some c (, 1). Since the minimizers u n := u ρn satisfy Eq. (A.4), we get c u n H 1 u n dx + c u n dx u n dx ω ρn u n dx = u n p dx C u n p, H 1
22 J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano / Journal of Functional Analysis 61 (11) which implies that there exists c > such that u n D 1, >c >. But then, by using (A.) and (A.3) G(u n ) 1 c o(1) with o(1) forn and this yields to a contradiction, finishing the proof. References [1] A. Azzollini, A. Pomponio, P. d Avenia, On the Schrödinger Maxwell equations under the effect of a general nonlinear term, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 7 () (1) [] J. Bellazzini, V. Benci, M. Ghimenti, A.M. Micheletti, On the existence of the fundamental eigenvalue of an elliptic problem in R N, Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 7 (7) [3] J. Bellazzini, C. Bonanno, Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with strongly singular potentials, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 14 (1) [4] J. Bellazzini, G. Siciliano, Stable standing waves for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger Poisson equations, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 6 (11) [5] J. Bellazzini, N. Visciglia, On the orbital stability for a class of nonautonomous NLS, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 59 (3) (1) [6] V. Benci, D. Fortunato, Hylomorphic solitons on lattices, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. A 8 (1) [7] H. Brezis, E. Lieb, A relation between pointwise convergence of functions and convergence of functionals, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 88 (3) (1983) [8] I. Catto, P.L. Lions, Binding of atoms and stability of molecules in Hartree and Thomas Fermi type theories. I. A necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of general molecular systems, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 17 (7 8) (199) [9] T. Cazenave, P.L. Lions, Orbital stability of standing waves for some non linear Schrödinger equations, Comm. Math. Phys. 85 (198) [1] T. D Aprile, D. Mugnai, Solitary waves for nonlinear Klein Gordon Maxwell and Schrödinger Maxwell equations, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 134 (5) (4) [11] J. Dobos, The standard Cantor function is subadditive, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (1996) [1] M. Grillakis, J. Shatah, W. Strauss, Stability theory of solitary waves in the presence of symmetry. I, J. Funct. Anal. 74 (1) (1987) [13] L. Jeanjean, M. Squassina, An approach to minimization under a constraint: the added mass technique, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 41 (11) [14] H. Kikuchi, Existence and stability of standing waves for Schrödinger Poisson Slater equation, Adv. Nonlinear Stud. 7 (3) (7) [15] E.H. Lieb, Existence and uniqueness of the minimizing solution of Choquard s nonlinear equation, Stud. Appl. Math. 57 () (1977) [16] E.H. Lieb, B. Simon, The Thomas Fermi theory of atoms, molecules, and solids, Adv. Math. 3 (1977) 116. [17] P.L. Lions, The concentration-compactness principle in the calculus of variation. The locally compact case, part I and II, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 1 (1984) and [18] P.L. Lions, Solutions of Hartree Fock equations for Coulomb systems, Comm. Math. Phys. 19 (1987) [19] D. Ruiz, The Schrödinger Poisson equation under the effect of a nonlinear local term, J. Funct. Anal. 37 () (6) [] O. Sanchez, J. Soler, Long time dynamics of the Schrödinger Poisson Slater system, J. Stat. Phys. 114 (4) [1] C.A. Stuart, Bifurcation for the Dirichlet problems without eigenvalues, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 45 (198)
A minimization problem for the Nonlinear
São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences 5, 2 (211), 149 173 A minimization problem for the Nonlinear Schrödinger-Poisson type Equation Gaetano Siciliano Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli
More informationOn the relation between scaling properties of functionals and existence of constrained minimizers
On the relation between scaling properties of functionals and existence of constrained minimizers Jacopo Bellazzini Dipartimento di Matematica Applicata U. Dini Università di Pisa January 11, 2011 J. Bellazzini
More informationSome results on the nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Maxwell equations
Some results on the nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Maxwell equations Alessio Pomponio Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Bari, Italy Granada, Spain, 2011 A solitary wave is a solution of a field equation
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ap] 28 Mar 2014
GROUNDSTATES OF NONLINEAR CHOQUARD EQUATIONS: HARDY-LITTLEWOOD-SOBOLEV CRITICAL EXPONENT VITALY MOROZ AND JEAN VAN SCHAFTINGEN arxiv:1403.7414v1 [math.ap] 28 Mar 2014 Abstract. We consider nonlinear Choquard
More informationHylomorphic solitons and their dynamics
Hylomorphic solitons and their dynamics Vieri Benci Dipartimento di Matematica Applicata U. Dini Università di Pisa 18th May 2009 Vieri Benci (DMA-Pisa) Hylomorphic solitons 18th May 2009 1 / 50 Types
More informationGROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR CHOQUARD TYPE EQUATIONS WITH A SINGULAR POTENTIAL. 1. Introduction In this article, we study the Choquard type equation
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2017 (2017), o. 52, pp. 1 14. ISS: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu GROUD STATE SOLUTIOS FOR CHOQUARD TYPE EQUATIOS
More informationThe Schrödinger Poisson equation under the effect of a nonlinear local term
Journal of Functional Analysis 237 (2006) 655 674 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfa The Schrödinger Poisson equation under the effect of a nonlinear local term David Ruiz Departamento de Análisis Matemático,
More informationEXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS TO ASYMPTOTICALLY PERIODIC SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 017 (017), No. 15, pp. 1 7. ISSN: 107-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS TO ASYMPTOTICALLY PERIODIC
More informationSYMMETRY RESULTS FOR PERTURBED PROBLEMS AND RELATED QUESTIONS. Massimo Grosi Filomena Pacella S. L. Yadava. 1. Introduction
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 21, 2003, 211 226 SYMMETRY RESULTS FOR PERTURBED PROBLEMS AND RELATED QUESTIONS Massimo Grosi Filomena Pacella S.
More informationEXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR KIRCHHOFF TYPE EQUATIONS WITH UNBOUNDED POTENTIAL. 1. Introduction In this article, we consider the Kirchhoff type problem
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 207 (207), No. 84, pp. 2. ISSN: 072-669. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR KIRCHHOFF TYPE EQUATIONS
More informationPOSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR QUASICRITICAL KLEIN-GORDON-MAXWELL TYPE SYSTEMS WITH POTENTIAL VANISHING AT INFINITY
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 017 (017), No. 154, pp. 1 11. ISSN: 107-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu POSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR QUASICRITICAL
More informationNONLINEAR FREDHOLM ALTERNATIVE FOR THE p-laplacian UNDER NONHOMOGENEOUS NEUMANN BOUNDARY CONDITION
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2016 (2016), No. 210, pp. 1 7. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu NONLINEAR FREDHOLM ALTERNATIVE FOR THE p-laplacian
More informationp-laplacian problems with critical Sobolev exponents
Nonlinear Analysis 66 (2007) 454 459 www.elsevier.com/locate/na p-laplacian problems with critical Sobolev exponents Kanishka Perera a,, Elves A.B. Silva b a Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida
More informationAN EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR THE SCHRÖDINGER MAXWELL EQUATIONS. Vieri Benci Donato Fortunato. 1. Introduction
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume, 998, 83 93 AN EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR THE SCHRÖDINGER MAXWELL EQUATIONS Vieri Benci Donato Fortunato Dedicated to
More informationEXISTENCE OF NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS WITH SIGN-CHANGING POTENTIAL
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2014 (2014), No. 05, pp. 1 8. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu EXISTENCE OF NONTRIVIAL
More informationA Variational Analysis of a Gauged Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
A Variational Analysis of a Gauged Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Alessio Pomponio, joint work with David Ruiz Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari Variational and Topological
More informationMULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR CRITICAL ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH FRACTIONAL LAPLACIAN
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 016 (016), No. 97, pp. 1 11. ISSN: 107-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS
More informationBLOWUP THEORY FOR THE CRITICAL NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS REVISITED
BLOWUP THEORY FOR THE CRITICAL NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATIONS REVISITED TAOUFIK HMIDI AND SAHBI KERAANI Abstract. In this note we prove a refined version of compactness lemma adapted to the blowup analysis
More informationGROUND-STATES FOR THE LIQUID DROP AND TFDW MODELS WITH LONG-RANGE ATTRACTION
GROUND-STATES FOR THE LIQUID DROP AND TFDW MODELS WITH LONG-RANGE ATTRACTION STAN ALAMA, LIA BRONSARD, RUSTUM CHOKSI, AND IHSAN TOPALOGLU Abstract. We prove that both the liquid drop model in with an attractive
More informationOn the Schrödinger Equation in R N under the Effect of a General Nonlinear Term
On the Schrödinger Equation in under the Effect of a General Nonlinear Term A. AZZOLLINI & A. POMPONIO ABSTRACT. In this paper we prove the existence of a positive solution to the equation u + V(x)u =
More informationOn Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations including a vortex point
On Chern-Simons-Schrödinger equations including a vortex point Alessio Pomponio Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari Workshop in Nonlinear PDEs Brussels, September 7
More informationVANISHING-CONCENTRATION-COMPACTNESS ALTERNATIVE FOR THE TRUDINGER-MOSER INEQUALITY IN R N
VAISHIG-COCETRATIO-COMPACTESS ALTERATIVE FOR THE TRUDIGER-MOSER IEQUALITY I R Abstract. Let 2, a > 0 0 < b. Our aim is to clarify the influence of the constraint S a,b = { u W 1, (R ) u a + u b = 1 } on
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ap] 16 Jan 2015
Three positive solutions of a nonlinear Dirichlet problem with competing power nonlinearities Vladimir Lubyshev January 19, 2015 arxiv:1501.03870v1 [math.ap] 16 Jan 2015 Abstract This paper studies a nonlinear
More informationMinimization problems on the Hardy-Sobolev inequality
manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Minimization problems on the Hardy-Sobolev inequality Masato Hashizume Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract We study minimization problems on Hardy-Sobolev
More informationExistence and Multiplicity of Solutions for a Class of Semilinear Elliptic Equations 1
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 257, 321 331 (2001) doi:10.1006/jmaa.2000.7347, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Existence and Multiplicity of Solutions for a Class of
More informationExistence of a ground state and blow-up problem for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with critical growth
Existence of a ground state and blow-up problem for a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with critical growth Takafumi Akahori, Slim Ibrahim, Hiroaki Kikuchi and Hayato Nawa 1 Introduction In this paper, we
More informationNONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS INVOLVING EXPONENTIAL CRITICAL GROWTH IN R Introduction
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 014 (014), No. 59, pp. 1 1. ISSN: 107-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER
More informationNONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRAL AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Fixed Point Theory, Volume 9, No. 1, 28, 3-16 http://www.math.ubbcluj.ro/ nodeacj/sfptcj.html NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS TO INTEGRAL AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS GIOVANNI ANELLO Department of Mathematics University
More informationHYLOMORPHIC SOLITONS ON LATTICES. Vieri Benci. Donato Fortunato. To our friend and colleague Louis Nirenberg, with affection and admiration.
DISCETE AND CONTINUOUS doi:0.3934/dcds.200.28.875 DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Volume 28, Number 3, November 200 pp. 875 897 HYLOMOPHIC SOLITONS ON LATTICES Vieri Benci Dipartimento di Matematica Applicata U. Dini
More informationCompactness results and applications to some zero mass elliptic problems
Compactness results and applications to some zero mass elliptic problems A. Azzollini & A. Pomponio 1 Introduction and statement of the main results In this paper we study the elliptic problem, v = f (v)
More informationEXISTENCE RESULTS FOR QUASILINEAR HEMIVARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES AT RESONANCE. Leszek Gasiński
DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS Website: www.aimsciences.org DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENT 2007 pp. 409 418 EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR QUASILINEAR HEMIVARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES AT RESONANCE Leszek Gasiński Jagiellonian
More informationA Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequality with variable exponent and applications to PDE s
A Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type ineuality with variable exponent and applications to PDE s Mihai Mihăilescu a,b Vicenţiu Rădulescu a,c Denisa Stancu-Dumitru a a Department of Mathematics, University of
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ap] 12 Feb 2016
On the Schrödinger-Maxwell system involving sublinear terms arxiv:1602.04147v1 [math.ap] 12 Feb 2016 Alexandru Kristály 1 Department of Economics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. Teodor Mihali, nr. 58-60,
More informationNecessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions for Global Existence in the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions for Global Existence in the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation Pascal Bégout aboratoire Jacques-ouis ions Université Pierre et Marie Curie Boîte Courrier 187,
More informationA nodal solution of the scalar field equation at the second minimax level
Bull. London Math. Soc. 46 (2014) 1218 1225 C 2014 London Mathematical Society doi:10.1112/blms/bdu075 A nodal solution of the scalar field equation at the second minimax level Kanishka Perera and Cyril
More informationORBITAL STABILITY OF SOLITARY WAVES FOR A 2D-BOUSSINESQ SYSTEM
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 05 05, No. 76, pp. 7. ISSN: 07-669. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu ORBITAL STABILITY OF SOLITARY
More informationOn a Nonlocal Elliptic System of p-kirchhoff-type Under Neumann Boundary Condition
On a Nonlocal Elliptic System of p-kirchhoff-type Under Neumann Boundary Condition Francisco Julio S.A Corrêa,, UFCG - Unidade Acadêmica de Matemática e Estatística, 58.9-97 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
More informationNONHOMOGENEOUS ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS INVOLVING CRITICAL SOBOLEV EXPONENT AND WEIGHT
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 016 (016), No. 08, pp. 1 1. ISSN: 107-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu NONHOMOGENEOUS ELLIPTIC
More informationPara el cumpleaños del egregio profesor Ireneo Peral
On two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations Para el cumpleaños del egregio profesor Ireneo Peral Dipartimento di Matematica Sapienza Università di Roma Salamanca 13.02.2007 Coauthors Luca Fanelli (Sapienza
More informationEXISTENCE OF THREE WEAK SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR DIRICHLET PROBLEM. Saeid Shokooh and Ghasem A. Afrouzi. 1. Introduction
MATEMATIČKI VESNIK MATEMATIQKI VESNIK 69 4 (217 271 28 December 217 research paper originalni nauqni rad EXISTENCE OF THREE WEAK SOLUTIONS FOR A QUASILINEAR DIRICHLET PROBLEM Saeid Shokooh and Ghasem A.
More informationMath The Laplacian. 1 Green s Identities, Fundamental Solution
Math. 209 The Laplacian Green s Identities, Fundamental Solution Let be a bounded open set in R n, n 2, with smooth boundary. The fact that the boundary is smooth means that at each point x the external
More informationNonlinear elliptic systems with exponential nonlinearities
22-Fez conference on Partial Differential Equations, Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Conference 9, 22, pp 139 147. http://ejde.math.swt.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.swt.edu
More informationMULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR A KIRCHHOFF EQUATION WITH NONLINEARITY HAVING ARBITRARY GROWTH
MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR A KIRCHHOFF EQUATION WITH NONLINEARITY HAVING ARBITRARY GROWTH MARCELO F. FURTADO AND HENRIQUE R. ZANATA Abstract. We prove the existence of infinitely many solutions for the Kirchhoff
More informationExistence of Multiple Positive Solutions of Quasilinear Elliptic Problems in R N
Advances in Dynamical Systems and Applications. ISSN 0973-5321 Volume 2 Number 1 (2007), pp. 1 11 c Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/adsa.htm Existence of Multiple Positive Solutions
More informationSYMMETRY IN REARRANGEMENT OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2009(2009), No. 149, pp. 1 10. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu SYMMETRY IN REARRANGEMENT
More informationPOSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR SOME NON-AUTONOMOUS KIRCHHOFF TYPE PROBLEMS
ROCKY MOUNTAIN JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS Volume 47, Number 1, 2017 POSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR SOME NON-AUTONOMOUS KIRCHHOFF TYPE PROBLEMS QILIN XIE AND SHIWANG MA ABSTRACT. In this paper, we study
More informationNon-homogeneous semilinear elliptic equations involving critical Sobolev exponent
Non-homogeneous semilinear elliptic equations involving critical Sobolev exponent Yūki Naito a and Tokushi Sato b a Department of Mathematics, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan b Mathematical
More informationA semilinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic field
A semilinear Schrödinger equation with magnetic field Andrzej Szulkin Department of Mathematics, Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 1 Introduction In this note we describe some recent results
More informationEXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR CROSS CRITICAL EXPONENTIAL N-LAPLACIAN SYSTEMS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2014 (2014), o. 28, pp. 1 10. ISS: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu EXISTECE OF SOLUTIOS
More informationSYMMETRY OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF SOME NONLINEAR EQUATIONS. M. Grossi S. Kesavan F. Pacella M. Ramaswamy. 1. Introduction
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 12, 1998, 47 59 SYMMETRY OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF SOME NONLINEAR EQUATIONS M. Grossi S. Kesavan F. Pacella M. Ramaswamy
More informationSPACES ENDOWED WITH A GRAPH AND APPLICATIONS. Mina Dinarvand. 1. Introduction
MATEMATIČKI VESNIK MATEMATIQKI VESNIK 69, 1 (2017), 23 38 March 2017 research paper originalni nauqni rad FIXED POINT RESULTS FOR (ϕ, ψ)-contractions IN METRIC SPACES ENDOWED WITH A GRAPH AND APPLICATIONS
More informationNon-radial solutions to a bi-harmonic equation with negative exponent
Non-radial solutions to a bi-harmonic equation with negative exponent Ali Hyder Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6TZ2, Canada ali.hyder@math.ubc.ca Juncheng Wei
More informationA REMARK ON MINIMAL NODAL SOLUTIONS OF AN ELLIPTIC PROBLEM IN A BALL. Olaf Torné. 1. Introduction
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 24, 2004, 199 207 A REMARK ON MINIMAL NODAL SOLUTIONS OF AN ELLIPTIC PROBLEM IN A BALL Olaf Torné (Submitted by Michel
More informationOn the Second Minimax Level of the Scalar Field Equation and Symmetry Breaking
arxiv:128.1139v3 [math.ap] 2 May 213 On the Second Minimax Level of the Scalar Field Equation and Symmetry Breaking Kanishka Perera Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne,
More informationA NOTE ON THE EXISTENCE OF TWO NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS OF A RESONANCE PROBLEM
PORTUGALIAE MATHEMATICA Vol. 51 Fasc. 4 1994 A NOTE ON THE EXISTENCE OF TWO NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS OF A RESONANCE PROBLEM To Fu Ma* Abstract: We study the existence of two nontrivial solutions for an elliptic
More informationOn Ekeland s variational principle
J. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 10 (2011) 191 195 DOI 10.1007/s11784-011-0048-x Published online March 31, 2011 Springer Basel AG 2011 Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications On Ekeland s variational
More informationLaplace s Equation. Chapter Mean Value Formulas
Chapter 1 Laplace s Equation Let be an open set in R n. A function u C 2 () is called harmonic in if it satisfies Laplace s equation n (1.1) u := D ii u = 0 in. i=1 A function u C 2 () is called subharmonic
More informationHomogenization and error estimates of free boundary velocities in periodic media
Homogenization and error estimates of free boundary velocities in periodic media Inwon C. Kim October 7, 2011 Abstract In this note I describe a recent result ([14]-[15]) on homogenization and error estimates
More informationNonlinear Analysis. Infinitely many positive solutions for a Schrödinger Poisson system
Nonlinear Analysis 74 (0) 5705 57 ontents lists available at ScienceDirect Nonlinear Analysis journal homepage: wwwelseviercom/locate/na Infinitely many positive solutions for a Schrödinger Poisson system
More informationEXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS FOR A RESONANT PROBLEM UNDER LANDESMAN-LAZER CONDITIONS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 2008(2008), No. 98, pp. 1 10. ISSN: 1072-6691. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu (login: ftp) EXISTENCE
More informationThe Dirichlet s P rinciple. In this lecture we discuss an alternative formulation of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation:
Oct. 1 The Dirichlet s P rinciple In this lecture we discuss an alternative formulation of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation: 1. Dirichlet s Principle. u = in, u = g on. ( 1 ) If we multiply
More informationANALYTIC SMOOTHING EFFECT FOR NONLI TitleSCHRÖDINGER EQUATION IN TWO SPACE DIMENSIONS. Citation Osaka Journal of Mathematics.
ANALYTIC SMOOTHING EFFECT FOR NONLI TitleSCHRÖDINGER EQUATION IN TWO SPACE DIMENSIONS Author(s) Hoshino, Gaku; Ozawa, Tohru Citation Osaka Journal of Mathematics. 51(3) Issue 014-07 Date Text Version publisher
More informationEXISTENCE OF POSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF ASYMPTOTICALLY PERIODIC SCHRÖDINGER-POISSON SYSTEMS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 207 (207), No. 2, pp.. ISSN: 072-669. URL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE GROUND STATE SOLUTIONS FOR A
More informationExistence of Positive Solutions to Semilinear Elliptic Systems Involving Concave and Convex Nonlinearities
Journal of Physical Science Application 5 (2015) 71-81 doi: 10.17265/2159-5348/2015.01.011 D DAVID PUBLISHING Existence of Positive Solutions to Semilinear Elliptic Systems Involving Concave Convex Nonlinearities
More informationRadial Symmetry of Minimizers for Some Translation and Rotation Invariant Functionals
journal of differential equations 124, 378388 (1996) article no. 0015 Radial Symmetry of Minimizers for Some Translation and Rotation Invariant Functionals Orlando Lopes IMECCUNICAMPCaixa Postal 1170 13081-970,
More informationSymmetry and monotonicity of least energy solutions
Symmetry and monotonicity of least energy solutions Jaeyoung BYEO, Louis JEAJEA and Mihai MARIŞ Abstract We give a simple proof of the fact that for a large class of quasilinear elliptic equations and
More informationHOMOCLINIC SOLUTIONS FOR SECOND-ORDER NON-AUTONOMOUS HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS WITHOUT GLOBAL AMBROSETTI-RABINOWITZ CONDITIONS
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, Vol. 010010, No. 9, pp. 1 10. ISSN: 107-6691. UL: http://ejde.math.txstate.edu or http://ejde.math.unt.edu ftp ejde.math.txstate.edu HOMOCLINIC SOLUTIONS FO
More informationSPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACIAN ON BOUNDED DOMAINS
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACIAN ON BOUNDED DOMAINS TSOGTGEREL GANTUMUR Abstract. After establishing discrete spectra for a large class of elliptic operators, we present some fundamental spectral properties
More informationThreshold behavior and non-quasiconvergent solutions with localized initial data for bistable reaction-diffusion equations
Threshold behavior and non-quasiconvergent solutions with localized initial data for bistable reaction-diffusion equations P. Poláčik School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455
More informationCOMBINED EFFECTS FOR A STATIONARY PROBLEM WITH INDEFINITE NONLINEARITIES AND LACK OF COMPACTNESS
Dynamic Systems and Applications 22 (203) 37-384 COMBINED EFFECTS FOR A STATIONARY PROBLEM WITH INDEFINITE NONLINEARITIES AND LACK OF COMPACTNESS VICENŢIU D. RĂDULESCU Simion Stoilow Mathematics Institute
More informationNonlinear problems with lack of compactness in Critical Point Theory
Nonlinear problems with lack of compactness in Critical Point Theory Carlo Mercuri CASA Day Eindhoven, 11th April 2012 Critical points Many linear and nonlinear PDE s have the form P(u) = 0, u X. (1) Here
More informationEXISTENCE AND REGULARITY RESULTS FOR SOME NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS
EXISTECE AD REGULARITY RESULTS FOR SOME OLIEAR PARABOLIC EUATIOS Lucio BOCCARDO 1 Andrea DALL AGLIO 2 Thierry GALLOUËT3 Luigi ORSIA 1 Abstract We prove summability results for the solutions of nonlinear
More informationOn a Periodic Schrödinger Equation with Nonlocal Superlinear Part
On a Periodic Schrödinger Equation with Nonlocal Superlinear Part Nils Ackermann Abstract We consider the Choquard-Pekar equation u + V u = (W u 2 )u u H 1 (R 3 ) and focus on the case of periodic potential
More informationPositive and Nodal Solutions For a Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Indefinite Potential
Advanced Nonlinear Studies 8 (008), 353 373 Positive and Nodal Solutions For a Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Indefinite Potential Marcelo F. Furtado, Liliane A. Maia Universidade de Brasília - Departamento
More informationEXISTENCE RESULTS FOR OPERATOR EQUATIONS INVOLVING DUALITY MAPPINGS VIA THE MOUNTAIN PASS THEOREM
EXISTENCE RESULTS FOR OPERATOR EQUATIONS INVOLVING DUALITY MAPPINGS VIA THE MOUNTAIN PASS THEOREM JENICĂ CRÎNGANU We derive existence results for operator equations having the form J ϕu = N f u, by using
More informationEquilibria with a nontrivial nodal set and the dynamics of parabolic equations on symmetric domains
Equilibria with a nontrivial nodal set and the dynamics of parabolic equations on symmetric domains J. Földes Department of Mathematics, Univerité Libre de Bruxelles 1050 Brussels, Belgium P. Poláčik School
More informationPartial Differential Equations
Part II Partial Differential Equations Year 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2015 Paper 4, Section II 29E Partial Differential Equations 72 (a) Show that the Cauchy problem for u(x,
More informationarxiv: v2 [math.ap] 18 Apr 2016
LEAST ACTIO ODAL SOLUTIOS FOR THE QUADRATIC CHOQUARD EQUATIO MARCO GHIMETI, VITALY MOROZ, AD JEA VA SCHAFTIGE arxiv:1511.04779v2 [math.ap] 18 Apr 2016 Abstract. We prove the existence of a minimal action
More informationTwo dimensional exterior mixed problem for semilinear damped wave equations
J. Math. Anal. Appl. 31 (25) 366 377 www.elsevier.com/locate/jmaa Two dimensional exterior mixed problem for semilinear damped wave equations Ryo Ikehata 1 Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of
More informationSHARP BOUNDARY TRACE INEQUALITIES. 1. Introduction
SHARP BOUNDARY TRACE INEQUALITIES GILES AUCHMUTY Abstract. This paper describes sharp inequalities for the trace of Sobolev functions on the boundary of a bounded region R N. The inequalities bound (semi-)norms
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.ap] 28 Aug 2018
Note on semiclassical states for the Schrödinger equation with nonautonomous nonlinearities Bartosz Bieganowski Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, ul. Chopina
More informationOPTIMAL POTENTIALS FOR SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS. 1. Introduction In this paper we consider optimization problems of the form. min F (V ) : V V, (1.
OPTIMAL POTENTIALS FOR SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS G. BUTTAZZO, A. GEROLIN, B. RUFFINI, AND B. VELICHKOV Abstract. We consider the Schrödinger operator + V (x) on H 0 (), where is a given domain of R d. Our
More informationON BOUNDEDNESS OF MAXIMAL FUNCTIONS IN SOBOLEV SPACES
Annales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicæ Mathematica Volumen 29, 2004, 167 176 ON BOUNDEDNESS OF MAXIMAL FUNCTIONS IN SOBOLEV SPACES Piotr Haj lasz and Jani Onninen Warsaw University, Institute of Mathematics
More informationA REMARK ON LEAST ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN R N. 0. Introduction In this note we study the following nonlinear scalar field equations in R N :
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 131, Number 8, Pages 399 408 S 000-9939(0)0681-1 Article electronically published on November 13, 00 A REMARK ON LEAST ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN R N LOUIS
More informationFunctional Analysis. Franck Sueur Metric spaces Definitions Completeness Compactness Separability...
Functional Analysis Franck Sueur 2018-2019 Contents 1 Metric spaces 1 1.1 Definitions........................................ 1 1.2 Completeness...................................... 3 1.3 Compactness......................................
More informationPropagating terraces and the dynamics of front-like solutions of reaction-diffusion equations on R
Propagating terraces and the dynamics of front-like solutions of reaction-diffusion equations on R P. Poláčik School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 Abstract We consider semilinear
More informationBielefeld Course on Nonlinear Waves - June 29, Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Solitons on Manifolds
Joint work (on various projects) with Pierre Albin (UIUC), Hans Christianson (UNC), Jason Metcalfe (UNC), Michael Taylor (UNC), Laurent Thomann (Nantes) Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina,
More informationNONEXISTENCE OF MINIMIZER FOR THOMAS-FERMI-DIRAC-VON WEIZSÄCKER MODEL. x y
NONEXISTENCE OF MINIMIZER FOR THOMAS-FERMI-DIRAC-VON WEIZSÄCKER MODEL JIANFENG LU AND FELIX OTTO In this paper, we study the following energy functional () E(ϕ) := ϕ 2 + F(ϕ 2 ) dx + D(ϕ 2,ϕ 2 ), R 3 where
More informationExistence, stability and instability for Einstein-scalar field Lichnerowicz equations by Emmanuel Hebey
Existence, stability and instability for Einstein-scalar field Lichnerowicz equations by Emmanuel Hebey Joint works with Olivier Druet and with Frank Pacard and Dan Pollack Two hours lectures IAS, October
More informationNONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS FOR SUPERQUADRATIC NONAUTONOMOUS PERIODIC SYSTEMS. Shouchuan Hu Nikolas S. Papageorgiou. 1. Introduction
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 34, 29, 327 338 NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS FOR SUPERQUADRATIC NONAUTONOMOUS PERIODIC SYSTEMS Shouchuan Hu Nikolas S. Papageorgiou
More informationSharp blow-up criteria for the Davey-Stewartson system in R 3
Dynamics of PDE, Vol.8, No., 9-60, 011 Sharp blow-up criteria for the Davey-Stewartson system in R Jian Zhang Shihui Zhu Communicated by Y. Charles Li, received October 7, 010. Abstract. In this paper,
More informationIn this paper we are concerned with the following nonlinear field equation:
Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis Journal of the Juliusz Schauder Center Volume 17, 2001, 191 211 AN EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR A QUASILINEAR ELLIPTIC FIELD EQUATION ON R n V. Benci A. M. Micheletti
More informationCONVERGENCE THEORY. G. ALLAIRE CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique. 1. Maximum principle. 2. Oscillating test function. 3. Two-scale convergence
1 CONVERGENCE THEOR G. ALLAIRE CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique 1. Maximum principle 2. Oscillating test function 3. Two-scale convergence 4. Application to homogenization 5. General theory H-convergence) 6.
More informationarxiv: v1 [math.oc] 12 Nov 2018
EXTERNAL OPTIMAL CONTROL OF NONLOCAL PDES HARBIR ANTIL, RATNA KHATRI, AND MAHAMADI WARMA arxiv:1811.04515v1 [math.oc] 12 Nov 2018 Abstract. Very recently Warma [35] has shown that for nonlocal PDEs associated
More informationStability and Instability of Standing Waves for the Nonlinear Fractional Schrödinger Equation. Shihui Zhu (joint with J. Zhang)
and of Standing Waves the Fractional Schrödinger Equation Shihui Zhu (joint with J. Zhang) Department of Mathematics, Sichuan Normal University & IMS, National University of Singapore P1 iu t ( + k 2 )
More informationSome nonlinear elliptic equations in R N
Nonlinear Analysis 39 000) 837 860 www.elsevier.nl/locate/na Some nonlinear elliptic equations in Monica Musso, Donato Passaseo Dipartimento di Matematica, Universita di Pisa, Via Buonarroti,, 5617 Pisa,
More informationHOMOLOGICAL LOCAL LINKING
HOMOLOGICAL LOCAL LINKING KANISHKA PERERA Abstract. We generalize the notion of local linking to include certain cases where the functional does not have a local splitting near the origin. Applications
More informationExistence of Pulses for Local and Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Existence of Pulses for Local and Nonlocal Reaction-Diffusion Equations Nathalie Eymard, Vitaly Volpert, Vitali Vougalter To cite this version: Nathalie Eymard, Vitaly Volpert, Vitali Vougalter. Existence
More informationGlobal unbounded solutions of the Fujita equation in the intermediate range
Global unbounded solutions of the Fujita equation in the intermediate range Peter Poláčik School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Eiji Yanagida Department of Mathematics,
More information2 A Model, Harmonic Map, Problem
ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS JOHN E. HUTCHINSON Department of Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences, A.N.U. 1 Introduction Elliptic equations model the behaviour of scalar quantities u, such as temperature or
More information