Electroweak Theory & Neutrino Scattering

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Electroweak Theory & Neutrino Scattering"

Transcription

1 Electroweak Theory & Electroweak Theory &

2 Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory &

3 Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory &

4 Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory &

5 Contents Glashow-Weinberg-Salam-Model Electroweak Theory &

6 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Quantum Field Theory Quantum electrodynamics is a quantum field theory Quantum field theory describes interaction between particles Combines classical field theory and quantum mechanics Includes field quantization aka 2. quantization Considers explicitly creation and destruction of particles Electroweak Theory &

7 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization General Field Theory Field theory is a mathematical construct describing effects invoked by force and interaction Classical field theory neglegts quantum mechanics. Forces act instantaniously (ED) Quantum field theory incorporates quantum mechanics. Exchange of gauge bosons as force mediator Abelian theory: gauge bosons do not interact among themselves (QED) Non abelian Yang-Mills-theory: gauge bosons can interact (QCD,Weak) Electroweak Theory &

8 Formalism of Field Theory Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization All field theories can be described by the Lagrange density formalism For a known Lagrange density of a field theory L = L(φ i, φ i,...) Variation of the action S = d n xl(φ i, φ i,...) yields Euler-Lagrange equation: L L µ = 0 i = 0, 1,... φ i µ φ i System of differential equations aka motion equation of the field theory Boundary conditions need to be fixed for physical systems Electroweak Theory &

9 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Gauge Theory Quantum field theories describing fundamental forces are gauge theories Gauge theories are field theories depending on gauge invariance Gauge invariance is invariance of i.e. Lagrange density under gauge transformations Local, continuous symmetry transformations of inner degrees of freedom of particles Transformations have properties of a group aka gauge group Electroweak Theory &

10 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization QED is a quantum field theoretical description of ED Follows from ED through quantization of Maxwell equations QED was developed in 40ies as first QFT Consistent quantum theoretical description of fields Creation and destruction of particles explicitly included L = 1 4 F µνf µν + n ψ n (iγ µ D µ m)ψ n D µ = µ + iea µ Developed by Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Pauli 1965 Nobelprize: Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonaga for Renormalization Electroweak Theory &

11 Introduction: Maxwell Equations Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization About 1860 Maxwell proposed the laws of electricity and magnetism in 4 short equations: curl B = j + t E div B = 0 curl E = t B div E = ρ Heavyside-Lorentz-Units: = c = ɛ 0 = µ 0 = 1 Electroweak Theory &

12 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Relativistic Formulation of Maxwell Equations Field Strength Tensor & 4-Current Density 0 E 1 E 2 E 3 (F µν ) = E 1 0 B 3 B 2 E 2 B 3 0 B 1 (j µ ) = E 3 B 2 B 1 0 ( ρ j ) Maxwell Equations: µ F µν = j ν ɛ µνρσ ν F ρσ = 0 Electroweak Theory &

13 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization 4-Potential A µ ( ) φ Combine potentials φ, A to (A µ ) = A F µν = µ A ν ν A µ implies ɛ µνρσ ν F ρσ = 0 A µ is not yet fixed. For A µ (x) A µ (x) + µ Λ(x) F µν remains unchanged This transformation is called a gauge transformation Lorentz-condition µ A µ = 0 yields A µ = j µ Electroweak Theory &

14 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Field Operator A µ For a free photon field A µ = 0 In quantum theory this is an operator equation Therefore we can rewrite the field operator A µ as d 3 k A µ (x) = (2π) 3 2ω (eikx a µ(k) + e ikx a µ (k)) ( ) ω k = ω = k k kx = k µ x µ = ωt kx Electroweak Theory &

15 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Lorentz-Condition as Boundary condition a, a are operators in Fock-space with a µ (k) 0 = 0 [a µ (k), a ν(k )] = g µν (2π) 3 2ωδ 3 (k k ) A µ = 0 Maxwell equations only under Lorentz-condition Lorentz-condition in operator form does not consider relativistic invariance Lorentz-condition as boundary condition for states (Gupta,Bleuler) Electroweak Theory &

16 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Physical States Considering only the part of the states fullfilling Lorentz-condition as physical yields A ( ) µ (x) = d 3 k (2π) 3 2ω e ikx a µ (k) Asking that µ A ( ) µ (x) Phys.State = 0 Therefore Phys.State µ A µ (x) Phys.State = 0 Electroweak Theory &

17 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Base for Creation and Destruction Operator Chose e 1, e 2 k and e 3 = k/ k orthonormal Define Operators α α 0 (k) = 1 2 (a 0 (k) e 3 a (k)) α 1 (k) = e 1 a (k) α 2 (k) = e 2 a (k) α 3 (k) = 1 2 (a 0 (k) + e 3 a (k)) Electroweak Theory &

18 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Commutator Relations [α 0 (k), α 0 (k )] = [α 3 (k), α 3 (k )] = 0 [α 0 (k), α 3 (k )] = [α 3 (k), α 0 (k )] = (2π) 3 2ωδ 3 (k k ) [α 1 (k), α 1 (k )] = [α 2 (k), α 2 (k )] = (2π) 3 2ωδ 3 (k k ) All other commutators vanish Electroweak Theory &

19 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization State vectors Boundary condition α 0 (k) Phys.State = 0 State vector α 1 (k 1) α 1 (k 2)..α 2 (k 1)..α 0 (k 1).. 0 Phys. state vector is a linear combination of state vectors Phys.State Phys.State if ( 1 2 )( 1 2 ) = 0 yielding a Hilbert-space with positiv definite metric Electroweak Theory &

20 Wick-Theorem Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Normal ordered product : A 1 A 2 A 3 : is product over field operators A i with creation operators all to the left For fermionic operators include ( 1) N with N: Number of transitions of fermionic operators Example: : a k1 a k 2 a k3 a k 4 := a k 2 a k 4 a k1 a k3 Time ordered product T (φ(x)φ(y)) =: φ(x)φ(y) : +φ(x)φ(y) φ(x)φ(y) = i F (x y) = d 3 k [e ik(x y) θ(x 0 y 0 ) + e ik(y x) θ(y 0 x 0 )] 2ω k (2π) 3 Express any time ordered product as summation over normal ordered products generated by all possible contractions Electroweak Theory &

21 Field Theory Maxwell Equations Field Quantization Renormalization Quantization of a field theory may lead to divergencies in the integrals of quantum mechanic amplitudes, rendering the theory useless Divergencies are created by the transition of non interacting theory to interacting theory Elimination of divergencies through renormalization relying on gauge invariance If there is only a finite number of divergencies per order of perturbation theory the theory is renormizable If renormizable the theory can still be used Electroweak Theory &

22 Proposal of Problems of In analogy to electromagnetic interaction j µ A µ Fermi proposed in 1934 the interaction j µ j µ for the β-decay by replacing the vector current A µ ēγ µ ν e by a leptonic current Considering the process i.e. (n p + e + ν e ) yields H int = G[ Ψ 1 (x)γ µ Ψ 2 ][ Ψ 3 (x)γ µ Ψ 4 (x)] + h.c. The hermitian conjugate is added to account for the β + -decay Electroweak Theory &

23 Proposal of Problems of Problems of has a bad high energy behavior Violation of unitarity for high energies Higher order calculations diverge and need to be regulated No systematical regularization Not renormizable Solved by exchange of massive vector bosons instead of contact interactions GWS theory of electroweak interaction Electroweak Theory &

24 Proposal of Problems of Problems of has a bad high energy behavior Violation of unitarity for high energies Higher order calculations diverge and need to be regulated No systematical regularization Not renormizable Solved by exchange of massive vector bosons instead of contact interactions GWS theory of electroweak interaction Electroweak Theory &

25 Motivation Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Why combine electromagnetic and weak interaction? Each electromagnetic process is mediated by an uncharged photon Z 0 is uncharged as well Why shouldn t the same process be mediated by a Z 0 boson In the amplitude of each electromagnetic process is a part of the corresponding weak process included Thus it is not farfetched to consider photon and Z 0 as of one family Electroweak Theory &

26 Historical Overview Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory 1957 First try by Julian Schwinger 1960 His Phd Sheldon Lee Glashow proposes an electroweak gauge theorie without explaining the masses of weak bosons 1964 Abdus Salam proposes Glashows model, apparently not knowing of it 1967 Steven Weinberg proposes an electroweak theory including the Higgs mechanism as explanation of the weak boson masses 1968 Abdus Salam proposes independently the same theory as Weinberg 1979 Glashow,Weinberg and Salam were awarded the Nobel prize for the unification of electromagnetic and weak theory Electroweak Theory &

27 Weak Isospin T Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Consider a weak isospin T to introduce electroweak multiplets (L) Fermions change into one other by W-boson exchange ( ) ( νe (L) 1 ) Dublet e with T (L) 3 = Singlet (e (R)) with T 3 = (0) Electroweak Theory &

28 Isospin Preservation Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Process ν e + X e + Y exchanges a W For isospin preservation W needs T 3 = 1 and T 3 (W + ) = 1 W + andw belong to a T = 1 triplet with W 0 Weak charge g T 3 (W 0 ) = 0 Be careful W 0 Z 0 Introduce singlet state B 0 Weak charge g Photon and Z 0 are mixed states of B 0 andw 0 Electroweak Theory &

29 Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Weinberg Angle θ w ( ) ( ) ( ) Ψγ cos θw sin θ = w ΨB Ψ Z sin θ w cos θ w Ψ W Geometric rotation, therefore θ w identified as an angle Relation between charge and Weinberg-angle e = gg g 2 + g 2 sin θ w = g g 2 + g 2 cos θ w = g g 2 + g 2 Relation of electric and weak charge: e = g sin θ w Electroweak Theory &

30 Weak Interaction Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory For sin 2 θ w = 0, sin θ w 0, 5 e 0, 5 g Comparing coupling constants electromagnetic and weak interaction should be of almost equal strength In reality electromagnetic interaction is much stronger than weak Reason is propagator of exchange particle i q 2 m 2 Photon is massless, W and Z bosons have large masses yielding a small propagator Small propagator explains weakness of weak interaction Electroweak Theory &

31 Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Magnet above T C Basic properties of a system have a symmetry not shown by groundstate Consider potential V (Φ) = 1 2 µ2 Φ λφ4 Example: Magnetization state of an iron rod above T C with µ 2 0 Free energy symmetric to unmagnetized state Ground state on symmetry axis Electroweak Theory &

32 Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Magnet below T C Lovering T below T C yields a potential with µ < 0 Thus, the apex goes up, but rotation symmetry is preserved Spontaneously there are 2 equilibrium states for M 0 Equilibrium situation does not reflect original rotation symmetry Spontaneous symmetry breaking yields a phase transition Electroweak Theory &

33 Higgs-Mechanism Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Higgs proposed a limiting energy for a phase transition for electroweak exchange particles Above the energy exchange particles are massless, below they receive mass For each particle one considers a Higgs-field with a Higgs-boson At the transition point W- and Z-bosons eat their Higgs-boson, acquiering mass Photon stays massless Theory proposes a free Higgs-boson Electroweak Theory &

34 Goldstone Theorem Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Massless scalars (Goldstone-bosons) arise if symmetry is spontaneously broken Number of scalars equal number of spontaneously broken generators of the group No evidence for existence in electroweak processes For local gauge invariance the Goldstone-boson is needed for longitudinal polarization of massive gauge-bosons Gauge-field eats Goldstone-bosons Degrees of freedom of Goldstone bosons combine with gauge-fields to form massive vector-bosons Electroweak Theory &

35 Achievements of EW Theory Motivation Historical Overview Weak Isospin T Spontaneus Symmetry Breaking Higgs-Mechanism Achievements of EW Theory Existence of weak current mediated by Z 0 (1973 CERN) Existence of charm-quark (1974 Discovery of J/Ψ particle) t Hooft showed renormizability of GWS-Model (1971) Nobelprize 1999 Existence of massive W- and Z-bosons (1983 CERN) Still missing: Existence of free Higgs-boson Electroweak Theory &

36 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Very good way of measuring θ w Consider reactions: ν µ (k) + N(p) ν µ (k ) + X ν µ (k) + N(p) ν µ (k ) + X First seen by the Gargamelle collaboration Electroweak Theory &

37 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Deep Inelastic Scattering Deep inelastic scattering uses the parton model Hadrons are composed of partons For a rate calculation one considers the rate for single partons and sums incoherently over all partons in a nucleon Considering only u- and d quarks leaves following reactions Electroweak Theory &

38 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Elemental Neutrino-Parton-Reactions For neutral currents: ν µ ( ν µ ) + u ν µ ( ν µ ) + u ν µ ( ν µ ) + d ν µ ( ν µ ) + d For charged currents: ν µ + d µ + u ν µ + u µ + + d Measurement was obtained on heavy targets averaged over proton and neutron Distribution function N(x) = N u (x) + N d (x) = 2N u d because of isospin invariance Electroweak Theory &

39 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Cross Sections averaged over Proton and Neutron σ(ν µ N µ X ) = G 2 π ME dx x N(x) 0 σ(ν µ N ν µ X ) = G 2 1 [ 1 π ME dx x N(x) 2 sin2 θ w + 20 ] 27 sin4 θ w σ( ν µ N ν µ X ) = G 2 σ( ν µ N µ + X ) = G 2 3π ME π ME dx x N(x) dx x N(x) [ 1 2 sin2 θ w + 20 ] 9 sin4 θ w Electroweak Theory &

40 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Measurement of sin 2 θ w Relations of neutral to charged current R ν andr ν R ν = σ(νµn νµx ) σ(ν µn µ X ) = 1 2 sin2 θ w sin4 θ w R ν = σ( νµn νµx ) σ( ν µn µ + X ) = 1 2 sin2 θ w sin4 θ w By plotting R ν R ν plane sin 2 θ w should lie on the Weinberg-Nose Measurements of CHDS- and CHARM-collaboration yielded sin 2 θ w = 0, 23 Electroweak Theory &

41 Neutrino-Nucleon-Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections Measurement of sin 2 θ w Measurement of sin 2 θ w For precision measurement one has to consider Antiquarks in the nucleon Behavior of sin 2 θ w in higher order of perturbation theory Convention: sin 2 θ w = 1 m2 W m 2 Z Best value of sin 2 θ w = 0, ± 0, Electroweak Theory &

42 Key Ideas References Key Ideas QED and weak theory are the pillars of EW theory In the amplitude of em processes part of a weak process is included Photon and Z 0 are mixed states of B 0 andw 0 Small propagator explains weakness of weak interaction Spontaneous symmetry breaking: Basic properties of a system have a symmetry not shown by groundstate All predictions of EW theory were discovered, except Higgs-boson Neutrino scattering is a good way to obtain θ w Electroweak Theory &

43 Key Ideas References References A Modern Introduction to Particle Physics by Fayyazuddin and Riazuddin Gauge Theory of Elementary Particle Physics by Ta-Pei Cheng and Ling-Fong Li Introduction to Quantum Field Theory by S.J.Chang Feynman-Graphen und Eichtheorien für Experimentalphysiker by Peter Schmüser Elementarteilchenphysik: Phänomene und Konzepte by Otto Nachtmann Electroweak Theory &

Weak interactions and vector bosons

Weak interactions and vector bosons Weak interactions and vector bosons What do we know now about weak interactions? Theory of weak interactions Fermi's theory of weak interactions V-A theory Current - current theory, current algebra W and

More information

Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013

Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013 ecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 013 (Weak) Neutral Currents 1 Contents Theoretical Motivation for Neutral Currents NC Processes Experimental Discovery Measurement of the Weinberg

More information

Fundamental Particles and Forces

Fundamental Particles and Forces Fundamental Particles and Forces A Look at the Standard Model and Interesting Theories André Gras PHYS 3305 SMU 1 Overview Introduction to Fundamental Particles and Forces Brief History of Discovery The

More information

Quantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University

Quantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model MATTHEW D. Harvard University SCHWARTZ!H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS t Contents v Preface page xv Part I Field theory 1 1 Microscopic theory of radiation 3 1.1

More information

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6 Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6 Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2009 Outline 1 Fermi s theory, once more 2 From effective to full theory: Weak gauge bosons 3 Massive gauge bosons:

More information

Genesis of Electroweak. Unification

Genesis of Electroweak. Unification Unification Tom Kibble Imperial College London ICTP October 2014 1 Outline Development of the electroweak theory, which incorporates the idea of the Higgs boson as I saw it from my standpoint in Imperial

More information

The Standard Model Part. II

The Standard Model Part. II Our Story Thus Far The Standard Model Part. II!!We started with QED (and!)!!we extended this to the Fermi theory of weak interactions! Adding G F!!Today we will extended this to Glashow-Weinberg-Salam

More information

The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology

The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Lecture 2: The QCD Lagrangian, Symmetries and Feynman Rules

More information

Birth of electroweak theory from an Imperial perspective

Birth of electroweak theory from an Imperial perspective Birth of electroweak theory from an Imperial perspective Tom Kibble King s College London 2 Oct 2012 Electroweak theory Oct 2012 1 Outline Story of spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories and electro-weak

More information

An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics

An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics W. N. COTTINGHAM and D. A. GREENWOOD Ж CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface. page xiii Notation xv 1 The particle physicist's view of Nature

More information

Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Jianwei Qiu Theory Center, Jefferson Lab May 29 June 15, 2018 Lecture One The plan for my four lectures q The Goal: To understand the strong interaction dynamics

More information

Lecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM

Lecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM The Standard Model So far we talked about all the particles except the Higgs If we know what the particles

More information

Anomaly. Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa. College de France, 14 February 2006

Anomaly. Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa. College de France, 14 February 2006 Anomaly Kenichi KONISHI University of Pisa College de France, 14 February 2006 Abstract Symmetry and quantization U A (1) anomaly and π 0 decay Origin of anomalies Chiral and nonabelian anomaly Anomally

More information

Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector

Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector HS Hunting New Physics in the Higgs Sector SM Higgs Sector - Test of the Higgs Mechanism Oleg Kaikov KIT, Seminar WS 2015/16 Prof. Dr. M. Margarete Mühlleitner, Dr. Roger Wolf, Dr. Hendrik Mantler Advisor:

More information

PARTICLE PHYSICS Major Option

PARTICLE PHYSICS Major Option PATICE PHYSICS Major Option Michaelmas Term 00 ichard Batley Handout No 8 QED Maxwell s equations are invariant under the gauge transformation A A A χ where A ( φ, A) and χ χ ( t, x) is the 4-vector potential

More information

Gauge Symmetry in QED

Gauge Symmetry in QED Gauge Symmetry in QED The Lagrangian density for the free e.m. field is L em = 1 4 F µνf µν where F µν is the field strength tensor F µν = µ A ν ν A µ = Thus L em = 1 (E B ) 0 E x E y E z E x 0 B z B y

More information

The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry Breaking Gell-Mann Okubo Mass Formulae Quark-Mo

The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry Breaking Gell-Mann Okubo Mass Formulae Quark-Mo Lecture 2 Quark Model The Eight Fold Way Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2014 Culiacán Sinaloa The SU(3) Group SU(3) and Mesons Contents Quarks and Anti-quarks SU(3) and Baryons Masses and Symmetry

More information

The Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local Gauge Transformations Dynamics of Field Ten

The Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local Gauge Transformations Dynamics of Field Ten Lecture 4 QCD as a Gauge Theory Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora The Gauge Principle Contents Quantum Electrodynamics SU(N) Gauge Theory Global Gauge Transformations Local

More information

QED and the Standard Model Autumn 2014

QED and the Standard Model Autumn 2014 QED and the Standard Model Autumn 2014 Joel Goldstein University of Bristol Joel.Goldstein@bristol.ac.uk These lectures are designed to give an introduction to the gauge theories of the standard model

More information

Le Modèle Standard et ses extensions

Le Modèle Standard et ses extensions Particules Élémentaires, Gravitation et Cosmologie Année 2007-08 08 Le Modèle Standard et ses extensions Cours III: 15 février f 2008 Weak Interactions: from Fermi s s model to a gauge theory 15 fevrier

More information

The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology

The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology The Strong Interaction and LHC phenomenology Juan Rojo STFC Rutherford Fellow University of Oxford Theoretical Physics Graduate School course Introduction and motivation: QCD and modern high-energy physics

More information

Essentials of Particle Physics

Essentials of Particle Physics Essentials of Particle Physics Kajari Mazumdar Department of High Energy Physics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai http://www.tifr.res.in/~mazumdar Kajari.Mazumdar@gmail.com KSTA Lecture Series

More information

Aula/Lecture 18 Non-Abelian Gauge theories The Higgs Mechanism The Standard Model: Part I

Aula/Lecture 18 Non-Abelian Gauge theories The Higgs Mechanism The Standard Model: Part I Física de Partículas Aula/Lecture 18 Non-Abelian Gauge theories The The : Part I Jorge C. Romão Instituto Superior Técnico, Departamento de Física & CFTP A. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 2016

More information

g abφ b = g ab However, this is not true for a local, or space-time dependant, transformations + g ab

g abφ b = g ab However, this is not true for a local, or space-time dependant, transformations + g ab Yang-Mills theory Modern particle theories, such as the Standard model, are quantum Yang- Mills theories. In a quantum field theory, space-time fields with relativistic field equations are quantized and,

More information

Introduction to Elementary Particles

Introduction to Elementary Particles David Criffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles Second, Revised Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Preface to the First Edition IX Preface to the Second Edition XI Formulas and Constants

More information

752 Final. April 16, Fadeev Popov Ghosts and Non-Abelian Gauge Fields. Tim Wendler BYU Physics and Astronomy. The standard model Lagrangian

752 Final. April 16, Fadeev Popov Ghosts and Non-Abelian Gauge Fields. Tim Wendler BYU Physics and Astronomy. The standard model Lagrangian 752 Final April 16, 2010 Tim Wendler BYU Physics and Astronomy Fadeev Popov Ghosts and Non-Abelian Gauge Fields The standard model Lagrangian L SM = L Y M + L W D + L Y u + L H The rst term, the Yang Mills

More information

IX. Electroweak unification

IX. Electroweak unification IX. Electroweak unification The problem of divergence A theory of weak interactions only by means of W ± bosons leads to infinities e + e - γ W - W + e + W + ν e ν µ e - W - µ + µ Divergent integrals Figure

More information

Particle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet

Particle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet Particle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet Five out of these 16 questions will be given to you at the beginning of the exam. (1) (a) Which are the different fundamental interactions that exist in Nature?

More information

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter:

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Very low temperatures, very large numbers of particles, complex systems Æ Condensed Matter Physics Very high temperatures, very large

More information

An Introduction to. Michael E. Peskin. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Daniel V. Schroeder. Weber State University. Advanced Book Program

An Introduction to. Michael E. Peskin. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Daniel V. Schroeder. Weber State University. Advanced Book Program An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory Michael E. Peskin Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Daniel V. Schroeder Weber State University 4B Advanced Book Program TT Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Reading,

More information

String Theory in the LHC Era

String Theory in the LHC Era String Theory in the LHC Era J Marsano (marsano@uchicago.edu) 1 String Theory in the LHC Era 1. Electromagnetism and Special Relativity 2. The Quantum World 3. Why do we need the Higgs? 4. The Standard

More information

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter:

Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Very low temperatures, very large numbers of particles, complex systems Æ Condensed Matter Physics Very high temperatures, very large

More information

Lecture 11 Perturbative calculation

Lecture 11 Perturbative calculation M.Krawczyk, AFZ Particles and Universe 11 1 Particles and Universe Lecture 11 Perturbative calculation Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander F. Żarnecki Faculty of Physics UW I.Theory of elementary particles description

More information

QUANTUM FIELD THEORY. A Modern Introduction MICHIO KAKU. Department of Physics City College of the City University of New York

QUANTUM FIELD THEORY. A Modern Introduction MICHIO KAKU. Department of Physics City College of the City University of New York QUANTUM FIELD THEORY A Modern Introduction MICHIO KAKU Department of Physics City College of the City University of New York New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1993 Contents Quantum Fields and Renormalization

More information

Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition

Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition FRANZ MANDL and GRAHAM SHAW School of Physics & Astromony, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Preface

More information

INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Class Mechanics My office (for now): Dantziger B Room 121 My Phone: x85200 Office hours: Call ahead, or better yet, email... Even better than office

More information

Part III The Standard Model

Part III The Standard Model Part III The Standard Model Theorems Based on lectures by C. E. Thomas Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2017 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly)

More information

Outline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification

Outline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification Weak Interactions Outline Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction Decay of the Muon Decay of the Neutron Decay of the Pion Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

More information

The mass of the Higgs boson

The mass of the Higgs boson The mass of the Higgs boson LHC : Higgs particle observation CMS 2011/12 ATLAS 2011/12 a prediction Higgs boson found standard model Higgs boson T.Plehn, M.Rauch Spontaneous symmetry breaking confirmed

More information

Electroweak physics and the LHC an introduction to the Standard Model

Electroweak physics and the LHC an introduction to the Standard Model Electroweak physics and the LHC an introduction to the Standard Model Paolo Gambino INFN Torino LHC School Martignano 12-18 June 2006 Outline Prologue on weak interactions Express review of gauge theories

More information

Lecture 8. September 21, General plan for construction of Standard Model theory. Choice of gauge symmetries for the Standard Model

Lecture 8. September 21, General plan for construction of Standard Model theory. Choice of gauge symmetries for the Standard Model Lecture 8 September 21, 2017 Today General plan for construction of Standard Model theory Properties of SU(n) transformations (review) Choice of gauge symmetries for the Standard Model Use of Lagrangian

More information

Deep Inelastic Scattering in Lepton-Hadron Collisions Probing the Parton Structure of the Nucleon with Leptons Basic Formalism (indep.

Deep Inelastic Scattering in Lepton-Hadron Collisions Probing the Parton Structure of the Nucleon with Leptons Basic Formalism (indep. Deep Inelastic Scattering in Lepton-Hadron Collisions Probing the Parton Structure of the Nucleon with Leptons Basic Formalism (indep. of strong dynamics and parton picture) Experimental Development Fixed

More information

A first trip to the world of particle physics

A first trip to the world of particle physics A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational

More information

Weak interactions, parity, helicity

Weak interactions, parity, helicity Lecture 10 Weak interactions, parity, helicity SS2011: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Part 2 2 1 Weak decay of particles The weak interaction is also responsible for the β + -decay of atomic

More information

4. The Standard Model

4. The Standard Model 4. The Standard Model Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 4. The Standard Model 1 In this section... Standard Model particle content Klein-Gordon equation Antimatter Interaction

More information

Overview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.

Overview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider

More information

Electroweak Physics. Krishna S. Kumar. University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Electroweak Physics. Krishna S. Kumar. University of Massachusetts, Amherst Electroweak Physics Krishna S. Kumar University of Massachusetts, Amherst Acknowledgements: M. Grunewald, C. Horowitz, W. Marciano, C. Quigg, M. Ramsey-Musolf, www.particleadventure.org Electroweak Physics

More information

YANG-MILLS GAUGE INVARIANT THEORY FOR SPACE CURVED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD. Algirdas Antano Maknickas 1. September 3, 2014

YANG-MILLS GAUGE INVARIANT THEORY FOR SPACE CURVED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD. Algirdas Antano Maknickas 1. September 3, 2014 YANG-MILLS GAUGE INVARIANT THEORY FOR SPACE CURVED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD Algirdas Antano Maknickas Institute of Mechanical Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University September 3, 04 Abstract. It

More information

Physics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3)

Physics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3) Physics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, 2014 Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3) n Lagrangian Deductions n Rotations n Parity n Charge Conjugation Gauge Invariance and Charge Conservation The Higgs

More information

Lecture 11. Weak interactions

Lecture 11. Weak interactions Lecture 11 Weak interactions 1962-66: Formula/on of a Unified Electroweak Theory (Glashow, Salam, Weinberg) 4 intermediate spin 1 interaction carriers ( bosons ): the photon (γ) responsible for all electromagnetic

More information

As usual, these notes are intended for use by class participants only, and are not for circulation. Week 7: Lectures 13, 14.

As usual, these notes are intended for use by class participants only, and are not for circulation. Week 7: Lectures 13, 14. As usual, these notes are intended for use by class participants only, and are not for circulation. Week 7: Lectures 13, 14 Majorana spinors March 15, 2012 So far, we have only considered massless, two-component

More information

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions

Introduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions Introduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2010 1 / 22 Outline 1 Gauge theory of weak interactions 2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 3

More information

Standard Model & Beyond

Standard Model & Beyond XI SERC School on Experimental High-Energy Physics National Institute of Science Education and Research 13 th November 2017 Standard Model & Beyond Lecture III Sreerup Raychaudhuri TIFR, Mumbai 2 Fermions

More information

1 Introduction. 1.1 The Standard Model of particle physics The fundamental particles

1 Introduction. 1.1 The Standard Model of particle physics The fundamental particles 1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics. In particular, it gives an overview of the fundamental particles and the relationship

More information

The Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson

The Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson Modern Physics The Why, What, and How? of the Higgs Boson Sean Yeager University of Portland 10 April 2015 Outline Review of the Standard Model Review of Symmetries Symmetries in the Standard Model The

More information

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics: a case of cross fertilization. Giovanni Jona-Lasinio

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics: a case of cross fertilization. Giovanni Jona-Lasinio Spontaneous symmetry breaking in particle physics: a case of cross fertilization Giovanni Jona-Lasinio QUARK MATTER ITALIA, 22-24 aprile 2009 1 / 38 Spontaneous (dynamical) symmetry breaking Figure: Elastic

More information

Quantum Field Theory I Examination questions will be composed from those below and from questions in the textbook and previous exams

Quantum Field Theory I Examination questions will be composed from those below and from questions in the textbook and previous exams Quantum Field Theory I Examination questions will be composed from those below and from questions in the textbook and previous exams III. Quantization of constrained systems and Maxwell s theory 1. The

More information

Particle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo

Particle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo Particle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo Particle Physics Fall 2015 1 Course Overview Lecture 1: Introduction, Decay Rates and Cross Sections Lecture 2: The Dirac Equation and Spin

More information

Contents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition

Contents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Notes xiii xv xvii 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The Origins of Nuclear Physics 1 1.1.2 The Emergence of Particle Physics: the

More information

Isospin. K.K. Gan L5: Isospin and Parity 1

Isospin. K.K. Gan L5: Isospin and Parity 1 Isospin Isospin is a continuous symmetry invented by Heisenberg: Explain the observation that the strong interaction does not distinguish between neutron and proton. Example: the mass difference between

More information

3.3 Lagrangian and symmetries for a spin- 1 2 field

3.3 Lagrangian and symmetries for a spin- 1 2 field 3.3 Lagrangian and symmetries for a spin- 1 2 field The Lagrangian for the free spin- 1 2 field is The corresponding Hamiltonian density is L = ψ(i/ µ m)ψ. (3.31) H = ψ( γ p + m)ψ. (3.32) The Lagrangian

More information

Introduction to gauge theory

Introduction to gauge theory Introduction to gauge theory 2008 High energy lecture 1 장상현 연세대학교 September 24, 2008 장상현 ( 연세대학교 ) Introduction to gauge theory September 24, 2008 1 / 72 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Dirac equation

More information

PHYSICS PARTICLE. An Introductory Course of. Palash B. Pal. CRC Press. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics. Kolkata, India. Taylor &.

PHYSICS PARTICLE. An Introductory Course of. Palash B. Pal. CRC Press. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics. Kolkata, India. Taylor &. An Introductory Course of PARTICLE PHYSICS Palash B. Pal Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata, India W CRC Press Taylor &. Francis Croup Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the &

More information

Particle Physics A short History

Particle Physics A short History Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics Heavily indebted to 1. Steve Lloyd Queen Mary s College, London 2004 2. Robert S. Orr University of Toronto 2007 3. Z. Vilakazi University of Cape Town -2006

More information

THE STANDARD MODEL OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS MISN by Mesgun Sebhatu

THE STANDARD MODEL OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS MISN by Mesgun Sebhatu MISN-0-305 THE STANDARD MODEL OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS RUN 7339 EVENT 1279 + - e E = 50 GeV +270.0-90.0 T e E = 11 GeV T -3.0 +3.0 THE STANDARD MODEL OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES AND

More information

The Standard Model. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories

The Standard Model. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories The Standard Model 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces. Separates particle into categories Bosons (force carriers) Photon, W, Z, gluon, Higgs Fermions (matter particles) 3 generations

More information

Large Hadron Collider

Large Hadron Collider Large Hadron Collider Himadri Barman TSU, JNCASR September 18, 2008 0-0 Large Hadron Collider (LHC): Plan We ll see 4 short videos. In between I ll give you a little guideline. Purpose is to understand

More information

Lecture 02. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part I The Particles

Lecture 02. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part I The Particles Lecture 02 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part I The Particles The Standard Model Describes 3 of the 4 known fundamental forces Separates particles into categories Bosons (force carriers) Photon,

More information

Symmetry Groups conservation law quantum numbers Gauge symmetries local bosons mediate the interaction Group Abelian Product of Groups simple

Symmetry Groups conservation law quantum numbers Gauge symmetries local bosons mediate the interaction Group Abelian Product of Groups simple Symmetry Groups Symmetry plays an essential role in particle theory. If a theory is invariant under transformations by a symmetry group one obtains a conservation law and quantum numbers. For example,

More information

The Standard Model and Beyond

The Standard Model and Beyond Paul Langacker The Standard Model and Beyond CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents Preface xi 1 Notation and Conventions 1 1.1 Problems............................. 5 2 Review of Perturbative

More information

THE STANDARD MODEL AND THE GENERALIZED COVARIANT DERIVATIVE

THE STANDARD MODEL AND THE GENERALIZED COVARIANT DERIVATIVE THE STANDAD MODEL AND THE GENEALIZED COVAIANT DEIVATIVE arxiv:hep-ph/9907480v Jul 999 M. Chaves and H. Morales Escuela de Física, Universidad de Costa ica San José, Costa ica E-mails: mchaves@cariari.ucr.ac.cr,

More information

Gauge Theory of Electro-Weak Interactions. Following slides based among others on

Gauge Theory of Electro-Weak Interactions. Following slides based among others on Gauge Theory of Electro-Weak Interactions Read Appendix D of Book Gauge Theories Following slides based among others on The ideas of particle physics: an introduction to scientists, by Coughlan, Dodd,

More information

Introduction. Read: Ch 1 of M&S

Introduction. Read: Ch 1 of M&S Introduction What questions does this field address? Want to know the basic law of nature. Can we unify all the forces with one equation or one theory? Read: Ch 1 of M&S K.K. Gan L1: Introduction 1 Particle

More information

This means that n or p form a doublet under isospin transformation. Isospin invariance simply means that. [T i, H s ] = 0

This means that n or p form a doublet under isospin transformation. Isospin invariance simply means that. [T i, H s ] = 0 1 QCD 1.1 Quark Model 1. Isospin symmetry In early studies of nuclear reactions, it was found that, to a good approximation, nuclear force is independent of the electromagnetic charge carried by the nucleons

More information

Quantum Electrodynamics and the Higgs Mechanism

Quantum Electrodynamics and the Higgs Mechanism Quantum Electrodynamics and the Higgs Mechanism Jakob Jark Jørgensen 4. januar 009 QED and the Higgs Mechanism INDHOLD Indhold 1 Introduction Quantum Electrodynamics 3.1 Obtaining a Gauge Theory..........................

More information

Hadron Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora

Hadron Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora Hadron Physics & Quantum Chromodynamics Adnan Bashir, IFM, UMSNH, Mexico August 2013 Hermosillo Sonora Hadron Physics & QCD Part 1: First Encounter With Hadrons: Introduction to Mesons & Baryons, The Quark

More information

Week 3: Renormalizable lagrangians and the Standard model lagrangian 1 Reading material from the books

Week 3: Renormalizable lagrangians and the Standard model lagrangian 1 Reading material from the books Week 3: Renormalizable lagrangians and the Standard model lagrangian 1 Reading material from the books Burgess-Moore, Chapter Weiberg, Chapter 5 Donoghue, Golowich, Holstein Chapter 1, 1 Free field Lagrangians

More information

Quantum ChromoDynamics (Nobel Prize 2004) Chris McLauchlin

Quantum ChromoDynamics (Nobel Prize 2004) Chris McLauchlin Quantum ChromoDynamics (Nobel Prize 2004) Chris McLauchlin Outline The Four Fundamental Forces The Strong Force History of the Strong Force What These People Did Experimental Support 1 Fundamental Forces

More information

11 Group Theory and Standard Model

11 Group Theory and Standard Model Physics 129b Lecture 18 Caltech, 03/06/18 11 Group Theory and Standard Model 11.2 Gauge Symmetry Electromagnetic field Before we present the standard model, we need to explain what a gauge symmetry is.

More information

Interactions... + similar terms for µ and τ Feynman rule: gauge-boson propagator: ig 2 2 γ λ(1 γ 5 ) = i(g µν k µ k ν /M 2 W ) k 2 M 2 W

Interactions... + similar terms for µ and τ Feynman rule: gauge-boson propagator: ig 2 2 γ λ(1 γ 5 ) = i(g µν k µ k ν /M 2 W ) k 2 M 2 W Interactions... L W-l = g [ νγµ (1 γ 5 )ew µ + +ēγ µ (1 γ 5 )νwµ ] + similar terms for µ and τ Feynman rule: e λ ig γ λ(1 γ 5 ) ν gauge-boson propagator: W = i(g µν k µ k ν /M W ) k M W. Chris Quigg Electroweak

More information

Fundamental Physics: Quantum Field Theory

Fundamental Physics: Quantum Field Theory Mobolaji Williams (mwilliams@physics.harvard.edu x) First Version: June 1, 216 Fundamental Physics: Quantum Field Theory What is the topic? Quantum field theory refers to the quantum theory of fields in

More information

Lecture 10: Weak Interaction. 1

Lecture 10: Weak Interaction.   1 Lecture 10: Weak Interaction http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/kamon/teaching/phys627/ 1 Standard Model Lagrangian http://pdg.lbl.gov/2017/reviews/rpp2017-rev-standard-model.pdf Standard Model Lagrangian

More information

Introduction to the SM (5)

Introduction to the SM (5) Y. Grossman The SM (5) TES-HEP, July 12, 2015 p. 1 Introduction to the SM (5) Yuval Grossman Cornell Y. Grossman The SM (5) TES-HEP, July 12, 2015 p. 2 Yesterday... Yesterday: Symmetries Today SSB the

More information

SISSA entrance examination (2007)

SISSA entrance examination (2007) SISSA Entrance Examination Theory of Elementary Particles Trieste, 18 July 2007 Four problems are given. You are expected to solve completely two of them. Please, do not try to solve more than two problems;

More information

Weak interactions. Chapter 7

Weak interactions. Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Weak interactions As already discussed, weak interactions are responsible for many processes which involve the transformation of particles from one type to another. Weak interactions cause nuclear

More information

Quark Model. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Note 8 1 / 26

Quark Model. Ling-Fong Li. (Institute) Note 8 1 / 26 Quark Model Ling-Fong Li (Institute) Note 8 1 / 6 QCD Quark Model Isospin symmetry To a good approximation, nuclear force is independent of the electric charge carried by the nucleons charge independence.

More information

Particle physics today. Giulia Zanderighi (CERN & University of Oxford)

Particle physics today. Giulia Zanderighi (CERN & University of Oxford) Particle physics today Giulia Zanderighi (CERN & University of Oxford) Particle Physics Particle Physics is fundamental research, as opposed to many applied sciences (medicine, biology, chemistry, nano-science,

More information

Gauge Theories of the Standard Model

Gauge Theories of the Standard Model Gauge Theories of the Standard Model Professors: Domènec Espriu (50%, coordinador) Jorge Casalderrey (25%) Federico Mescia (25%) Time Schedule: Mon, Tue, Wed: 11:50 13:10 According to our current state

More information

The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics. Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab

The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics. Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab Lecture I: Incarnations of Symmetry Noether s Theorem is as important to us now as the Pythagorean Theorem

More information

A Brief History of Particle Physics

A Brief History of Particle Physics A Brief History of Particle Physics 1930s The known 'Elementary Particles' were : electron proton neutron (inside the nucleus) 'neutrino' (now anti-neutrino) in beta decay photon the quantum of the electromagnetic

More information

Einige interessante Aspekte der in der Zielsetzung genannten Fragestellungen. Appetithappen -> Antworten spaeter in der Vorlesung.

Einige interessante Aspekte der in der Zielsetzung genannten Fragestellungen. Appetithappen -> Antworten spaeter in der Vorlesung. 0. Einführung Einige interessante Aspekte der in der Zielsetzung genannten Fragestellungen. Appetithappen -> Antworten spaeter in der Vorlesung. Folien auf Englisch (aus anderer Vorlesung ausgeliehen)

More information

OUTLINE. CHARGED LEPTONIC WEAK INTERACTION - Decay of the Muon - Decay of the Neutron - Decay of the Pion

OUTLINE. CHARGED LEPTONIC WEAK INTERACTION - Decay of the Muon - Decay of the Neutron - Decay of the Pion Weak Interactions OUTLINE CHARGED LEPTONIC WEAK INTERACTION - Decay of the Muon - Decay of the Neutron - Decay of the Pion CHARGED WEAK INTERACTIONS OF QUARKS - Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism - Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

More information

Particle Physics. Tommy Ohlsson. Theoretical Particle Physics, Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

Particle Physics. Tommy Ohlsson. Theoretical Particle Physics, Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Particle Physics Tommy Ohlsson Theoretical Particle Physics, Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden International Baccalaureate T. Ohlsson (KTH) Particle Physics 1/

More information

FYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics. Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction

FYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics. Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction FYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition Professor Brian Martin ISBN: 978-0-470-74275-4

More information

November 24, Scalar Dark Matter from Grand Unified Theories. T. Daniel Brennan. Standard Model. Dark Matter. GUTs. Babu- Mohapatra Model

November 24, Scalar Dark Matter from Grand Unified Theories. T. Daniel Brennan. Standard Model. Dark Matter. GUTs. Babu- Mohapatra Model Scalar from November 24, 2014 1 2 3 4 5 What is the? Gauge theory that explains strong weak, and electromagnetic forces SU(3) C SU(2) W U(1) Y Each generation (3) has 2 quark flavors (each comes in one

More information

Experimental Tests of the Standard Model. Precision Tests of the Standard Model

Experimental Tests of the Standard Model. Precision Tests of the Standard Model Experimental Tests of the Standard Model Precision Tests of the Standard Model - History of EW theory - Discovery of the Z and W Boson by the UA1/UA2 experiments (1983) - Precision tests of the Z sector

More information

Quantum Numbers. Elementary Particles Properties. F. Di Lodovico c 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F.

Quantum Numbers. Elementary Particles Properties. F. Di Lodovico c 1 EPP, SPA6306. Queen Mary University of London. Quantum Numbers. F. Elementary Properties 1 1 School of Physics and Astrophysics Queen Mary University of London EPP, SPA6306 Outline Most stable sub-atomic particles are the proton, neutron (nucleons) and electron. Study

More information

Outline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification

Outline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification Weak Interactions Outline Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction Decay of the Muon Decay of the Neutron Decay of the Pion Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa

More information

2.4 Parity transformation

2.4 Parity transformation 2.4 Parity transformation An extremely simple group is one that has only two elements: {e, P }. Obviously, P 1 = P, so P 2 = e, with e represented by the unit n n matrix in an n- dimensional representation.

More information

The Standard Model (part I)

The Standard Model (part I) The Standard Model (part I) Speaker Jens Kunstmann Student of Physics in 5 th year at Greifswald University, Germany Location Sommerakademie der Studienstiftung, Kreisau 2002 Topics Introduction The fundamental

More information