Energy Flow in Technological Systems. December 01, 2014

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1 Energy Flow in Technological Systems

2 Scientific Notation (Exponents) Scientific notation is used when we are dealing with very large or very small numbers. A number placed in scientific notation is made up of two parts a) The first part is a number between 1.00 and 10.0 b) The second part is x 10 w where w is the number places the decimal point was moved in order to write the number in scientific notation; to the right is negative (small number), positive is to the left (large number) Ex: 3456 can be written as can be written as

3 Significant Digits Rule to determine the amount of significant digits in a number Find the first nonzero number. All numbers to the right of that number including that number, including zeros, are also significant. WHEN MULTIPLYING OR DIVIDING ALWAYS ROUND TO THE FEWEST SIGNIFICANT DIGITS FOUND IN THE CALCULATION!

4 Conversions A conversion is an expression of a number in a different unit. We are very aware that 1 dozen objects represents 12 objects, or km equals 1000 meters. We will be using the method of multiplication in order to obtain the equivalences. We will always be multiplying by the equivalent of the number one (1). Ex 1: Convert km to m. Ex 2: Convert 3.00 hours to minutes.

5 Ex 3: Convert 7654 sec to minutes. Ex 4: Convert 200 km/h to m/s.

6 Ex 5 Convert 13.8 m/s to km/h.

7 A simpler and faster method of converting - m/s to km/h is mutliply by km/h to m/s is divide by 3.6

8 Motion The changing position of an object relative to a reference point. Uniform Motion An object is moving a constant rate.

9 Average Speed Uniform motion that involves traveling a distance in a specified time. average speed = distance travelled time elapsed V = d t Rearranging it:

10 Steps for solving problems. 1. Write down your variables. 2. Write down the appropriate formula (rearrange if necessary). 3. Substitute the numbers (including units) into the formula. 4. Make sure that the answer has appropriate units and number significant digits.

11 A person walks 10.0m away from a stop sign in 5.00s. What is the average speed of the person?

12 Graphs Important information to consider when drawing (plotting) a graph. 1. Labels (Title, x axis and y axis including units for both). 2. Equal increments along the x and y sides. The increments along the x axis need not be the same as those along the y axis. 3. If it is a linear relationship, a line of best fit must be drawn.

13 Graph this data

14 Distance vs Time Graph The slope tells us the speed. The steeper the slope the faster the average speed. If a line is flat, it means that the person is traveling at a constant rate.

15 D B C E A Describe the motion between: A to B B to C C to D D to E

16 Slope The steepness (slope) of a distance-time graph represents the average speed of each person. Definition of Slope: It represents the steepness of the line. The steeper the line, the greater is its slope. A graph is always read from left to right as you would a book. Slope = Rise Run or y 2 - y 1 x 2 -x 1

17 Calculate the slope of the following: F B C A D E A to B B to C C to D D to E E to F

18 Speed vs Time Graph

19 Speed vs Time graph If slope is positive the speed is increasing If slope is negative the speed is decreasing If slope is 0 the speed is constant/uniform. The area under the graph is the distance travelled.

20 Describe the speed between each point.

21 How much further did the person travel between points D and E compared to A and B?

22 Page # 128 #1,2,3 Page # 120 # 4 Page 133 #5 Page 135 #1,2,4,5,6

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