Minimum Losses Point Tracking and Minimum Current Point Tracking in Interior PMSMs

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Minimum Losses Point Tracking and Minimum Current Point Tracking in Interior PMSMs"

Transcription

1 Minimum Losses Point Tracking and Minimum Current Point Tracking in Interior Pablo Moreno-Torres, Jorge Torres, Marcos Lafoz CIEMAT c/ Julián Camarillo, 30 Madrid, SPAIN Tel.: +34 / pablo.moreno-torres@ciemat.es URL: Miguel Yeguas, Jaime R. Arribas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2 Madrid, SPAIN Tel.: +34 / jaime.rodriguez@upm.es URL: Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by the Comunidad de Madrid, which contributed to it through the SEGVAUTO-TRIES-CM Program (S2013/MIT-2713). Keywords «Variable speed drive», «Permanent magnet motor», «Motion control», «Efficiency». Abstract Advanced control strategies for efficiency optimization in interior are usually model-based, potentially providing very accurate results and good performance at the cost of parameter dependency and the associated drawbacks. Search-based methods, on the contrary, perform more modestly but depend neither on models nor on parameters. This paper compares both approaches in terms of steadystate efficiency. 1. Introduction. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines () are becoming the standard in high performance electrical drives due to their power density and their high energy efficiency. Interior (I) provide even higher performance, since they add a reluctance torque component to the main synchronous torque component that further increases power density and efficiency. The conventional control strategy for this type of machine is based on its Maximum Torque Per Ampere (MTPA) trajectory, which minimizes copper losses but neglects iron losses [1, 2]. As copper losses are predominant for many drives, and given that the optimum operating point from the copper losses point of view is usually close in the id-iq plane to the optimum operating point from the total losses point of view, MTPA control strategies are sufficient in most cases. Recently, advanced control strategies have been proposed to account for iron losses as well. These advanced strategies, which are based in models of the machine, have received different names, such as Maximum Efficiency Control [3], Maximum Efficiency Per Ampere [4], Optimal Efficiency [5] or Loss Minimization [6, 7], to give a few examples. All these proposals attempt to optimize the efficiency of the whole drive by including iron losses in one way or another. The common characteristic among all these methods is their dependence on motor parameters and specific power loss equations. Before MTPA control strategies were developed for I, some researchers had proposed empirical search methods to optimize the efficiency of these machines [8]. All these search methods (also known as physics-based methods, in contrast to model-based methods [7]) search for the operating point corresponding to the minimum input power in steady state. This is done by iterating a control variable such as the d-axis current. The main advantage of search methods is that they are independent of motor models or parameters, but they suffer from slow real-time convergence and may not be suitable for drives with fast dynamic torque demands [7]. Torque ripple and motor stress can also be an issue. EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.1

2 In the last two decades, model-based methods have relegated search methods to the background, to the point that it is difficult to find updated comparisons. The aim of this paper is precisely to help fill this gap. In this work, four different control strategies are considered: a conventional MTPA control, an upgraded Maximum Efficiency (ME) control, and two search-based controls, one that uses the drive input power and another that uses the machine input current. All four strategies have been implemented in a 3 kw 1500 rpm IPMSM and laboratory tests have been performed to confirm whether search algorithms are definitely inferior or not in terms of steady-state energy efficiency. 2. Power Losses in Interior-. Consider a conventional electrical drive comprising a DC-link, an inverter and an IPMSM, such as that in Figure 1. Power losses within such a system will include: copper losses in the stator winding of the machine, iron losses in both the stator and rotor magnetic laminations, eddy current losses in the permanent magnets, mechanical losses (bearings and windage), static losses in the power semiconductors (both conduction losses and blocking losses) and switching losses in the power semiconductors. Besides, other power consumptions such as those corresponding to the control system or the cooling system could arguably be included as losses, since they affect the overall energy transformation (from electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa). Figure 1. Electrical drive considered in this work. Of the aforementioned losses, only a few are controllable (i.e., they vary with the current vector components and ), and thus only a few can be optimized. These include copper, iron and magnet losses in the machine, and indirectly power electronics losses as well. Depending on machine size and its characteristics, some losses will be predominant over the rest. For small machines and for low speed machines, copper losses are majority, while magnets losses are always the lowest and hence they are usually neglected [9, 10]. From this point forward, this paper will focus on copper and iron losses only Stator winding losses. Copper losses are usually calculated in a simple and optimistic way: = (1) with =3 the number of phases, the DC resistance of the winding (which increases with temperature) and the fundamental RMS current. However, copper losses are affected by three complex phenomena: skin effect, proximity effect and current harmonics. The first two increase the AC resistance of the winding, especially at high frequencies, while the latter implies that not only the fundamental current is responsible for losses. Thus, equation (1) can be generalized as follows: EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.2

3 =, (2) where, is the AC resistance corresponding to the nth current harmonic, and is the RMS of that harmonic. Copper losses can be optimized because, for a given operating point (torque-speed), there is one current vector that can provide the required torque with minimum current, and therefore with minimum copper losses Iron losses. Iron losses include all those power losses that take place in the magnetic circuit of the machine: hysteresis losses, eddy current losses and excess losses. Many iron losses models can be found in the literature, which can be confusing as sometimes they are not easy to compare. Basically, there are two approaches to estimate iron losses in electrical machines: Steinmetz equation models (including loss separation models), and mathematical hysteresis models [11]. The former are simpler and require less parameters and knowledge of the material, while the latter are more accurate. One model belonging to the first approach is the following [12]: = + + = (3) where is the frequency and is the maximum amplitude of the magnetic flux density. The loss coefficients, and are usually calculated from the loss curves provided by the manufacturer, such as those in Figure 2. Figure 2. Iron loss as a function of flux density and frequency for material M600-50A. As shown by equation (3), iron losses strongly depend on the frequency and therefore on the speed of the machine. They also depend on the flux amplitude, which is the reason why they can be optimized: for a given operating point (torque-speed), there is one current vector that can provide the required torque with minimum iron losses. Notice that field harmonics generate iron losses as well. Consequently, iron losses also depend on the modulation technique (current hysteresis band, PWM, SVM, DTC ) and their corresponding parameters (band width, DC-link voltage, switching frequency ), since these factors define the harmonic content of the current and hence they affect field harmonics. 3. MTPA Trajectory and Maximum Efficiency (ME) Trajectory in I. For a given operating point (torque and speed), there is a current vector that minimizes copper losses (the one given by the MTPA trajectory, as described next), another current vector that minimizes EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.3

4 iron losses, and also a current vector that minimizes the sum of copper and iron losses [6]. Those current vectors that minimize copper losses (that minimize current) belong to the MTPA trajectory, which is depicted in Figure 3(a) for the 3 kw 1500 rpm IPMSM used in this work. Analogously, those current vectors that minimize copper and iron losses at the same time belong to the so-called maximum efficiency (ME) trajectories, as shown in Figure 3(b) for the same machine. Notice that the ME curve for zero speed is the MTPA when field harmonics are not considered, since no iron losses take place. (a) Figure 3. MTPA and ME trajectories for a 3 kw 1500 rpm IPMSM. (b) Figure 3(b) suggests that the difference between the MTPA curve and the ME curves is noticeable in terms of current space vector, especially at higher speeds. However, in terms of energy efficiency, those differences are negligible for many machines, included the one studied in this work. To illustrate this fact, two set of laboratory tests were performed at constant speed of 500 and 1400 rpm, respectively. During these tests, the load was kept constant at 50%, and different current space vectors were used to provide the required torque. By measuring the current demanded by the IPMSM and the power consumed by the whole drive, the curves depicted in Figure 4 were derived. P [W] P [W] I q [p.u.] I q [p.u.] (a) Figure 4. Power consumption at 50% load as a function of ( -vs-power curve). Figure 4(a) shows the power consumed by the drive at 500 rpm and 50% load as a function of. As can be seen, the operating point that minimizes power consumption is located at the left of the MTPA operating point (it benefits from further flux weakening). However, in absolute terms, the difference in power consumption is negligible. Actually, the range that optimizes energy efficiency is quite wide in practice, from -1.3 to -1.7 A for this specific operating point. Figure 4(b) contains the same information but in relative terms (0 power is assigned to the ME point), both for 500 and 1400 rpm. Notice that the ME point at higher speed is placed at the left of the one at lower speed, probably (b) EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.4

5 due to higher iron losses. Again, even at 1400 rpm the power difference between the MTPA and the ME operating points is negligible for this particular machine. 4. Minimum Losses Point Tracking (MLPT): concept, implementation and experimental results. Empiric and online tracking of the optimum steady-state operating point is not a new concept in electrical engineering. Maximum Power Point Tracking is a well-known control strategy in photovoltaic applications to maximize power output. In electrical machines, Minimum Power Point Tracking techniques were developed for induction machines first [13], and later for as well [8]. However, since MTPA-based control strategies were developed for I, it seems that search methods such as the Minimum Losses Point Tracking (MLPT) described in this section have lost interest. The core concept behind loss minimization search for I is to perturb one of the two available control variables (d-axis or q-axis current references, id* or iq*), wait for enough time for the drive to pass the subsequent transient, and see whether the perturbation increases or decreases the total power input of the drive, which must be measured. After this, the last two steady state operating points are compared to decide the direction of the next perturbation. The logic is very simple: if the previous perturbation has reduced the power, then the next perturbation is taken in the same direction; otherwise, the direction is reversed. Figure 5 illustrates this concept by showing different alternatives for the same working point (torque-speed), one of them being the conventional MTPA and another one the ME, which consumes less power. Of course, further considerations are needed to account for flux weakening above rated speed. Figure 5. MLPT operating principle. Practical implementation becomes trickiest due to the following reasons. Firstly and more importantly, the difference in term of power between the MTPA point and the ME point is usually negligible, as shown in Figure 4. Secondly, if the perturbation is large, then it is easier to distinguish between operating points, but the average power consumed by the drive is higher. However, if the perturbation is small, distinguishing becomes harder and the algorithm takes much more time to converge or to evolve between steady states. A compromise must be reached, and a satisfactory one is not always possible. Thirdly, the quality of the power measure can greatly influence the decision making of the algorithm, thus affecting its performance. Special care has to be put in the power measurement filtering and signal conditioning to avoid worsening this issue. Finally, stepwise current changes are not recommended in practice due to its consequences: torque steps and motor stress. Some solutions have been proposed in this sense, such as the use of continuous ramps to make the system work smoothly [8]. Next, the laboratory test bench will be briefly described. For a more detailed description, the reader is referred to [14, 15]. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the system (load not included). To provide constant resistive torque, a 5 kva Synchronous Machine (SM) and a resistive load were used. Modulation technique for the IPMSM was hysteresis band current control with constant DC-link voltage EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.5

6 (530 V DC ) and with average switching frequency ranging from 1 to 4 khz. PI-based back-emf compensation was implemented, as shown in the control scheme depicted in Figure 6. Figure 6. Control scheme corresponding to the MTPA strategy. Regarding current references, was chosen by the search algorithm (MLPT/MCPT) while was calculated by means of a PID controller whose purpose was to keep speed constant. All tests were performed in a narrow temperature range (ambient at 21 C±1 C) and in thermal steady-state. Conventional Hall-effect voltage and current sensors were used to measure the power/current used by the MLPT/MCPT algorithms, respectively. However, a high precision digital power meter (Yokogawa WT1600) was used to measure the power consumed by each control strategy for comparison purposes. Figure 7(a) contains the control scheme implemented in the DSP, while Figure 7(b) shows a picture of the test bench during one of the tests. (a) Figure 7. (a) MLPT control scheme. (b) Laboratory test bench. (b) Figure 8 shows experimental results of the MLPT algorithm. The starting point for the test is steady-state at 1400 rpm and 50% load under MTPA operation (, = A). At t=0 the search algorithm is enabled. Decisions are made every 4 seconds and current ramps of = ±0.2A are used, as shown in Figure 8(c). The graph on the left shows the speed of the drive. As expected, the search method causes an increase in speed ripple, even when ramps are used instead of steps. Figure 8(b) contains the evolution of during 200 seconds. In average, the MLPT algorithm operates the drive with higher flux weakening than the MTPA strategy (, = A). Speed [rpm] I d [A] I d [A] Figure 8. MLPT in steady state at 1400 rpm and 50% load: (a) speed, (b), (c) (detail). EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.6

7 5. Minimum Current Point Tracking (MCPT): concept, implementation and experimental results. The operating principle of the MCPT algorithm is similar to that of the MLPT. The main difference is that phase current (RMS) is used as input for the search algorithm instead of power [16]. As this current measurement is usually cleaner and less noisy, the algorithm decision-making is much more regular, and follows a constant pattern, as shown in Figure 9(b). For comparison purposes, the same intervals and ramps were used in both MLPT and MCPT. Speed [rpm] I d [A] I d [A] Figure 9. MCPT in steady state at 1400 rpm and 50% load: (a) speed, (b), (c) (detail). The results show that the MCPT algorithm operates around the corresponding MTPA point (, = A), which is what it is expected to do. When comparing MLPT and MCPT power consumption, the following values were measured: Table I: Power measurements corresponding to the tests from Figure 8 and Figure 9. MLPT (Fig. 7) MCPT (Fig. 8) As measured by the DSP (for making decisions) As measured by the digital power meter (for comparison) Power delivered to the load (for consistency) 1572 W W 1097 W 1575 W W 1097 W So according to the DSP measurement (conventional sensors), the MLPT algorithm consumes less power in average that the MCPT algorithm in this particular case. This makes sense, as the former is minimizing that specific power measurement while the latter is minimizing phase current. However, when comparing both tests with a high-precision high-quality measurement, we found that the MLPT algorithm was actually using an average of 1.3 W extra power compared to the MCPT algorithm. This result illustrates how the MLPT is not well suited to optimize energy efficiency in practice, when conventional voltage and current sensors are used to measure the power consumed by the drive. Due to the shape of the -vs-power curve (Figure 4), which implies that small variations of around the optimum value imply negligible power increases, power optimization for this machine only makes sense when a high-quality power measurement is available. And of course, providing such a measurement is absurd to reduce power losses in 2 W at most. 6. MTPA, ME, MLPT and MCPT comparison in steady-state. In this section, results of power consumed in steady-state are given for a 50% load and for two different speeds, both of them below rated speed (1500 rpm). EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.7

8 Table II: Control strategy comparison in terms of power consumption. Power 500 rpm Power 1400 rpm MTPA ME MLPT MCPT Note: Power values are calculated as the average of up to 5 equivalent tests. For the sake of clarity, the same results are shown in Figure 10 in relative terms (0 power is assigned to the ME point). As depicted in that figure, search methods perform worse than model-based methods in terms of energy efficiency, although it is also true that power differences are very low in general: less than 5 W of maximum difference at 1400 rpm, when total power is around 1570 W (0.3%). Hence, in this particular case control strategy should be chosen based on other criteria rather than energy efficiency. It is also worth noting that MCPT reaches better performance than MLPT in average, at least with the particular implementation used in this work. But again, power differences are very small both in absolute and relative terms. Consequently, drawing any conclusions regarding energy efficiency based only on these results seems hasty. What is clear is that MCPT does not necessarily imply worse energy efficiency than MLPT in this machine, and given its other advantages (higher repeatability, no need of extra sensors or hardware modifications) it should be considered at the preferred search-based method for this particular IPMSM. 5 Power comparison MLPT 4 MLPT MCPT P [W] 3 2 MCPT 1 MTPA MTPA 0 500rpm 1400rpm Figure 10. Power consumed by each control strategy with respect to ME. 7. Conclusion Despite their potential advantages, search methods (MLPT, MCPT) have generally worse performance than model-based methods (MTPA, ME), at least in moderate-power low-speed I such as the one used in this work. In practice, the advantages of the former are negligible (parameter independency) or lost due to practical limitations (higher energy efficiency), while their drawbacks become very relevant and difficult to alleviate. Search methods only make sense in steady-state, and they will always produce more torque/speed ripple than model-based control strategies. Considering that they offer very little improvement in other aspects, they result unattractive in most applications. For the particular IPMSM used in this work, power optimization (ME, MLPT) yields negligible increased benefit with respect to current minimization (MTPA, MCPT) in terms of energy efficiency. This is due to the small size (3 kw) and the relatively low speed (1500 rpm) of the machine under study. Consequently, it is the authors opinion that MTPA should be the weapon of choice for this particular drive. Higher speeds would probably increase the benefits of a ME strategy, although the influence of field harmonics on iron losses would have to be considered before reaching any conclusion. EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.8

9 Finally, if a search method was preferred for any reason, the results included in this paper suggest that it is better to work with current minimization (MCPT) rather than power (MLPT), at least for this particular machine. MCPT does not require extra sensors and it has higher repeatability, which in practice means that it usually reaches higher energy efficiency than MLPT when both search algorithms are implemented in the way described in this paper. In this sense, additional research is needed, with different I and different implementations of both search methods, to further clarify this point. References [1] G. Gallegos-Lopez, F. S. Gunawan, and J. E. Walters, "Optimum torque control of permanent-magnet AC Machines in the field-weakened region," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, pp , [2] J. Yu-Seok, S. Seung-Ki, S. Hiti, and K. M. Rahman, "Online Minimum-Copper-Loss Control of an Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine for Automotive Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 42, pp , [3] J. B. Adawey, S. Yamamoto, T. Kano, and T. Ara, "Maximum efficiency drives of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor considering iron loss and cross-magnetic saturation," in International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) 2009, pp [4] N. Ronggang, X. Dianguo, W. Gaolin, D. Li, Z. Guoqiang, and Q. Lizhi, "Maximum Efficiency Per Ampere Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, pp , [5] C. Mademlis, I. Kioskeridis, and N. Margaris, "Optimal efficiency control strategy for interior permanentmagnet synchronous motor drives," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 19, pp , [6] S. Morimoto, Y. Tong, Y. Takeda, and T. Hirasa, "Loss minimization control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 41, pp , [7] X. Wei and R. D. Lorenz, "Dynamic Loss Minimization Using Improved Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control for Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, pp , [8] S. Vaez, V. I. John, and M. A. Rahman, "An on-line loss minimization controller for interior permanent magnet motor drives," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 14, pp , [9] A. Fukuma, S. Kanazawa, D. Miyagi, and N. Takahashi, "Investigation of AC loss of permanent magnet of SPM motor considering hysteresis and eddy-current losses," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 41, pp , [10] R. Dutta, L. Chong, and F. M. Rahman, "Analysis and experimental verification of losses in a concentrated wound interior permanent magnet machine," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 48, pp , [11] A. Krings and J. Soulard, "Overview and Comparison of Iron Loss Models for Electrical Machines," KTH Royal Institute of Technology, [12] D. Lin, P. Zhou, W. N. Fu, Z. Badics, and Z. J. Cendes, "A dynamic core loss model for soft ferromagnetic and power ferrite materials in transient finite element analysis," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 40, pp , [13] S. K. Sul and M. H. Park, "A novel technique for optimal efficiency control of a current-source inverter-fed induction motor," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 3, pp , [14] P. Moreno-Torres, M. Blanco, M. Lafoz, and J. Arribas, "Educational Project for the Teaching of Control of Electric Traction Drives," Energies, vol. 8, p. 921, [15] P. Moreno-Torres, "Analysis and Design Considerations of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain regarding Energy Efficiency and Magnetic Field Exposure," PhD dissertation in Electrical Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, [16] P. Moreno-Torres, J. R. Arribas, M. Lafoz, and M. Blanco, "Método y sistema para optimizar la corriente consumida por un accionamiento eléctrico con un motor síncrono," Spain Patent Application, application number P , February EPE'16 ECCE Europe ISBN: and CFP16850-USB P.9

Parameter Prediction and Modelling Methods for Traction Motor of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Parameter Prediction and Modelling Methods for Traction Motor of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Page 359 World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 3 - ISSN 232-6653 - 29 AVERE Parameter Prediction and Modelling Methods for Traction Motor of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Tao Sun, Soon-O Kwon, Geun-Ho Lee, Jung-Pyo

More information

Third harmonic current injection into highly saturated multi-phase machines

Third harmonic current injection into highly saturated multi-phase machines ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL. 66(1), pp. 179-187 (017) DOI 10.1515/aee-017-001 Third harmonic current injection into highly saturated multi-phase machines FELIX KLUTE, TORBEN JONSKY Ostermeyerstraße

More information

970 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2012

970 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2012 970 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2012 Control Method Suitable for Direct-Torque-Control-Based Motor Drive System Satisfying Voltage and Current Limitations Yukinori

More information

Accurate Joule Loss Estimation for Rotating Machines: An Engineering Approach

Accurate Joule Loss Estimation for Rotating Machines: An Engineering Approach Accurate Joule Loss Estimation for Rotating Machines: An Engineering Approach Adeeb Ahmed Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA aahmed4@ncsu.edu

More information

Lecture 7: Synchronous Motor Drives

Lecture 7: Synchronous Motor Drives 1 / 46 Lecture 7: Synchronous Motor Drives ELEC-E8402 Control of Electric Drives and Power Converters (5 ECTS) Marko Hinkkanen Spring 2017 2 / 46 Learning Outcomes After this lecture and exercises you

More information

Direct Flux Vector Control Of Induction Motor Drives With Maximum Efficiency Per Torque

Direct Flux Vector Control Of Induction Motor Drives With Maximum Efficiency Per Torque Direct Flux Vector Control Of Induction Motor Drives With Maximum Efficiency Per Torque S. Rajesh Babu 1, S. Sridhar 2 1 PG Scholar, Dept. Of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, JNTUACEA, Anantapuramu,

More information

ISSN: (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

ISSN: (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies ISSN: 2321-7782 (Online) Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies Research Article / Paper / Case Study Available online at:

More information

Analytical Model for Sizing the Magnets of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Analytical Model for Sizing the Magnets of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Journal of Electrical Engineering 3 (2015) 134-141 doi: 10.17265/2328-2223/2015.03.004 D DAVID PUBLISHING Analytical Model for Sizing Magnets of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines George Todorov and

More information

Impact of the Motor Magnetic Model on Direct Flux Vector Control of Interior PM Motors

Impact of the Motor Magnetic Model on Direct Flux Vector Control of Interior PM Motors Impact of the Motor Magnetic Model on Direct Flux Vector Control of Interior PM Motors Gianmario Pellegrino, Radu Bojoi, Paolo Guglielmi Politecnico di Torino, Italy (gianmario.pellegrino,radu.bojoi,paolo.guglielmi)@polito.it

More information

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. Copyright IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. Copyright IEEE. Title Loss analysis of permanent magnet hybrid brushless machines with and without HTS field windings Author(s) Liu, C; Chau, KT; Li, W Citation The 21st International Conference on Magnet Technology,

More information

3 d Calculate the product of the motor constant and the pole flux KΦ in this operating point. 2 e Calculate the torque.

3 d Calculate the product of the motor constant and the pole flux KΦ in this operating point. 2 e Calculate the torque. Exam Electrical Machines and Drives (ET4117) 11 November 011 from 14.00 to 17.00. This exam consists of 5 problems on 4 pages. Page 5 can be used to answer problem 4 question b. The number before a question

More information

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 1 A.PANDIAN, 2 Dr.R.DHANASEKARAN 1 Associate Professor., Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Angel College of

More information

Three phase induction motor using direct torque control by Matlab Simulink

Three phase induction motor using direct torque control by Matlab Simulink Three phase induction motor using direct torque control by Matlab Simulink Arun Kumar Yadav 1, Dr. Vinod Kumar Singh 2 1 Reaserch Scholor SVU Gajraula Amroha, U.P. 2 Assistant professor ABSTRACT Induction

More information

Dynamic Modeling of Surface Mounted Permanent Synchronous Motor for Servo motor application

Dynamic Modeling of Surface Mounted Permanent Synchronous Motor for Servo motor application 797 Dynamic Modeling of Surface Mounted Permanent Synchronous Motor for Servo motor application Ritu Tak 1, Sudhir Y Kumar 2, B.S.Rajpurohit 3 1,2 Electrical Engineering, Mody University of Science & Technology,

More information

Motor Management of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

Motor Management of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Motor Management of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Anton Haumer Christian Kral AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Giefinggasse 2, 1210 Vienna, Austria a.haumer@haumer.at christian.kral@ait.ac.at

More information

Improved efficiency of a fan drive system without using an encoder or current sensors

Improved efficiency of a fan drive system without using an encoder or current sensors Improved efficiency of a fan drive system without using an encoder or current sensors Tian-Hua Liu, Jyun-Jie Huang Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science Technology,

More information

STAR-CCM+ and SPEED for electric machine cooling analysis

STAR-CCM+ and SPEED for electric machine cooling analysis STAR-CCM+ and SPEED for electric machine cooling analysis Dr. Markus Anders, Dr. Stefan Holst, CD-adapco Abstract: This paper shows how two well established software programs can be used to determine the

More information

EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF LAMINATION MATERIAL CASE OF SWITCHING FLUX SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH HYBRID EXCITATION

EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF LAMINATION MATERIAL CASE OF SWITCHING FLUX SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH HYBRID EXCITATION EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF LAMINATION MATERIAL CASE OF SWITCHING FLUX SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE WITH HYBRID EXCITATION Emmanuel Hoang, Sami Hlioui, Michel Lécrivain, Mohamed Gabsi To cite this version: Emmanuel

More information

AC Induction Motor Stator Resistance Estimation Algorithm

AC Induction Motor Stator Resistance Estimation Algorithm 7th WSEAS International Conference on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Venice, Italy, November 21-23, 27 86 AC Induction Motor Stator Resistance Estimation Algorithm PETR BLAHA

More information

TODAY, a particular emphasis is given to the environmental

TODAY, a particular emphasis is given to the environmental IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 52, NO. 4, AUGUST 2005 1153 Efficiency Enhancement of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives by Online Loss Minimization Approaches Calogero Cavallaro,

More information

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electric Machines

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Electric Machines Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.685 Electric Machines Problem Set 10 Issued November 11, 2013 Due November 20, 2013 Problem 1: Permanent

More information

PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN OF FOUR PHASE LOW POWER SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE AIMED TO THE MAXIMUM TORQUE PRODUCTION

PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN OF FOUR PHASE LOW POWER SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE AIMED TO THE MAXIMUM TORQUE PRODUCTION Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 55, NO. 5-6, 24, 138 143 PRINCIPLE OF DESIGN OF FOUR PHASE LOW POWER SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE AIMED TO THE MAXIMUM TORQUE PRODUCTION Martin Lipták This paper

More information

Sensorless Control for High-Speed BLDC Motors With Low Inductance and Nonideal Back EMF

Sensorless Control for High-Speed BLDC Motors With Low Inductance and Nonideal Back EMF Sensorless Control for High-Speed BLDC Motors With Low Inductance and Nonideal Back EMF P.Suganya Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Bharathiyar Institute of Engineering for Women Salem (DT). Abstract

More information

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development SIMULATION OF FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development SIMULATION OF FIELD ORIENTED CONTROL OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR Scientific Journal of Impact Factor(SJIF): 3.134 e-issn(o): 2348-4470 p-issn(p): 2348-6406 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 2,Issue 4, April -2015 SIMULATION

More information

A Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor with Variable Hysteresis Band

A Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor with Variable Hysteresis Band UKSim 2009: th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation A Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor with Variable Hysteresis Band Kanungo Barada Mohanty Electrical Engineering Department,

More information

Water-Cooled Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Motor Design in Consideration of its Efficiency and Structural Strength

Water-Cooled Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Motor Design in Consideration of its Efficiency and Structural Strength Journal of Magnetics 18(2), 125-129 (2013) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2013.18.2.125 Water-Cooled Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Motor Design in Consideration

More information

Loss Minimization Design Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuit for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Loss Minimization Design Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuit for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Loss Minimization Design Using Magnetic Equivalent Circuit for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Daisuke Sato Department of Electrical Engineering Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka, Niigata,

More information

A High Performance DTC Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization Using duty ratio control for SRM Drive

A High Performance DTC Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization Using duty ratio control for SRM Drive A High Performance DTC Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization Using duty ratio control for SRM Drive Veena P & Jeyabharath R 1, Rajaram M 2, S.N.Sivanandam 3 K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode-637

More information

Study and Characterization of the Limiting Thermal Phenomena in Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy

Study and Characterization of the Limiting Thermal Phenomena in Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy 1 Study and Characterization of the Limiting Thermal Phenomena in Low-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Wind Energy Mariana Cavique, Student, DEEC/AC Energia, João F.P. Fernandes, LAETA/IDMEC,

More information

Dr. N. Senthilnathan (HOD) G. Sabaresh (PG Scholar) Kongu Engineering College-Perundurai Dept. of EEE

Dr. N. Senthilnathan (HOD) G. Sabaresh (PG Scholar) Kongu Engineering College-Perundurai Dept. of EEE Design and Optimization of 4.8kW Permanent MagNet Brushless Alternator for Automobile G. Sabaresh (PG Scholar) Kongu Engineering College-Perundurai Dept. of EEE sabareshgs@gmail.com 45 Dr. N. Senthilnathan

More information

Comparisons of direct and adaptative optimal controls for interior permanent magnet synchronous integrated starter generator

Comparisons of direct and adaptative optimal controls for interior permanent magnet synchronous integrated starter generator Comparisons of direct and adaptative optimal controls for interior permanent magnet synchronous integrated starter generator L. Chédot Valeo Electrical System 2, rue A. Boulle / BP15 9417 Créteil Cedex

More information

Robust Non-Linear Direct Torque and Flux Control of Adjustable Speed Sensorless PMSM Drive Based on SVM Using a PI Predictive Controller

Robust Non-Linear Direct Torque and Flux Control of Adjustable Speed Sensorless PMSM Drive Based on SVM Using a PI Predictive Controller Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 3 (1) (2010) 168-175 Research Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Technology Review www.jestr.org Robust Non-Linear Direct Torque and Flux Control

More information

Sensorless DTC-SVM of Induction Motor by Applying Two Neural Controllers

Sensorless DTC-SVM of Induction Motor by Applying Two Neural Controllers Sensorless DTC-SVM of Induction Motor by Applying Two Neural Controllers Abdallah Farahat Mahmoud Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Qena, Egypt engabdallah2012@azhar.edu.eg Adel S.

More information

Hybrid Excited Vernier Machines with All Excitation Sources on the Stator for Electric Vehicles

Hybrid Excited Vernier Machines with All Excitation Sources on the Stator for Electric Vehicles Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 6, 113 123, 16 Hybrid Excited Vernier Machines with All Excitation Sources on the Stator for Electric Vehicles Liang Xu, Guohai Liu, Wenxiang Zhao *, and Jinghua

More information

Novel DTC-SVM for an Adjustable Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive

Novel DTC-SVM for an Adjustable Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Novel DTC-SVM for an Adjustable Speed Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Nazeer Ahammad S1, Sadik Ahamad Khan2, Ravi Kumar Reddy P3, Prasanthi M4 1*Pursuing M.Tech in the field of Power Electronics 2*Working

More information

Performance analysis of variable speed multiphase induction motor with pole phase modulation

Performance analysis of variable speed multiphase induction motor with pole phase modulation ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL. 65(3), pp. 425-436 (2016) DOI 10.1515/aee-2016-0031 Performance analysis of variable speed multiphase induction motor with pole phase modulation HUIJUAN LIU, JUN

More information

An Introduction to Electrical Machines. P. Di Barba, University of Pavia, Italy

An Introduction to Electrical Machines. P. Di Barba, University of Pavia, Italy An Introduction to Electrical Machines P. Di Barba, University of Pavia, Italy Academic year 0-0 Contents Transformer. An overview of the device. Principle of operation of a single-phase transformer 3.

More information

This is a repository copy of Influence of skew and cross-coupling on flux-weakening performance of permanent-magnet brushless AC machines.

This is a repository copy of Influence of skew and cross-coupling on flux-weakening performance of permanent-magnet brushless AC machines. This is a repository copy of Influence of skew and cross-coupling on flux-weakening performance of permanent-magnet brushless AC machines. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8610/

More information

Model of the Induction Machine including Saturation

Model of the Induction Machine including Saturation Model of the Induction Machine including Saturation José M. Aller, Daniel Delgado, Alexander Bueno, Julio C. Viola and José A. Restrepo UNIVERSIDAD SIMÓN BOLÍVAR Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Edo. Miranda

More information

Modelling of Closed Loop Speed Control for Pmsm Drive

Modelling of Closed Loop Speed Control for Pmsm Drive Modelling of Closed Loop Speed Control for Pmsm Drive Vikram S. Sathe, Shankar S. Vanamane M. Tech Student, Department of Electrical Engg, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli. Associate Prof, Department

More information

Finite Element Method based investigation of IPMSM losses

Finite Element Method based investigation of IPMSM losses Finite Element Method based investigation of IPMSM losses Martin Schmidtner 1, Prof. Dr. -Ing. Carsten Markgraf 1, Prof. Dr. -Ing. Alexander Frey 1 1. Augsburg University of Applied Sciences, Augsburg,

More information

A 2-Dimensional Finite-Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation Taking Into Account Parasitic Capacitive Effects W. N. Fu and S. L.

A 2-Dimensional Finite-Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation Taking Into Account Parasitic Capacitive Effects W. N. Fu and S. L. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1 A 2-Dimensional

More information

Cogging torque reduction of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM)

Cogging torque reduction of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) Scientia Iranica D (2018) 25(3), 1471{1477 Sharif University of Technology Scientia Iranica Transactions D: Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering http://scientiairanica.sharif.edu Cogging

More information

SPEED CONTROL OF PMSM BY USING DSVM -DTC TECHNIQUE

SPEED CONTROL OF PMSM BY USING DSVM -DTC TECHNIQUE SPEED CONTROL OF PMSM BY USING DSVM -DTC TECHNIQUE J Sinivas Rao #1, S Chandra Sekhar *2, T Raghu #3 1 Asst Prof, Dept Of EEE, Anurag Engineering College, AP, INDIA 3 Asst Prof, Dept Of EEE, Anurag Engineering

More information

A new FOC technique based on predictive current control for PMSM drive

A new FOC technique based on predictive current control for PMSM drive ISSN 1 746-7, England, UK World Journal of Modelling and Simulation Vol. 5 (009) No. 4, pp. 87-94 A new FOC technique based on predictive current control for PMSM drive F. Heydari, A. Sheikholeslami, K.

More information

Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of a Class of Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of a Class of Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Applied and Computational Mechanics 3 (2009) 331 338 Mathematical Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of a Class of Drive Systems with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors M. Mikhov a, a Faculty of Automatics,

More information

Towards an Improved Energy Efficiency of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives

Towards an Improved Energy Efficiency of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 11, No., June 014, 57-68 UDC: 61.311-5:61.313.33]:60.9 DOI: 10.98/SJEE131701G Towards an Improved Energy Efficiency of the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous

More information

Lecture 8: Sensorless Synchronous Motor Drives

Lecture 8: Sensorless Synchronous Motor Drives 1 / 22 Lecture 8: Sensorless Synchronous Motor Drives ELEC-E8402 Control of Electric Drives and Power Converters (5 ECTS) Marko Hinkkanen Spring 2017 2 / 22 Learning Outcomes After this lecture and exercises

More information

High Performance and Reliable Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric Vehicle Applications

High Performance and Reliable Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric Vehicle Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.19.7.159 ELEKTRONIKA IR ELEKTROTECHNIKA, ISSN 139-115, VOL. 19, NO. 7, 013 High Performance and Reliable Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors in Electric

More information

Magnetic Saturation and Iron Loss Influence on Max Torque per Ampere Current Vector Variation of Synchronous Reluctance Machine

Magnetic Saturation and Iron Loss Influence on Max Torque per Ampere Current Vector Variation of Synchronous Reluctance Machine EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 215 Magnetic Saturation and Iron Loss Influence on Max Torque per Ampere Current Vector Variation of Synchronous Reluctance Machine Huai-Cong Liu 1, In-Gun Kim 1, Ju lee 1

More information

Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System

Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System M. F. Moussa* A. Helal Y. Gaber H. A. Youssef (Arab Academy for science and technology) Alexandria University *mona.moussa@yahoo.com Abstract-The

More information

Introduction to Synchronous. Machines. Kevin Gaughan

Introduction to Synchronous. Machines. Kevin Gaughan Introduction to Synchronous Machines Kevin Gaughan The Synchronous Machine An AC machine (generator or motor) with a stator winding (usually 3 phase) generating a rotating magnetic field and a rotor carrying

More information

DTC Based Induction Motor Speed Control Using 10-Sector Methodology For Torque Ripple Reduction

DTC Based Induction Motor Speed Control Using 10-Sector Methodology For Torque Ripple Reduction DTC Based Induction Motor Speed Control Using 10-Sector Methodology For Torque Ripple Reduction S. Pavithra, Dinesh Krishna. A. S & Shridharan. S Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Delhi University

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MODELWITH USING SVI FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MODELWITH USING SVI FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL MODELWITH USING SVI FOR THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR MUKESH KUMAR ARYA * Electrical Engg. Department, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, Gwalior, 474005,

More information

Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System

Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System Unity Power Factor Control of Permanent Magnet Motor Drive System M. F. Moussa* A. Helal Y. Gaber H. A. Youssef (Arab Academy for science and technology) Alexandria University *mona.moussa@yahoo.com Abstract-The

More information

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: Version: Accepted Version

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:   Version: Accepted Version This is a repository copy of An Inverter Nonlinearity Independent Flux Observer for Direct Torque Controlled High Performance Interior Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Drives. White Rose Research Online URL

More information

On-line Parameter Estimation Method for IPMSM Based on Decoupling Control

On-line Parameter Estimation Method for IPMSM Based on Decoupling Control World Electric Vehicle Journal Vol. 4 - ISSN 232-6653 - 21 WEVA Page61 EVS25 Shenzhen, China, Nov 5-9, 21 On-line Parameter Estimation Method for IPMSM Based on Decoupling Control Aimeng Wang,Xingwang

More information

Wide-Speed Operation of Direct Torque-Controlled Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors

Wide-Speed Operation of Direct Torque-Controlled Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors Wide-Speed Operation of Direct Torque-Controlled Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors Adina Muntean, M.M. Radulescu Small Electric Motors and Electric Traction (SEMET) Group, Technical University

More information

Loss analysis of a 1 MW class HTS synchronous motor

Loss analysis of a 1 MW class HTS synchronous motor Journal of Physics: Conference Series Loss analysis of a 1 MW class HTS synchronous motor To cite this article: S K Baik et al 2009 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 153 012003 View the article online for updates and

More information

Design of the Forced Water Cooling System for a Claw Pole Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Design of the Forced Water Cooling System for a Claw Pole Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Design of the Forced Water Cooling System for a Claw Pole Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Ahmad Darabi 1, Ali Sarreshtehdari 2, and Hamed Tahanian 1 1 Faculty of Electrical and Robotic

More information

Definition Application of electrical machines Electromagnetism: review Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits Faraday s Law Electromagnetic

Definition Application of electrical machines Electromagnetism: review Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits Faraday s Law Electromagnetic Definition Application of electrical machines Electromagnetism: review Analogies between electric and magnetic circuits Faraday s Law Electromagnetic Force Motor action Generator action Types and parts

More information

TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G

TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G TRANSFORMERS B O O K P G. 4 4 4-449 REVIEW The RMS equivalent current is defined as the dc that will provide the same power in the resistor as the ac does on average P average = I 2 RMS R = 1 2 I 0 2 R=

More information

Performance Improvement of Direct Torque Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive by Considering Magnetic Saturation

Performance Improvement of Direct Torque Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive by Considering Magnetic Saturation Performance Improvement of Direct Torque Controlled Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronou Motor Drive by Conidering Magnetic Saturation Behrooz Majidi * Jafar Milimonfared * Kaveh Malekian * *Amirkabir

More information

ROEVER COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ELAMBALUR, PERAMBALUR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL MACHINES I

ROEVER COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ELAMBALUR, PERAMBALUR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL MACHINES I ROEVER COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ELAMBALUR, PERAMBALUR-621220 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL MACHINES I Unit I Introduction 1. What are the three basic types

More information

Generators for wind power conversion

Generators for wind power conversion Generators for wind power conversion B. G. Fernandes Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Email : bgf@ee.iitb.ac.in Outline of The Talk Introduction Constant speed

More information

SHAPE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR FOR VIBRATION MITIGATION USING LEVEL SET METHOD

SHAPE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR FOR VIBRATION MITIGATION USING LEVEL SET METHOD International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 917 922 (2016) DOI 10.1007/s12239 016 0089 7 Copyright 2016 KSAE/ 092 17 pissn 1229 9138/ eissn 1976 3832 SHAPE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF

More information

Keywords: Electric Machines, Rotating Machinery, Stator faults, Fault tolerant control, Field Weakening, Anisotropy, Dual rotor, 3D modeling

Keywords: Electric Machines, Rotating Machinery, Stator faults, Fault tolerant control, Field Weakening, Anisotropy, Dual rotor, 3D modeling Analysis of Electromagnetic Behavior of Permanent Magnetized Electrical Machines in Fault Modes M. U. Hassan 1, R. Nilssen 1, A. Røkke 2 1. Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Norwegian University

More information

Direct Torque Control of Three Phase Induction Motor FED with Three Leg Inverter Using Proportional Controller

Direct Torque Control of Three Phase Induction Motor FED with Three Leg Inverter Using Proportional Controller Direct Torque Control of Three Phase Induction Motor FED with Three Leg Inverter Using Proportional Controller Bijay Kumar Mudi 1, Sk. Rabiul Hossain 2,Sibdas Mondal 3, Prof. Gautam Kumar Panda 4, Prof.

More information

DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC

DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC 1 RAJENDRA S. SONI, 2 S. S. DHAMAL 1 Student, M. E. Electrical (Control Systems), K. K. Wagh College of Engg. & Research, Nashik 2

More information

CHAPTER 3 ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN OF INDUCTION MOTOR USNG GA

CHAPTER 3 ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN OF INDUCTION MOTOR USNG GA 31 CHAPTER 3 ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN OF INDUCTION MOTOR USNG GA 3.1 INTRODUCTION Electric motors consume over half of the electrical energy produced by power stations, almost the three-quarters of the

More information

Book Page cgrahamphysics.com Transformers

Book Page cgrahamphysics.com Transformers Book Page 444-449 Transformers Review The RMS equivalent current is defined as the dc that will provide the same power in the resistor as the ac does on average P average = I 2 RMS R = 1 2 I 0 2 R= V RMS

More information

Sensorless Speed Control for PMSM Based On the DTC Method with Adaptive System R. Balachandar 1, S. Vinoth kumar 2, C. Vignesh 3

Sensorless Speed Control for PMSM Based On the DTC Method with Adaptive System R. Balachandar 1, S. Vinoth kumar 2, C. Vignesh 3 Sensorless Speed Control for PMSM Based On the DTC Method with Adaptive System R. Balachandar 1, S. Vinoth kumar 2, C. Vignesh 3 P.G Scholar, Sri Subramanya College of Engg & Tech, Palani, Tamilnadu, India

More information

Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Excitation Axial Flux Machine for Electric Cars

Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Excitation Axial Flux Machine for Electric Cars 223 Finite Element Analysis of Hybrid Excitation Axial Flux Machine for Electric Cars Pelizari, A. ademir.pelizari@usp.br- University of Sao Paulo Chabu, I.E. ichabu@pea.usp.br - University of Sao Paulo

More information

The initial magnetization curve shows the magnetic flux density that would result when an increasing magnetic field is applied to an initially

The initial magnetization curve shows the magnetic flux density that would result when an increasing magnetic field is applied to an initially MAGNETIC CIRCUITS The study of magnetic circuits is important in the study of energy systems since the operation of key components such as transformers and rotating machines (DC machines, induction machines,

More information

Analysis of Idle Power and Iron Loss Reduction in an Interior PM Automotive Alternator

Analysis of Idle Power and Iron Loss Reduction in an Interior PM Automotive Alternator Analysis of Idle Power and Iron Loss Reduction in an Interior PM Automotive Alternator by Vlatka Životić-Kukolj M.Eng.Sci. (Research) Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Adelaide University, 2001 B.Eng

More information

Sensorless Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Sensorless Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2015 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Sensorless

More information

Inductance Testing According to the New IEEE Std 1812 Application and Possible Extensions for IPM Machines

Inductance Testing According to the New IEEE Std 1812 Application and Possible Extensions for IPM Machines Inductance Testing According to the New IEEE Std 1812 Application and Possible Extensions for IPM Machines Vandana Rallabandi Narges Taran Dan M. Ionel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

More information

Accurate and Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors

Accurate and Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors energies Article Accurate Efficient Torque Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Based on Hall-Effect Sensors Lei Yu 1, Youtong Zhang 1, Wenqing Huang 2 1 Laboratory

More information

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSORLESS SPEED CONTROL FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING AN OPTIMIZED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSORLESS SPEED CONTROL FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING AN OPTIMIZED EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET) International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 ISSN 0976 6464(Print)

More information

Sensibility Analysis of Inductance Involving an E-core Magnetic Circuit for Non Homogeneous Material

Sensibility Analysis of Inductance Involving an E-core Magnetic Circuit for Non Homogeneous Material Sensibility Analysis of Inductance Involving an E-core Magnetic Circuit for Non Homogeneous Material K. Z. Gomes *1, T. A. G. Tolosa 1, E. V. S. Pouzada 1 1 Mauá Institute of Technology, São Caetano do

More information

Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18,

Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS/IASME Int. Conf. on Electric Power Systems, High Voltages, Electric Machines, Tenerife, Spain, December 16-18, 2006 196 A Method for the Modeling and Analysis of Permanent

More information

MINIMIZATION OF POWER LOSSES OF A WOUND ROTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR TRACTION DRIVES USING LOLIMOT APPROXIMATION OF THE MAGNETIZING CHARACTERISTICS

MINIMIZATION OF POWER LOSSES OF A WOUND ROTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR TRACTION DRIVES USING LOLIMOT APPROXIMATION OF THE MAGNETIZING CHARACTERISTICS Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe Nr 3/2018 (119) 95 Viktor Barinberg, Petr Micek, Seif Shaaban IAV GmbH, Berlin, Niemcy MINIMIZATION OF POWER LOSSES OF A WOUND ROTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR TRACTION

More information

SWITCHED reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been

SWITCHED reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 45, NO. 5, OCTOBER 1998 815 A Novel Power Converter with Voltage-Boosting Capacitors for a Four-Phase SRM Drive Yasser G. Dessouky, Barry W. Williams,

More information

Optimisation of Inner Diameter to Outer Diameter Ratio of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator

Optimisation of Inner Diameter to Outer Diameter Ratio of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 220-1, Volume 9, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov Dec. 2014), PP 4-47 Optimisation of Inner Diameter to Outer Diameter

More information

A Novel Three-phase Matrix Converter Based Induction Motor Drive Using Power Factor Control

A Novel Three-phase Matrix Converter Based Induction Motor Drive Using Power Factor Control Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(4) Special 214, Pages: 49-417 AENSI Journals Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ISSN:1991-8178 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com A Novel

More information

Sensorless Control of Two-phase Switched Reluctance Drive in the Whole Speed Range

Sensorless Control of Two-phase Switched Reluctance Drive in the Whole Speed Range Sensorless Control of Two-phase Switched Reluctance Drive in the Whole Speed Range Dmitry Aliamkin, Alecksey Anuchin, Maxim Lashkevich Electric Drives Department of Moscow Power Engineering Institute,

More information

CPPM Mahine: A Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machine with Field Weakening

CPPM Mahine: A Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machine with Field Weakening CPPM Mahine: A Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machine with Field Weakening Juan A. Tapia, Thomas A. Lipo, Fellow, IEEE Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 45 Engineering

More information

MODIFIED SCHEME OF PREDICTIVE TORQUE CONTROL FOR THREE-PHASE FOUR-SWITCH INVERTER-FED MOTOR DRIVE WITH ADAPTIVE DC-LINK VOLTAGE IMBALANCE SUPPRESSION

MODIFIED SCHEME OF PREDICTIVE TORQUE CONTROL FOR THREE-PHASE FOUR-SWITCH INVERTER-FED MOTOR DRIVE WITH ADAPTIVE DC-LINK VOLTAGE IMBALANCE SUPPRESSION POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES 2(37), No. 2, 217 DOI: 1.5277/PED1728 MODIFIED SCHEME OF PREDICTIVE TORQUE CONTROL FOR THREE-PHASE FOUR-SWITCH INVERTER-FED MOTOR DRIVE WITH ADAPTIVE DC-LINK VOLTAGE IMBALANCE

More information

Shanming Wang, Ziguo Huang, Shujun Mu, and Xiangheng Wang. 1. Introduction

Shanming Wang, Ziguo Huang, Shujun Mu, and Xiangheng Wang. 1. Introduction Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 215, Article ID 467856, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/215/467856 Research Article A Straightforward Convergence Method for ICCG Simulation of Multiloop and

More information

Torque Ripple Reduction Method with Minimized Current RMS Value for SRM Based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Characteristic

Torque Ripple Reduction Method with Minimized Current RMS Value for SRM Based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Characteristic Torque Ripple Reduction Method with Minimized Current RMS Value for SRM Based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Characteristic Takahiro Kumagai, Keisuke Kusaka, Jun-ichi Itoh Nagaoka University of

More information

Motor-CAD combined electromagnetic and thermal model (January 2015)

Motor-CAD combined electromagnetic and thermal model (January 2015) Motor-CAD combined electromagnetic and thermal model (January 2015) Description The Motor-CAD allows the machine performance, losses and temperatures to be calculated for a BPM machine. In this tutorial

More information

A Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Wide Field-Weakening Range Rukmi Dutta

A Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Wide Field-Weakening Range Rukmi Dutta A Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Wide Field-Weakening Range Rukmi Dutta A thesis submitted to The University of New South Wales for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School

More information

MODELING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MACHINES

MODELING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MACHINES MODELING AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONTROL OF ELECTRIC MACHINES JOHN CHIASSON IEEE PRESS ü t SERIES ON POWER ENGINEERING IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Series Editor The Institute

More information

Revision Guide for Chapter 15

Revision Guide for Chapter 15 Revision Guide for Chapter 15 Contents Revision Checklist Revision otes Transformer...4 Electromagnetic induction...4 Lenz's law...5 Generator...6 Electric motor...7 Magnetic field...9 Magnetic flux...

More information

THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CLAW POLE ALTERNATORS

THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CLAW POLE ALTERNATORS FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Cristian Petru BARZ THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CLAW POLE ALTERNATORS -PHD THESIS- (abstract) Scientific advisor, Prof.dr. Vasile IANCU 2010 The INTRODUCTION

More information

Influence of Rotor Structure and Number of Phases on Torque and Flux Weakening Characteristics of V-Shape Interior PM Electrical Machine

Influence of Rotor Structure and Number of Phases on Torque and Flux Weakening Characteristics of V-Shape Interior PM Electrical Machine Influence of Rotor Structure and Number of Phases on Torque and Flux Weakening Characteristics of V-Shape Interior PM Electrical Machine Bassel Aslan, Julien Korecki, Thimoté Vigier, Eric Semail To cite

More information

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL-FLUX CORELESS PERMANENT MAGNET DISK GENERATOR

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL-FLUX CORELESS PERMANENT MAGNET DISK GENERATOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AXIAL-FLUX CORELESS PERMANENT MAGNET DISK GENERATOR Łukasz DR ZIKOWSKI Włodzimierz KOCZARA Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw,

More information

1439. Numerical simulation of the magnetic field and electromagnetic vibration analysis of the AC permanent-magnet synchronous motor

1439. Numerical simulation of the magnetic field and electromagnetic vibration analysis of the AC permanent-magnet synchronous motor 1439. Numerical simulation of the magnetic field and electromagnetic vibration analysis of the AC permanent-magnet synchronous motor Bai-zhou Li 1, Yu Wang 2, Qi-chang Zhang 3 1, 2, 3 School of Mechanical

More information

Project 1: Analysis of an induction machine using a FEM based software EJ Design of Electrical Machines

Project 1: Analysis of an induction machine using a FEM based software EJ Design of Electrical Machines Project : Analysis of an induction machine using a FEM based software General instructions In this assignment we will analyze an induction machine using Matlab and the freely available finite element software

More information

Cogging Torque Reduction in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Axial Pole Pairing

Cogging Torque Reduction in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Axial Pole Pairing EVS28 KINTEX, Korea, May 3-6, 215 Cogging Torque Reduction in Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor by Axial Pole Pairing Soo-Gyung Lee 1, Kyung-Tae Jung 1, Seung-Hee Chai 1, and Jung-Pyo

More information