Serbia and Montenegro

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1 Serbia and Montenegro

3 MSC-W Data Note 1/2006 Date: December 2006 METEOROLOGISK INSTITUTT Norwegian Meteorological Institute Transboundary air pollution by main pollutants(s,n,o 3 )andpm Serbia and Montenegro EMEP/MSC-W: Heiko Klein and Anna Benedictow Data Note 2006 ISSN

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5 Contents 1 Introduction 5 2 Definitions, statistics used 8 3 Emissions 10 4 Trends 11 5 Transboundary Fluxes in Oxidisedsulphurdeposition Oxidisednitrogendeposition Reducednitrogendeposition Transboundary ozone concentrations AOT40 3m f AFst1.6 gen-df Ozonefluxestodeciduousforests SOMO35 Riskofozonedamagesinhumanhealth Transboundary concentrations of particulate matter 19 8 Comparison with Observations 21 9 RiskofdamagefromOzoneandPMinSerbiaandMontenegroin Ecosystem-specificAOT40values Ecosystem-specificozonefluxes HealthimpactsfromOzoneandPM A SRtablesfor2004 I A.1 OverviewoverSRtables.... II 3

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7 1 Introduction This note is one of a series of country-specific reports, complementary to the EMEP Status Report 1/2006. It presents overview information on transboundary pollution of main pollutants, ground level ozone and PM relevant for Serbia and Montenegro. The transboundary contributions are based on source-receptor calculations with the EMEP Unified Model using meteorological and emission data for the year These source-receptor calculations are based on the same version of the EMEP Unified Modelaspresentedinthemainreport(rv2.5/2.6). Emissions The emissions for have been derived from the 2006 official data submissions to UN-ECE CLRTAP. The gridded distributions of these emissions have been derived by scaling with respect to gridded data distributions in year 2000 (Base2000V7).Theemissionsfor1980and1985havenotbeenupdatedforthe2006 calculations. They are the same as used in the EMEP Assessment Report. The gridded emission data is available on Trends Trends on deposition and air quality data are derived with the EMEP Unified Model. Please note that different years are calculated with different model versions: :Modelrv :Modelrv : Model rv 2.6. Data used throughout this report. Differences between rv 2.5 and rv 2.6 concern the change of the computing platform oftheemepunifiedmodelanddoesnotreflectanychangestothemodeldescription. Transboundary data Data is presented in the form of maps, pies and bar-charts. The data is generated by source-receptor calculations, where emissions for each emitter of one or more precursors are reduced by 15%. For oxidised sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen, the results have been scaled to present data corresponding to all emissionsfromaemitter.forothercomponentswechoosetopresenttheeffectofa 15% reduction, as this is a more correct way of describing chemical non-linearities in atmospheric pollution. The pie charts for depositions and PM give a picture of the relative contributions of the countries or regions to depositions over Serbia and Montenegro. ForO 3 andrelatedindicatorsbarchartsareusedbecauseinsomecasestheeffect ofareductionofemissionsfromacountrycaneitherincreaseordecreaseo 3 levels elsewhere. Thevaluesinthebarchartsforozoneindicatorsshowthesixmostimportant contributors to AOT40, ozone fluxes and SOMO35 in Serbia and Montenegro. Since the contributions can be both positive or negative, the relative importance of the contributors has been determined by comparing the absolute value of the contributions. To give more intuitive pictures on the effect of pollution from a given country, we use positive scales for pollution reductions throughout this note. Note then that negative values will mean increase of pollution levels. 5

8 Comparison with Observations The map of monitoring stations shows all stations of Serbia and Montenegro in the EMEP measurement network with measurements in 2004 submitted to EMEP. The frequency analysis plot compare 2004 observation results with the model results. The measurement data is available from CCC: http: // RisksfromOzoneandPM ThemapswithozoneandPMvaluescorrespondtoregional background levels and they are not representative of local point measurements, where these values can be much higher(i.e. in cities). 6

9 Country Codes Manytablesandgraphsinthisreportmakeuseofcodestodenotecountriesandregions intheemeparea.table1providesanoverviewofthesecodesandliststhecountries and regions included in the present 2004 source-receptor calculations. Code Country/Region Code Country/Region AL Albania GR Greece AM Armenia HR Croatia ASI Remaining Asian areas HU Hungary AT Austria IE Ireland ATL Remaining N.E. Atlantic Ocean IS Iceland AZ Azerbaijan IT Italy BA Bosnia and Herzegovina KZ Kazakhstan BAS Baltic Sea LT Lithuania BE Belgium LU Luxembourg BG Bulgaria LV Latvia BIC Boundary and Initial Conditions MD Republic of Moldova BLS Black Sea MED Mediterranean Sea BY Belarus MK The FYR of Macedonia CH Switzerland MT Malta CS Serbia and Montenegro NL Netherlands CY Cyprus NO Norway CZ Czech Republic NOA North Africa DE Germany NOS North Sea DK Denmark PL Poland DMS Natural marine emissions PT Portugal EE Estonia RO Romania EMC Land Areas RU Russian Federation ES Spain SE Sweden EU European Community SI Slovenia FI Finland SK Slovakia FR France TR Turkey GB United Kingdom UA Ukraine GE Georgia VOL Volcanic emissions GL Greenland Table 1: Country/Region codes used in the source-receptor calculations Russian Federation means the part of the Russian Federation inside the EMEP domain of calculations. The same applies to the Remaining N.E. Atlantic region and natural marine emission area.northafricaandasiarefertopartsofthemwithinthemodeldomain.fornorthafrica this concerns parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. With respect to Asia it includes Syria, Lebanon, Israel, parts of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq and Jordan. The European Union includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. 7

10 2 Definitions, statistics used The following definitions and acronyms are used throughout this note: SIAdenotessecondaryinorganicaerosolandisdefinedasthesumofsulphate(SO 2 4 ), nitrate(no 3 )andammonium(nh+ 4 ).IntheUnifiedEMEPmodelSIAiscalculatedasthesum:SIA=SO 2 4 +NO 3 (fine)+no 3 (coarse)+nh+ 4 PPM denotes primary particulate matter, originating directly from anthropogenic emissions.itisusuallydistinguishedbetweenfineprimaryparticulatematter,ppm 2.5 with aerosol diameters below 2.5 µm and coarse primary particulate matter, PPM co withaerosoldiametersbetween2.5µmand10µm. PM 2.5 denotesfineparticulatematter,definedastheintegratedmassofaerosolwith diameterupto2.5 µm.intheunifiedemepmodelpm 2.5 iscalculatedasthe sum:pm 2.5 =SO 2 4 +NO 3 (fine)+nh+ 4 +PPM 2.5 PM 10 denotesparticulatematter,definedastheintegratedmassofaerosolwithdiameterupto10 µm.intheunifiedemepmodelpm 10 iscalculatedasthesum: PM 10 =PM 2.5 +NO 3 (coarse)+ppm co SOMO35-TheSumofOzoneMeansOver35ppbisthenewindicatorforhealthimpact assessmentrecommendedbywho.itisdefinedastheyearlysumofthedaily maximumof8-hourrunningaverageover35ppb.foreachdaythemaximum oftherunning8-hoursaverageforo 3 isselectedandthevaluesover35ppbare summed over the whole year. Ifwelet A d 8denotethemaximum8-hourlyaverageozoneonday d,duringa yearwith N y days(n y =365or366),thenSOMO35canbedefinedas: SOMO35 = d=n y d=1 max ( A d 8 35ppb, 0.0) wherethe maxfunctionensuresthatonly A d 8 valuesexceeding35ppbareincluded. The corresponding unit is ppb days(abbreviated also as ppb d). AOT40-theaccumulatedamountofozoneoverthethresholdvalueof40ppb,i.e.. AOT40 = max(o 3 40 ppb, 0.0)dt where the max function ensures that only ozone values exceeding 40 ppb are included. The integral is taken over time, namely the relevant growing season for the vegetation concerned, and for daytime only. The corresponding unit are ppb hours(abbreviated to ppb h). Although the EMEP model now generates a number of AOT-related outputs, these country reports present results for two practical definitions: 8

11 AOT40 uc f -AOT40calculatedforforestsusingestimatesofO 3 atforest-top (uc: upper-canopy). This AOT40 is that defined for forests by the UNECE Mapping Manual, but using a default growing season of April-September. AOT40 uc c -AOT40calculatedforagriculturalcropsusingestimatesofO 3 atthe topofthecrop.thisaot40isclosetothatdefinedforagriculturalcrops bytheunecemappingmanual,butusingadefaultgrowingseasonof May-July, and a default crop-height of 1 m. AFstY-theaccumulatedstomatalozonefluxoverathresholdYnmolm 2 s 1,i.e.: AFstY gen = max(f st Y,0) dt (1) wherestomatalflux F st,andthreshold, Y,areinnmolm 2 s 1,andthe max functionevaluates max(a B,0)to A Bfor A > B,orzeroif A B.This integral is evaluated over time, from the start of the growing season(sgs), to the end(egs). Forthegenericcropandforestspeciesthesuffixgenisapplied,e.g.AFst1.6 gen-df is used for deciduous forests. 9

12 3 Emissions Figure 1: Spatial distribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro in

13 4 Trends SO x NO x NH NMVOC CO PM PM Table 2: Emissions from Serbia and Montenegro for different years. Units: Gg Sdep oxn dep redn dep Table 3: Estimated deposition of Sulphur(S) and Nitrogen(N) in Serbia and Montenegro in Units: Gg(S) or Gg(N) mean ozone max ozone AOT40 uc f SOMO AFst1.6 gen-df PM 2.5anthrop PM 10anthrop Table 4: Estimated yearly mean values of air quality indicators averaged over Serbia and Montenegroin2004. Units: dailymeanozone(ppb),dailymaxozone(ppb),aot40 uc f (ppb h) SOMO35(ppb d),afst1.6 gen-df (mmol/m2);andpm 2.5 (µg/m 3 )andpm 10 (µg/m 3 )from anthropogenic sources in the model. Figure 2: Trends in emissions and depositions of oxidised sulphur, oxidised nitrogen and reduced nitrogen. Units: Gg(S) or Gg(N). 11

14 Figure 3: Trends in emissions of photo-oxidant pollution precursors. Units: Gg(note thatno x ishereasno 2 ). Figure 4: Changes in ozone related pollution relative to Units:%. Figure5:Trendsinmeanconcentrationsofparticulessince2000.Units: µg/m 3. 12

Thepiechartshowsthesixmain receptor areas of oxidised sulphur deposition from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: (%).

15 5 Transboundary Fluxes in Oxidised sulphur deposition Figure 6: Contribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro to oxidised sulphur depositionintheemepdomain.units:mg(s)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmain receptor areas of oxidised sulphur deposition from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: (%). Figure 7: Oxidised sulphur deposition in Serbia and Montenegro(top left figure). Units:mg(S)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmaincontributorstooxidisedsulphur deposition in Serbia and Montenegro. Units:(%). Oxidised sulphur deposition from transboundarysources(lowerleft).units:(mg(s)/m 2 ).Fractionfromtransboundary contribution to total deposition(lower right). Units:(%) 13

5.2 Oxidised nitrogen deposition Figure 8: Contribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro to oxidised nitrogen depositionintheemepdomain.units:mg(n)/m 2.

16 5.2 Oxidised nitrogen deposition Figure 8: Contribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro to oxidised nitrogen depositionintheemepdomain.units:mg(n)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmain receptor areas of oxidised nitrogen deposition from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: (%). Figure 9: Oxidised nitrogen deposition in Serbia and Montenegro(top left figure). Units:mg(S)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmaincontributorstooxidisednitrogen deposition in Serbia and Montenegro. Units:(%). Oxidised nitrogen deposition from transboundarysources(lowerleft).units:(mg(s)/m 2 ).Fractionfromtransboundary contribution to total deposition(lower right). Units:(%) 14

5.3 Reduced nitrogen deposition Figure 10: Contribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro to reduced nitrogen depositionintheemepdomain.units:mg(n)/m 2.

Figure 11: Reduced nitrogen deposition in Serbia and Montenegro(top left figure). Units:mg(S)/m 2.

17 5.3 Reduced nitrogen deposition Figure 10: Contribution of emissions from Serbia and Montenegro to reduced nitrogen depositionintheemepdomain.units:mg(n)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmain receptor areas of reduced nitrogen deposition from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: (%). Figure 11: Reduced nitrogen deposition in Serbia and Montenegro(top left figure). Units:mg(S)/m 2.Thepiechartshowsthesixmaincontributorstoreducednitrogen deposition in Serbia and Montenegro. Units:(%). Reduced nitrogen deposition from transboundarysources(lowerleft).units:(mg(s)/m 2 ).Fractionfromtransboundary contribution to total deposition(lower right). Units:(%) 15

18 6 Transboundary ozone concentrations 6.1 AOT40 3m f Figure12:ReductioninAOT40 3m f dueto15%reductioninno x (left)andnmvoc (right) emissions from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: ppb h Figure13:SixmostimportantcontributorstoAOT40 3m f in Serbia and Montenegro by NO x (left)andnmvoc(right)emissionchanges(15%reduction).units:(%) Figure14:ReductioninAOT40 3m f dueto15%reductioninno x (left)andnmvoc emissions(right) from transboundary sources. Units: ppb h 16

6.2 AF st 1.6 gen-df Ozonefluxestodeciduousforests Figure15: ReductioninAFst1.6 gen-df dueto15%reductioninno x (left)and NMVOC(right)emissionsfromSerbiaandMontenegro.

19 6.2 AF st 1.6 gen-df Ozonefluxestodeciduousforests Figure15: ReductioninAFst1.6 gen-df dueto15%reductioninno x (left)and NMVOC(right)emissionsfromSerbiaandMontenegro.Units:mmol/m 2 Figure16:SixmostimportantcontributorstoAFst1.6 gen-df inserbiaandmontenegrobyno x (left)andnmvoc(right)emissions(15%reduction) Figure17: ReductioninAFst1.6 gen-df dueto15%reductioninno x (left)and NMVOCemissions(right)fromtransboundarysources.Units:mmol/m 2 17

6.3 SOMO35 Risk of ozone damages in human health Figure18:ReductioninSOMO35dueto15%reductioninNO x (left)andnmvoc (right) emissions from Serbia and Montenegro.

20 6.3 SOMO35 Risk of ozone damages in human health Figure18:ReductioninSOMO35dueto15%reductioninNO x (left)andnmvoc (right) emissions from Serbia and Montenegro. Units: ppb day Figure 19: Six most important contributors to SOMO35 in Serbia and Montenegro by NO x (left)andnmvoc(right)emissions(15%reduction) Figure20:ReductioninSOMO35dueto15%reductioninNO x (left)andnmvoc emissions(right) from transboundary sources. Units: ppb day 18

21 7 Transboundary concentrations of particulate matter Figure 21: Reduction in SIA and PPM2.5 concentrations due to 15% emission reductionfromserbiaandmontenegro.units: µg/m 3.Notethedifferenceinscales. Figure 22: Main contributors to SIA(left) and PPM2.5(right) concentrations in Serbia and Montenegro. Units:(%) Figure 23: Reduction in SIA and PPM2.5 concentrations in Serbia and Montenegro due to 15% emission reductions from transboundary sources. Units:(%) 19

Figure 24: Reduction in PM2.5 and PMcoarse concentrations due to 15% emission reductionfromserbiaandmontenegro.units: µg/m 3.Notethedifferenceinscales. Figure 25: Main contributors to PM2.

22 Figure 24: Reduction in PM2.5 and PMcoarse concentrations due to 15% emission reductionfromserbiaandmontenegro.units: µg/m 3.Notethedifferenceinscales. Figure 25: Main contributors to PM2.5(left) and PMcoarse(right) concentrations in Serbia and Montenegro. Units:(%) Figure 26: Reduction in PM2.5 and PMcoarse concentrations in Serbia and Montenegro due to 15% emission reductions from transboundary sources. Units:(%) 20

23 8 Comparison with Observations Figure 27: Location of stations in Serbia and Montenegro Sufficiently consistent set of daily ozone observation in CS for 2004 not available for these calculations. Figure 28: Frequency analysis of ozone in Serbia and Montenegro at the stations that reportedo 3 in2004(model,observations) Sufficiently consistent set of daily wet deposition observation in CS for 2004 not available for these calculations. Figure 29: Frequency analysis of depositions in precipitation in Serbia and Montenegro(Model, Observations) Sufficiently consistent set of daily air concentration observation in CS for 2004 not available for these calculations. Figure 30: Frequency analysis of air concentrations in Serbia and Montenegro(Model, Observations) 21

9 RiskofdamagefromOzoneandPMinSerbiaandMontenegro in 2004 9.

September): The critical level for forest damage critical level for agricultural crops is 3000 ppb h. is 5000 ppb h.

24 9 RiskofdamagefromOzoneandPMinSerbiaandMontenegro in Ecosystem-specific AOT40 values (a) AOT40 uc f (growing season: April-(b)AOT40 uc c (growing season: May-July): The September): The critical level for forest damage critical level for agricultural crops is 3000 ppb h. is 5000 ppb h. Figure31:AOT40 uc f andaot40uc c in Serbia and Montenegro in Ecosystem-specific ozone fluxes (a) AFSTCR3 (b) AFSTDF16 Figure32:AFst3 gen-cr andafst1.6 gen-df inserbiaandmontenegroin

25 9.3 Health impacts from Ozone and PM Figure33:SOMO35andPM 2.5 inserbiaandmontenegroin

26 24

27 A SR TABLES FOR 2004 I A Source-Receptor relationships for 2004 The source-receptor(sr) relationships presented in this Appendix give the change in air concentrations or depositions resulting from a change in emissions from each emitter country in There are two fundamental questions answered by the SR matrices: 1.Wheredothepollutantsemittedbyacountryorregionendup? 2.Wheredothepollutantsinagivencountryorregioncomefrom? Each column answers the first question. The numbers within a column give the change in the value of each pollutant(or indicator) for each receiver country caused by theemissionsinthecountrygivenatthetopofthecolumn. Eachrowanswersthesecondquestion. Thenumbersgivenineachrowshow which emitter countries were responsible for the change in pollutants in the country givenatthebeginningofeachrow. A 15% reduction of the emissions from the individual countries have been applied in order to determine its influence. For each country four separate runs have been performed:anemissionreductionofso x,no x (+PPM),NH 3 ornmvochasbeen applied. The depositions tables show the contribution from one country to another. They have been calculated adding the differences obtained by a 15% reduction for all emissionsinonecountrymultipliedbyafactorof100/15. For the concentrations and indicator tables, the differences obtained by the 15% emission reduction of the relevant pollutants are given directly. The tables should be interpreted as the predictions of this reduction scenario. BIC In the source-receptor calculations, we include also an analysis of the effect of a 15% reduction in boundary conditions(bic). The BIC SR-calculations are base on the following: SO x : SO 2,SO 4 NO x : NO,NO 2,PAN,HNO 3,fineandcoarseNO 3 NH 3 : NH 4.(NH 3 inbiciszero) NMVOC: C 2 H 6,C 4 H 10,HCHO,CH 3 CHO PPM: PPMinBICiszero. Changes in boundary conditions of ozone, methane and CO are not considered under this BIC source-receptor category.

28 II EMEP Country Report for CS 2006 A.1 Overview over SR tables Acidification and eutrophication DepositionofOXS(oxidisedsulphur).ThecontributionfromSO x,no x,nh 3 andnmvocemissionshavebeensummedupandscaledtoa100%reduction. DepositionofOXN(oxidisednitrogen).ThecontributionfromSO x,no x,nh 3 andnmvocemissionshavebeensummedupandscaledtoa100%reduction. DepositionofRDN(reducednitrogen).ThecontributionfromSO x,no x,nh 3 andnmvocemissionshavebeensummedupandscaledtoa100%reduction. Ground Level Ozone AOT40 uc f.effectofa15%reductioninno xemissions. AOT40 uc f.effectofa15%reductioninnmvocemissions. AFst1.6 gen-df.effectofa15%reductioninno x emissions. AFst1.6 gen-df.effectofa15%reductioninnmvocemissions. SOMO35.Effectofa15%reductioninNO x emissions. SOMO35. Effect of a 15% reduction in NMVOC emissions. Particulate Matter PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninPPMemissions. PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninSO x emissions. PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninNO x emissions. PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninNH 3 emissions. PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninNMVOCemissions. PM 2.5.Effectofa15%reductioninallemissions.Thecontributionfroma15% reductioninppm,so x,no x,nh 3 andnmvocemissionshavebeensummed up

29 A SR TABLES FOR 2004 III

30 IV EMEP Country Report for CS 2006 Table A.1: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for oxidised sulphur deposition. Units:100MgofS.Emitters,Receptors. AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU

31 A SR TABLES FOR 2004: Oxidised Sulphur V Table A.1 Cont.: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for oxidised sulphur deposition. Units:100MgofS.Emitters,Receptors. LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU

32 VI EMEP Country Report for CS 2006 Table A.2: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for oxidised nitrogen deposition. Units:100MgofN.Emitters,Receptors. AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU

33 A SR TABLES FOR 2004: Oxidised Nitrogen VII Table A.2 Cont.: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for oxidised nitrogen deposition. Units:100MgofN.Emitters,Receptors. LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU

34 VIII EMEP Country Report for CS 2006 Table A.3: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for reduced nitrogen deposition. Units:100MgofN.Emitters,Receptors. AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT LU

35 A SR TABLES FOR 2004: Reduced Nitrogen IX Table A.3 Cont.: 2004 country-to-country blame matrices for reduced nitrogen deposition. Units:100MgofN.Emitters,Receptors. LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA SUM SUM EMC EMC EU EU emis emis LV MD MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RU SE SI SK TR UA ATL BAS BLS MED NOS ASI NOA BIC DMS VOL SUM EU

36 X EMEP Country Report for CS 2006 TableA.4:2004country-to-countryblamematricesforAOT40 uc f. Units:ppb.hper15%emis.red.ofNO x.emitters,receptors. AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT AL AL AM AM AT AT AZ AZ BA BA BE BE BG BG BY BY CH CH CS CS CY CY CZ CZ DE DE DK DK EE EE ES ES FI FI FR FR GB GB GE GE GL GL GR GR HR HR HU HU IE IE IS IS IT IT KZ KZ LT LT LU LU LV LV MD MD MK MK MT MT NL NL NO NO PL PL PT PT RO RO RU RU SE SE SI SI SK SK TR TR UA UA ATL ATL BAS BAS BLS BLS MED MED NOS NOS ASI ASI NOA NOA EMC EMC EU EU AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CS CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KZ LT

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