ELECTRON DYNAMICS WITH SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
|
|
- David Hensley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ELECTRON DYNAMICS WITH SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Lenny Rivkin Ecole Polythechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland CERN Accelerator School: Introduction to Accelerator Physics November 5, 2012, Granada, Spain
2 Radiation effects in electron storage rings Average radiated power restored by RF Electron loses energy each turn RF cavities provide voltage to accelerate electrons back to the nominal energy Radiation damping Average rate of energy loss produces DAMPING of electron oscillations in all three degrees of freedom (if properly arranged!) Quantum fluctuations Statistical fluctuations in energy loss (from quantised emission of radiation) produce RANDOM EXCITATION of these oscillations Equilibrium distributions U of E 0 V RF > U 0 The balance between the damping and the excitation of the electron oscillations determines the equilibrium distribution of particles in the beam Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
3 Radiation is emitted into a narrow cone = 1 e v << c vc Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
4 Synchrotron radiation power Power emitted is proportional to: P E 2 B 2 P 4 cc E 2 2 P 2 c C = 4 3 r e m e c 2 3 = m GeV 3 = Energy loss per turn: U 0 = C E 4 hc = 197 Mev fm U 0 = 4 3 hc 4 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
5 RADIATION DAMPING TRANSVERSE OSCILLATIONS
6 Average energy loss and gain per turn Every turn electron radiates small amount of energy E 1 = E 0 U 0 = E 0 1 U 0 E 0 only the amplitude of the momentum changes P 1 = P 0 U 0 c = P 0 1 U 0 E 0 Only the longitudinal component of the momentum is increased in the RF cavity Energy of betatron oscillation E A 2 A 1 2 = A U 0 E 0 or A 1 A 0 1 U 0 2E 0 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
7 Damping of vertical oscillations But this is just the exponential decay law! A A = U 0 2E The oscillations are exponentially damped with the damping time (milliseconds!) 2ET U 0 0 In terms of radiation power 2E P A A e t 0 the time it would take particle to lose all of its energy 4 and since P E E 3 1 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
8 Adiabatic damping in linear accelerators In a linear accelerator: p p x = p p p decreases 1 E p In a storage ring beam passes many times through same RF cavity Clean loss of energy every turn (no change in x ) Every turn is re-accelerated by RF (x is reduced) Particle energy on average remains constant
9 Emittance damping in linacs: e W e 2 W 2 e 4 W 4 e 1 or 2 4 econst.
10 RADIATION DAMPING LONGITUDINAL OSCILLATIONS
11 Longitudinal motion: compensating radiation loss U 0 RF cavity provides accelerating field with frequency f RF h f 0 h harmonic number V RF The energy gain: U 0 URF ev RF Synchronous particle: has design energy gains from the RF on the average as much as it loses per turn U 0
12 Longitudinal motion: phase stability U 0 V RF Particle ahead of synchronous one gets too much energy from the RF goes on a longer orbit (not enough B) >> takes longer to go around comes back to the RF cavity closer to synchronous part. Particle behind the synchronous one gets too little energy from the RF goes on a shorter orbit (too much B) catches-up with the synchronous particle
13 Longitudinal motion: energy-time oscillations energy deviation from the design energy, or the energy of the synchronous particle e longitudinal coordinate measured from the position of the synchronous electron
14 Orbit Length Length element depends on x dl = 1 + x ds dl x ds Horizontal displacement has two parts: x = x + x e To first order x does not change L x e has the same sign around the ring Length of the off-energy orbit L e = dl = 1 + x e ds = L 0 +L L = D s s ds p where = p = E E L L =
15 Something funny happens on the way around the ring... Revolution time changes with energy T T = L L Particle goes faster (not much!) while the orbit length increases (more!) The slip factor T T = 1 2 dp p = dp p Ring is above transition energy isochronous ring: T 0 = L 0 c d = 1 2 dp p since >> 1 2 = 0 or = tr 1 tr 2 (relativity) L L = dp p
16 Not only accelerators work above transition
17 RF Voltage V RF V Vˆ sin h 0 s U 0 here the synchronous phase s U arcsin 0 evˆ
18 Momentum compaction factor 1 L Like the tunes Q x, Q y - depends on the whole optics D s s ds A quick estimate for separated function guide field: = 1 L 0 0 mag D s ds L mag = 2 0 = 1 L 0 0 D L mag But = D R Since dispersion is approximately D R Q 2 1 typically < 1% 2 Q and the orbit change for ~ 1% energy deviation L = L 2 Q = 0 in dipoles = elsewhere
19 Energy balance Energy gain from the RF system: U RF = ev RF = U 0 + ev RF synchronous particle () will get exactly the energy loss per turn we consider only linear oscillations Each turn electron gets energy from RF and loses energy to radiation within one revolution time T 0 e = U 0 + ev RF U 0 + Ue V RF = dv RF d = 0 de dt = 1 T 0 ev RF Ue An electron with an energy deviation will arrive after one turn at a different time with respect to the synchronous particle d dt = e E 0
20 Synchrotron oscillations: damped harmonic oscillator Combining the two equations where the oscillation frequency the damping is slow: the solution is then: e t =e 0 e e t cos Wt + e d 2 e dt e de dt + W 2 e = 0 W 2 ev RF T 0 E 0 e U 2T 0 typically e <<W similarly, we can get for the time delay: t = 0 e e t cos Wt +
21 Synchrotron (time - energy) oscillations The ratio of amplitudes at any instant Oscillations are 90 degrees out of phase = WE 0 e e = + 2 The motion can be viewed in the phase space of conjugate variables e, e ˆ e e E 0, W e E 0 ˆ W
22 V Vo sin s s Stable regime U Separatrix d( ) dt
23 Longitudinal motion: damping of synchrotron oscillations P E 2 B 2 During one period of synchrotron oscillation: when the particle is in the upper half-plane, it loses more energy per turn, its energy gradually reduces e U > U 0 U < U 0 when the particle is in the lower half-plane, it loses less energy per turn, but receives U 0 on the average, so its energy deviation gradually reduces The synchrotron motion is damped the phase space trajectory is spiraling towards the origin
24 Robinson theorem: Damping partition numbers Transverse betatron oscillations are damped with Synchrotron oscillations are damped twice as fast x e z 2ET U ET U The total amount of damping (Robinson theorem) depends only on energy and loss per turn 1 x + 1 y + 1 e = 2U 0 ET 0 = U 0 2ET 0 J x + J y + J e the sum of the partition numbers J x + J z + J e = 4 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
25 Radiation loss P E 2 B 2 Displaced off the design orbit particle sees fields that are different from design values energy deviation e different energy: P different magnetic field B particle moves on a different orbit, defined by the off-energy or dispersion function D x γ E 2 both contribute to linear term in P γ e betatron oscillations: zero on average Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
26 Radiation loss To first order in e U rad = U 0 + U e P E 2 B 2 electron energy changes slowly, at any instant it is moving on an orbit defined by D x after some algebra one can write U = U D E 0 D 0 only when k 0 U du rad de E0 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
27 Damping partition numbers J x + J z + J e = 4 Typically we build rings with no vertical dispersion J 1 J 3 z Horizontal and energy partition numbers can be modified via D : J x e J x 1D J e 2 D Use of combined function magnets Shift the equilibrium orbit in quads with RF frequency Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
28 EQUILIBRIUM BEAM SIZES
29 Radiation effects in electron storage rings Average radiated power restored by RF Electron loses energy each turn RF cavities provide voltage to accelerate electrons back to the nominal energy Radiation damping Average rate of energy loss produces DAMPING of electron oscillations in all three degrees of freedom (if properly arranged!) Quantum fluctuations Statistical fluctuations in energy loss (from quantised emission of radiation) produce RANDOM EXCITATION of these oscillations Equilibrium distributions U of E 0 V RF > U 0 The balance between the damping and the excitation of the electron oscillations determines the equilibrium distribution of particles in the beam Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
30 Quantum nature of synchrotron radiation Damping only If damping was the whole story, the beam emittance (size) would shrink to microscopic dimensions!* Lots of problems! (e.g. coherent radiation) How small? On the order of electron wavelength E =mc 2 = h = hc e = 1 mc h = C e C = m Compton wavelength Diffraction limited electron emittance
31 Quantum nature of synchrotron radiation Quantum fluctuations Because the radiation is emitted in quanta, radiation itself takes care of the problem! It is sufficient to use quasi-classical picture:» Emission time is very short» Emission times are statistically independent (each emission - only a small change in electron energy) Purely stochastic (Poisson) process
32 Visible quantum effects I have always been somewhat amazed that a purely quantum effect can have gross macroscopic effects in large machines; and, even more, that Planck s constant has just the right magnitude needed to make practical the construction of large electron storage rings. A significantly larger or smaller value of would have posed serious -- perhaps insurmountable -- problems for the realization of large rings. Mathew Sands
33 Quantum excitation of energy oscillations Photons are emitted with typical energy at the rate (photons/second) Fluctuations in this rate excite oscillations During a small interval t electron emits photons u ph h typ = hc 3 N = P u ph N = N t losing energy of Actually, because of fluctuations, the number is resulting in spread in energy loss N u ph N N N u ph For large time intervals RF compensates the energy loss, providing damping towards the design energy E 0 Steady state: typical deviations from E 0 typical fluctuations in energy during a damping time e
34 Equilibrium energy spread: rough estimate We then expect the rms energy spread to be and since e E 0 P and P N u ph e N e u ph e E 0 u ph geometric mean of the electron and photon energies! Relative energy spread can be written then as: e e E e = m h 0 e c m it is roughly constant for all rings typically E 2 e E 0 ~ const ~ 10 3
35 Equilibrium energy spread More detailed calculations give for the case of an isomagnetic lattice s = 0 in dipoles elsewhere e E 2 = C q E 2 J e 0 with C q = hc m e c 2 3 = m GeV 2 It is difficult to obtain energy spread < 0.1% limit on undulator brightness!
36 Equilibrium bunch length Bunch length is related to the energy spread Energy deviation and time of arrival (or position along the bunch) are conjugate variables (synchrotron oscillations) recall that W s V RF = W s e E e = W s e E Two ways to obtain short bunches: RF voltage (power!) 1 1 V VRF RF Momentum compaction factor in the limit of = 0 isochronous ring: particle position along the bunch is frozen
37 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012 Excitation of betatron oscillations x x e x 0 e x x x x x e x E D x e e E D x e E D x e Courant Snyder invariant E D DD D x x x x e e
38 Excitation of betatron oscillations Electron emitting a photon at a place with non-zero dispersion starts a betatron oscillation around a new reference orbit x D e E Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
39 Horizontal oscillations: equilibrium Emission of photons is a random process Again we have random walk, now in x. How far particle will wander away is limited by the radiation damping The balance is achieved on the time scale of the damping time x = 2 e x e N x D 2 E Typical horizontal beam size ~ 1 mm Quantum effect visible to the naked eye! Vertical size - determined by coupling D E e
40 Beam emittance Betatron oscillations Particles in the beam execute betatron oscillations with different amplitudes. x Transverse beam distribution Gaussian (electrons) Typical particle: 1 - ellipse (in a place where = = 0) Emittance x 2 Units of e x = e x = e / m rad Area = e x x x e = x x = x x
41 Equilibrium horizontal emittance Detailed calculations for isomagnetic lattice e 2 x x0 = C qe 2 J x H mag where H = D 2 + 2DD + D 2 = 1 D 2 + D + D 2 and H mag is average value in the bending magnets
42 2-D Gaussian distribution Electron rings emittance definition 1 - ellipse x x n x dx = 1 2 e x 2 / 2 2 dx x x Area = e x Probability to be inside 1- ellipse P 1 = 1 e 1 2 = 0.39 Probability to be inside n- ellipse P n = 1 e n 2 2
43 FODO cell lattice Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
44 Emittance FODO lattice emittance 100 H ~ D 2 ~ R Q 3 10 e x0 C qe 2 J x R 1 Q 3 e E2 J x 3 F FODO Phase advance per cell [degrees] 180
45 Ionization cooling p p absorber E acceleration similar to radiation damping, but there is multiple scattering in the absorber that blows up the emittance = MS 0 >> MS to minimize the blow up due to multiple scattering in the absorber we can focus the beam Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
46 Minimum emittance lattices e C E 2 q 3 x0 θ Flatt J x F min = Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
47 Quantum limit on emittance Electron in a storage ring s dipole fields is accelerated, interacts with vacuum fluctuations: «accelerated thermometers show increased temperature» synchrotron radiation opening angle is ~ 1/g-> a lower limit on equilibrium vertical emittance independent of energy G(s) =curvature, C q = pm in case of SLS: 0.2 pm isomagnetic lattice e y 0.09pm y Mag
48 Seeing the electron beam (SLS) Making an image of the electron beam using the vertically polarised synchrotron light
49 Vertical emittance record Beam size m Emittance pm SLS beam cross section compared to a human hair: 80 m 4 m
50 Summary of radiation integrals Momentum compaction factor I 1 = D ds = I 1 2R Energy loss per turn U 0 = 1 2 C E 4 I 2 I 2 = I 3 = ds 2 ds 3 I 4 = D 2k ds I 5 = H 3 ds C = 4 3 r e m e c 2 3 = m GeV 3 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
51 Summary of radiation integrals (2) Damping parameter Damping times, partition numbers Equilibrium emittance e x0 = 2 x =C E 2 q I 5 J x D = I 4 I 2 J e = 2 + D, J x = 1 D, J y = 1 i = 0 J i Equilibrium energy spread 2 e C q E 2 = I 3 E J e I 2 0 = 2ET 0 I 2 U 0 C q = I 1 = I 2 = I 3 = D ds ds 2 ds 3 I 4 = D 2k ds I 5 = H 3 hc m e c 2 3 = H = D 2 + 2DD + D 2 ds m GeV 2 Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
52 Damping wigglers Increase the radiation loss per turn U 0 with WIGGLERS reduce damping time emittance control P E P wig wigglers at high dispersion: blow-up emittance e.g. storage ring colliders for high energy physics wigglers at zero dispersion: decrease emittance e.g. damping rings for linear colliders e.g. synchrotron light sources (PETRAIII, 1 nm.rad) Electron Dynamics, L. Rivkin, EPFL & PSI, Granada, Spain, November 2012
53 END
ELECTRON DYNAMICS with SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
ELECTRON DYNAMICS with SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Lenny Rivkin École Polythechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland CERN Accelerator School: Introduction to Accelerator
More informationLow Emittance Machines
Advanced Accelerator Physics Course RHUL, Egham, UK September 2017 Low Emittance Machines Part 1: Beam Dynamics with Synchrotron Radiation Andy Wolski The Cockcroft Institute, and the University of Liverpool,
More informationCERN Accelerator School. Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course Chios, Greece, September Low Emittance Rings
CERN Accelerator School Intermediate Accelerator Physics Course Chios, Greece, September 2011 Low Emittance Rings Part 1: Beam Dynamics with Synchrotron Radiation Andy Wolski The Cockcroft Institute, and
More informationLow Emittance Machines
CERN Accelerator School Advanced Accelerator Physics Course Trondheim, Norway, August 2013 Low Emittance Machines Part 1: Beam Dynamics with Synchrotron Radiation Andy Wolski The Cockcroft Institute, and
More informationPhase Space Study of the Synchrotron Oscillation and Radiation Damping of the Longitudinal and Transverse Oscillations
ScienceAsia 28 (2002 : 393-400 Phase Space Study of the Synchrotron Oscillation and Radiation Damping of the Longitudinal and Transverse Oscillations Balabhadrapatruni Harita*, Masumi Sugawara, Takehiko
More informationAccelerator Physics. Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE. Second Edition. S. Y.
Accelerator Physics Second Edition S. Y. Lee Department of Physics, Indiana University Tip World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI BANGALORE Contents Preface Preface
More informationSYNCHROTRON RADIATION
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Lenny Rivkin Ecole Polythechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland CERN Accelerator School: Introduction to Accelerator Physics November
More informationSuppression of Radiation Excitation in Focusing Environment * Abstract
SLAC PUB 7369 December 996 Suppression of Radiation Excitation in Focusing Environment * Zhirong Huang and Ronald D. Ruth Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University Stanford, CA 94309 Abstract
More informationSynchrotron radiation
Synchrotron radiation When a particle with velocity v is deflected it emits radiation : the synchrotron radiation. Relativistic particles emits in a characteristic cone 1/g The emitted power is strongly
More informationLow Emittance Machines
TH CRN ACCLRATOR SCHOOL CAS 9, Darmstadt, German Lecture Beam Dnamics with Snchrotron Radiation And Wolski Universit of Liverpool and the Cockcroft nstitute Wh is it important to achieve low beam emittance
More information3. Synchrotrons. Synchrotron Basics
1 3. Synchrotrons Synchrotron Basics What you will learn about 2 Overview of a Synchrotron Source Losing & Replenishing Electrons Storage Ring and Magnetic Lattice Synchrotron Radiation Flux, Brilliance
More informationAccelerator Physics Final Exam pts.
Accelerator Physics Final Exam - 170 pts. S. M. Lund and Y. Hao Graders: C. Richard and C. Y. Wong June 14, 2018 Problem 1 P052 Emittance Evolution 40 pts. a) 5 pts: Consider a coasting beam composed of
More informationTools of Particle Physics I Accelerators
Tools of Particle Physics I Accelerators W.S. Graves July, 2011 MIT W.S. Graves July, 2011 1.Introduction to Accelerator Physics 2.Three Big Machines Large Hadron Collider (LHC) International Linear Collider
More informationFirst propositions of a lattice for the future upgrade of SOLEIL. A. Nadji On behalf of the Accelerators and Engineering Division
First propositions of a lattice for the future upgrade of SOLEIL A. Nadji On behalf of the Accelerators and Engineering Division 1 SOLEIL : A 3 rd generation synchrotron light source 29 beamlines operational
More informationFEMTO - Preliminary studies of effects of background electron pulses. Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT SLS-TME-TA-00-080 October, 00 FEMTO - Preliminary studies of effects of background electron pulses Gurnam Singh Andreas Streun Paul Scherrer Institut CH-53 Villigen PSI Switzerland
More information{ } Double Bend Achromat Arc Optics for 12 GeV CEBAF. Alex Bogacz. Abstract. 1. Dispersion s Emittance H. H γ JLAB-TN
JLAB-TN-7-1 Double Bend Achromat Arc Optics for 12 GeV CEBAF Abstract Alex Bogacz Alternative beam optics is proposed for the higher arcs to limit emittance dilution due to quantum excitations. The new
More informationD. Brandt, CERN. CAS Frascati 2008 Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt 1
Accelerators for Newcomers D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Why this Introduction? During this school, you will learn about beam dynamics in a rigorous way but some of you are completely new to the field of
More informationE. Wilson - CERN. Components of a synchrotron. Dipole Bending Magnet. Magnetic rigidity. Bending Magnet. Weak focusing - gutter. Transverse ellipse
Transverse Dynamics E. Wilson - CERN Components of a synchrotron Dipole Bending Magnet Magnetic rigidity Bending Magnet Weak focusing - gutter Transverse ellipse Fields and force in a quadrupole Strong
More informationLattice Design and Performance for PEP-X Light Source
Lattice Design and Performance for PEP-X Light Source Yuri Nosochkov SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory With contributions by M-H. Wang, Y. Cai, X. Huang, K. Bane 48th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop
More information!"#$%$!&'()$"('*+,-')'+-$#..+/+,0)&,$%.1&&/$ LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS
LONGITUDINAL BEAM DYNAMICS Elias Métral BE Department CERN The present transparencies are inherited from Frank Tecker (CERN-BE), who gave this course last year and who inherited them from Roberto Corsini
More informationIntroduction to Collider Physics
Introduction to Collider Physics William Barletta United States Particle Accelerator School Dept. of Physics, MIT The Very Big Picture Accelerators Figure of Merit 1: Accelerator energy ==> energy frontier
More informationSYNCHROTRON RADIATION
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION Lenny Rivkin Ecole Polythechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland Introduction to Accelerator Physics Course CERN Accelerator School, Zakopane,
More informationPhysics 610. Adv Particle Physics. April 7, 2014
Physics 610 Adv Particle Physics April 7, 2014 Accelerators History Two Principles Electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton Van de Graaff and tandem Van de Graaff Transformers Cyclotron Betatron Linear Induction
More informationLinear Collider Collaboration Tech Notes
LCC 0035 07/01/00 Linear Collider Collaboration Tech Notes More Options for the NLC Bunch Compressors January 7, 2000 Paul Emma Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford, CA Abstract: The present bunch
More informationInsertion Devices Lecture 2 Wigglers and Undulators. Jim Clarke ASTeC Daresbury Laboratory
Insertion Devices Lecture 2 Wigglers and Undulators Jim Clarke ASTeC Daresbury Laboratory Summary from Lecture #1 Synchrotron Radiation is emitted by accelerated charged particles The combination of Lorentz
More informationMagnets and Lattices. - Accelerator building blocks - Transverse beam dynamics - coordinate system
Magnets and Lattices - Accelerator building blocks - Transverse beam dynamics - coordinate system Both electric field and magnetic field can be used to guide the particles path. r F = q( r E + r V r B
More informationBernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC
Bernhard Holzer, CERN-LHC * Bernhard Holzer, CERN CAS Prague 2014 x Liouville: in reasonable storage rings area in phase space is constant. A = π*ε=const x ε beam emittance = woozilycity of the particle
More informationLongitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN
Longitudinal dynamics Yannis PAPAPHILIPPOU CERN United States Particle Accelerator School, University of California - Santa-Cruz, Santa Rosa, CA 14 th 18 th January 2008 1 Outline Methods of acceleration
More informationIntroduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics
Introduction to Longitudinal Beam Dynamics B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract This chapter gives an overview of the longitudinal dynamics of the particles in an accelerator and, closely related
More informationPBL (Problem-Based Learning) scenario for Accelerator Physics Mats Lindroos and E. Métral (CERN, Switzerland) Lund University, Sweden, March 19-23,
PBL (Problem-Based Learning) scenario for Accelerator Physics Mats Lindroos and E. Métral (CERN, Switzerland) Lund University, Sweden, March 19-23, 2007 As each working day, since the beginning of the
More informationRF LINACS. Alessandra Lombardi BE/ ABP CERN
1 RF LINACS Alessandra Lombardi BE/ ABP CERN Contents PART 1 (yesterday) : Introduction : why?,what?, how?, when? Building bloc I (1/) : Radio Frequency cavity From an RF cavity to an accelerator PART
More informationLongitudinal Top-up Injection for Small Aperture Storage Rings
Longitudinal Top-up Injection for Small Aperture Storage Rings M. Aiba, M. Böge, Á. Saá Hernández, F. Marcellini and A. Streun Paul Scherrer Institut Introduction Lower and lower horizontal emittances
More informationLight Sources based on Storage Rings
Light Sources based on Storage Rings Lenny Rivkin Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) Electron Beam Dynamics, L. Rivkin, Introduction to Accelerator
More informationModeling CESR-c. D. Rubin. July 22, 2005 Modeling 1
Modeling CESR-c D. Rubin July 22, 2005 Modeling 1 Weak strong beambeam simulation Motivation Identify component or effect that is degrading beambeam tuneshift Establish dependencies on details of lattice
More informationTransverse dynamics Selected topics. Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, v2.21
Transverse dynamics Selected topics Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, Erik.Adli@fys.uio.no, v2.21 Dispersion So far, we have studied particles with reference momentum p = p 0. A dipole field
More informationNote. Performance limitations of circular colliders: head-on collisions
2014-08-28 m.koratzinos@cern.ch Note Performance limitations of circular colliders: head-on collisions M. Koratzinos University of Geneva, Switzerland Keywords: luminosity, circular, collider, optimization,
More informationIntroduction to Accelerator Physics 2011 Mexican Particle Accelerator School
Introduction to Accelerator Physics 2011 Mexican Particle Accelerator School Lecture 5/7: Dispersion (including FODO), Dispersion Suppressor, Light Source Lattices (DBA, TBA, TME) Todd Satogata (Jefferson
More informationPBL SCENARIO ON ACCELERATORS: SUMMARY
PBL SCENARIO ON ACCELERATORS: SUMMARY Elias Métral Elias.Metral@cern.ch Tel.: 72560 or 164809 CERN accelerators and CERN Control Centre Machine luminosity Transverse beam dynamics + space charge Longitudinal
More informationLattices for Light Sources
Andreas Streun Swiss Light Source SLS, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland Contents: Global requirements: size, brightness, stability Lattice building blocks: magnets and other devices Emittance:
More informationBeam Dynamics. D. Brandt, CERN. CAS Bruges June 2009 Beam Dynamics D. Brandt 1
Beam Dynamics D. Brandt, CERN D. Brandt 1 Some generalities D. Brandt 2 Units: the electronvolt (ev) The electronvolt (ev)) is the energy gained by an electron travelling, in vacuum, between two points
More informationOn behalf of: F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, Y. Papaphilippou (CERN), N. Milas, A. Streun (PSI/SLS), M. Pivi (SLAC), T.
On behalf of: F. Antoniou, H. Bartosik, T. Bohl, Y. Papaphilippou (CERN), N. Milas, A. Streun (PSI/SLS), M. Pivi (SLAC), T. Demma (LAL) HB2010, Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing September 17-21
More informationRADIATION SOURCES AT SIBERIA-2 STORAGE RING
RADIATION SOURCES AT SIBERIA-2 STORAGE RING V.N. Korchuganov, N.Yu. Svechnikov, N.V. Smolyakov, S.I. Tomin RRC «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia Kurchatov Center Synchrotron Radiation undulator undulator
More informationFundamentals of Accelerators
Fundamentals of Accelerators - 2015 Lecture 9 - Synchrotron Radiation William A. Barletta Director, Dept. of Physics, MIT Economics Faculty, University of Ljubljana Photon energy to frequency conversion
More informationAccelerator Physics Homework #3 P470 (Problems: 1-5)
Accelerator Physics Homework #3 P470 (Problems: -5). Particle motion in the presence of magnetic field errors is (Sect. II.2) y + K(s)y = B Bρ, where y stands for either x or z. Here B = B z for x motion,
More informationLongitudinal Dynamics
Longitudinal Dynamics F = e (E + v x B) CAS Bruges 16-25 June 2009 Beam Dynamics D. Brandt 1 Acceleration The accelerator has to provide kinetic energy to the charged particles, i.e. increase the momentum
More informationLattice Design for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) at NSRRC
Lattice Design for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) at NSRRC Chin-Cheng Kuo On behalf of the TPS Lattice Design Team Ambient Ground Motion and Civil Engineering for Low Emittance Electron Storage Ring Workshop
More informationAccelerator Physics. Accelerator Development
Accelerator Physics The Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is the first large accelerator project in Taiwan. The goal was to build a high performance accelerator which provides a powerful and versatile light source
More informationSLS at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
SLS at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland Michael Böge 1 SLS Team at PSI Michael Böge 2 Layout of the SLS Linac, Transferlines Booster Storage Ring (SR) Beamlines and Insertion Devices
More informationLow energy electron storage ring with tunable compaction factor
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 78, 075107 2007 Low energy electron storage ring with tunable compaction factor S. Y. Lee, J. Kolski, Z. Liu, X. Pang, C. Park, W. Tam, and F. Wang Department of Physics,
More informationTUNE SPREAD STUDIES AT INJECTION ENERGIES FOR THE CERN PROTON SYNCHROTRON BOOSTER
TUNE SPREAD STUDIES AT INJECTION ENERGIES FOR THE CERN PROTON SYNCHROTRON BOOSTER B. Mikulec, A. Findlay, V. Raginel, G. Rumolo, G. Sterbini, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Abstract In the near future, a new
More informationAccelerator. Physics of PEP-I1. Lecture #7. March 13,1998. Dr. John Seeman
Accelerator Physics of PEP-1 Lecture #7 March 13,1998 Dr. John Seeman Accelerator Physics of PEPJ John Seeman March 13,1998 1) What is PEP-? Lecture 1 2) 3) Beam parameters for an luminosity of 3~1~~/cm~/sec
More informationEmittance Dilution In Electron/Positron Damping Rings
Emittance Dilution In Electron/Positron Damping Rings David Rubin (for Jeremy Perrin, Mike Ehrlichman, Sumner Hearth, Stephen Poprocki, Jim Crittenden, and Suntao Wang) Outline CESR Test Accelerator Single
More informationILC Spin Rotator. Super B Workshop III. Presenter: Jeffrey Smith, Cornell University. with
ILC Spin Rotator Super B Workshop III Presenter: Jeffrey Smith, Cornell University with Peter Schmid, DESY Peter Tenenbaum and Mark Woodley, SLAC Georg Hoffstaetter and David Sagan, Cornell Based on NLC
More informationAccelerator Physics NMI and Synchrotron Radiation. G. A. Krafft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lab Lecture 16
Accelerator Physics NMI and Synchrotron Radiation G. A. Krafft Old Dominion University Jefferson Lab Lecture 16 Graduate Accelerator Physics Fall 17 Oscillation Frequency nq I n i Z c E Re Z 1 mode has
More informationMedical Linac. Block diagram. Electron source. Bending magnet. Accelerating structure. Klystron or magnetron. Pulse modulator.
Block diagram Medical Linac Electron source Bending magnet Accelerating structure Pulse modulator Klystron or magnetron Treatment head 1 Medical Linac 2 Treatment Head 3 Important Accessories Wedges Dynamic
More informationSimulations of HL-LHC Crab Cavity Noise using HEADTAIL
Simulations of HL-LHC Crab Cavity Noise using HEADTAIL A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the Physics Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment
More informationEngines of Discovery
Engines of Discovery R.S. Orr Department of Physics University of Toronto Berkley 1930 1 MeV Geneva 20089 14 TeV Birth of Particle Physics and Accelerators 1909 Geiger/Marsden MeV a backscattering - Manchester
More informationParticle physics experiments
Particle physics experiments Particle physics experiments: collide particles to produce new particles reveal their internal structure and laws of their interactions by observing regularities, measuring
More informationInvestigation of the Feasibility of a Free Electron Laser for the Cornell Electron Storage Ring and Linear Accelerator
Investigation of the Feasibility of a Free Electron Laser for the Cornell Electron Storage Ring and Linear Accelerator Marty Zwikel Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA, 50 Abstract Free
More informationparameter symbol value beam energy E 15 GeV transverse rms beam size x;y 25 m rms bunch length z 20 m charge per bunch Q b 1nC electrons per bunch N b
LCLS{TN{98{2 March 1998 SLAC/AP{109 November 1997 Ion Eects in the LCLS Undulator 1 Frank Zimmermann Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309 Abstract I calculate the
More informationEmittance preservation in TESLA
Emittance preservation in TESLA R.Brinkmann Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,Hamburg, Germany V.Tsakanov Yerevan Physics Institute/CANDLE, Yerevan, Armenia The main approaches to the emittance preservation
More information50 MeV 1.4 GeV 25GeV 450 GeV 8 TeV. Sources of emittance growth CAS 07 Liverpool. Sept D. Möhl, slide 1
* 5 KeV 750 KeV 50 MeV 1.4 GeV 5GeV 450 GeV 8 TeV Sources of emittance growth CAS 07 Liverpool. Sept. 007 D. Möhl, slide 1 Sources of Emittance Growth Dieter Möhl Menu Overview Definition of emittance,
More informationSmall Synchrotrons. Michael Benedikt. CERN, AB-Department. CAS, Zeegse, 30/05/05 Small Synchrotrons M. Benedikt 1
Small Synchrotrons Michael Benedikt CERN, AB-Department CAS, Zeegse, 30/05/05 Small Synchrotrons M. Benedikt 1 Contents Introduction Synchrotron linac - cyclotron Main elements of the synchrotron Accelerator
More informationStatus of the OSC Experiment Preparations
Status of the OSC Experiment Preparations Valeri Lebedev Contribution came from A. Romanov, M. Andorf, J. Ruan FNAL IOTA/FAST Science Program meeting Fermilab June 14, 2016 Test of OSC in Fermilab IOTA
More informationCompressor Lattice Design for SPL Beam
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN A&B DIVISION AB-Note-27-34 BI CERN-NUFACT-Note-153 Compressor Lattice Design for SPL Beam M. Aiba Abstract A compressor ring providing very short proton
More informationSBF Accelerator Principles
SBF Accelerator Principles John Seeman SLAC Frascati Workshop November 11, 2005 Topics The Collision Point Design constraints going backwards Design constraints going forward Parameter relations Luminosity
More informationILC Damping Ring Alternative Lattice Design **
ILC Damping Ring Alternative Lattice Design ** Yi-Peng Sun *,1,2, Jie Gao 1, Zhi-Yu Guo 2 1 Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing 2 Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing
More informationLHeC Recirculator with Energy Recovery Beam Optics Choices
LHeC Recirculator with Energy Recovery Beam Optics Choices Alex Bogacz in collaboration with Frank Zimmermann and Daniel Schulte Alex Bogacz 1 Alex Bogacz 2 Alex Bogacz 3 Alex Bogacz 4 Alex Bogacz 5 Alex
More informationIntroduction to particle accelerators
Introduction to particle accelerators Walter Scandale CERN - AT department Lecce, 17 June 2006 Introductory remarks Particle accelerators are black boxes producing either flux of particles impinging on
More informationLaser-Electron Storage Ring Zhirong Huang and Ronald D. Ruth Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (October 16,
SLAC{PUB{7556 September 1997 Laser-Electron Storage Ring Zhirong Huang and Ronald D. Ruth Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309 Abstract A compact laser-electron storage
More informationTransverse Beam Dynamics II
Transverse Beam Dynamics II II) The State of the Art in High Energy Machines: The Theory of Synchrotrons: Linear Beam Optics The Beam as Particle Ensemble Emittance and Beta-Function Colliding Beams &
More informationInvestigation of Coherent Emission from the NSLS VUV Ring
SPIE Accelerator Based Infrared Sources and Spectroscopic Applications Proc. 3775, 88 94 (1999) Investigation of Coherent Emission from the NSLS VUV Ring G.L. Carr, R.P.S.M. Lobo, J.D. LaVeigne, D.H. Reitze,
More informationBeam Diagnostics Lecture 3. Measuring Complex Accelerator Parameters Uli Raich CERN AB-BI
Beam Diagnostics Lecture 3 Measuring Complex Accelerator Parameters Uli Raich CERN AB-BI Contents of lecture 3 Some examples of measurements done with the instruments explained during the last 2 lectures
More informationTerahertz Coherent Synchrotron Radiation at DAΦNE
K K DAΦNE TECHNICAL NOTE INFN - LNF, Accelerator Division Frascati, July 28, 2004 Note: G-61 Terahertz Coherent Synchrotron Radiation at DAΦNE C. Biscari 1, J. M. Byrd 2, M. Castellano 1, M. Cestelli Guidi
More information3. Particle accelerators
3. Particle accelerators 3.1 Relativistic particles 3.2 Electrostatic accelerators 3.3 Ring accelerators Betatron // Cyclotron // Synchrotron 3.4 Linear accelerators 3.5 Collider Van-de-Graaf accelerator
More information10 GeV Synchrotron Longitudinal Dynamics
0 GeV Synchrotron Longitudinal Dynamics G. Dugan Laboratory of Nuclear Studies Cornell University Ithaca, NY 483 In this note, I provide some estimates of the parameters of longitudinal dynamics in the
More informationA Proposal of Harmonictron
Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Vol.77, No.2, December 2017 A Proposal of Harmonictron by Yoshiharu MORI *, Yujiro YONEMURA ** and Hidehiko ARIMA *** (Received November 17, 2017)
More informationSynchrotron Motion. RF cavities. Charged particles gain and lose energy in electric field via
217 NSRRC FEL Longitudinal Motion (SYL) 1 Synchrotron Motion RF cavities Charged particles gain and lose energy in electric field via Δ. For DC accelerators such as the Cockcroft-Walton and Van-der- Graaff
More informationResearch with Synchrotron Radiation. Part I
Research with Synchrotron Radiation Part I Ralf Röhlsberger Generation and properties of synchrotron radiation Radiation sources at DESY Synchrotron Radiation Sources at DESY DORIS III 38 beamlines XFEL
More informationBeam Optics for Parity Experiments
Beam Optics for Parity Experiments Mark Pitt Virginia Tech (DHB) Electron beam optics in the injector, accelerator, and transport lines to the experimental halls has a significant impact on helicitycorrelated
More informationOBSERVATION OF TRANSVERSE- LONGITUDINAL COUPLING EFFECT AT UVSOR-II
OBSERVATION OF TRANSVERSE- LONGITUDINAL COUPLING EFFECT AT UVSOR-II The 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC 10 Kyoto International Conference Center, May 23-28, 2010 M. Shimada (KEK),
More informationTransverse dynamics. Transverse dynamics: degrees of freedom orthogonal to the reference trajectory
Transverse dynamics Transverse dynamics: degrees of freedom orthogonal to the reference trajectory x : the horizontal plane y : the vertical plane Erik Adli, University of Oslo, August 2016, Erik.Adli@fys.uio.no,
More informationRF System Calibration Using Beam Orbits at LEP
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN SL DIVISION CERN-SL-22-28 OP LEP Energy Working Group 2/1 RF System Calibration Using Beam Orbits at LEP J. Wenninger Abstract The target for beam energy
More informationPart V Undulators for Free Electron Lasers
Part V Undulators for Free Electron Lasers Pascal ELLEAUME European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble V, 1/22, P. Elleaume, CAS, Brunnen July 2-9, 2003. Oscillator-type Free Electron Laser V, 2/22,
More informationPart II Effect of Insertion Devices on the Electron Beam
Part II Effect of Insertion Devices on the Electron Beam Pascal ELLEAUME European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble II, 1/14, P. Elleaume, CAS, Brunnen July -9, 3. Effect of an Insertion Device
More informationAccelerator Physics Issues of ERL Prototype
Accelerator Physics Issues of ERL Prototype Ivan Bazarov, Geoffrey Krafft Cornell University TJNAF ERL site visit (Mar 7-8, ) Part I (Bazarov). Optics. Space Charge Emittance Compensation in the Injector
More informationThomX Machine Advisory Committee. (LAL Orsay, March ) Ring Beam Dynamics
ThomX Machine Advisory Committee (LAL Orsay, March 20-21 2017) Ring Beam Dynamics A. Loulergue, M. Biagini, C. Bruni, I. Chaikovska I. Debrot, N. Delerue, A. Gamelin, H. Guler, J. Zang Programme Investissements
More informationCSR calculation by paraxial approximation
CSR calculation by paraxial approximation Tomonori Agoh (KEK) Seminar at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, March 3, 2006 Short Bunch Introduction Colliders for high luminosity ERL for short duration
More information6 Bunch Compressor and Transfer to Main Linac
II-159 6 Bunch Compressor and Transfer to Main Linac 6.1 Introduction The equilibrium bunch length in the damping ring (DR) is 6 mm, too long by an order of magnitude for optimum collider performance (σ
More informationPolarization studies for beam parameters of CEPC and FCCee
Polarization studies for beam parameters of CEPC and FCCee Ivan Koop, BINP, 630090 Novosibirsk IAS conference, HKUST, Hong Kong, 23.01.2018 I. Koop, IAS 2018 1 Outline Polarization specificity of CEPC
More informationChoosing the Baseline Lattice for the Engineering Design Phase
Third ILC Damping Rings R&D Mini-Workshop KEK, Tsukuba, Japan 18-20 December 2007 Choosing the Baseline Lattice for the Engineering Design Phase Andy Wolski University of Liverpool and the Cockcroft Institute
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED SCALING FFAG ACCELERATOR
APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED SCALING FFAG ACCELERATOR JB. Lagrange ), T. Planche ), E. Yamakawa ), Y. Ishi ), Y. Kuriyama ), Y. Mori ), K. Okabe ), T. Uesugi ), ) Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University,
More informationMuon Front-End without Cooling
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH Muon Front-End without Cooling CERN-Nufact-Note-59 K. Hanke Abstract In this note a muon front-end without cooling is presented. The muons are captured, rotated
More informationMODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9
MODERN OPTICS P47 Optics: Unit 9 Course Outline Unit 1: Electromagnetic Waves Unit 2: Interaction with Matter Unit 3: Geometric Optics Unit 4: Superposition of Waves Unit 5: Polarization Unit 6: Interference
More informationFree-electron laser SACLA and its basic. Yuji Otake, on behalf of the members of XFEL R&D division RIKEN SPring-8 Center
Free-electron laser SACLA and its basic Yuji Otake, on behalf of the members of XFEL R&D division RIKEN SPring-8 Center Light and Its Wavelength, Sizes of Material Virus Mosquito Protein Bacteria Atom
More informationPhotonuclear Reactions and Nuclear Transmutation. T. Tajima 1 and H. Ejiri 2
Draft Photonuclear Reactions and Nuclear Transmutation T. Tajima 1 and H. Ejiri 2 1) Kansai JAERI 2) JASRI/SPring-8, Mikazuki-cho, Sayou-gun, Hyougo, 679-5198 JAPAN Abstract Photonuclear reactions are
More informationIntroduction to electron and photon beam physics. Zhirong Huang SLAC and Stanford University
Introduction to electron and photon beam physics Zhirong Huang SLAC and Stanford University August 03, 2015 Lecture Plan Electron beams (1.5 hrs) Photon or radiation beams (1 hr) References: 1. J. D. Jackson,
More informationHigh-Resolution. Transmission. Electron Microscopy
Part 4 High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy 186 Significance high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM): resolve object details smaller than 1nm (10 9 m) image the interior of
More informationNON LINEAR PULSE EVOLUTION IN SEEDED AND CASCADED FELS
NON LINEAR PULSE EVOLUTION IN SEEDED AND CASCADED FELS L. Giannessi, S. Spampinati, ENEA C.R., Frascati, Italy P. Musumeci, INFN & Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy Abstract
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.acc-ph] 22 Aug 2014
THE SYNCHROTRON MOTION SIMULATOR FOR ADIABATIC CAPTURE STUDY IN THE TLS BOOSTER Cheng-Chin Chiang Taipei Taiwan arxiv:.7v [physics.acc-ph] Aug Abstract The synchrotron motion simulator is invented to simulate
More information