Reflex-Radar BM 100 A
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1 KROHNE 09/ GR/PRINTO Reflex-Radar The universal TDR level gauge for liquids, solids and interface Variable area flowmeters Vortex flowmeters Flow controllers Electromagnetic flowmeters Ultrasonic flowmeters Mass flowmeters Level measuring instruments Communications engineering Engineering systems & solutions
2 Reflex-Radar The universal level gauge that measures level and interface simultaneously Turbulent product surface, dust, vapour and foam have no effect on results No calibration needed Suitable for all tank shapes Operating principle The operates on the TDR principle ( Time Domain Reflectometry) which is commonly used for discontinuity tests along a probe. Micropulses are sent along a probe guide at the velocity of light. As soon as the pulse reaches the product surface, it reflects back to the electronics. For interface detection only a part of the pulses is reflected at the surface of the liquid. The residual wave continues along the conductors through the first product layer until reflected by the interface level. Since the velocity of light is a uniform, fixed constant in air or gases, the measurement is not affected by any product variation. For more details see page 45. High reliability and repeatability ± 1 mm, accuracy ±5 mm Insensitive to dielectric, temperature and pressure variations No moving parts, maintenance free Measuring range up to 60 m / 200 ft Twin or mono probe, coated versions for adhesive products 98
3 Probe selection guide Coaxial Type C Twin rods Type A Twin cables Type B Single cable / rod Type E/F Product Overview Tank height 6 m (20 ft) LPG, LNG, solvents, NH 3, foam, alcohol, oil/water separators For clean liquids level and interface measurement Liquid agitation or flow the coax acts as a stilling well Liquid or vapour spray near the probe Can be heated Contact possible with metallic objects or tank wall Very low εr liquids Crystallizing liquids Liquids with solid particles Scaling products Powders Viscous fluids (e.g. crude oil) Tank height 6 m (20 ft) All liquid applications; NH 3, solvents, oil, LPG, etc. For storage tank Measurement of liquid, powder, granulate levels and interface detection For all others applications Probes available in special materials (e.g. tantalum) For minimum bottom dead zone in small tanks (no counterweight) Risk of contact with objects inside tank Product temperature > 240 C (464 F) (max. limit with optional PTFE spacers) Main applications: Tank height 60 m (198 ft) Tank farms Plastic granule silos (light powders with low εr) LPG, LNG, NH 3, alcohol Water storage tanks Recommended in the following cases: For tall silos or tanks with liquids, interface Avoid in the following cases: For tanks with little headroom For small nozzles Close-to-wall mounting possible For low εr Agitated liquids without probe anchoring Product temperature >240 C (464 F) (max. limit with optional PTFE spacers) Cement, limestone, flyash, alumina Highly viscous liquids Plastic powder, e.g. PVC Plastic granule silos For clean and contaminated liquids or fine powders Also for all viscous liquids For reference vessels or still wells (calibration required) With FEP coating for crystallizing products Highly conductive foams High-temperature applications Small nozzle diameters (< DN 100) Large nozzle heights Continuous, non-contact Switches Ultrasonic Radar Ultrasonic Buoyancy Capacitance Vibration Continuous, contact Ultrasonic Buoyancy TDR 99
4 Operating principle We distinguish two different measurement methods: 1. direct mode for products with a dielectric constant εr TBF mode for products with a dielectric constant εr < 1.8. Dust, vapor, and foam do not affect the level measurement. The precision of the measurement is independent of temperature, pressure, dielectric constant variations and tank shap. signal 1 Products with a dielectric constant εr 1.8 In this application the works in the direct mode, which means that the reflection from the product surface is used directly for measurement of the level. Two different applications are possible: a) level measurement b) interface detection time ˆ= distance a) Level measurement Flange reflection Level reflection Interface reflection The micropulse is reflected from the first product surface and is received by the receiver on top of the tank. The return time of the wave pulse is directly proportional to the distance between the top of the tank and the surface of the product (level). b) Interface detection Interface detection can only be made if the first layer has a lower dielectric constant than the second and if the difference between the two dielectric constants is greater than 10. For measuring the interface level the uses the residual wave of the first reflection. This micropulse continues along the conductors through the first product layer until reflected by the interface level. The speed of this micropulse depends on the dielectric constant of the first product. This means that we have to know the εr of this first layer to determine the interface level. The instrument measures time between emission and second reflection. Since we know the time between emission and first reflection (from level measurement) the difference between the two gives the transit time through the first layer. The thickness of the layer is directly proportional to the time and εr. If the dielectric constant is unknown, it can be estimated and adjusted after installation. The εr of the product can also be measured by the. Please contact KROHNE for details. Level and interface measuring in direct mode 100
5 2 Products with a dielectric constant εr < 1.8 To measure the level of low dielectric products due to the poor reflection of the pulse on the surface of the product. The Tank Bottom Following Principle (TBF) is used. Here, the instrument has a short circuit at the bottom end at a precisely known length. The pulse travels through the air with the velocity of light and then passes through the product at a slower speed depending on the dielectric constant of the product. At the short circuit (end of probe) the signal is reflected. 2 Products with a dielectric constant εr < 1.8 The instrument measures the time between emission and reception from the bottom. Because we know the return time in air when no product is in the tank, we can deduce that the difference in time between the two is directly proportional to the product level in the tank. The accuracy in the measurement TBF-mode is less than in the direct mode. Product Overview Vibration signal Flange reflection Continuous, non-contact Switches Ultrasonic Radar Ultrasonic Buoyancy Capacitance Continuous, contact Ultrasonic Buoyancy TDR Probe end reflection empty tank Probe end reflection filled tank time ˆ= distance Level measuring with TBF mode 101
6 Technical data Functions Level and liquid interface measurement, storage of granular and bulk products Measurement range 3 m Mono rod (type F) 24 m Mono cable (type E) 6 m Twin rod (type A) / Coax (type C) 60 m Twin cable (type B) 40 m Mono cable (type K) Accuracy Direct Mode TBF Mode Resolution / repeatability Dielectric constant L 6 m : ± 3 mm (5 mm for E/F/K) out of dead zone L > 6 m add ±0.01% of reading Powders ±10 mm ±100 mm or ±20 mm when εr = constant 1 mm 1.6 for interface measurement 1.05 for other measurements Probe types / Materials All probes Stainless steel 316/ 316 L Mono rod Hastelloy C276, titanium, tantalum Twin rod Hastelloy C22, FEP coated other materials and coating on request Dead zone See Dimensions, optional no dead zone Operating pressure 1 40 bar ( psig) Option: 100 bar (1450 psig) Operating temperature Flange temperature C ( F) for Ex; 200 C (392 F) for non-ex Product temperature C ( F) for Ex; 200 C (392 F) non-ex (rod probe) probe with Tefzel spacers 240 C (465 F) non-ex for rod probe with PTFE spacers higher on request Temperature drift 0.01%/ C Ambient temperature C ( F), 20 C ( 4 F) for the indicator Connection flanges Standard DN 100, PN 16 Coax probe G1 for others see Ordering Code Protection IP 67 Power supply 24 V AC/DC or 110 to 240 V AC 10%, 15%, max. consumption 9 VA Current outputs 1 passive ouput as standard Option 2 passive current outputs 1 active current output with max. 350 Ω Communication KROHNE Smart or HART selectable on the first output Field bus RS 485 with KROHNE protocol, PROFIBUS-PA (FF) (optional with 1 passive 4 20 ma output) Approvals see Approvals CENELEC PTB, ATEX, FM, GL EMC EN EN Display backlit LCD with three magnetic sensors for programming with a magnetic pointer 1st line 8 digits 2nd line 10 characters 3rd line 6 markers Languages English, French, German Weight without probes no-eex: 8 kg EEx with DN 50 flange: 9 kg Rods: DN 10: 1.24 kg/m 6 mm cables: 0.28 kg/m 3 kg for counter weight (DN 50) Coaxial: 1.1 kg/m Materials Housing Aluminium with epoxy coating. Wetted parts Stainless steel 316 L /316, PTFE, ceramic, hastelloy, titanium, tantalum Gaskets Viton, optional Kalrez
7 Dimensions Housing Standard version Ex version Product Overview 2 x PG 16 Probes 258 (10.2 ) Dimensions in mm (inches) Type A Twin Rod version L A2 A1 ø 122 (4.8 ) 208 (8.2 ) Type B Twin Cable version L A2 A1 Type C Coaxial version L' L 2 x PG 16 A2 A1 L 343 (13.5 ) ø 122 (4.8 ) Type E Single cable version A2 A1 L 234 (9.2 ) Type F Single Rod version A2 A1 Vibration Continuous, non-contact Switches Ultrasonic Radar Ultrasonic Buoyancy Capacitance D L = Length (L = Length for coax with flange); A1 = Top Dead Zone; A2 = Bottom Non-Linear Zone; D = Non-Measurement Zone εr Zone Probe type A Probe type B Probe type C Probe Type E Probe type F 80 A1 300 mm (11.8 ) 300 mm (11.8 ) 300 mm (11.8 ) 400 mm (15.7 ) 400 mm (15.7 ) 80 A2 10 mm (0.4 ) 10 mm (0.4 ) 45 mm (1.8 ) 10 mm (0.4 ) 10 mm (0.4 ) 2 A1 330 mm (13 ) 330 mm (13 ) 330 mm (13 ) 500 mm (19.7 ) 500 mm (19.7 ) 2 A2 100 mm (3.9 ) 100 mm (3.9 ) 135 mm (5.3 ) 200 mm (7.9 ) 200 mm (7.9 ) D 300 mm # (11.8 ) 300 mm# (11.8 ) D Continuous, contact Ultrasonic Buoyancy TDR #or less on request, min. value is 75 mm (3.0 ) 103
8 Electrical connections Option 4 I 1 I 1 D D ma 24 V AC/DC or PROFIBUS-PA V AC or Fieldbus Foundation Option 3 B A RS 485 Option 2 U I 2 Passive U max. = 30V R max. = U Ω Option 1* I 1 Active Smart/Hart 350 Ω Max. Standard *Option 1 can not *combined with Option 2 U I 1 Passive Smart/Hart PE U max. = 30V R max. = U Ω L/ N/ not used For EEx i: For EEx i: The wiring should be done according to the intrinsically safe regulation. Use adapted barriers only with HART protocol compatibility if you wish to access the remote configuration funtion. If not, use an EExi HART hand held terminal. We recommend an active barrier including 24 VDC power supply for the loop. With the two passive analogue output configuration, use four wires for the barriers connection. The maximum values of the equipement have to satisfy the values of the outputs as follow (for more information refer to the certificates of conformity). Ui li Pi Ci Li 30 V 250 ma 1W 5 nf 10 µh In active mode, the maximum electrical values for terminal 4, which is the source for the output, are: Uo Io Po Co Lo 23.5 V 98 ma 0.6 W 110 nf 3.98 mh 104
9 PC Star (1.10 or 1.20) PC Star is an unique Windows based software tool for remote communications and configuration of the. PC Star is compatible with Windows 3.x, Windows 9x and Windows NT. Configuration: Displays all configuration parameters Display: Trend: Graphically represents the display of the in real time, with active bottoms Historic for the duration of the connection or recording, showing the change in level Signal screen: Graphical representation of product reflections Product Overview Vibration Markers: Historic for the duration of the connection or recording, showing the error flags and error messages. Smart connection PC Star The has as standard the ability to communicate over a SMART (KROHNE protocol) or HART signal superimposed on the current output I1 (default setting is SMART). For the RS 485 digital output option, the KROHNE SMART protocol is used. Once connected the following functions are displayed: Opening Window Date, time and version Current and Distance/Level bar Status bar (Communication COM1 / Recording / Record Reading) Display of Menu Smart connection PC Star The KROHNE communication software PC Star uses the KROHNE SMART protocol and can be connected either via the current output (with HART /RS 232 adapter) or RS 485 output (with RS 485 / RS 232 adapter). Continuous, non-contact Switches Ultrasonic Buoyancy Capacitance Ultrasonic Radar Approvals CENELEC PTB EEx de [ia] IIC/IIB T6 T3 EEx d [ia] IIC/IIB T6 T3 Zone 0, (for coated probes and flexible monos: IIB) Intrinsically safe outputs as option ATEX II 1 /2 G EEx d [ia] IIB/IIC T6 T3 EEx de [ia] IIB/IIC T6 T3 ATEX II 1 /2 D T C EEx d [ia] IIC T6 T3 EEx de [ia] IIC T6 T3 FM Project ID GL Certificate n HH Continuous, contact Ultrasonic Buoyancy TDR 105
10 Ordering Code * * JIS flanges on demand 106
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