Detectors & Beams. Giuliano Franchetti and Alberica Toia Goethe University Frankfurt GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Detectors & Beams. Giuliano Franchetti and Alberica Toia Goethe University Frankfurt GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung"

Transcription

1 Detectors & Beams Giuliano Franchetti and Alberica Toia Goethe University Frankfurt GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Pro-seminar Winter Semester DPG Spring Meeting Giuliano Franchetti & Alberica Toia2015 Heidelberg March 1

2 Organization Language: English Lecture: Wednesday 09:00-11:00 Phys Credits: 4CP Office hours: tbd on demand 2

3 Info: and Website Website: 3

4 Introduction General bases of measurements and detectors 4

5 Measurements in heavy ion collisions Interaction of particle with matter Particle detectors Measurement of charged particles Charge and momentum deflection in the magnetic field Mass (particle identification) - specific energy loss - velocity (flight time, Cherenkov radiation,...) - Total energy - penetration calorimetry (measurement of muons) Measurement of neutral particles Reconstruction from measurements of the decay products calorimetry photon conversion Examples from real experiments 5

6 General demands on particle detectors Particle detection Momentum or energy measurement Particle identication: electron - pion - kaon... Reconstruction of the invariant mass of decay products m2inv = ( i pi )2, four-momenta Missing Mass" or Missing Energy" for undetected particles like neutrinos Sensitivity to lifetime or decay length 6

7 Interaction of particles with matter Energy loss by ionization (heavy particles) Interaction of electrons Energy loss by Ionization Bremsstrahlung Cherenkov effect Transition radiation Interaction of photons Photo-effect Compton scattering Pair Production 7

8 Particle Detectors Gas detectors Semiconductors Scintillation counters Electromagnetic Calorimeters Hadronic Calorimeters (Detection of neutral particles: neutrons and neutrinos) 8

9 Momentum Measurements For fixed B and q the momentum p is proportional to the radius of curvature 9

10 Forwards spectrometers: Deflection (z,y) mainly fixed target experiments or forward spectrometers Cylindrical detectors: Deflection (x,y) - Solenoid: + Large homogeneous field inside - Weak opposite field in return yoke - Size limited by cost - Relatively large material budget - Toroidal + Field always perpendicular to p + Rel. large fields over large volume + low material budget - Non-uniform field - Complex structural design Momentum Resolution Sagitta method degrades linearly with momentum Improves linearly with B field Improves quadratically with radial extension of detector circle fit through measurement points along the track with point resolution x for each point 10

11 Tracker Technologies 2 major technologies are used for tracking detectors Gaseous detectors Ionization in gas (creation of electron-ion pair) O(100 e/cm) Not sufficient to create significant signal height above noise for standard amplitudes Gas amplification needed to reach sufficient signal height above noise Silicon detectors Ionization (creation of electron-ion pair) in solid state material O(100 e/ m) No amplification needed 11

12 Gas detectors 12

13 Ionization chamber no gas gain, charges move in electric field and induce signal in electrodes. 2 electrodes form parallel plate capacitor. Proportional Counter gas amplification with a gas gain in vicinity of wire Multi-wire proportional chamber MWPC planar arrangement of proportional counters without separating walls Drift chamber needs well defined drift field introduction of additional field wires in between anode wires. number of anode wires can be reduced wrt MWPC at improved spatial resolution (but affected by diffusion) Time Projection Chamber 3-dimensional measurement of a track (mostly) cylindrical detector central HV cathode + MWPCs at the endcaps of the cylinder electrons drift in homogenous electric fields towards MWPC, where arrival time and point and amount of charge are continuously sampled + complete track determination good momentum measurement + relatively few wires (mechanical advantage) + since also charge is measured: particle identication via de/dx + drift parallel to B transverse diffusion suppressed - drift time: relatively long - tens of microseconds - large data volume 13

14 Semiconductor detectors 14

15 Position measurement with semiconductor detectors segmentation of readout electrodes into strips, pads,pixels -tracking of particles close to primary vertex before multiple scattering -identification of secondary vertices Micro-strip detectors principle and segmentation see above typical pitch m width of charge distribution = 10 m signal in 300 m Si: = e for minimum ionizing particles order 100 channels/cm2 Silicon drift detectors potential inside wafer, analog to gaseous drift chambers: charge carriers drifting in well-defined E-field measurement of drift time position of ionizing track typical drift time: a few s for 5-10 cm Pixel detectors principle: like micro-strips, but 2-dimensional segmentation of p+ contacts: 'pixel` each pixel connected to bias voltage and readout electronics + 2-dim information like double-sided micro-strip, but more simultaneous hits per detector + low capacity and thus low noise good S/N - large number of read-out channels expensive, large data volume - pixel contacts are complicated typical pixel areas 2000 m2 order 5000 channels/cm2 15

16 Particle Identification 16

17 Special Signatures 17

18 Energy loss by ionization 18

19 Energy loss by ionization at low energies / velocities decrease as approx. ~1/ 2 up to > 1 broad minimum at = MeV cm2/g `minimally ionizing particle' logarithmic rise and `Fermi plateau' caused by growth of the transverse component of the E field of the particle with γ more pronounced for gases (50%) than for solids (10%) very low velocities (v < v cannot electron be treated this way) 19

20 Interaction of electrons Energy loss by ionization 20

21 Bremsstrhalung 21

22 Interaction of photons with matter 22

23 Total absorption cross-section Total cross-sections: σ = σf + σc + σp Multiply by number of atoms per volume unit N: μ= Nσ= N a ρσ A Na Avogadro constant, A atomic mass, ρ material density μ total absorption coefficient inverse value of mean free path of photon at material di = -μ I dx Equation for decreasing of photon number: I e x I0 23

24 Electron Photon Showers Combined effect of pair production and brammstrhalung for high energy photons - photon (E0) converts in matter into e+ e- pair (E0/2) - e+ and e- then emit energetic bremmstrhalung photons creation of an electromagnetic shower continues until the energy of the e+e- produced drops below the critical energy Ec when they lose energy by atomic collisions rather than bremmstrhalung Number of cascade particles increases geometrically: N(t) = 2t Mean energy of particles ε is: (t ) E E t 2 N (t ) Multiplication continues up to critical energy EC Maximal number of particles NMAX at deepness tmax N MAX ~ N MAX ~ E N (t MAX ) EC E N (t MAX ) EC tmax ~ ln Є Radiation length of material X0 : distance over which electron energy is reduced E E/e due to radiation loss only /2 1/4 1/8 Width of electromagnetic shower Moliere radius R0 ~ cm (about 90% of shower energy is inside) t N(t) ε(t)/e 24

25 EM Calorimeter 2 different types of detectors homogeneous calorimeter (lead glass, lead tungstate, barium fluoride) Sampling calorimeter (scintillator + absorber) as hadronic calorimeter ( 10 times the interaction length) Energy resolution Optical fiber collects light Bremsstrahlung effective cross-section decreases with 1 / m4 only applicable for the measurement of e ±, γ 25

26 Cherenkov effect 26

27 Cherenkov detectors Threshold Cherenkov radiation observed > thr separation for a given momentum RICH measurement of c in medium with known n optics such that photons under certain focus on a ring of radius r 27

28 Transition Radiation Emission angle θ ~ 1 / the direction of the particle trajectory ω~ ω Emission of X-ray quanta (kev) P for > 1000 more boundary layers Interference Yield per boundary layer is proportional to α = 1/137 for the emission of a photon ~ 100 boundary layers are necessary! 28

29 Transition Radiation Detectors 29

30 Time of Flight 30

31 The time a relativistic particle, traveling at velocity v, covers a path of length L is: where E and pc are the particle energy and momentum where t0=l/c is the time taken by a particle traveling at the speed of light 31

32 Resistive parallel chambers 32

33 ALICE TOF: large coverage and high granularity Particle ID in high multiplicity environment... - Large array to cover whole ALICE barrel: 160 m2-100 ps time resolution - Highly segmented: 160,000 channels of size 2.5 x 3.5 cm2 to cope with very high multiplicity events TOF 33

34 Muon Measurements Momentum measurement: easy Track reconstruction in the magnetic field Identification: difficult de / dx: difficult to separate pions (mμ mπ) Tome of Flight: difficult to separate pions (mμ mπ) Cherenkov: difficult to separate pions (mμ mπ) TR: TR not produced by muons Calorimetry: no showers production by muons Identification of decay products: rejected because muon to long-lived (τ = 2.2 microseconds) Absorber technology: muons penetrating more than other particles (except neutrinos) absorber thickness of several 34

35 Comparison different PID methods for K/ separation 35

36 Decay Particles Invariant Mass Combinatorial background Event topology 36

37 Invariant Mass 37

38 Event topology Impact Parameter: Prolongation of a track to the primary vertex. Distance between primary vertex and prolongation is called impact parameter. If this number is large the probability is high that the track comes from a secondary vertex. 38

39 Impact parameter resolution 39

40 Examle: ALICE Silicon Tracker 40

41 Real Life Examples: multi-detector complex 41

42 ALICE: A Large Ion Collider Experiment 42

43 ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS 43

44 ATLAS: A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS 44

45 CMS: Compact Muon Solenoid 45

46 CMS: Compact Muon Solenoid 46

47 Extra 47

48 Forward Spectrometers Deflection in (y-z) plane 48

49 49

50 ALICE 50

51 Momentum Resolution Worsen momentum resolution 51

52 Magnets for 4 Detectors Solenoid Toroid + Large homogeneous field inside - Weak opposite field in return yoke Size limited by cost - Relatively large material budget Examples: Delphi: SC, 1.2 T, 5.2 m, L 7.4 m L3: NC, 0.5 T, 11.9 m, L 11.9 m CMS: SC, 4 T, 5.9 m, L 12.5 m + Field always perpendicular to p + Rel. large fields over large volume + Rel. low material budget - Non-uniform field - Complex structural design Example: ATLAS: Barrel air toroid, SC, ~1 T, 9.4 m, L 24.3 m 52

53 Solenoidal and Toroidal fields at colliders Deflection in (x-y) plane 53

54 54

55 Sagitta method 55

56 Sagitta/radius obtained by a circle fit through measurement points along the track with point resolution x for each point Resolution: degrades linearly with momentum Improves linearly with B field Improves quadratically with radial extension of detector 56

57 Toroidal fields 57

58 58

59 Energy Loss de/dx Relativistic rise: due to Landau tail large overlap many measurements of de/dx likelihood 59

60 Bremsstrhalung 60

61 Photo Effect If E is high enough (Eγ > BeK binding energy on K-shell) the photo-effect will pass almost only on these electrons K(L,M)Edges: drop where K(L,M)-electrons are no longer available 61

62 Compton Scattering Compton Scattering Scattered photon energy Reflected electron energy We assumed: 1) scattering on free electron (E γ>>be) 2) electron is in the rest Giuliano Franchetti Albericatransferred Toia Distribution of & energy to electrons 62

63 Pair Production 63

64 Cherenkov detectors 64

65 /K/p separation with several Cherenkov thresholds 65

66 66

67 Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) 67

68 Example: CERES RICH event display 68

69 Example: K/p separation at p=200gev 69

70 DIRC: Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light 70

71 Time of flight method 71

72 72

73 73

74 Resistive parallel chambers 74

75 Multi-gap resistive plate chambers 75

76 ALICE TOF: large coverage and high granularity Particle ID in high multiplicity environment... - Large array to cover whole ALICE barrel: 160 m2-100 ps time resolution - Highly segmented: 160,000 channels of size 2.5 x 3.5 cm2 to cope with very high multiplicity events TOF 76

Nuclear and Particle Physics 4b Physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma

Nuclear and Particle Physics 4b Physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma Nuclear and Particle Physics 4b Physics of the Quark Gluon Plasma Goethe University Frankfurt GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Lectures and Exercise Summer Semester 2016 1 Organization Language:

More information

Particle Detectors A brief introduction with emphasis on high energy physics applications

Particle Detectors A brief introduction with emphasis on high energy physics applications Particle Detectors A brief introduction with emphasis on high energy physics applications TRIUMF Summer Institute 2006 July 10-21 2006 Lecture I measurement of ionization and position Lecture II scintillation

More information

Last Lecture 1) Silicon tracking detectors 2) Reconstructing track momenta

Last Lecture 1) Silicon tracking detectors 2) Reconstructing track momenta Last Lecture 1) Silicon tracking detectors 2) Reconstructing track momenta Today s Lecture: 1) Electromagnetic and hadronic showers 2) Calorimeter design Absorber Incident particle Detector Reconstructing

More information

PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics. Lecture 25. Particle Detectors

PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics. Lecture 25. Particle Detectors PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics Lecture 25 Particle Detectors http://pdg.lbl.gov/2006/reviews/contents_sports.html S(T ) = dt dx nz = ρa 0 Units for energy loss Minimum ionization in thin solids Z/A

More information

Content. Complex Detector Systems. Calorimeters Velocity Determination. Semiconductor detectors. Scintillation detectors. Cerenkov detectors

Content. Complex Detector Systems. Calorimeters Velocity Determination. Semiconductor detectors. Scintillation detectors. Cerenkov detectors Semiconductor detectors Semiconductor basics Sensor concepts Readout electronics Scintillation detectors General characteristics Organic materials Inorganic materials Light output response Calorimeters

More information

Experimental Methods of Particle Physics

Experimental Methods of Particle Physics Experimental Methods of Particle Physics (PHY461) Fall 015 Olaf Steinkamp 36-J- olafs@physik.uzh.ch 044 63 55763 Overview 1) Introduction / motivation measurement of particle momenta: magnetic field early

More information

Interaction of particles in matter

Interaction of particles in matter Interaction of particles in matter Particle lifetime : N(t) = e -t/ Particles we detect ( > 10-10 s, c > 0.03m) Charged particles e ± (stable m=0.511 MeV) μ ± (c = 659m m=0.102 GeV) ± (c = 7.8m m=0.139

More information

Lecture 2 & 3. Particles going through matter. Collider Detectors. PDG chapter 27 Kleinknecht chapters: PDG chapter 28 Kleinknecht chapters:

Lecture 2 & 3. Particles going through matter. Collider Detectors. PDG chapter 27 Kleinknecht chapters: PDG chapter 28 Kleinknecht chapters: Lecture 2 & 3 Particles going through matter PDG chapter 27 Kleinknecht chapters: 1.2.1 for charged particles 1.2.2 for photons 1.2.3 bremsstrahlung for electrons Collider Detectors PDG chapter 28 Kleinknecht

More information

The LHC Experiments. TASI Lecture 2 John Conway

The LHC Experiments. TASI Lecture 2 John Conway The LHC Experiments TASI 2006 - Lecture 2 John Conway Outline A. Interactions of Particles With Matter B. Tracking Detectors C. Calorimetry D. CMS and ATLAS Design E. The Mystery of Triggering F. Physics

More information

AIM AIM. Study of Rare Interactions. Discovery of New High Mass Particles. Energy 500GeV High precision Lots of events (high luminosity) Requirements

AIM AIM. Study of Rare Interactions. Discovery of New High Mass Particles. Energy 500GeV High precision Lots of events (high luminosity) Requirements AIM AIM Discovery of New High Mass Particles Requirements Centre-of-Mass energy > 1000GeV High Coverage Study of Rare Interactions Requirements Energy 500GeV High precision Lots of events (high luminosity)

More information

7 Particle Identification. Detectors for Particle Physics Manfred Krammer Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna, Austria

7 Particle Identification. Detectors for Particle Physics Manfred Krammer Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna, Austria 7 Particle Identification Detectors for Particle Physics Manfred Krammer Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna, Austria 7.0 Content 7.1 Methods for Particle Identification 7.2 Mass of Charged Particles

More information

Detectors for High Energy Physics

Detectors for High Energy Physics Detectors for High Energy Physics Ingrid-Maria Gregor, DESY DESY Summer Student Program 2017 Hamburg July 26th/27th Disclaimer Particle Detectors are very complex, a lot of physics is behind the detection

More information

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics Particle Detectors Summer Student Lectures 2010 Werner Riegler, CERN, werner.riegler@cern.ch History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics The Real World of Particles Interaction of Particles

More information

Interaction of particles with matter - 2. Silvia Masciocchi, GSI and University of Heidelberg SS2017, Heidelberg May 3, 2017

Interaction of particles with matter - 2. Silvia Masciocchi, GSI and University of Heidelberg SS2017, Heidelberg May 3, 2017 Interaction of particles with matter - 2 Silvia Masciocchi, GSI and University of Heidelberg SS2017, Heidelberg May 3, 2017 Energy loss by ionization (by heavy particles) Interaction of electrons with

More information

Experimental Particle Physics

Experimental Particle Physics Experimental Particle Physics Particle Interactions and Detectors Lecture 2 2nd May 2014 Fergus Wilson, RAL 1/31 How do we detect particles? Particle Types Charged (e - /K - /π - ) Photons (γ) Electromagnetic

More information

Experimental Particle Physics

Experimental Particle Physics Experimental Particle Physics Particle Interactions and Detectors Lecture 2 17th February 2010 Fergus Wilson, RAL 1/31 How do we detect particles? Particle Types Charged (e - /K - /π - ) Photons (γ) Electromagnetic

More information

Tracking detectors for the LHC. Peter Kluit (NIKHEF)

Tracking detectors for the LHC. Peter Kluit (NIKHEF) Tracking detectors for the LHC Peter Kluit (NIKHEF) Overview lectures part I Principles of gaseous and solid state tracking detectors Tracking detectors at the LHC Drift chambers Silicon detectors Modeling

More information

pp physics, RWTH, WS 2003/04, T.Hebbeker

pp physics, RWTH, WS 2003/04, T.Hebbeker 3. PP TH 03/04 Accelerators and Detectors 1 pp physics, RWTH, WS 2003/04, T.Hebbeker 2003-12-16 1.2.4. (Inner) tracking and vertexing As we will see, mainly three types of tracking detectors are used:

More information

The ATLAS Detector - Inside Out Julia I. Hofmann

The ATLAS Detector - Inside Out Julia I. Hofmann The ATLAS Detector - Inside Out Julia I. Hofmann KIP Heidelberg University Outline: 1st lecture: The Detector 2nd lecture: The Trigger 3rd lecture: The Analysis (mine) Motivation Physics Goals: Study Standard

More information

What detectors measure

What detectors measure What detectors measure As a particle goes through matter, it releases energy Detectors collect the released energy and convert it to electric signals recorded by DAQ Raw event record is a collection of

More information

7. Particle identification

7. Particle identification 7. Particle identification in general, momentum of a particle measured in a spectrometer and another observable is used to identity the species velocity time-of-flight Cherenkov threshold transition radiation

More information

Photons: Interactions

Photons: Interactions Photons: Interactions Photons appear in detector systems as primary photons, created in Bremsstrahlung and de-excitations Photons are also used for medical applications, both imaging and radiation treatment.

More information

CMS: Tracking in a State of Art Experiment

CMS: Tracking in a State of Art Experiment Novel Tracking Detectors CMS: Tracking in a State of Art Experiment Luigi Moroni INFN Milano-Bicocca Introduction to Tracking at HE Will try to give you some ideas about Tracking in a modern High Energy

More information

The ALICE Experiment Introduction to relativistic heavy ion collisions

The ALICE Experiment Introduction to relativistic heavy ion collisions The ALICE Experiment Introduction to relativistic heavy ion collisions 13.06.2012 Introduction to relativistic heay ion collisions Anna Eichhorn 1 Facts about ALICE ALICE A Large Ion Collider Experiment

More information

Experimental Particle Physics Informal Lecture & Seminar Series Lecture 1 Detectors Overview

Experimental Particle Physics Informal Lecture & Seminar Series Lecture 1 Detectors Overview Experimental Particle Physics Informal Lecture & Seminar Series 2013 Lecture 1 Detectors Overview Detectors in Particle Physics Let s talk about detectors for a bit. Let s do this with Atlas and CMS in

More information

Experimental Particle Physics

Experimental Particle Physics Experimental Particle Physics Particle Interactions and Detectors 20th February 2007 Fergus Wilson, RAL 1 How do we detect Particles? Particle Types Charged (e - /K - /π - ) Photons (γ) Electromagnetic

More information

Hadronic Calorimetry

Hadronic Calorimetry Hadronic Calorimetry Urs Langenegger (Paul Scherrer Institute) Fall 2014 ALEPH hadronic showers compensation detector effects neutron detection Hadronic showers simulations 50 GeV proton into segmented

More information

PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics. Lecture 24. Exam 2 Particle Detectors

PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics. Lecture 24. Exam 2 Particle Detectors PHY492: Nuclear & Particle Physics Lecture 24 Exam 2 Particle Detectors Exam 2 April 16, 2007 Carl Bromberg - Prof. of Physics 2 Exam 2 2. Short Answer [4 pts each] a) To describe the QCD color quantum

More information

Detectors for Particle Physics. Lecture 2: Drift detectors Muon detectors MWPC, CSC, RPC, TRT, TPC, Cherenkov

Detectors for Particle Physics. Lecture 2: Drift detectors Muon detectors MWPC, CSC, RPC, TRT, TPC, Cherenkov Detectors for Particle Physics Lecture 2: Drift detectors Muon detectors MWPC, CSC, RPC, TRT, TPC, Cherenkov Outline Lecture 1: Collider detectors Charged particles in a magnetic field Silicon detectors

More information

Electromagnetic and hadronic showers development. G. Gaudio, M. Livan The Art of Calorimetry Lecture II

Electromagnetic and hadronic showers development. G. Gaudio, M. Livan The Art of Calorimetry Lecture II Electromagnetic and hadronic showers development 1 G. Gaudio, M. Livan The Art of Calorimetry Lecture II Summary (Z dependence) Z Z 4 5 Z(Z + 1) Z Z(Z + 1) 2 A simple shower 3 Electromagnetic Showers Differences

More information

Hadronic Calorimetry

Hadronic Calorimetry Hadronic Calorimetry Urs Langenegger (Paul Scherrer Institute) Fall 2015 ALEPH Hadronic showers Compensation Neutron detection Hadronic showers simulations 50 GeV proton into segmented iron (simulation)

More information

Calorimetry I Electromagnetic Calorimeters

Calorimetry I Electromagnetic Calorimeters Calorimetry I Electromagnetic Calorimeters Introduction Calorimeter: Detector for energy measurement via total absorption of particles... Also: most calorimeters are position sensitive to measure energy

More information

PERFORMANCE OF THE ATLAS MUON TRIGGER IN RUN 2

PERFORMANCE OF THE ATLAS MUON TRIGGER IN RUN 2 PERFORMANCE OF THE ATLAS MUON TRIGGER IN RUN 2 M.M. Morgenstern On behalf of the ATLAS collaboration Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands E-mail: a marcus.matthias.morgenstern@cern.ch

More information

Particle Energy Loss in Matter

Particle Energy Loss in Matter Particle Energy Loss in Matter Charged particles loose energy when passing through material via atomic excitation and ionization These are protons, pions, muons, The energy loss can be described for moderately

More information

Particle detection 1

Particle detection 1 Particle detection 1 Recall Particle detectors Detectors usually specialize in: Tracking: measuring positions / trajectories / momenta of charged particles, e.g.: Silicon detectors Drift chambers Calorimetry:

More information

Tracking at the LHC. Pippa Wells, CERN

Tracking at the LHC. Pippa Wells, CERN Tracking at the LHC Aims of central tracking at LHC Some basics influencing detector design Consequences for LHC tracker layout Measuring material before, during and after construction Pippa Wells, CERN

More information

Particle Identification: Computer reconstruction of a UA1 event with an identified electron as a candidate for a W >eν event

Particle Identification: Computer reconstruction of a UA1 event with an identified electron as a candidate for a W >eν event Particle Identification: Computer reconstruction of a UA1 event with an identified electron as a candidate for a W >eν event Valuable particles at hadron colliders are the electron e ± for W ±! e ± & Z

More information

arxiv: v1 [hep-ex] 6 Jul 2007

arxiv: v1 [hep-ex] 6 Jul 2007 Muon Identification at ALAS and Oliver Kortner Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Föhringer Ring, D-005 München, Germany arxiv:0707.0905v1 [hep-ex] Jul 007 Abstract. Muonic final states will provide clean

More information

Muon reconstruction performance in ATLAS at Run-2

Muon reconstruction performance in ATLAS at Run-2 2 Muon reconstruction performance in ATLAS at Run-2 Hannah Herde on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration Brandeis University (US) E-mail: hannah.herde@cern.ch ATL-PHYS-PROC-205-2 5 October 205 The ATLAS muon

More information

Concepts of Event Reconstruction

Concepts of Event Reconstruction August 3, 2007 Directly Detectable Particles electrons, positrons: e ±, lightest charged lepton photons: γ, gauge boson for electromagnetic force pions: π ±, lightest mesons kaons: K ±, K L, lightest strange

More information

Particle Detectors : an introduction. Erik Adli/Are Strandlie, University of Oslo, August 2017, v2.3

Particle Detectors : an introduction. Erik Adli/Are Strandlie, University of Oslo, August 2017, v2.3 Particle Detectors : an introduction Erik Adli/Are Strandlie, University of Oslo, August 2017, v2.3 Experimental High-Energy Particle Physics Event rate in ATLAS : N = L x (pp) 10 9 interactions/s Mostly

More information

PHYS 3446 Lecture #12

PHYS 3446 Lecture #12 PHYS 3446 Lecture #12 Wednesday, Oct. 18, 2006 Dr. 1. Particle Detection Ionization Detectors MWPC Scintillation Counters Time of Flight 1 Announcements Next LPCC Workshop Preparation work Each group to

More information

Ionization Energy Loss of Charged Projectiles in Matter. Steve Ahlen Boston University

Ionization Energy Loss of Charged Projectiles in Matter. Steve Ahlen Boston University Ionization Energy Loss of Charged Projectiles in Matter Steve Ahlen Boston University Almost all particle detection and measurement techniques in high energy physics are based on the energy deposited by

More information

4. LHC experiments Marcello Barisonzi LHC experiments August

4. LHC experiments Marcello Barisonzi LHC experiments August 4. LHC experiments 1 Summary from yesterday: Hadron colliders play an important role in particle physics discory but also precision measurements LHC will open up TeV energy range new particles with 3-5

More information

Appendix A2. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France.

Appendix A2. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France. Appendix A. Particle Accelerators and Detectors The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Geneva, Switzerland on the Border of France. Prepared by: Arash Akbari-Sharbaf Why Build Accelerators? Probe deeper From

More information

EP228 Particle Physics

EP228 Particle Physics EP8 Particle Physics Topic 4 Particle Detectors Department of Engineering Physics University of Gaziantep Course web page www.gantep.edu.tr/~bingul/ep8 Oct 01 Page 1 Outline 1. Introduction. Bubble Chambers

More information

Hadronic vs e + e - colliders

Hadronic vs e + e - colliders Hadronic vs e + e - colliders Hadronic machines: enormous production of b-hadrons (σ bb ~ 50 µb) all b-hadrons can be produced trigger is challenging complicated many-particles events incoherent production

More information

Particle Energy Loss in Matter

Particle Energy Loss in Matter Particle Energy Loss in Matter Charged particles, except electrons, loose energy when passing through material via atomic excitation and ionization These are protons, pions, muons, The energy loss can

More information

MEIC Central Detector Zhiwen Zhao for JLab MEIC Study Group

MEIC Central Detector Zhiwen Zhao for JLab MEIC Study Group MEIC Central Detector Zhiwen Zhao for JLab MEIC Study Group MEIC Collaboration Meeting 2015/10/07 MEIC Design Goals Energy Full coverage of s from 15 to 65 GeV Electrons 3-10 GeV, protons 20-100 GeV, ions

More information

Seminar talks. Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) MAPS. Talks on Feb. 6 th, (Contact JR) (Contact TS)

Seminar talks. Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) MAPS. Talks on Feb. 6 th, (Contact JR) (Contact TS) Seminar talks Overall description of CLAS12 (Jefferson Lab) (Contact JR) MAPS (Contact TS) Talks on Feb. 6 th, 2015 Review old ionization detectors: Emulsion, Cloud chambers, Ionization chambers, Spark

More information

Components of a generic collider detector

Components of a generic collider detector Lecture 24 Components of a generic collider detector electrons - ionization + bremsstrahlung photons - pair production in high Z material charged hadrons - ionization + shower of secondary interactions

More information

Calorimeter for detection of the high-energy photons

Calorimeter for detection of the high-energy photons Calorimeter for detection of the high-energy photons 26.06.2012 1 1. Introduction 2 1. Introduction 2. Theory of Electromagnetic Showers 3. Types of Calorimeters 4. Function Principle of Liquid Noble Gas

More information

Transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

Transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC Transverse momentum spectra of identified charged hadrons with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC for the ALICE Collaboration Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico

More information

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles

Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Particle Detectors Tools of High Energy and Nuclear Physics Detection of Individual Elementary Particles Howard Fenker Jefferson Lab May 31, 2006 Outline of Talk Interactions of Particles with Matter Atomic

More information

Future prospects for the measurement of direct photons at the LHC

Future prospects for the measurement of direct photons at the LHC Future prospects for the measurement of direct photons at the LHC David Joffe on behalf of the and CMS Collaborations Southern Methodist University Department of Physics, 75275 Dallas, Texas, USA DOI:

More information

Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics

Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics PHY-30 Dr. E. Rizvi Lecture 4 - Detectors Binding Energy Nuclear mass MN less than sum of nucleon masses Shows nucleus is a bound (lower energy) state for this configuration

More information

Particles and Universe: Particle detectors

Particles and Universe: Particle detectors Particles and Universe: Particle detectors Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki March 31, 2015 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 5 March 31, 2015 1 / 46 Lecture 5 1 Introduction 2 Ionization

More information

Particle Acceleration

Particle Acceleration Nuclear and Particle Physics Junior Honours: Particle Physics Lecture 4: Accelerators and Detectors February 19th 2007 Particle Beams and Accelerators Particle Physics Labs Accelerators Synchrotron Radiation

More information

Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions

Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions Chapter 2 Radiation-Matter Interactions The behavior of radiation and matter as a function of energy governs the degradation of astrophysical information along the path and the characteristics of the detectors.

More information

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2007 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics

Particle Detectors. Summer Student Lectures 2007 Werner Riegler, CERN, History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics Particle Detectors Summer Student Lectures 2007 Werner Riegler, CERN, werner.riegler@cern.ch History of Instrumentation History of Particle Physics The Real World of Particles Interaction of Particles

More information

The Alice Experiment Felix Freiherr von Lüdinghausen

The Alice Experiment Felix Freiherr von Lüdinghausen The Alice Experiment Felix Freiherr von Lüdinghausen Alice, who is Alice? Alice is A Large Ion Collider Experiment. Worldwide hit in 1977 for the band Smokie Alice is the dedicated heavy ion experiment

More information

Detection methods in particle physics

Detection methods in particle physics Detection methods in particle physics in most modern experiments look for evidence of quite rare events - creation of new particles - decays particles have short life times and move rapidly need detectors

More information

Compact Muon Solenoid Surapat Ek-In École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Compact Muon Solenoid Surapat Ek-In École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Compact Muon Solenoid Surapat Ek-In École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Outline Introduction Electromagnetic Calorimeter Muon Chamber Application Conclusion Outline 2 LHC Experiments ~ 100 m https://cms.cern.ch/

More information

Risultati dell esperimento ATLAS dopo il run 1 di LHC. C. Gemme (INFN Genova), F. Parodi (INFN/University Genova) Genova, 28 Maggio 2013

Risultati dell esperimento ATLAS dopo il run 1 di LHC. C. Gemme (INFN Genova), F. Parodi (INFN/University Genova) Genova, 28 Maggio 2013 Risultati dell esperimento ATLAS dopo il run 1 di LHC C. Gemme (INFN Genova), F. Parodi (INFN/University Genova) Genova, 28 Maggio 2013 1 LHC physics Standard Model is a gauge theory based on the following

More information

Fall Quarter 2010 UCSB Physics 225A & UCSD Physics 214 Homework 1

Fall Quarter 2010 UCSB Physics 225A & UCSD Physics 214 Homework 1 Fall Quarter 2010 UCSB Physics 225A & UCSD Physics 214 Homework 1 Problem 2 has nothing to do with what we have done in class. It introduces somewhat strange coordinates called rapidity and pseudorapidity

More information

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Inner Tracker at the High-Luminosity LHC

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Inner Tracker at the High-Luminosity LHC Expected Performance of the ATLAS Inner Tracker at the High-Luminosity LHC Matthias Hamer on behalf of the ATLAS collaboration Introduction The ATLAS Phase II Inner Tracker Expected Tracking Performance

More information

Validation of Geant4 Physics Models Using Collision Data from the LHC

Validation of Geant4 Physics Models Using Collision Data from the LHC Journal of Physics: Conference Series Validation of Geant4 Physics Models Using Collision from the LHC To cite this article: S Banerjee and CMS Experiment 20 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 33 032003 Related content

More information

Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter

Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter Interaction of Electron and Photons with Matter In addition to the references listed in the first lecture (of this part of the course) see also Calorimetry in High Energy Physics by Richard Wigmans. (Oxford

More information

Neutrino Detectors for future facilities - III

Neutrino Detectors for future facilities - III Neutrino Detectors for future facilities - III Mark Messier Indiana University NUFACT Summer school Benasque, Spain June 16-18, 2008 1 Neutrino detectors optimized for muons reconstruction νμ νμ and the

More information

CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland

CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland Available on CMS information server CMS NOTE 1996/005 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment CMS Note Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland Performance of the Silicon Detectors for the

More information

Identifying Particle Trajectories in CMS using the Long Barrel Geometry

Identifying Particle Trajectories in CMS using the Long Barrel Geometry Identifying Particle Trajectories in CMS using the Long Barrel Geometry Angela Galvez 2010 NSF/REU Program Physics Department, University of Notre Dame Advisor: Kevin Lannon Abstract The Compact Muon Solenoid

More information

General Information. Muon Lifetime Update. Today s Agenda. The next steps. Reports due May 14

General Information. Muon Lifetime Update. Today s Agenda. The next steps. Reports due May 14 General Information Muon Lifetime Update The next steps Organize your results Analyze, prepare plots, fit lifetime distribution Prepare report using the Latex templates from the web site Reports due May

More information

Instrumentation for Flavor Physics - Lesson I

Instrumentation for Flavor Physics - Lesson I Instrumentation for Flavor Physics - Lesson I! Fisica delle Particelle Università di Milano a.a 2013/2014 Outline Lesson I Introduction Basics for detector design Vertex detectors Lesson II Tracking detectors

More information

Dedicated Arrays: MEDEA GDR studies (E γ = MeV) Highly excited CN E*~ MeV, 4 T 8 MeV

Dedicated Arrays: MEDEA GDR studies (E γ = MeV) Highly excited CN E*~ MeV, 4 T 8 MeV Dedicated Arrays: MEDEA GDR studies (E γ = 10-25 MeV) Highly excited CN E*~ 250-350 MeV, 4 T 8 MeV γ-ray spectrum intermediate energy region 10 MeV/A E beam 100 MeV/A - large variety of emitted particles

More information

Recent CMS results on heavy quarks and hadrons. Alice Bean Univ. of Kansas for the CMS Collaboration

Recent CMS results on heavy quarks and hadrons. Alice Bean Univ. of Kansas for the CMS Collaboration Recent CMS results on heavy quarks and hadrons Alice Bean Univ. of Kansas for the CMS Collaboration July 25, 2013 Outline CMS at the Large Hadron Collider Cross section measurements Search for state decaying

More information

Detectors in Nuclear and High Energy Physics. RHIG summer student meeting June 2014

Detectors in Nuclear and High Energy Physics. RHIG summer student meeting June 2014 Detectors in Nuclear and High Energy Physics RHIG summer student meeting June 2014 Physics or Knowledge of Nature Experimental Data Analysis Theory ( application) Experimental Data Initial Conditions /

More information

Arnaud Ferrari. Uppsala, April Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University, Sweden. Advanced Particle Physics:

Arnaud Ferrari. Uppsala, April Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University, Sweden. Advanced Particle Physics: Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University, Sweden Uppsala, April 2013 1 Outline.. 1..2 3 4.. 5 6.. and E miss 7 8.. 2 1.. 2 3 3.. 4 5.. 6 and E miss 7.. 8.. (1) In order to interpret the experimental

More information

Lecture 18. New gas detectors Solid state trackers

Lecture 18. New gas detectors Solid state trackers Lecture 18 New gas detectors Solid state trackers Time projection Chamber Full 3-D track reconstruction x-y from wires and segmented cathode of MWPC z from drift time de/dx information (extra) Drift over

More information

Physics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 23, Physics 663, lecture 4 1

Physics 663. Particle Physics Phenomenology. April 23, Physics 663, lecture 4 1 Physics 663 Particle Physics Phenomenology April 23, 2002 Physics 663, lecture 4 1 Detectors Interaction of Charged Particles and Radiation with Matter Ionization loss of charged particles Coulomb scattering

More information

LHC. Jim Bensinger Brandeis University New England Particle Physics Student Retreat August 26, 2004

LHC. Jim Bensinger Brandeis University New England Particle Physics Student Retreat August 26, 2004 Experiments @ LHC Jim Bensinger Brandeis University New England Particle Physics Student Retreat August 26, 2004 Outline of Presentation Existing Spectrometers A Certain Sameness The Basic Interaction

More information

Event Reconstruction: Tracking

Event Reconstruction: Tracking Event Reconstruction: Tracking Few points Most everyone did not get the randomness part of homework one correctly. If you want to generate a random number from a distribution you can just generate a random

More information

Introduction. Tau leptons. SLHC. Summary. Muons. Scott S. Snyder Brookhaven National Laboratory ILC Physics and Detector workshop Snowmass, Aug 2005

Introduction. Tau leptons. SLHC. Summary. Muons. Scott S. Snyder Brookhaven National Laboratory ILC Physics and Detector workshop Snowmass, Aug 2005 Leptons and Photons at the (S)LHC Scott S. Snyder Brookhaven National Laboratory ILC Physics and Detector workshop Snowmass, Aug 2005 Outline: Introduction. e/γ. Muons. Tau leptons. SLHC. Summary. Leptons

More information

Particles and Universe: Particle detectors

Particles and Universe: Particle detectors Particles and Universe: Particle detectors Maria Krawczyk, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki April 12, 2016 M.Krawczyk, A.F.Żarnecki Particles and Universe 5 April 12, 2016 1 / 49 Lecture 5 1 Introduction 2 Ionization

More information

DESY Summer Students Program 2008: Exclusive π + Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering

DESY Summer Students Program 2008: Exclusive π + Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering DESY Summer Students Program 8: Exclusive π + Production in Deep Inelastic Scattering Falk Töppel date: September 6, 8 Supervisors: Rebecca Lamb, Andreas Mussgiller II CONTENTS Contents Abstract Introduction.

More information

Searches for Long-Lived Particles in ATLAS: challenges and opportunities of HL-LHC

Searches for Long-Lived Particles in ATLAS: challenges and opportunities of HL-LHC Searches for Long-Lived Particles in ATLAS: challenges and opportunities of HL-LHC Simone Pagan Griso Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. on behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration HL(/HE)-LHC Yellow-Report kick-off

More information

Search for a Z at an e + e - Collider Thomas Walker

Search for a Z at an e + e - Collider Thomas Walker Search for a Z at an e + e - Collider Thomas Walker Significance: Many theories predict that another neutral gauge boson (Z ) may exist. In order to detect this Z, I would use an e + e - linear collider

More information

CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab

CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab Daria Sokhan University of Glasgow, UK IPPP/NuSTEC Topical Meeting on Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering IPPP, Durham, UK 19 April 2017 Jefferson Lab 6 GeV era Jefferson Lab CEBAF: Continuous

More information

etectors for High Energy Physics

etectors for High Energy Physics 3rd WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS NATIONAL CENTRE FOR PHYSICS (QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY) etectors for High Energy Physics Lecture II General Detector Concepts Gigi Rolandi Cern Geneva - Switzerland http://rolandi.home.cern.ch/rolandi/

More information

2nd-Meeting. Ionization energy loss. Multiple Coulomb scattering (plural and single scattering, too) Tracking chambers

2nd-Meeting. Ionization energy loss. Multiple Coulomb scattering (plural and single scattering, too) Tracking chambers 2nd-Meeting Ionization energy loss Multiple Coulomb scattering (plural and single scattering, too) Tracking chambers #2 -Particle Physics Experiments at High Energy Colliders John Hauptman, Kyungpook National

More information

Walter Hopkins. February

Walter Hopkins. February B s µ + µ Walter Hopkins Cornell University February 25 2010 Walter Hopkins (Cornell University) Bs µ + µ February 25 2010 1 / 14 Motivation B s µ + µ can only occur through higher order diagrams in Standard

More information

Analyses with photons or electrons with early LHC data at the CMS experiment

Analyses with photons or electrons with early LHC data at the CMS experiment Analyses with photons or electrons with early LHC data at the CMS experiment Dottorando: Daniele Franci Relatori: Prof. Egidio Longo Dott. Daniele del Re Prof. Shahram Rahatlou Seminario progetto di tesi,

More information

Tracker material study with the energy flow through the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. Riccardo Paramatti, Ambra Provenza

Tracker material study with the energy flow through the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. Riccardo Paramatti, Ambra Provenza Tracker material study with the energy flow through the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter Riccardo Paramatti, Ambra Provenza The electromagnetc calorimeter (ECAL) To detect photons and electrons iη=85 iη=1

More information

Upgrade of the CMS Forward Calorimetry

Upgrade of the CMS Forward Calorimetry Upgrade of the CMS Forward Calorimetry Riccardo Paramatti Cern & INFN Roma IPMLHC2013 Tehran 9 th October Credits to Francesca Cavallari and Pawel de Barbaro Outline Radiation damage at HL-LHC ECAL and

More information

Study and Simulation of the Radiation background of the ATLAS Experiment at CERN using the Monte Carlo method

Study and Simulation of the Radiation background of the ATLAS Experiment at CERN using the Monte Carlo method Study and Simulation of the Radiation background of the ATLAS Experiment at CERN using the Monte Carlo method Maria Lymperaiou ECE NTUA Under the supervision of Professor Evangelos Gazis March 30, 2018

More information

PoS(EPS-HEP2015)522. The status of MICE Step IV

PoS(EPS-HEP2015)522. The status of MICE Step IV on behalf of the MICE collaboration University of Geneva E-mail: yordan.karadzhov@cern.ch Muon beams of low emittance provide the basis for the intense, well-characterized neutrino beams of a Neutrino

More information

Conference Report Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland

Conference Report Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, Switzerland CMS CR - he Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment Conference Report Mailing address: CMS CERN, CH- GENEVA 3, Switzerland 8/5/6 Charmonium production measured in and pp collisions by CMS arxiv:7.5v [nucl-ex]

More information

HERA e-p scattering events observed in the H1Detector. H1 Events Joachim Meyer DESY

HERA e-p scattering events observed in the H1Detector. H1 Events Joachim Meyer DESY HERA e-p scattering events observed in the H1Detector H1 Events Joachim Meyer DESY 2005 1 The idea The realisation The Physics The events H1 Events Joachim Meyer DESY 2005 2 What we think what happens,

More information

EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection

EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection EEE4106Z Radiation Interactions & Detection 2. Radiation Detection Dr. Steve Peterson 5.14 RW James Department of Physics University of Cape Town steve.peterson@uct.ac.za May 06, 2015 EEE4106Z :: Radiation

More information

Part II: Detectors. Peter Schleper Universität Hamburg

Part II: Detectors. Peter Schleper Universität Hamburg Part II: Detectors Peter Schleper Universität Hamburg 30.05.2018 Outline of the lecture: 1. Overview on detectors 2. Particle interactions with matter 3. Scintillators and photon detectors 4. Semiconductor

More information

Dario Barberis Evaluation of GEANT4 Electromagnetic and Hadronic Physics in ATLAS

Dario Barberis Evaluation of GEANT4 Electromagnetic and Hadronic Physics in ATLAS Dario Barberis Evaluation of GEANT4 Electromagnetic and Hadronic Physics in ATLAS LC Workshop, CERN, 15 Nov 2001 Dario Barberis Genova University/INFN 1 The ATLAS detector LC Workshop, CERN, 15 Nov 2001

More information